<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001641172-25-010302.txt : 20250514
<SEC-HEADER>0001641172-25-010302.hdr.sgml : 20250514
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250514163034
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001641172-25-010302
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	20-F
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		100
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20241231
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250514
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250514

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) LTD
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001995704
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	ORTHOPEDIC, PROSTHETIC & SURGICAL APPLIANCES & SUPPLIES [3842]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	08 Industrial Applications and Services
		EIN:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			E9
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		20-F
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-42288
		FILM NUMBER:		25946267

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		BLOCK 1090
		STREET 2:		LOWER DELTA ROAD, #06-08
		CITY:			SINGAPORE
		STATE:			U0
		ZIP:			169201
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(65) 8512 7275

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		BLOCK 1090
		STREET 2:		LOWER DELTA ROAD, #06-08
		CITY:			SINGAPORE
		STATE:			U0
		ZIP:			169201
</SEC-HEADER>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>UNITED
STATES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>SECURITIES
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><b>Washington,
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Mark
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OR</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OR</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_902_edei--DocumentTransitionReport_c20240101__20241231_zEmKKuyxY4fl"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000021" name="dei:DocumentTransitionReport">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span>
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OR</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90C_edei--DocumentShellCompanyReport_c20240101__20241231_zFSEKCSdBR0i"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000022" name="dei:DocumentShellCompanyReport">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span>
SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date
of event requiring this shell company report:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the transition period from __________ to ____________</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Commission
file number: <span id="xdx_908_edei--EntityFileNumber_c20240101__20241231_z0WONah1RaGd"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000023" name="dei:EntityFileNumber">001-42288</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b><span id="xdx_90A_edei--EntityRegistrantName_c20240101__20241231_zAVRnGoWWnAb"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000024" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName">Cuprina
Holdings (Cayman) Limited</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Exact
name of the Registrant as specified in its charter)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">N/A</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Translation
of registrant&#8217;s name into English)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_900_edei--EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_c20240101__20241231_zONQWn6tu2fk"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt-sec:edgarprovcountryen" id="Fact000025" name="dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">Cayman
Islands</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90F_edei--EntityAddressAddressLine1_c20240101__20241231_z4f81LZ5hH5l"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000026" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1">c/o
Blk 1090</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_907_edei--EntityAddressAddressLine2_c20240101__20241231_zWZKcTw9eaxl"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000027" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine2">Lower
Delta Road #06-08</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_902_edei--EntityAddressCityOrTown_c20240101__20241231_z1Gm2GJ1hfla"><span id="xdx_907_edei--EntityAddressCountry_c20240101__20241231_zCfmUBNyn1Gh"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000028" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt-sec:countrynameen" id="Fact000029" name="dei:EntityAddressCountry">Singapore</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span>
<span id="xdx_908_edei--EntityAddressPostalZipCode_c20240101__20241231_ztfiCKGkwhB4"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000030" name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode">169201</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Address
of principal executive offices)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90A_edei--ContactPersonnelName_c20240101__20241231__dei--EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis__dei--BusinessContactMember_zDzbtVBnjj63"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_dei_BusinessContactMember" id="Fact000031" name="dei:ContactPersonnelName">David
Quek Yong Qi</ix:nonNumeric></span> (CEO)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Tel:
<span id="xdx_90C_edei--CityAreaCode_c20240101__20241231__dei--EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis__dei--BusinessContactMember_zgpDIovvcsU1"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_dei_BusinessContactMember" id="Fact000032" name="dei:CityAreaCode">+65</ix:nonNumeric></span> <span id="xdx_90F_edei--LocalPhoneNumber_c20240101__20241231__dei--EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis__dei--BusinessContactMember_zvxoolVzkl8j"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_dei_BusinessContactMember" id="Fact000033" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber">8512 7275</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Email:
general@cuprina.com.sg</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_908_edei--EntityAddressAddressLine1_c20240101__20241231__dei--EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis__dei--BusinessContactMember_zZGsD8BOzsYi"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_dei_BusinessContactMember" id="Fact000034" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1">Blk
1090</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_905_edei--EntityAddressAddressLine2_c20240101__20241231__dei--EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis__dei--BusinessContactMember_zQ6KIFSbfNcb"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_dei_BusinessContactMember" id="Fact000035" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine2">Lower
Delta Road #06-08</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_900_edei--EntityAddressCityOrTown_c20240101__20241231__dei--EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis__dei--BusinessContactMember_zpEajqaOIMf1"><span id="xdx_90C_edei--EntityAddressCountry_c20240101__20241231__dei--EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis__dei--BusinessContactMember_zq0fwm2pc1ce"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_dei_BusinessContactMember" id="Fact000036" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_dei_BusinessContactMember" format="ixt-sec:countrynameen" id="Fact000037" name="dei:EntityAddressCountry">Singapore</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span>
<span id="xdx_903_edei--EntityAddressPostalZipCode_c20240101__20241231__dei--EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis__dei--BusinessContactMember_zuDJdXw7HoP9"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_dei_BusinessContactMember" id="Fact000038" name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode">169201</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Name,
Telephone, E-mail and Address of Company Contact Person)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 38%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Title
    of each class</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 20%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Trading
    symbol(s)</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 38%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name
    of each exchange on which registered</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90E_edei--Security12bTitle_c20240101__20241231_zWPuyITUJuHd"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000039" name="dei:Security12bTitle">Class
    A Ordinary shares, par value US$0.001 per share</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90B_edei--TradingSymbol_c20240101__20241231_zsykCx1eJMse"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000040" name="dei:TradingSymbol">CUPR</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Warrants,
each to purchase one ordinary share</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title
of Class</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
registrant had <span id="xdx_907_edei--EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20250514_z5mmhMRu2juh"><ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2025-05-14" id="Fact000042" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">7,365,000</ix:nonFraction></span> Class A ordinary shares issued and outstanding as of May 14, 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;
Yes &#9746; <span id="xdx_90E_edei--EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_c20240101__20241231_zMqCqHEzs5I9"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000043" name="dei:EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer">No</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section
13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#9744;
Yes &#9746; <span id="xdx_90B_edei--EntityVoluntaryFilers_c20240101__20241231_z2ovkNg7rJ28"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000044" name="dei:EntityVoluntaryFilers">No</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;
<span id="xdx_90A_edei--EntityCurrentReportingStatus_c20240101__20241231_z5QliofwsQ36"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000045" name="dei:EntityCurrentReportingStatus">Yes</ix:nonNumeric></span> &#9744; No</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule
405 of Regulation S-T (&#167;232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to submit such files).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;
<span id="xdx_90C_edei--EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_c20240101__20241231_zQbFXv77qaC9"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000046" name="dei:EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">Yes</ix:nonNumeric></span> &#9744; No</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth
company. See definition of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221;
in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 33%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;
    Large Accelerated filer</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 34%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;
    Accelerated filer</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 33%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;
    <span id="xdx_905_edei--EntityFilerCategory_c20240101__20241231_zvldvvTiEMPj"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt-sec:entityfilercategoryen" id="Fact000047" name="dei:EntityFilerCategory">Non-accelerated filer</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_907_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20240101__20241231_zLNwDDacObF3"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000048" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9746;</ix:nonNumeric></span>
    Emerging growth company</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards&#8224; provided
pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. <span id="xdx_904_edei--EntityExTransitionPeriod_c20240101__20241231_zEIvUcDNROm8"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000049" name="dei:EntityExTransitionPeriod">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8224;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    term &#8220;new or revised financial accounting standard&#8221; refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards
    Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management&#8217;s assessment of the effectiveness
of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered
public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. <span id="xdx_907_edei--IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag_c20240101__20241231_zIdBgTk11FWc"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000050" name="dei:IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 33%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;
    <span id="xdx_908_edei--DocumentAccountingStandard_c20240101__20241231_zwnGC9q67vYl"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000051" name="dei:DocumentAccountingStandard">U.S. GAAP</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 34%"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;
                                            International Financial Reporting</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Standards
    as issued by the International</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accounting
    Standards Board</span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 33%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;
    Other</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
&#8220;Other&#8221; has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the
registrant has elected to follow.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;
Item 17 &#9744; Item 18</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant
included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. <span id="xdx_900_edei--DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag_c20240101__20241231_zSxWVaNxP6Pf"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000052" name="dei:DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation
received by any of the registrant&#8217;s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to &#167;240.10D-1(b). &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
this is an Annual Report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;
Yes <span id="xdx_902_edei--EntityShellCompany_dbF_c20240101__20241231_zjIoeUq2CcY8"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000053" name="dei:EntityShellCompany">&#9746;</ix:nonNumeric></span> No</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"></p>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>TABLE
OF CONTENTS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 91%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Aa_001">FORWARD-LOOKING
    STATEMENTS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Aa_002">DEFINITIONS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Aa_003">PART
    I</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Aa_004">ITEM
    1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Aa_005">ITEM
    2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Aa_006">ITEM
    3. KEY INFORMATION</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#hk_001">ITEM
    4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">29</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#hk_002">ITEM
    4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">77</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#hk_003">ITEM
    5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">78</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_001">ITEM
    6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">92</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_002">ITEM
    7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">99</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_003">ITEM
    8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_004">ITEM
    9. THE OFFER AND LISTING</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 90%; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_005">ITEM
    10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 9%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_006">ITEM
    11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">107</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_007">ITEM
    12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">108</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_008">PART
    II</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">109</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_009">ITEM
    13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">109</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_010">ITEM
    14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">109</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_011">ITEM
    15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">110</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><a href="#Gk_012">Item
    16. [reserved]</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">110</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_013">ITEM
    16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">110</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_014">ITEM
    16B. CODE OF ETHICS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">110</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_015">ITEM
    16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">110</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_016">ITEM
    16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">110</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_017">ITEM
    16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">111</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_018">ITEM
    16F. CHANGES IN REGISTRANT&#8217;S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">111</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_019">ITEM
    16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">111</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_020">ITEM
    16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">111</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_021">ITEM
    16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTION THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">111</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_022">ITEM
    16J. INSIDER TRADING POLICIES</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">111</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_023">ITEM
    16K. CYBERSECURITY</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">111</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_024">PART
    III</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">112</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_025">ITEM
    17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">112</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_026">ITEM
    18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">112</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#Gk_027">ITEM
    19. EXHIBITS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">112</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Aa_001"></span>FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Annual Report on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking
statements are made under the &#8220;safe harbor&#8221; provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some
cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the words &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;might,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221;
&#8220;would,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;goal,&#8221; &#8220;objective,&#8221;
&#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;continue&#8221;
and &#8220;ongoing,&#8221; or the negative of these terms, or other comparable terminology intended to identify statements about the
future. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results,
levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking
statements. The forward-looking statements and opinions contained in this Annual Report are based upon information available to us as
of the date of this Annual Report and, while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information
may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or
review of, all potentially available relevant information.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Forward-looking
statements include statements about:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
  goals and strategies;</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
  future business development, results of operations and financial condition;</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">expected
  changes in our revenue, costs or expenditures;</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
  dividend policy;</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
  expectations regarding demand for and market acceptance of our products and services;</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
  expectation regarding the use of proceeds from the IPO closed in April 2025;</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
  projected markets and growth in markets;</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
  potential need for additional capital and the availability of such capital;</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">competition
  in our industry;</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">general
  economic and business conditions in the markets in which we operate;</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">relevant
  government policies and regulations relating to our business and industry; and</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">assumptions
  underlying or related to any of the foregoing.</span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
statements are subjective. Therefore, they involve known and unknown risks.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">They
are based largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends, uncertainties and other important
factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results to differ materially from any future results,
performance or achievements described in or implied by such statements. Actual results may differ materially from expected results described
in our forward-looking statements, for reasons connected with measuring future developments, including:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    correct measurement and identification of factors affecting our business;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    extent of their likely impact; and/or</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    accuracy and completeness of the publicly available information regarding the factors upon which our business strategy is based.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Forward-looking
statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results. They will not necessarily be accurate indications of whether,
or the times by which, our performance or results may be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the
time those statements are made and management&#8217;s belief as of that time regarding future events. Consequently, they are subject
to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by
the forward-looking statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Important
factors that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements include,
but are not limited to, those factors discussed under Item 3.D. &#8220;Risk Factors,&#8221; that may cause our actual results, performance
or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Aa_002"></span>DEFINITIONS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
otherwise indicated and except where the context otherwise requires, the following definitions are used in this Annual Report:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 24pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8220;$&#8221;
    or &#8220;US$&#8221; or &#8220;U.S. dollars&#8221; refers to the legal currency of the United States;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8220;BVI&#8221;
                                            refers to the British Virgin Islands;</span></p></td></tr>

<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8220;China&#8221;,
    &#8220;mainland China&#8221; or the &#8220;PRC&#8221; refers to the People&#8217;s Republic of China, for the purposes of this Annual
    Report, excluding Hong Kong, the Macau Special Administrative Region of the PRC and Taiwan;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8220;Class
    A Ordinary Shares&#8221; are to our class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.001 per share;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8220;Class
    B Ordinary Shares&#8221; are to our class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.001 per share;</span></td></tr>


<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8220;Companies
    Act&#8221; means the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 24pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8220;Controlling
    Shareholder&#8221; refer to the ultimate beneficial owner of the Company, who is Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd.;</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8220;CSRC&#8221;
    refers to China Securities Regulatory Commission;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 24pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8220;HK$&#8221;
    or &#8220;HKD&#8221; or &#8220;HK dollars&#8221; refers the legal currency of Hong Kong;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    publicly available in the PRC as of the date hereof;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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</table>

<p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin: 0; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></p>

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<p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    &#8220;us&#8221;, the &#8220;Company&#8221;, or &#8220;Cuprina Cayman&#8221; in this Annual Report refers to Cuprina Holdings (Cayman)
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
Cayman is a holding company with operations primarily in Singapore through Cuprina Pte. Ltd., our operating subsidiary in Singapore.
Our reporting currency is Singapore dollars. This Annual Report contains translations of certain foreign currency amounts into U.S. dollars
for the convenience of the reader. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the closing rate of exchange as of the
balance sheet dates, the statement of income is translated using average rate of exchange in effect during the reporting periods, and
the equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from SGD to U.S. dollars and
from U.S. dollars to SGD in this Annual Report were calculated with reference to the table below. No representation is made that the
SGD amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at such rate, or at any other rate.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Years
    ended December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Year
    end SGD: US$ exchange rate</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.7351</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.7584</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Year
    average SGD: US$ exchange rate</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.7474</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.7455</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Aa_003"></span>PART
I</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Aa_004"></span>ITEM
1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Aa_005"></span>ITEM
2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Aa_006"></span>ITEM
3. KEY INFORMATION</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>A.
[Reserved]</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>B.
Capitalization and Indebtedness.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>C.
Reason for the Offer and Use of Proceeds.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>D.
Risk Factors.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Risks
Relating to Our Business and Industry</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
are an early-stage company with a history of losses, we expect to incur losses in the future and we may not be able to achieve or sustain
profitability.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have incurred losses since our formation. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, we recorded net loss of S$1,094,516,
S$1,119,555 and S$1,560,535 (US$1,147,199), respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had accumulated deficit of S$4,561,053
(US$3,352,976). As of the date of this Annual Report, we have financed our operations primarily through financial assistance from
one of our shareholders, Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd., certain ultimate beneficial shareholders, bank loans and sales of our currently
commercialized products, including a line of medical grade sterile blowfly larvae bio-dressing products marketed under the MEDIFLY
brand name, or the MEDIFLY products, introduced in 2020, and three cosmeceutical products introduced in 2023. The net losses and
accumulated deficit have primarily been due to the substantial investments we have made to develop our products, costs related to
our staff as well as our sales and marketing efforts, R&amp;D costs, and infrastructure improvements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, as a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company.
Accordingly, we expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future and we cannot assure you that we will ever achieve profitability
or that, if we do become profitable, we will sustain profitability. Our failure to achieve or sustain profitability in the future would
make it more difficult to finance our business and accomplish our strategic objectives, which would have a material adverse effect on
our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, failure of our products to significantly penetrate our target
markets would negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
business and future growth prospects rely on industry development and consumer demand for our products. If we fail to achieve and further
promote our brand recognition and the widespread market acceptance of our products, or if we fail to grow or retain our customers or
consumer base, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
operate in an industry that is subject to rapid and unpredictable changes in consumer demand and trends. The success of our business
depends significantly on the continued demand for our products, which in turn depends on the level of acceptance and satisfaction from
medical institutions and individual users for our wound care and cosmeceutical products. The industries of and markets for such products
have been developing rapidly in recent years. However, the prospects for such industries and the markets depend on many factors that
are beyond our control. Our success is also dependent on our ability to identify and respond to such shifting consumer demand and trends,
develop new and appealing products on a timely basis, and achieve acceptance of such new products by our customers. A number of factors
could affect the market acceptance of our products, including but not limited to:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to address the evolving needs and preferences of our customers, part of which could, in turn, be impacted by the changing
    regulatory environment in Singapore and our other markets;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    progress of our R&amp;D efforts, as well as when our products commence commercialization relative to competing products;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    safety and efficacy of our products and pipeline products, including but not limited to the prevalence and severity of adverse reactions,
    if any;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">pricing
    and cost-effectiveness of our products relative to competing products;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">public
    perception, perceived advantages, and brand recognition of our products over competing products; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">effectiveness
    of our sales and marketing efforts and distribution network, as well as the general availability of our products relative to competing
    products.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
our products fail to achieve or maintain widespread market acceptance, particularly among medical institutions and individual users,
or if we fail to maintain good relationships with them, our future prospects may be affected. In addition, if new products introduced
by our competitors are perceived more favorably by our consumers or end-users, or are more cost-effective, or otherwise render our products
obsolete, the market demand for our products may decline, and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially
and adversely affected. Further, our brand recognition and product acceptance depend largely on our ability to respond to changes and
trends in consumer demand and offer high quality products. If we fail to anticipate and respond appropriately to the ever-changing consumer
trends and preferences, or if consumer preferences shift away from the products we develop, manufacture, and sell, our brands and results
of operation and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected. We cannot assure you that our brand promotion activities
and R&amp;D efforts may be successful and contribute to our business growth, and the resulting benefits may not always justify the relevant
expenditures. In the event the demand for our products fails to grow as rapidly as anticipated, our business and results of operations
may also be materially and adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
revenue growth for a particular period is difficult to predict, and a shortfall in forecasted revenues may harm our operating results.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
we were established in 2019 and have a relatively short operating history, our revenue growth and, consequently, results of operations
are difficult to predict. We plan our operating expense levels based primarily on forecasted revenue levels. A shortfall in revenue could
lead to operating results being below expectations as we may not be able to quickly reduce our fixed expenses in response to short-term
revenue shortfalls. We have experienced fluctuations in revenue and operating results and anticipate that these fluctuations will continue
until we achieve a critical mass with our product sales.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
fluctuations can result from a variety of factors, including economic conditions worldwide, as well as economic conditions specific to
the chronic wound care and cosmeceuticals industries, which could affect the ability of our customers to purchase our products and could
result in a reduction in elective operative procedures; governmental regulations; the timing of regulatory approvals; the uncertainty
surrounding our ability to attract new customers and retain existing customers; changes in reimbursement rates for our products by governmental
agencies and private insurers; the length and variability of our sales cycle, especially gaining approvals for the use of our products
in additional hospitals and medical centers, which makes it difficult to forecast the quarter in which our sales will occur; issues including
delays in the sourcing of our products; the timing of operating expenses relating to the expansion of our business and operations; changes
in the pricing of our products and those of our competitors; the development of new wound care products or product enhancements by our
competitors; and actual events, circumstances, outcomes, and amounts differing from assumptions and estimates used in preparing our operating
plan and how well we execute our strategy and operating plans.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a consequence, operating results for a particular future period are difficult to predict, and prior results are not necessarily indicative
of future results. Any of the foregoing factors, or any other factors discussed elsewhere herein, could have a material adverse effect
on our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
recorded net current liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, and such positions may continue.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
recorded net current liabilities of S$2,990,424, and S$4,384,999 (US$3,223,552) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. These
net current liabilities were primarily attributable to large amounts due to related parties, in particular, amounts due to Cuprina Holding
Pte. Ltd., one of our shareholders, and Jimmy Lee Peng Siew, one of our ultimate beneficial shareholders, mainly for the purpose of financing
our working capital as well as research and development activities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
current liabilities expose us to liquidity risk. Payment of trade and other payables, amounts due to related parties, our capital expenditure
plans and the repayment of our outstanding debt obligations as and when they become due will primarily depend on our ability to maintain
adequate cash generated from operating activities and adequate external financing. In addition, if we encounter any liquidity issues
in the future, we may curtail or defer our business expansion plans based on the availability of sufficient funds. If we continue to
have net current liabilities in the future, our working capital for operations or business expansion plans could be limited and our business,
financial position and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
had net operating cash outflows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">We had net cash flows used in operating activities
of S$1,849,674 for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily reflecting a net loss of S$1,094,516, as adjusted by (a) positive changes
of approximately S$52,066 in non-cash items primarily including depreciation and amortization, expected credit loss on accounts receivable,
equity in net earnings of affiliates and loss on disposal of plant and equipment; and (b) negative changes of approximately S$807,224
in working capital primarily reflecting (i) an increase of approximately S$38,444 in accounts receivable, (ii) an increase of approximately
S$103,297 in other current assets, (iii) an increase of approximately S$392,097 in net advance to related parties, and (iv) a decrease
of approximately S$266,857 in accruals and other payables.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">We had net cash flows used in operating activities
of S$894,981 for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily reflecting a net loss of S$1,119,555, as adjusted by (a) positive changes
of approximately S$99,846 in non-cash items primarily including depreciation and amortization, expected credit loss on accounts receivable
and equity in net earnings of affiliates; and (b) positive changes of approximately S$124,728 in working capital primarily reflecting
(i) a decrease of approximately S$238,900 in net advance to related parties, partially offset by (ii) an increase of approximately S$37,511
in accounts receivable, (iii) an increase of approximately S$32,122 in other current assets, and (iv) a decrease of approximately S$45,863
in accruals and other payables.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">We had net cash flows used in operating activities of S$1,235,981 (US$908,609)
for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily reflecting a net loss of S$1,560,535 (US$1,147,199), as adjusted by (a) positive changes
of approximately S$96,198 (US$70,178) in non-cash items primarily including depreciation and amortization and equity in net earnings of
affiliate; and (b) positive changes of approximately S$228,356 (US$167,872) in working capital primarily reflecting (i) an decrease of
approximately S$10,639 (US$7,821) in other current assets, and (ii) an increase of approximately S$123,562 (US$90,835) in accruals and
other payables,(iii) a decrease of approximately S$24,430 (US$17,959) in accounts receivable, and (iv) a decrease of approximately S$69,725
(US$51,257) in net advance to related parties.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
cannot assure you that we will be able to generate net cash flows from operating activities in the future. If we continue to record net
operating cash outflows in the future, our working capital may be constrained, which may adversely affect our liquidity and financial
condition. If we do not have sufficient working capital and are unable to generate sufficient revenue or raise additional funds, we may
delay the completion of or significantly reduce the scope of our current business plan or substantially curtail our operations, any of
which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if we determine
that our cash requirements exceed our available cash on hand, we may seek to issue debt or equity securities or obtain a credit facility.
We cannot assure you that we would be able to obtain debt or equity financing at a reasonable cost, or at all, in the current economic
environment. In addition, any issuance of equity or equity-linked securities could dilute our shareholders&#8217; ownership, while any
incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financial
covenants. As a result, we may face liquidity issues and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially
and adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>The
regulatory approval and clearance processes of the FDA and comparable foreign authorities are lengthy, time-consuming and inherently
unpredictable, and if we are ultimately unable to obtain regulatory approval or other marketing authorizations for our products and pipeline
products, our business will be substantially harmed.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
medical device industries are regulated extensively by governmental authorities, including the FDA and corresponding foreign regulatory
agencies and authorities. The time required to obtain approval, clearance, certification of conformity or other marketing authorizations
from the FDA and comparable foreign authorities is unpredictable and can often be lengthy and depends upon numerous factors, including
the substantial discretion of the regulatory authorities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Before
we can market or sell a new medical device in the United States, we must obtain either a 510(k) clearance from the FDA, or approval of
an application for premarket approval, or PMA, unless an exemption applies. For both of our currently commercialized MEDIFLY products
and for the bullfrog collagen sponge dressings currently in our development pipeline, we have been in the process of compiling the 21
CFR Part 820 dossier for an FDA 510(k) clearance, which is a submission dossier made to the FDA to demonstrate the safety and efficacy
of our products. We expect to receive a 510(k) clearance for our MEDIFLY products by the end of 2025, subject to FDA enquiries or clarifications.
For our bullfrog collagen sponge dressings, we intend to present our 510(k) submission to the FDA in 2025. We have successfully completed
the ISO 10993 biocompatibility test as of the third quarter of 2024. In the 510(k) premarket clearance process, the FDA must determine
that a proposed device is &#8220;substantially equivalent&#8221; to a device legally on the market, known as a &#8220;predicate&#8221;
device, with respect to intended use, technology and safety and effectiveness, in order to clear the proposed device for marketing. Clinical
data is sometimes required to support a finding of substantial equivalence.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
process of obtaining regulatory clearances or approvals to market a medical device can be costly and time-consuming, and we may not be
able to successfully obtain pre-market reviews on a timely basis, if at all. If the FDA requires us to go through a lengthier, more rigorous
examination for our products than we expect, our product introductions could be delayed or canceled, which could cause our sales to decline.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
FDA or any foreign regulatory bodies can delay, limit or deny approval or clearance of our product candidates or require us to conduct
additional nonclinical or clinical testing or abandon a program for many reasons, including:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    FDA&#8217;s or the applicable foreign regulatory agency&#8217;s disagreement with the design or implementation of our clinical trials;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">negative
    or ambiguous results from our clinical trials or results that may not meet the level of statistical significance required by the
    FDA or comparable foreign regulatory agencies for approval;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">serious
    and unexpected device-related side effects experienced by participants in our clinical trials or by individuals using devices similar
    to our products or natural product candidates;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    inability to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA or the applicable foreign regulatory agency that our product candidates are
    safe and effective for their intended uses, or in the case of the 510(k) clearance process, that our product candidate is substantially
    equivalent to a predicate device;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    inability to demonstrate the clinical and other benefits of our product candidates outweigh any safety or other perceived risks;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    FDA&#8217;s or the applicable foreign regulatory agency&#8217;s requirement for additional pre-clinical studies or clinical trials;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    FDA&#8217;s or the applicable foreign regulatory agency&#8217;s disagreement regarding the formulation, labeling or the specifications
    of our products or future product candidates;</span></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="margin: 0; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin: 0; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></p>

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<p style="margin: 0; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    FDA&#8217;s or the applicable foreign regulatory agency&#8217;s failure to approve the manufacturing processes or facilities of third-party
    manufacturers with which we contract; or</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    potential for approval or clearance policies or regulations of the FDA or the applicable foreign regulatory agencies to significantly
    change in a manner rendering our clinical data insufficient for approval.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Of
the large number of products in development, only a small percentage successfully complete the FDA or foreign regulatory approval processes
and are commercialized. The lengthy approval or marketing authorization process, as well as the unpredictability of future clinical trial
results, may result in our failing to obtain regulatory clearance, approval or other marketing authorization to market our products,
which would significantly harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, if we fail to obtain FDA 510(k)
clearances for our products, it could potentially lead to uncertainties in our regulatory approval process in other jurisdictions, as
certain regulatory authorities, including those located in Singapore and Saudi Arabia, use the FDA as a reference agency.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Even
if we eventually receive approval or clearance of an FDA or foreign marketing application for our products, the FDA or the applicable
foreign regulatory agency may grant clearance, approval or other marketing authorization contingent on the performance of costly additional
clinical trials, including post-market clinical trials. The FDA or the applicable foreign regulatory agency also may clear, approve or
authorize for marketing a product candidate for a more limited indication or patient population than we originally requested, and the
FDA or applicable foreign regulatory agency may not approve or authorize the labeling that we believe is necessary or desirable for the
successful commercialization of a product candidate. Any delay in obtaining, or inability to obtain, applicable regulatory clearance,
approval or other marketing authorization would delay or prevent commercialization of that product candidate and would materially adversely
impact our business and prospects.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Failure
to manage our growth strategy could harm our business.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to successfully implement our business plans and develop, market and sell our wound care and cosmeceutical products requires
an effective plan for managing our future growth. We plan to increase the scope of our operations at a rapid rate, particularly in relation
to the development and sale of new products and expansion into new geographic markets. Future expansion efforts will be expensive and
may strain our internal operating resources. To manage future growth effectively, we must maintain and enhance our financial and accounting
systems and controls, integrate new personnel and manage expanded operations. If we do not manage growth properly, it could harm our
operating results and financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">However,
our planned expansion into new products and new geographic markets with which we do not have significant experience subjects us to risks
associated with the use of new and novel technologies, operational, financial, regulatory, legal and reputational risks, as well as the
risk that we may be unable to timely or successfully launch our service offerings. The success of these operations depends upon our ability
to commercialize our service offerings, and our failure to do so could negatively affect our ability to generate revenue from these activities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>If
we are unable to compete within our markets or our products do not gain market acceptance, our financial condition and operating results
could suffer.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Competition
from other medical device companies is significant, and we could be significantly affected by new product introductions and other activities
of market participants. We compete with other companies in acquiring rights to products or technologies from third-party developers.
In addition, many specialized products companies have formed collaborations with large, established companies to support research, development,
and commercialization of wound care and cosmeceutical products which may be competitive with ours. Academic institutions, government
agencies, and other public and private research organizations are also conducting research activities and may commercialize wound care
and cosmeceutical products on their own or through joint ventures. We are a new company with few product lines and relatively small customer
bases. We may not, even with more efficacious products, be able to secure contracts and achieve significant growth with large national
accounts.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Some
of our competitors enjoy several competitive advantages over us, including but not limited to:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">larger
    and more established distribution networks in Singapore and/or in international markets;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">greater
    financial, managerial and other resources for product R&amp;D, sales and marketing efforts and protecting and enforcing intellectual
    property rights;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">greater
    name recognition;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">larger
    consumer bases;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">more
    expansive portfolios of products and intellectual property rights; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">greater
    experience in obtaining and maintaining regulatory approvals and/or clearances from regulatory agencies.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
presence of competition in our markets may lead to pricing pressure which would make it more difficult to sell our products at a profitable
price or may prevent us from selling our products at all. Our failure to compete effectively would have a material adverse effect on
our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Security
breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation
to suffer.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the ordinary course of our business, we use networks to collect and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, proprietary
business information, and important information of our customers, suppliers, and business partners, as well as personally identifiable
information of our customers and employees. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable
to attacks by hackers or be breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise our networks,
and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost, or stolen. The secure processing, maintenance, and transmission
of this information is critical to our operations. Any such access, disclosure, or other loss of information could result in the loss
of existing customers, difficulty in attracting new customers, backlash from negative public relations, legal claims or proceedings,
liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, and regulatory penalties. Furthermore, such access, disclosure,
or loss may cause disruption of our operations and the services we provide to customers, damage to our reputation, and cause a loss of
confidence in our products and services, which could adversely affect our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
rely heavily on our R&amp;D partners for know-how on design, manufacturing methods and formulation of our products. If we or one of our
partners fails to perform adequately or fulfill our needs, we may incur significant costs due to delays in our product introductions
and commercialization.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since
our inception, we have been committed to the R&amp;D of products, product candidates and meeting rigorous quality and regulatory standards
for our production processes. As of December 31, 2024, our R&amp;D team consisted of four full-time team members, including Mr. Baptista,
our Chief Technology Officer as well as Dr. Naresh Waran Gnanasegaran, our head of R&amp;D, who joined us in October 2023. However, the
process of completing research and product development, obtaining regulatory approvals and commercializing our pipeline products may
be time-consuming and costly. We cannot assure you that our R&amp;D efforts will be able to deliver the intended outcomes or that we
will be able to successfully identify new opportunities, develop, enhance or adapt to new technologies, develop and bring new or more
advanced products to market, obtain sufficient or any patent or other intellectual property protection for such products, or obtain the
necessary regulatory approvals in a timely and cost-effective manner. Even if such products are introduced, we cannot assure you that
they will achieve market acceptance, or that we will be able to upgrade our existing technologies or develop or adopt new technologies
that mitigate the risk of substitution by other products. Any failure to do so could harm our business and prospects.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the date of this Annual Report, we had collaborated with NTU for the R&amp;D of our pipeline products. We may continue to seek to
establish or enter into collaborations, strategic alliances, joint ventures, equity investment, or licensing arrangements with third
parties that we believe will complement or augment our development and commercialization of pipeline products and future product candidates.
However, the third parties we collaborate with may fail to properly perform their contractual obligations, fail to protect their intellectual
properties, fail to comply with regulatory provisions, or ultimately yield the anticipated economic benefits. If we are unable to reach
agreements with suitable collaborators on acceptable terms in a timely manner, or at all, we may have to curtail the development of a
product candidate, reduce or delay its development program or commercialization, reduce the scope of any sales or marketing activities,
or increase our expenditures and undertake development or commercialization activities at our own expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
rely on our in-house sales and marketing team and third parties to promote our products. Failure to execute an effective sales and marketing
strategy could harm our ability to increase the sales of our products and achieve broader market acceptance.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
increase the sales of our products, achieve broader market acceptance, and maintain sustainable relationships with existing and potential
customers, we must successfully execute an effective sales and marketing strategy. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able
to attract, motivate and retain qualified and professional employees with requisite expertise and communicate with them effectively.
If we fail to hire, develop and retain qualified sales and marketing personnel, or if our new sales and marketing personnel are unable
to achieve desired performance levels, we may not be able to execute our sales and marketing strategy or achieve our goals.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
relationships with third parties such as hospitals, clinics, and retail chains, as well as our engagement with e-commerce and social
media platforms, also play an important role in our sales and marketing activities. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain
or strengthen our relationships with these industry players. If these industry players leave the market, change their business or practice
focus, cease to collaborate with us, or collaborate with our competitors, our marketing strategy and efforts to promote our products
may not be successful. If we fail to generate returns from our relationships with these industry players as anticipated, or at all, our
business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furthermore,
we have limited experience in the sales and marketing of certain of our pipeline products, which includes products that operate in different
sub-markets than our marketed products. Upon the commercialization of these pipeline products, we may fail to build a corresponding commercial
team, conduct comprehensive market analysis, obtain licenses and approvals, or manage related distributors and sales forces. As a result,
commercialization of these pipeline products may involve more inherent risks, take a comparatively longer time, and cost more. There
may also be circumstances during the actual sales of our future products that we did not anticipate prior to commercialization, which
may require us to adjust our sales and marketing strategy, recruit additional personnel, or incur unforeseen costs and expenses. In such
an event, our business prospects and sales of the relevant products could be materially and adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
may not be able to develop new products that are competitive or successful in the markets we have entered or plan to enter, in a timely
manner or at all.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to continuously identify, develop, and launch new products for which there is consumer demand is critical to our success. However,
the success of any product candidate depends on several factors, including our ability to anticipate industry trends and market demand,
complete the product development process efficiently, minimize the costs and time for obtaining required regulatory approvals, optimize
our manufacturing and procurement process, manufacture and deliver new products in a timely and commercially viable manner, anticipate
and compete with our competitors, and increase customer awareness and acceptance of our new products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
cannot guarantee that we can predict industry trends and market demand and be successful in developing new products or that we will be
able to identify viable product development opportunities. We may experience delays or failures in any stage of product development,
manufacturing, product registration, and marketing. In addition, failure to obtain regulatory approvals or registration certificates
for these pipeline products in a timely manner would hinder our ability to penetrate the markets that we intend to enter, which may adversely
affect our business and financial performance.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have collaborated and will continue to collaborate with third parties to develop new products, but we cannot assure you that we could
successfully launch the new products as anticipated or at all, or that consumers will be receptive to our new products. Even if we are
able to launch new products, it may take time for the new products to gain market acceptance. Furthermore, our competitors may develop
similar products or technologies, or may be able to bring products to market faster or at a lower cost than we can, which could adversely
affect our ability to compete.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">However,
there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully develop and launch new products or that our products will gain market
acceptance. Any delays or failures in product development, manufacturing, regulatory approval, or marketing could have a material adverse
effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>The
development and sale of certain of our pipeline products are heavily dependent on certain agreements with NTU and the termination of
any of these agreements could harm our business.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
rely on certain agreements entered between NTU and us to develop and sell certain of our pipeline products, including products incorporating
bullfrog collagen. We entered into a licensing agreement and an industry research collaboration agreement with NTU in June 2022 and August
2022, respectively. However, NTU is a third party and could decide to terminate the agreements pursuant to their terms. We cannot be
certain that license agreements will continue to be available to us on reasonable terms or at all. The termination of, or inability to
maintain, any of our license agreements could negatively impact our ability to development and sell the products mentioned above in the
future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Certain
of our pipeline products are still under development and we may not be able to successfully commercialize any of these products.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
pipeline contains certain products for treating chronic wounds of various stages of the healing process, and we may also decide to develop
other pipeline products. Some of our R&amp;D programs are in early developmental stages, and one or more of our product candidates may
fail to meet safety and efficacy standards in human testing, even if those product candidates are found to be effective in animal studies.
To develop and commercialize product candidates for wound care, we must provide regulatory authorities in Singapore and other intended
markets with human clinical and nonclinical animal data that demonstrate adequate safety and effectiveness, which will require significant
additional research and development efforts, including extensive nonclinical studies and clinical testing. However, our approach to product
discovery may not be effective or may not result in the development of any product, and it can take several years for a product to be
approved, with no guarantee of successfully bringing any therapeutic candidates to the market. Additionally, a new product candidate
may appear promising at an early stage of development or after clinical trials and never reach the market, or it may reach the market
and not sell, for a variety of reasons.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
example, the product may:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">be
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">fail
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">be
    difficult to manufacture on a large scale;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">not
    be economically viable;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">not
    be prescribed by doctors or accepted by patients;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">fail
    to receive a sufficient level of reimbursement from government insurers or other third-party payors; or</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">infringe
    on intellectual property rights of any other party.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
our technologies or product development efforts fail to generate product candidates that lead to the successful development and commercialization
of products, or if the product candidates we have acquired (or may in the future acquire) are not approved or cleared for commercialization
or otherwise experience adverse regulatory action, our business and financial condition will be materially adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
future success will largely depend on our ability to maintain and further grow clinical acceptance and adoption of our products, and
we may be unable to adequately educate healthcare practitioners on the use and benefits of our products.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
commercial success depends heavily on our ability to educate healthcare practitioners on the use of our products in wound care settings,
as healthcare practitioners play a significant role in determining the course of a patient&#8217;s treatment and the type of products,
if any, that will be used to treat the patient. Acceptance and adoption of our wound care products relies on educating healthcare practitioners
on the distinctive characteristics, benefits, safety, clinical efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of our products, including potential
comparisons to our competitors&#8217; products, and on training healthcare practitioners in the proper application of our products. However,
convincing healthcare practitioners to adopt new products and techniques is challenging, as they may be hesitant to change their medical
practices, and we may not be successful in these efforts. If healthcare practitioners are not adequately trained, they may use our products
ineffectively, resulting in unsatisfactory patient outcomes, negative publicity, or lawsuits against us. If we cannot convince healthcare
practitioners of the merits and advantages of our products compared to our competitors&#8217; products, they may not use our products,
and we will be unable to increase our sales and sustain growth or profitability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Interruptions
in the supply of our products or inventory loss may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
manufacturing and storage of our products requires specialized facilities and is subject to strict company and government standards.
Moreover, process deviations or unanticipated effects of approved process changes may result in noncompliance with regulatory requirements,
including stability requirements or specifications. Most of our products require storage and transportation within a specified temperature
range, and if environmental conditions deviate from that range, the safety and efficacy of our products could be adversely affected,
making them unsuitable for use. Severe weather conditions and natural disasters may make compliance with these processes and maintenance
of these standards more difficult, and climate change threatens more extreme weather events, which could increase our production risks.
For example, breeding of <i>Lucilia cuprina</i> maggots, which are the main component for our currently commercialized wound care products,
is subject to risks including changes in regulations, changes in the terms of the licenses granted to us from the relevant environmental
agencies in Singapore, shortages of raw materials, such as sterilization chemicals, and extreme temperature conditions such as insufficient
exposure to natural sunlight for prolonged periods and extreme temperatures that are either too high or too low, all of which could harm
breeding efficiency and output and impact profitability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
occurrence of actual or suspected production and distribution problems can lead to lost inventories, and in some cases recalls, with
consequential reputational damage and the risk of product liability. Additionally, the investigation and remediation of any identified
problems can cause production delays and result in substantial additional expenses. Any unforeseen failure in the storage of our products
or loss in supply could result in a loss of our market share and negatively affect our revenues and operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>If
we are unable to manage product inventory in an effective manner, our profitability could be impaired.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Many
factors affect the efficient use and planning of product inventory, such as the effectiveness of predicting demand, preparing manufacturing
to meet demand, meeting product mix and product demand requirements, and managing product expiration. Our currently commercialized wound
care products have a shelf life of between one day and two days, while our cosmeceutical products generally have a shelf life of between
24 months and 36 months. If we are unable to manage our product inventory efficiently or within expected budget goals or keep sufficient
finished and in-process products on hand to meet demand, our operating margins and long-term growth prospects could be impaired. We place
orders with our suppliers based on forecasts of demand, and our forecasts are based on management&#8217;s judgment and assumptions, each
of which may introduce errors into our estimates. If we overestimate customer demand, our excess or obsolete inventory may increase significantly,
reducing our gross margin and adversely affecting our financial results. Conversely, if we underestimate customer demand or if insufficient
manufacturing capacity is available, we would miss revenue opportunities, potentially lose market share, and damage our customer relationships.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Failure
of any third-party assessments to demonstrate desired outcomes in proposed endpoints could have a negative impact on our business performance.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
collaborators and certain third parties such as medical research institutions may conduct clinical studies regularly designed to test
the performance of our products and/or the underlying mechanism associated with our products and their use across a number of applications.
However, if a clinical study fails to demonstrate statistically significant results supporting performance, use benefits, or compelling
health economic outcomes from using our products or the underlying mechanism associated with our products, physicians may elect not to
use our products as a treatment for conditions that may benefit from them. Additionally, serious adverse events reported during the conduct
of a study could affect the continuation of the study, product marketing authorization by regulatory authorities, and product adoption
by healthcare professionals, or could cause regulatory authorities to impose other restrictions on the product or require additional
warning or precaution statements to appear on the product labeling.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we are unable to develop a body of statistically significant evidence from available clinical studies, whether due to adverse results
or inadequately designed studies, public and private payers could refuse to cover our products, limit the manner in which they cover
our products, or reduce the price they are willing to pay or reimburse for our products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Increased
prices for, or unavailability of, raw materials used in our products could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results
of operations.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
prices of the raw materials used in the manufacture of our products affect our profitability, and these prices may fluctuate based on
a number of factors beyond our control, including changes in supply and demand, general economic conditions, labor costs, fuel-related
delivery costs, competition, import duties, excises and other indirect taxes, currency exchange rates, and government regulation. However,
due to the highly competitive nature of the industries in which we operate and the cost consciousness of our customers and third-party
payors, we may be unable to pass along cost increases for key components or raw materials through higher prices to our customers. If
the cost of key components or raw materials increases and we are unable to fully recover these increased costs through price increases
or offset these increases through other cost reductions, we could experience lower margins and profitability. Significant increases in
the prices of raw materials that cannot be recovered through productivity gains, price increases, or other methods could adversely affect
our business, results of operations, and financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>If
we or our present and future R&amp;D partners are unable to adequately protect their respective intellectual property rights, we may
not be able to compete effectively.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Part
of our success depends on and will continue to be dependent on our and our present and future R&amp;D partners&#8217; ability to protect
proprietary rights to technologies used in certain of our products and to rely on patents and trade secrets to establish and maintain
proprietary rights in our technology and current and future products. However, these legal means afford only limited protection and may
not adequately protect our or our present and future R&amp;D partners&#8217; rights or permit us to gain or keep a competitive advantage.
Patents and patent applications we may have in the future may not be sufficient or broad enough to prevent competitors from introducing
similar products into the market.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
or our present and future R&amp;D partners&#8217; patents or attempts to enforce them may not be upheld by the courts and the damages
or other remedies awarded if we were to prevail in upholding such patents may not be commercially meaningful. Efforts to enforce any
of our or our present and future R&amp;D partners&#8217; proprietary rights could be time-consuming and expensive, which could adversely
affect our business and prospects and divert management&#8217;s attention.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furthermore,
the issuance of a patent, while presumed valid and enforceable, is not conclusive as to its validity or its enforceability and it may
not provide us with adequate proprietary protection or competitive advantages against competitors with similar products. Competitors
may also be able to design around the patents possessed by our present and future R&amp;D partners or the ones that we may have in the
future. Other parties may develop and obtain patent protection for more effective technologies, designs or methods. In addition, we may
not be able to prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of our technical knowledge or trade secrets by consultants, vendors, former
employees and current employees.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Patent
rights are territorial, and patent protection extends only to those countries where we have issued patents. Filing, prosecuting, and
defending patents on our products and product candidates in all countries and jurisdictions throughout the world would be prohibitively
expensive and their litigation processes differ. Competitors may successfully challenge or avoid our patents or manufacture products
in countries where we have not applied for patent protection. Changes in the patent laws in Singapore or other countries may diminish
the value of our patent rights. As a result of these and other factors, the scope, validity, enforceability, and commercial value of
our and our present and future R&amp;D partners&#8217; present and future patent rights are uncertain and unpredictable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
patent positions of life sciences companies and research institutions involve complex legal and factual questions, and, therefore, the
issuance, scope, validity, and enforceability of any patent claims that we and our present and future R&amp;D partners may obtain cannot
be predicted with certainty. Patents, if issued, may be challenged, deemed unenforceable, invalidated, or circumvented. A third-party
may submit prior patents, or we may become involved in opposition, derivation, reexamination, interparty review, post-grant review, supplemental
examination, or interference proceedings challenging our patent rights or the patent rights of our licensors or development partners.
The costs of defending or enforcing our proprietary rights in these proceedings can be substantial, and the outcome can be uncertain.
An adverse determination in any such submission or proceeding could reduce the scope of, or invalidate, our patent rights, allow third
parties to commercialize our technology or products and compete directly with us, or reduce our ability to manufacture or commercialize
products. Furthermore, if the scope or strength of protection provided by our patents and patent applications is threatened, it could
discourage companies from collaborating with us to license, develop, or commercialize current or future products. The ownership of our
proprietary rights could also be challenged.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
and our present and future R&amp;D partners&#8217; ability to enforce our respective intellectual property rights depends on the ability
to detect infringement. It is difficult to detect infringers who do not advertise the components that are used in their products. Moreover,
it may be difficult or impossible to obtain evidence of infringement in a competitor&#8217;s or potential competitor&#8217;s product,
particularly in litigation in countries that do not provide an extensive discovery procedure.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
maggot-based chronic wound care products are not currently protected by any pending patent application nor any unexpired patent. Currently,
the substantial majority of our net revenue is derived from the sale of maggot-based chronic wound care productions and such products
may be subject to competition from the sale of substantially equivalent products that could adversely affect our business and operations.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
maggot-based chronic wound care products, from which we derived 78.4% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023, and 71.2%
of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024, have no patent protection, and therefore, in order to continue to obtain commercial
benefits from them, we will rely on product manufacturing trade secrets, know-how, and related non-patent intellectual property, such
as potential regulatory rights that would require various resources to separately obtain. The effect of our maggot-based chronic wound
care products&#8217; lack of patent protection depends, among other things, upon the nature of the market and the position of our products
in the market from time to time, the size of the market, the complexities and economics of manufacturing a competitive product and applicable
regulatory approval requirements. In the event that competition develops substantially equivalent products, this competition could have
a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results. Trade secret protection is effective only against
wrongful acquisition, use, or disclosure of confidential information. A competitor can avoid a claim of trade secret misappropriation
by showing independent development without use of a trade secret owner&#8217;s information; however, this typically requires some time,
effort, and financial resources to develop independently. The entrance into the market of a product substantially equivalent to our maggot-based
chronic wound care products may erode our product&#8217;s market share, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
may be found to infringe on or violate the intellectual property rights of others.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may not have identified all patents, published applications or published literature that affect our business either by blocking our ability
to commercialize our products or R&amp;D candidates, by preventing the patentability of one or more aspects of our products or R&amp;D
candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that may affect our ability to market our products
and R&amp;D candidates. For example, we (or the licensor of a product or R&amp;D candidate to us) may not have conducted a patent clearance
search sufficient to identify potentially obstructing third party patent rights. Similarly, publication of discoveries in the scientific
or patent literature often lags behind actual discoveries. We cannot be certain that we or our licensors were the first to invent, or
the first to file, patent applications covering our products and candidates. We also may not know if our competitors filed patent applications
for technology covered by our pending applications or if we were the first to invent the technology that is the subject of our patent
applications. Competitors may have filed patent applications or received patents and may obtain additional patents and proprietary rights
that block or compete with our patents. Such third parties, including customers, may in the future assert claims or initiate litigation
related to exclusive patent, copyright, trademark, and other intellectual property rights to technologies and related standards that
are relevant to us, our operations, and our products. These assertions may emerge over time as a result of our growth and the general
increase in the pace of patent claim assertions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Because
of the existence of a large number of patents in the industries we operate, the secrecy of some pending patent applications and the rapid
rate of issuance of new patents, we believe that it is not economically practical or even possible to determine in advance whether a
product or any of its components is completely free of infringement of the patent rights of others even when we take reasonably objective
steps to determine what relevant patent rights might exist and, if so, to evaluate such patent rights relative to our proposed and actual
products and methods with patent counsel.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
asserted claims or initiated litigation can include claims against us or our manufacturers, suppliers or customers alleging infringement
of their proprietary rights with respect to our existing or future products or components of those products. We may not have sufficient
resources to bring these actions to a successful conclusion. In addition, intellectual property litigation or claims could force us to
cease developing, selling or otherwise commercializing one or more of our products; to pay substantial damages for past use of the asserted
intellectual property; to obtain a license from the holder of the asserted intellectual property, which may not be available on reasonable
terms, if at all; and redesign, or rename in the case of trademark claims, our product(s) to avoid such third party rights, which may
not be possible or which could be costly and time-consuming. Any of these risks coming to fruition could have a material adverse effect
on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects. Regardless of the merit of these claims, they can be time-consuming,
result in costly litigation and diversion of technical and management personnel, or require us to develop a non-infringing technology
or enter into license agreements. Where claims are made by customers, resistance even to unmeritorious claims could damage customer relationships.
There can be no assurance that licenses will be available on acceptable terms and conditions, if at all, or that our indemnification
by our suppliers will be adequate to cover our costs if a claim were brought directly against us or our customers. Furthermore, because
of the potential for high court awards that are not necessarily predictable, and the resources required to engage in a full defense of
such allegations, it is not unusual to find even arguably unmeritorious claims settled for significant amounts. If any infringement or
other intellectual property claim made against us by any third party is successful, or if we fail to develop non-infringing technology
or license the proprietary rights on commercially reasonable terms and conditions, our business could be materially and adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
are subject to various governmental regulations relating to the labeling, marketing and sale of our products.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Government
regulations by the Health Sciences Authority of Singapore, or HSA, and similar agencies in other countries and regions is a significant
factor in the development, manufacturing and marketing of our products and in the acquisition or licensing of new products. Complying
with government regulations is often time-consuming and expensive and may involve delays or actions adversely impacting the marketing
and sale of our current or future products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Following
initial regulatory approval or clearance of any products that we or our R&amp;D partners may develop, we and/or our R&amp;D partners
will be subject to continuing regulatory review, including, but not limited to, appropriate establishment registration and product listing
requirements; regulations governing the methods used in, and the facilities and controls used for, the design, manufacture, packaging,
labeling, storage, installation, and servicing of finished devices, drugs and/or biologics, as applicable; labeling requirements; and
adverse event reporting regulations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Failure
to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, the HSA or other governmental authorities:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">imposing
    fines and penalties on us;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">preventing
    us from manufacturing or selling our products;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">delaying
    or denying pending applications for approval or clearance of our products or of new uses or modifications to our existing products,
    or withdrawing or suspending current approvals or clearances;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ordering
    or requesting a recall of our products;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">issuing
    warning letters;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">imposing
    operating restrictions, including a partial or total shutdown of production or investigation of any or all of our products;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">refusing
    to permit the import or export of our products;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">detaining
    or seizing our products;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">obtaining
    injunctions preventing us from manufacturing or distributing any or all of our products;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">commencing
    criminal prosecutions or seeking civil penalties; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">requiring
    changes in our advertising and promotion practices.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Distribution
of our products is subject to extensive government regulation. These regulations, including the requirements for marketing authorizations
or product licenses necessary to bring a medical product to market, the time required for regulatory review and the sanctions imposed
for violations, vary from country to country. We do not know whether we will obtain the marketing authorizations or product licenses
necessary to market our products in such countries or that we will not be required to incur significant costs in obtaining or maintaining
these regulatory approvals.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Delays
in or changes to the clearance and approval processes or ongoing regulatory requirements from HSA or other regulatory authorities could
make it more difficult for us to obtain clearance or approval of new products or comply with ongoing requirements.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
government regulations may be enacted and changes in the relevant regulatory authorities&#8217; policies and regulations and their interpretation
and enforcement could prevent or delay regulatory clearance or approval of new products. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature, or
extent of adverse government regulation that may arise from future legislation or administrative action, either in Singapore or abroad.
Therefore, we do not know whether we or our present and future R&amp;D partners will be able to continue to comply with such regulations
or whether the costs of such compliance will have a material adverse effect on our business. Changes could, among other things, require
different labeling, monitoring of patients, interaction with physicians, education programs for patients or physicians, curtailment of
necessary supplies, or limitations on product distribution.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
changes could have an adverse effect on our business, and specifically, on the sales of affected products. The evolving and complex nature
of regulatory science and regulatory requirements, the broad authority and discretion of the relevant regulatory authorities, and the
generally high level of regulatory oversight results in a continuing possibility that from time to time, we will be adversely affected
by regulatory actions despite ongoing efforts and commitment to achieve and maintain full compliance with all regulatory requirements.
If we or our present and future R&amp;D partners are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may not be permitted to market our
products and our business would suffer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Failure
to obtain or maintain adequate reimbursement or insurance coverage for medical products, if any, could limit our ability to market those
products and decrease our ability to generate revenue. Changes in reimbursement policies and regulations by governmental or other third-party
payors may have an adverse impact on the use of our products.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
pricing, coverage, and reimbursement of our products, if any, must be sufficient to support our commercial efforts and other development
programs, and the availability and adequacy of coverage and reimbursement by third-party payors, including governmental and private insurers,
are essential for most patients to be able to afford medical treatments. Sales of our products depend substantially, both domestically
and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our products, if any, will be paid for or reimbursed by health maintenance, managed care,
and similar healthcare management organizations, or government payers and private payers. If coverage and reimbursement are not available,
or are available only in limited amounts, we may have to subsidize or provide medical products for free or we may not be able to successfully
commercialize our products.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
ability of our customers to obtain appropriate reimbursement for products and services from third-party payors is critical to the success
of our business because reimbursement status affects which products our customers purchase. In addition, our ability to obtain reimbursement
approval in foreign jurisdictions may affect our ability to expand our product offerings internationally. In addition, changes in healthcare
systems in Singapore or other countries where we currently offer or intend to offer products in a manner that significantly reduces reimbursement
for procedures using our products or denies coverage for these procedures would also have an adverse impact on the acceptance of our
products and the prices which our customers are willing to pay for them.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Moreover,
increasing efforts by governmental and private payers in Singapore and abroad to limit or reduce healthcare costs may result in restrictions
on coverage and the level of reimbursement for new medical products and, as a result, they may not cover or provide adequate payment
for our products. We expect to experience pricing pressures in connection with our products due to the increasing trend toward managed
healthcare, including the increasing influence of health maintenance organizations and additional legislative changes. The downward pressure
on healthcare costs in general, and prescription drugs or biologics in particular, has and is expected to continue to increase in the
future. As a result, profitability of our current or future products may be more difficult to achieve.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>If
our employees, distributors, customers, suppliers or other business partners engage in illegal, fraudulent, improper or unethical conduct,
such as bribery and corruption, we may be subject to potential liability and negative publicity, and our reputation as well as business
could be harmed.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are exposed to the risk that our employees, distributors, customers, suppliers, or other business partners we have contracted may engage
in illegal, fraudulent, improper or unethical conduct. Misconduct by these individuals and institutions could include intentional, reckless
and/or negligent conduct that violates the relevant laws and regulations, including those requiring the reporting of true, complete and
accurate information and data to regulatory authorities and those relating to data privacy and security, product quality, efficacy claims
and manufacturing standards, and other relevant laws and regulations in Singapore and other countries. Such misconduct could also involve
fraud, corruption, bribery (such as offering or accepting kickbacks and rebates that may constitute bribery), tax evasion and other illegal
practices. In addition, our business partners such as medical institutions and distributors may be subject to greater regulatory scrutiny
in their sales and operations and in particular, in their compliance with applicable anti-bribery and tax laws and regulations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
particular, sales, marketing and other business arrangements in our industry are subject to extensive laws and regulations intended to
prevent fraud, bribery, misconduct, kickbacks, self-dealing and other abusive practices. In recent years, regulatory scrutiny and enforcement
in sales, marketing and other business arrangements involving medical institutions, such as hospitals and aesthetic medicine service
providers, have increased, and regulations in our industry or those of our business partners may further tighten in the future. We could
be potentially liable for actions taken by our employees, distributors, customers, suppliers or other business partners that violate
anti-bribery, anti-corruption and other related laws and regulations in Singapore or other countries as well as suffer from negative
publicity associated with these actions, over which we may not have full control. Our employees or other third parties may fail to comply
with such laws and regulations, and the relevant government authorities with discretion may interpret the laws and regulations in a way
inconsistent with our understanding, both of which may expose us to potential risks and penalties. Although we had not been subject to
fines or penalties for any breach of such laws and regulations in the past, we cannot assure you that there will not be any such fines
or penalties imposed on us in the future. The risk of breaches by our employees, distributors, customers, suppliers or other business
partners, whether intentionally or inadvertently, could also potentially be higher in light of the recent regulatory scrutiny. We may
not be able to identify and deter any misconduct by such foregoing persons, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent such misconduct
may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other
actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. If any such actions are instituted against
us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could severely disrupt our business operations,
or result in failure to continue the marketing and sales of our products and obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
government authorities may seize the products involved in any illegal or improper conduct by our employees and other third parties, and
we may be subject to claims, fines or suspension of our operations. Our brands and reputation, business, results of operations and financial
position could be adversely affected if we are associated with any potential liabilities as well as negative publicity as a result of
illegal, fraudulent, improper or unethical conduct, or allegations of such, by our employees and other business partners.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Defects,
failures or quality issues associated with our products could materially adversely affect our reputation, business, results of operations
and financial condition.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Quality
is extremely important to us and our customers due to the serious and costly consequences of product failure. Quality and safety issues
may occur with respect to any of our products, and our future operating results will depend on our ability to maintain an effective quality
control system and effectively train and manage our workforce with respect to our quality system. The development, manufacture and control
of medical products are subject to extensive and rigorous regulation by numerous government agencies, including the HSA and similar foreign
agencies. Compliance with these regulatory requirements is subject to continual review and is monitored rigorously through periodic inspections
by the HSA and foreign regulatory authorities. The HSA and foreign regulatory authorities may also require post-market testing and surveillance
to monitor the performance of products cleared or approved for use in their jurisdictions. Our manufacturing facilities and those of
our suppliers are also subject to periodic regulatory inspections. If the HSA or other regulatory authorities were to conclude that we
or our suppliers have failed to comply with any of these requirements they could institute a wide variety of enforcement actions, ranging
from a public warning letter to more severe sanctions, such as product recalls or seizures, withdrawals, monetary penalties, consent
decrees, injunctive actions to halt the manufacture or distribution of products, import detentions of products, export restrictions,
restrictions on operations or other civil or criminal sanctions. Civil or criminal sanctions could be assessed against our officers,
employees, or us. Any adverse regulatory action, depending on its magnitude, may restrict us from effectively manufacturing, marketing,
and selling our products.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Relatedly,
we could face product liability lawsuits or other similar proceedings relating to actual or alleged injuries, defects, deficiencies,
failures, and/or representations relating to our products that could fall outside of the scope of our contractual indemnities. We do
not have, and do not anticipate obtaining, contractual indemnification from parties supplying raw materials or parties marketing the
products we sell. In any event, indemnification from the manufacturers of our products or from any other party is limited by the terms
of the indemnity and by the creditworthiness of the indemnifying party. A successful product liability claims or other applicable claim
or series of claims brought against us could result in judgments, fines, damages and liabilities that could have a material adverse effect
on our business. We may incur significant expense investigating and defending these claims, even if they do not result in liability.
Moreover, even if no judgments, fines, damages or liabilities are imposed on us, our reputation could suffer as a result of any such
claim, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the date of this Annual Report, we had not obtained the relevant product liability insurance for our commercialized wound care product
and are currently exploring the possibility of obtaining a product liability insurance for such product. Product liability insurance
for the healthcare industry may become prohibitively expensive, to the extent it is available at all. We may not be able to maintain
such insurance, should we decide to acquire it in the future, on acceptable terms or be able to secure increased coverage as commercialization
of our products progresses, nor can we be sure that existing or future claims against us will be covered by such product liability insurance.
In the event that we do not have adequate insurance or contractual indemnification, product liability claims relating to defective products
could have a material adverse effect on our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, we cannot predict the results of future legislative activity or future court decisions, any of which could increase regulatory
requirements, subject us to government investigations or expose us to unexpected litigation. Any regulatory action or litigation, regardless
of the merits, may result in substantial costs, divert management&#8217;s attention from other business concerns and place additional
restrictions on our sales or the use of our products. In addition, negative publicity, including regarding a quality or safety issue,
could damage our reputation, reduce market acceptance of our products, cause us to lose customers and decrease demand for our products.
Any actual or perceived quality issues may also result in issuance of physician&#8217;s advisories against our products or cause us to
conduct voluntary recalls. Any product defects or problems, regulatory action, litigation, negative publicity or recalls could disrupt
our business and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Failure
to maintain effective pricing strategies and any downward changes in the pricing of our products could have a significant adverse effect
on our business and results of operations.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
typically price our products by considering various factors, including market demand for products, our costs and expenses, different
product line positioning, prices of competing products or treatments, the overall competitive landscape, and the level of local economic
development. However, our pricing strategies may not always be effective and competitive, which may impact our ability to capture market
demand and generate revenue.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furthermore,
if our customers gain more bargaining power, they may demand a lower price from us, which would reduce our profitability. Also, if medical
institutions seek to lower the prices of our products and reduce the profitability of our distributors, our distributors may have less
incentive to purchase and promote our products, and we may need to lower the order price we set for our distributors. Additionally, with
the introduction of our new or competing products, or with voluntary price cuts by our competitors, we may be forced to lower the prices
for our products.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the prices of our products decline due to the aforementioned factors, and if we are unable to mitigate the adverse effects of such price
reduction without incurring substantial expenses to improve our products, our net profit margin may decrease accordingly. If our products
experience downward pricing pressures, we cannot guarantee that we can sustain our gross profit margin levels. Any decrease in our product
prices or decline in our gross profit margins in the future could materially and adversely affect our business, profitability, financial
condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
rely on third parties to manufacture and supply our products, and we may encounter delays or incur additional costs when we add/replace
manufacturers and suppliers for our products.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
2023, we established our cosmeceuticals business. As of the date of this Annual Report, we have three commercialized cosmeceutical products,
namely, MEND Skin Restoration Balm, ENDURE Muscle Energy Cream and Activ Labs Cool Relief Muscle Patch. For MEND Skin Restoration Balm,
we commissioned a Singapore-based original equipment manufacturer, or OEM, of skincare products to create the formulation and manufacture
the substantially finished products, which are packaged in our own facility. For ENDURE Muscle Energy Cream, we have contracted with
a Singapore-based pharmaceutical company to create the formula and manufacture the finished products for us in its own manufacturing
facility. For Activ Labs Cool Relief Muscle Patch, we have contracted with an OEM based in mainland China specializing in producing medical
and non-medical external preparations to create the formula for and manufacture the products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">While
our existing manufacturer partners have generally met our demand requirements on a timely basis, their ability and willingness to continue
to do so going forward may be limited for several reasons, including if any of our manufacturers&#8217; facilities suffer damage or a
force majeure event, our relative importance as a customer to each manufacturer or their inability to manufacture our products. An interruption
in our cosmeceuticals business could occur if we encounter delays or difficulties in securing these manufactured products if we cannot
obtain an acceptable substitute.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
process of identifying alternative manufacturing facilities for any other reason could be time-consuming and expensive, may result in
interruptions in our operations and product delivery, and could affect the performance specifications of our products. If we are required
to change any of our contract manufacturers, we will be required to verify that the new manufacturer maintains facilities, procedures
and operations that comply with our quality and applicable regulatory requirements, which could further impede our ability to manufacture
our products in a timely manner. We cannot assure you that we will be able to identify and engage alternative contract manufacturers
on similar terms or without delay. The occurrence of any of these events could harm our ability to meet the demand for our products in
a timely and cost-effective manner, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Negative
publicity involving us, the industry we operate in, our brands and products, our shareholders, directors, officers, or employees, as
well as distributors, suppliers or other parties we collaborate with, could have an adverse effect on our business and reputation.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
cosmeceutical industry and cosmeceutical products, including skincare products, have from time to time been subject to negative media
coverage or other negative publicity, which could affect our reputation and the confidence in our brands and products. Any negative publicity
concerning the industry, whether or not directly related to us, could negatively impact our reputation and business. For example, the
manufacturing, sales, distribution, or adoption of suboptimal quality products, unlicensed products, or products failing to meet relevant
regulatory requirements may result in negative implications for the industry as a whole, which may have an adverse impact on our reputation
and business. Additionally, our products may be perceived to cause severe adverse reactions if competing products or treatments containing
the same or similar ingredients or materials used for our products cause or are perceived to have caused severe adverse reactions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furthermore,
negative media coverage and publicity about us, our shareholders, directors, officers, and employees, as well as distributors, suppliers
or other parties we collaborate with, may threaten our reputation and disrupt our business operations. We may be required to devote significant
time and resources and incur substantial costs to defend against such negative publicity, which may materially and adversely affect our
business and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Any
negative publicity or misconduct regarding the key opinion leaders, or KOLs, that promote our products could also adversely affect our
business.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
collaborate with KOLs in relation to our marketing activities, but we cannot assure you that their endorsements will remain effective
and compatible with the messages that our brands and products aim to convey. Any deterioration in the image or misconduct of the KOLs,
including inappropriate speech, unethical behavior, non-compliance with relevant laws and regulations, or being banned from conducting
marketing activities, could have a significant impact on our brands and subsequently the sales of our products. In the event that we
need to replace the KOLs, we may not be able to find suitable candidates in a timely manner, which could disrupt our marketing plans
or incur additional costs.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
any of these situations occur, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Additionally, any legal actions, including litigation to enforce our rights to our brand names, may involve significant costs and divert
our limited resources. Any negative publicity or unauthorized use of our brand names by third parties may adversely affect the value
of our brand names, reputation, and business.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
are dependent on our key management and skilled personnel for our continued success and growth.</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
attribute our success and growth to-date largely to the contributions and expertise of our directors and executive officers, all of whom
have extensive experience in our business or relevant industries. Mr. Baptista, our founder and CTO, has been instrumental in our continued
success, formulating business strategies and spearheading the growth of our business. He possesses extensive industry and scientific
knowledge, is familiar with business operations and has established good relationships with customers, suppliers, technology partners
and medical institutions, among others. He is supported by our executive officers, who play an important role in implementing our overall
business strategy, managing our operations and executing our corporate development activities. Mr. David Quek Yong Qi, or Mr. Quek. our
CEO and a director, has a crucial role in the management of our employees. Before joining us, he held various managerial positions in
publicly listed companies. He has a deep understanding of our business operations and is responsible for fostering relationships with
our business partners and making strategic business decisions for us.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">However,
there is no assurance that we will be able to continue to retain the services of our key personnel. The resignation or the loss of the
services of Mr. Baptista, Mr. Quek or any of our directors, executive officers or other key personnel without suitable and timely replacement
or the inability to attract and retain qualified management personnel, may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations
and prospects. Further, in the event that we need to increase employee compensation levels substantially to attract and/or retain any
key management personnel, our costs may increase, and our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
continued success and growth are also dependent upon our ability to recruit and retain skilled and qualified personnel. Skilled personnel
with the appropriate experience in our industries are limited and competition for the employment of such personnel is intense. Even though
we intend to continue to devote significant resources to recruit, train and retain such personnel, there is no assurance that we will
be able to attract the necessary skilled personnel to work for us or that we will be able to retain the skilled personnel or that suitable
and timely replacements can be found for skilled personnel who leave us. Further, competition for skilled and qualified employees may
result in us having to pay higher wages to attract and retain our employees, which may result in higher labor costs and materially and
adversely affect our results of operations. If we are unable to continue to attract and retain skilled employees, this will adversely
affect our business and prospects.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
are exposed to foreign exchange risks.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have transactional currency exposure arising from purchases that are denominated in a currency other than our functional currencies.
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, 100.0% of our revenue were denominated in S$. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and
2024, approximately 1.4%, and 0.0% of our purchases, respectively, were denominated in foreign currencies including USD, MYR and RMB.
To the extent that our revenue, purchases and operating costs are not sufficiently matched in the same currency and to the extent that
there are timing differences between receipt and payment, we will be exposed to any adverse fluctuation in exchange rates. As a result,
our earnings may be adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
are exposed to risks associated with joint ventures or strategic alliances.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may seek opportunities for growth through acquisitions, joint ventures, investments and partnerships. We have entered into various joint
venture agreements with local partners in countries like Saudi Arabia. There is no assurance that any of these efforts will be successful.
The acquisitions and investments that we may make, or joint ventures and partnerships that we may enter into, may expose us to additional
business or operating risks or uncertainties, including but not limited to the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    inability to effectively integrate and manage the acquired businesses;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    inability to exert control over the actions of our joint venture partners, including any non-performance, default or bankruptcy of
    the joint venture partners;</span></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="margin: 0; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin: 0; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></p>

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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">time
    and resources expended to coordinate internal systems, controls, procedures and policies;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">disruption
    to ongoing business and diversion of our management&#8217;s time and attention from its day-to-day operations and other business
    concerns;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">risk
    of entering markets that we may have no or limited prior experience or dealing with new counterparties;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">potential
    loss of key employees and customers of our existing business and acquired businesses;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">risk
    that an investment or acquisition may reduce our future earnings; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">exposure
    to unknown liabilities.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
there are disagreements between us and our joint venture partners regarding the business and operations of our joint ventures, there
is no assurance that we will be able to resolve them in a manner that will be favorable to us. In addition, such joint venture partners
may (i) have economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with ours; (ii) take actions contrary to our instructions,
requests, policies or objectives; (iii) be unable or unwilling to fulfill their obligations; (iv) have financial difficulties; or (v)
have disputes with us as to the scope of their responsibilities and obligations. Any of these and other factors may adversely affect
the business and operations of our joint ventures, which may in turn adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial
position and prospects.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we are unable to successfully implement our growth strategy or are unable to address the risks associated with our acquisitions, joint
ventures, investments and partnerships, or if we encounter unforeseen difficulties, complications or delays frequently encountered in
connection with the integration of acquired businesses and the expansion of operations, or fail to achieve acquisition synergies, our
business, results of operations, financial position and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Adverse
conditions in the global financial markets and the general economy may adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial
position and prospects.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">While
our current business primarily operates in Singapore, our business, prospects, financial position and results of operations may be adversely
affected by political, economic, social and legal developments in Singapore and globally that are beyond our control. Such political
and economic uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risks of war, terrorism, changes in interest rates, rates of economic
growth, fiscal and monetary policies of the government, inflation, deflation, methods of taxation and tax policy, unemployment trends,
and other matters that influence consumer confidence, spending and tourism.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Further,
negative developments in geo-political events such as the US-China trade issues may bring uncertainty to the global economy. Any of such
issues may lead to retaliatory and/or threat of retaliatory measures being imposed on the relevant countries. This may lead to volatility
in the financial markets. The nature and extent of such changes are difficult to predict and may bring uncertainty to the global economy
and/or political environment. There is no assurance that we will be able to grow our business, or that we will be able to react promptly
to any change in economic conditions. If we fail to react promptly to the changing economic conditions, our performance and profitability
could be adversely affected. Our business, financial position, results of operations and prospects may be materially and adversely affected
if these conditions deteriorate in the future.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
cannot give assurance that our future plans will be successful.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
future plans include market expansion through strategic partnerships, expansion of product portfolio through development and innovation
and increasing brand awareness and strengthening brand loyalty, among others. The execution of our future plans may require substantial
capital expenditure, financial and management resources and/or may expose our business to unforeseen liabilities and risks associated
with entering into new markets or new businesses which we have no experience in. There is no assurance that such future plans will be
commercially successful and if we fail to manage our expansion efficiently, achieve the desired rate of return on our investments or
execute our plans or integrate them successfully with our business for any reason, our business, results of operations, financial position
and prospects may be adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
may need to incur additional costs in the event of disputes, claims, defects or delays.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may encounter disputes with our customers, suppliers and other collaborators in relation to non-compliance with contract specifications
and defects. There can be no assurance that any such disputes and claims will not result in protracted litigation, which will have a
negative impact on our results of operations and financial position. In the event that our customers suffer loss and damage due to defects
which may be attributable to us, they may claim against us, thereby adversely affecting our results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
face risks related to heightened inflation, recession, financial and credit market disruptions and other economic conditions.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
financial results, operations and forecasts depend significantly on worldwide economic and geopolitical conditions, the demand for our
products, and the financial condition of our customers and suppliers. Economic weakness and geopolitical uncertainty have in the past
resulted, and may result in the future, in reduced demand for products resulting in decreased sales, margins and earnings. In 2022, Singapore
experienced sustained heightened inflationary pressures which have continued into 2023 and 2024. According to the Monetary Authority
of Singapore, the core inflation rate in Singapore averaged 44.2% in 2023, and 2.7% in 2024. Based on the recent publication from the
Monetary Authority of Singapore on January 24, 2025, the core inflation rate in Singapore is projected to average 1.0% to 2.0% in 2025.
We may not be able to fully mitigate the impact of inflation through price increases, productivity initiatives and cost savings, which
could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, if the Singapore economy enters a recession, we may experience
sales declines which could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Similarly,
disruptions in financial and/or credit markets may impact our ability to manage normal commercial relationships with our customers, suppliers
and creditors. Further, in the event of a recession or threat of a recession, our customers and suppliers may suffer their own financial
and economic challenges and as a result they may demand pricing accommodations, delay payment, or become insolvent, which could harm
our ability to meet our customer demands or collect revenue or otherwise could harm our business. An economic or credit crisis could
occur and impair credit availability and our ability to raise capital when needed. A disruption in the financial markets could impair
our banking or other business partners, on whom we rely for access to capital. In addition, changes in tax or interest rates in Singapore
or other nations, whether due to recession, economic disruptions or other reasons, could have an adverse effect on our operating results.
Economic weakness and geopolitical uncertainty may also lead us to impair assets, take restructuring actions or adjust our operating
strategy and reduce expenses in response to decreased sales or margins. We may not be able to adequately adjust our cost structure in
a timely fashion, which could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. Uncertainty about economic conditions
may increase foreign currency volatility in markets in which we transact business, which could have an adverse effect on our operating
results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
are subject to credit risk arising from some of our customers, and our failure to collect on accounts receivable from our customers may
have a material adverse effect on our business operations and financial condition.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
typically grant credit periods to our customers. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, our net accounts receivables were SS$50,819, and S$26,389
(US$19,399), respectively. As a result, we may be exposed to credit risk. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, we made S$49,147 and S$49,147
(US$36,130) of allowance for current expected credit loss for our gross accounts receivable, respectively. For further information, please refer
to &#8220;Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Accounts receivable, net&#8221;
in the report. Although we have adopted a series of strict management measures, we may not be able to collect all accounts receivable
due to a variety of factors that are outside of our control. If the relationship between us and any of our customers or distributors
is terminated or deteriorates, or if our customers and distributors experience financial difficulties, our corresponding accounts receivable
might be adversely affected in terms of recoverability, and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially
and adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
require adequate working capital for our operations.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
require adequate funding either from internal resources, credit from our suppliers or bank borrowings to fund the working capital of
our business. The availability of credit and the credit terms extended to us by our suppliers could depend on factors such as the length
of our business relationship with them, their evaluation of our creditworthiness, the size of the orders placed with them and our payment
track record. Our ability to obtain adequate financing on terms which are acceptable to us depends on a number of factors such as our
financial strength, our creditworthiness and our prospects, and other factors that are beyond our control, including general economic,
liquidity and political conditions, the terms on which financial institutions are willing to extend credit to us, and the availability
of other sources of debt financing or equity financing. If we are unable to secure adequate financing, our business, results of operations,
financial position and prospects may be adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
are dependent on a few of our major customers.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are dependent on our major customers which primarily consist of public and private hospitals in Singapore. For the years ended December
31, 2023 and 2024, sales to our five largest customers collectively accounted for approximately 81.2% and 71.2%, respectively, of our
total revenue, and sales to our largest customer accounted for approximately 22.0%, and 23.8%, respectively, of our total revenue. There
is no assurance that we will be able to retain our major customers or continue to receive orders from them at current levels or prices.
Any material cancellations, reduction in orders or prices and/or claims for whatever reasons by any of our major customers, may result
in a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, our bargaining position with our customers, such as those who transact with government bodies or agencies, may be such that
they may be able to modify the terms of our agreements from time to time to our detriment notwithstanding the requirement for any such
modification to be agreed in writing by both parties. If any of these events were to occur, our business, results of operations and financial
position may be adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
are dependent on a few of our major suppliers.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are dependent on our major suppliers which primarily consist of those suppliers who provide raw materials used for the production of
our MEDIFLY products or, starting from April 2023, who produce substantially finished and finished cosmeceutical products for us. For
the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, our purchases from our five largest suppliers collectively accounted for 88.7%, and 85.4%,
respectively, of our cost of sales, and purchases from our largest supplier accounted for approximately 34.6%, and 67.4%, respectively,
of our total cost of sales.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
cannot assure you that our major suppliers will continue to supply their products in the quantities and timeframes required by us to
meet the needs of our customers. If our major suppliers do not supply products to us in a timely manner or in sufficient quantities,
our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, in the event of any delay
in delivery of the products to us, our cashflow or working capital may be materially and adversely affected as a result of the corresponding
delay in delivery of our products to our customers, and hence the delay in our receipt of payment from our customers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>The
reduction or discontinuation of government grants currently available to us may have a material adverse effect on our business operations
and financial condition.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have received government grants in the amount of S$36,086, and S$41,351 (US$30,398) for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively,
pursuant to the Jobs Support Scheme and Jobs Growth Incentive from the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore, which is designed to support
and encourage local hiring in Singapore. The amounts of and conditions attached to such government grants were determined at the sole
discretion of the relevant authorities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
cannot assure you that we will continue to receive such government grants or that the amount of any such government grants will not be
reduced in the future. Even if we continue to be eligible to receive such government grants, we cannot guarantee that any conditions
attached to the grants will be as favorable to us as they have historically been. Reduction or discontinuation of these government grants
could adversely affect our results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
historical growth and performance may not be indicative of our future growth and performance.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Although
we have experienced growth in the past, we may fail to continue our growth or maintain our historical growth rates. You should not consider
our historical growth and profitability as indicative of our future financial performance. You should consider our future operations
in light of the challenges and uncertainties that we may encounter, which include our ability to, among other things:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">successfully
    increase our market share, brand recognition and reputation;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">develop
    our infrastructure to enhance service efficiency and customer experience;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">retain
    existing customers and attract new customers;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">continue
    to develop our technology and enhance our data insights;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">adapt
    our operations to new policies, regulations and measures that may come into effect from time to time;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">deliver
    compelling value propositions to our customers; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">expand
    into new jurisdictions and/or product lines.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
cannot assure you that we will be able to sustain our past financial performances in future periods, and we may not be able to sustain
profitability on a quarterly, interim or annual basis in the future. Our interim results, growth rates and profitability may not be indicative
of our annual results or our future results. In addition, our historical interim and annual results, growth rates and profitability may
not be indicative of our future performance for the corresponding periods. Our Class A Ordinary Shares could be subject to significant
price volatility should our earnings fail to meet the expectations of investors. Any of these events could cause the price of our Shares
to materially decrease.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Moreover,
when we become a publicly-listed company, we will be required to ensure continuing compliance with the applicable laws and regulations.
Some of these efforts to ensure compliance will require our substantial resources and compliance costs, including our rectification measures
to make required contributions to the social insurance and the housing provident fund for certain of our employees. These compliance
costs will likely impact our results of operations and financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>As
a part of our business strategy, we plan to expand our business operations into new geographic markets including mainland China and Hong
Kong, which could subject us to rules, regulations and influence of regulators in those jurisdictions.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a part of our business strategy, we plan to expand our business operations into new geographic markets including mainland China and Hong
Kong. We have been selling our MEDIFLY products in Hong Kong since March 2023 and we are currently working with a local partner to make
our MEDIFLY products commercially available in mainland China. Going forward, we intend to introduce additional products into both markets.
In addition, we have established subsidiaries in both Hong Kong and mainland China in preparation for our future business operations
in these two regions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
PRC legal system is evolving rapidly, and the PRC laws, regulations, and rules may change quickly with little advance notice. In particular,
because these laws, rules and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited number of published decisions and the non-precedential
nature of these decisions, the interpretation of these laws, rules and regulations may contain inconsistences, the enforcement of which
involves uncertainties. The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over many sectors of the PRC economy
through regulation and/or state ownership. Government actions have had, and may continue to have, a significant effect on economic conditions
in the PRC and businesses which are subject to such government actions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
currently do not generate revenue from mainland China. However, if we were to become subject to the direct intervention or influence
of the PRC government at any time due to changes in laws or other unforeseeable reasons or as a result of our future development, expansion
or acquisition of operations in the PRC, it may require a material change in our operations and/or result in increased costs necessary
to comply with existing and newly adopted laws and regulations or penalties for any failure to comply. In addition, the market prices
of our Class A Ordinary Shares could be adversely affected as a result of anticipated negative impacts of any such government actions,
as well as negative investor sentiment towards companies subject to PRC government oversight and regulation, regardless of our actual
operating performance. There can be no assurance that the PRC government would not intervene in or influence our operations at any time.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
were not required to obtain permission from the PRC government to list on a U.S. securities exchange, however there is no guarantee that
this will continue to be the case in the future in relation to the continued listing of our securities on a securities exchange outside
of the PRC, or even when such permission is obtained, it will not be subsequently denied or rescinded. Any actions by the PRC government
to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investments in issuers with PRC and/or
Hong Kong operations could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors
and cause the value of our securities, including our Class A Ordinary Shares, to decline.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, to operate our business in Hong Kong and mainland China, from time to time, we may be required to obtain additional permits
or approvals from the relevant authorities. The process of obtaining these permits or approvals can be time-consuming, complex, and subject
to uncertainties. Delays or failures in obtaining the necessary permissions or approvals could hinder our ability to operate, expand
our business, or introduce new products. This could have a negative impact on our financial performance and prospects.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
one of the conditions for the handover of the sovereignty of Hong Kong to China, the PRC government accepted conditions such as Hong
Kong&#8217;s Basic Law. The Basic Law ensured Hong Kong will retain its own currency, i.e. Hong Kong Dollar, legal system, parliamentary
system and people&#8217;s rights and freedom for 50 years from 1997. This agreement has given Hong Kong the freedom to function with
a high degree of autonomy. Hong Kong is responsible for its own domestic affairs including, but not limited to, the judiciary and courts
of last resort, immigration and customs, public finance, currencies and extradition. Hong Kong continues to use the English common law
system.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">However,
if the PRC government attempts to alter its agreement to allow Hong Kong to function autonomously, this could potentially impact Hong
Kong&#8217;s common law legal system and may in turn bring about uncertainty in, for example, the enforcement of our contractual rights.
This could, in turn, materially and adversely affect our business and operations. Additionally, intellectual property rights and confidentiality
protections in Hong Kong may not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. Accordingly, we cannot predict the effect
of future developments in the Hong Kong legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation
or enforcement thereof, or the preemption of local regulations by national laws. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections
available to us, including our ability to enforce our agreements with our customers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
are a &#8220;controlled company&#8221; within the meaning of the rules of Nasdaq and, as a result, rely on exemptions from certain
corporate governance requirements that provide protection to shareholders of other companies.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We are a &#8220;controlled company&#8221; as defined under the rules of Nasdaq because Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd., holds more
than 50% of the aggregate voting power of our total issued and outstanding share capital. For so long as we remain a controlled company
under that definition, we are permitted to elect to rely, and will rely, on certain exemptions from corporate governance rules, including
exemptions from the rule that a nomination and corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors and a compensation
committee composed entirely of independent directors. As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of
companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Risks
Relating to Doing Business in Singapore</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>It
may be difficult for you to enforce any judgment obtained in the United States against us, our directors, executive officers or our affiliates.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. We conduct our operations outside the United States and, except for
certain of our investments, substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, all of our directors
and executive officers reside outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult to enforce in the United States any judgment
obtained in the United States against us or any of these persons, including judgments based upon the civil liability provisions of the
U.S. securities laws. In addition, in original actions brought in courts in jurisdictions located outside the United States, it may be
difficult for investors to enforce liabilities based upon U.S. securities laws.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Even
if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands, Singapore or other relevant jurisdiction may
render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. For more information regarding
the relevant laws of the Cayman Islands and Singapore, see &#8220;Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, holders of book-entry interests in the shares (for example, where such shareholders hold shares indirectly through the DTC)
will be required to be registered shareholders as reflected in our register of members in order to have standing to bring a shareholder
action and, if successful, to enforce a foreign judgment against us, our directors or our executive officers in the Singapore courts.
Any such enforcement action would be subject to applicable Singapore laws. The administrative process of becoming a registered shareholder
could result in delays that could be prejudicial to any legal proceeding or enforcement action. In making a determination as to enforceability
of a judgment of a state court or a federal court of the United States, the Singapore courts would have regard to, among others, whether
the judgment was final and conclusive, given by a court of law of competent jurisdiction, expressed to be for a fixed sum of money, whether
it was procured by fraud, or in breach of principles of natural justice, or whether the enforcement thereof would be contrary to public
policy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accordingly,
there can be no assurance that the Singapore courts would enforce against us, our directors or our executive officers, judgments obtained
in the United States which are predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>The
ability of our subsidiary in Singapore to distribute dividends to us may be subject to restrictions under applicable laws</i></b>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are a holding company, and our primary subsidiary is located in Singapore. Part of our primary internal sources of funds to meet our
cash needs is our share of the dividends, if any, paid by our subsidiary. The distribution of dividends to us from our subsidiary is
subject to restrictions imposed by the applicable laws and regulations in these markets. In addition, although there are currently no
foreign exchange control regulations which restrict the ability of our subsidiary in Singapore to distribute dividends to us, the relevant
regulations may be changed and the ability of our subsidiary to distribute dividends to us may be restricted in the future.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>It
is not certain if we will be classified as a Singapore tax resident.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
the Income Tax Act 1947 of Singapore, or the Income Tax Act, a company established outside Singapore but whose governing body, being
the board of directors, usually exercises de facto control and management of its business in Singapore could be considered a tax resident
in Singapore. However, such control and management of the business should not be deemed to be in Singapore if physical board meetings
are conducted outside of Singapore. Where board resolutions are passed in the form of written consent signed by the directors each acting
in their own jurisdictions, or where the board meetings are held by teleconference or videoconference, it is possible that the place
of de facto control and management will be considered to be where the majority of the board are located when they sign such consent or
attend such conferences.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that the Company, which is a Cayman Islands exempted company, is not a Singapore tax resident for Singapore income tax purposes.
However, the tax residence status of the Company is subject to determination by the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore, or IRAS, and
uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term &#8220;control and management&#8221; for the purposes of the Income
Tax Act. If IRAS determines that the Company. is a Singapore tax resident for Singapore income tax purposes, the portion of the Company&#8217;s
single company income on an unconsolidated basis that is received or deemed by the Income Tax Act to be received in Singapore, where
applicable, may be subject to Singapore income tax at the prevailing tax rate of 17% before applicable income tax exemptions or relief.
If the Company is regarded as a Singapore tax resident, any dividends received or deemed received by the Company in Singapore from our
subsidiary located in a foreign jurisdiction with a rate of income tax or tax of a similar nature of no more than 15% may generally be
subject to additional Singapore income tax where there is no other applicable tax treaty between such foreign jurisdiction and Singapore.
Income is considered to have been received in Singapore when it is: (i) remitted to, transmitted or brought into Singapore; (ii) applied
in or towards satisfaction of any debt incurred in respect of a trade or business carried on in Singapore; or (iii) applied to purchase
any movable property that is brought into Singapore. In addition, as Singapore does not impose withholding tax on dividends declared
by Singapore resident companies, if the Company is considered a Singapore tax resident, dividends paid to the holders of our Class A
Ordinary Shares will not be subject to withholding tax in Singapore. Regardless of whether or not the Company is regarded as a Singapore
tax resident, holders of our Class A Ordinary Shares who are not Singapore tax residents would generally not be subject to Singapore
income tax on gains derived from the disposal of our Class A Ordinary Shares if such shareholders do not maintain a permanent establishment
in Singapore, to which the disposition gains may be effectively connected, and the entire process (including the negotiation, deliberation,
execution of the acquisition and sale, etc.) leading up to the actual acquisition and sale of our Class A Ordinary Shares is performed
outside of Singapore. For Singapore resident shareholders, if the gain from disposal of our Class A Ordinary Shares is considered by
IRAS as income in nature, such gain will generally be subject to Singapore income tax, and not taxable in Singapore if the gain is considered
by IRAS as capital gains in nature. See &#8220;Taxation&#8212;Singapore Tax.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Any
adverse material changes to the Singapore market (whether localized or resulting from economic or other conditions) such as the occurrence
of an economic recession, pandemic or widespread outbreak of an infectious disease (such as COVID-19), could have a material adverse
effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition</i></b>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
adverse circumstances affecting the Singapore market, such as an economic recession, epidemic outbreak or natural disaster or other adverse
incidents may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Any downturn in the industry which
we operate in resulting in the postponement, delay or cancellation of contracts and delay in recovery of receivables is likely to have
an adverse impact on our business and profitability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Uncertain
global economic conditions have had and may continue to have an adverse impact on our business in the form of lower revenues due to weakened
demand or lower profit margins.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
economic downturns or recessions, there can be a heightened competition for our services and increased pressure to reduce our advisory
fees as our clients may reduce their demand for our services. If we lose significant fee volume or reduce the level of our advisory fees
significantly, then there could be a negative impact on our combined financial condition or results of operations, profitability and
cash flows.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reduced
availability of credit may also adversely affect the ability of some of our clients to obtain funds for operations and capital expenditures.
This could additionally result in reduced or delayed collections of outstanding accounts receivable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">An
epidemic or outbreak of communicable diseases may also adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and
prospects. The outbreak of COVID-19 has previously resulted in a global health crisis, causing disruptions to social and economic activities,
business operations and supply chains worldwide, including in Singapore. Measures taken by the Singapore government to tackle the spread
of COVID-19 have included, among others, border closures, quarantine measures and lockdown measures. As of September 30, 2024, Singapore
has removed all remaining COVID-19 border.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Further,
the continuity of our operations will partially depend on the availability of our people and office facilities and the proper functioning
of our computer, software, telecommunications, transaction processing, and other related systems. A disaster or a disruption in the infrastructure
that supports our businesses, a disruption involving electronic communications or other services used by us or third parties with whom
we conduct business, or a disruption that directly affects our business exposure and operations in Singapore, could have a material adverse
impact on our ability to continue to operate our business without interruption.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
revenue and profitability may be materially affected if any health epidemic or virus outbreak occurs and affected the overall economic
and market conditions in Singapore for a prolonged period of time. Such an economic slowdown and/or negative business sentiment could
potentially have an adverse impact on our business and operations. We are uncertain as to when a health epidemic or virus outbreak will
be contained, and we also cannot predict if the impact of an outbreak will be short-lived or long-lasting or when the Singapore market
will be able to fully recover to pre- health epidemic or virus outbreak levels. If these disruptions are for a prolonged period of time,
or if there are further outbreaks of infectious diseases, these may have a material adverse effect on our Group&#8217;s business, financial
condition, results of operations, and prospects.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Risks
Relating to Our Class A Ordinary Shares</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
may not maintain the listing of our Class A Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq which could limit investors&#8217; ability to make transactions
in Class A Ordinary Shares and subject us to additional trading restrictions.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
order to continue listing our shares on the Nasdaq, we must maintain certain financial and share price levels and we may be unable to
meet these requirements in the future. We cannot assure you that our shares will continue to be listed on the Nasdaq in the future.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the Nasdaq delists our Class A Ordinary Shares and we are unable to list our shares on another national securities exchange, we expect
our shares could be quoted on an over-the-counter market in the United States. If this were to occur, we could face significant material
adverse consequences, including:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
    limited availability of market quotations for our Class A Ordinary Shares;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reduced
    liquidity for our Class A Ordinary Shares;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
    determination that our Class A Ordinary Shares are &#8220;penny stock&#8221;, which will require brokers trading in our shares to
    adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our
    Class A Ordinary Shares;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
    limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
    decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
long as our Class A Ordinary Shares are listed on the Nasdaq, U.S. federal law prevents or pre-empts the states from regulating their
sale. However, the law does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of
fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar their sale. Further, if we were no longer listed on the Nasdaq, we would be
subject to regulations in each state in which we offer our shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
corporate actions are significantly influenced by our directors, officers and principal shareholders, who have the ability to exert significant
influence over important corporate matters that require approval of shareholders while their interests may differ from those of the other
shareholders.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to our memorandum and articles of association, our authorized share capital is divided into Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary
Shares. Each Class A Ordinary Share is entitled to one vote and each Class B Ordinary Share is entitled to 10 votes at general meetings
of our shareholders. We have issued Class A Ordinary Shares in our IPO. Each Class B Ordinary Share is convertible into one Class A Ordinary
Share at any time at the option of the holder thereof, while Class A Ordinary Shares are not convertible into Class B Ordinary Shares
under any circumstances.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Due
to the disparate voting powers attached to these two classes of ordinary shares, our directors, officers and principal shareholders hold
directly and/or beneficially in aggregate 100.0% of our issued Class B Ordinary Shares, representing 65.7% of our total issued and outstanding
share capital immediately after our IPO and they are able to exercise 95.0% of the total voting power of our issued and outstanding share
capital immediately following our IPO, assuming that the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option to purchase additional
Class A Ordinary Shares. You will experience further dilution to the extent that any additional Class B Ordinary Shares are issued in
the future. As a result, our directors, officers and principal shareholders will have considerable influence over matters such as electing
directors and approving material mergers, acquisitions or other business combination transactions. This concentrated control will limit
your ability to influence corporate matters and could also discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change
of control transactions, which could have the effect of depriving the holders of our Class A Ordinary Shares of the opportunity to sell
their shares at a premium over the prevailing market price.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>The
dual-class structure of our ordinary shares may adversely affect the trading market for our Class A Ordinary Shares.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain
shareholder advisory firms have announced changes to their eligibility criteria for inclusion of ordinary shares of public companies
on certain indices, including the S&amp;P 500, that would exclude companies with multiple classes of shares and companies whose public
shareholders hold no more than 5% of the total voting power from being added to such indices. In addition, several shareholder advisory
firms have announced their opposition to the use of multiple class structures. As a result, the dual-class structure of our ordinary
shares may prevent the inclusion of our Class A Ordinary Shares in such indices and may cause shareholder advisory firms to publish negative
commentary about our corporate governance practices or otherwise seek to cause us to change our capital structure. Any such exclusion
from stock indices could result in a less active trading market for our Class A Ordinary Shares. Any actions or publications by shareholder
advisory firms critical of our corporate governance practices or capital structure could also adversely affect the value of our Class
A Ordinary Shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>The
trading price of our Class A Ordinary Shares may be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
trading price of our Class A Ordinary Shares may be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen
because of the broad market and industry factors, like the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business
operations located mainly in Singapore that have listed their securities in the United States. In addition to market and industry factors,
the price and trading volume for our shares may be highly volatile for factors specific to our own operations, including the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">fluctuations
    in our revenues, earnings and cash flow;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">changes
    in financial estimates by securities analysts;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">additions
    or departures of key personnel;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">release
    of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding equity securities or sales of additional equity securities; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">potential
    litigation or regulatory investigations.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
of these factors may result in significant and sudden changes in the volume and price at which our shares will trade.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>If
securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations
regarding our Class A Ordinary Shares, the market price for our Class A Ordinary Shares and trading volume could decline.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
trading market for our shares will be influenced by research or reports that industry or securities analysts publish about our business.
If one or more analysts downgrade our shares, the market price for our shares would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts
cease to cover us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could
cause the market price or trading volume for our shares to decline.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>The
sale or availability for sale of substantial amounts of our Class A Ordinary Shares could adversely affect their market price.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sales
of substantial amounts of our Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could
adversely affect the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares and could materially impair our ability to raise capital through
equity offerings in the future. The 3,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares sold in our IPO closed in April 2025 and 450,000
over-allotment Class A Ordinary Shares sold in May 2025 are freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the
Securities Act. There are 7,365,000 Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately as at the date of this Annual Report.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">We, our directors, executive officers and holders
of 5% or more of our ordinary shares or securities convertible into or exercisable for ordinary shares have agreed,
subject to limited exceptions, not to sell any shares until six (6) months after the date of our IPO without the prior written consent
of the underwriter. However, the underwriter may release these securities from these restrictions at any time. We cannot predict what
effect, if any, market sales of securities held by our controlling shareholder or any other shareholder or the availability of these
securities for future sale will have on the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Short
selling may drive down the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short
selling is the practice of selling shares that the seller does not own but rather has borrowed from a third party with the intention
of buying identical shares back at a later date to return to the lender. The short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the value
of the shares between the sale of the borrowed shares and the purchase of the replacement shares, as the short seller expects to pay
less in that purchase than it received in the sale. As it is in the short seller&#8217;s interest for the price of the shares to decline,
many short sellers publish, or arrange for the publication of, negative opinions and allegations regarding the relevant issuer and its
business prospects in order to create negative market momentum and generate profits for themselves after selling the shares short. These
short attacks have, in the past, led to selling of shares in the market. If we were to become the subject of any unfavorable publicity,
whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we would have to expend a significant amount of resources to investigate such
allegations and/or defend ourselves. While we would strongly defend against any such short seller attacks, we may be constrained in the
manner in which we can proceed against the relevant short seller by principles of freedom of speech, applicable state law or issues of
commercial confidentiality.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Because
we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, you must rely on price appreciation of our Class A Ordinary Shares for a
return on your investment.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
currently intend to retain all of our available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our
business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not rely on an investment
in our shares as a source for any future dividend income. Our directors have complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends,
subject to certain requirements of the relevant laws. Even if our directors decide to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and
form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements
and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions
and other factors as determined by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in our Class A Ordinary Shares
will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of our Class A Ordinary Shares. There is no guarantee that our Class A
Ordinary Shares will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which you purchased our Class A Ordinary Shares.
You may not realize a return on your investment in our Class A Ordinary Shares and you may even lose your entire investment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Certain
recent initial public offerings of companies with public floats comparable to our anticipated public float have experienced extreme volatility
that was seemingly unrelated to the underlying performance of the respective company. We may experience similar volatility, which may
make it difficult for prospective investors to assess the value of our Ordinary Shares</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Class A Ordinary Shares may be subject to extreme volatility that is seemingly unrelated to the underlying performance of our business.
Recently, companies with comparable public floats and initial public offering sizes have experienced instances of extreme stock price
run-ups followed by rapid price declines, and such stock price volatility was seemingly unrelated to the respective company&#8217;s underlying
performance.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Although
the specific cause of such volatility is unclear, our anticipated public float may amplify the impact the actions taken by a few shareholders
have on the price of our Class A Ordinary Shares, which may cause the price of our Class A Ordinary Shares to deviate, potentially significantly,
from a price that better reflects the underlying performance of our business. Should our Class A Ordinary Shares experience run-ups and
declines that are seemingly unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance and financial condition or prospects, prospective
investors may have difficulty assessing the rapidly changing value of our Class A Ordinary Shares. In addition, investors of our Class
A Ordinary Shares may experience losses, which may be material, if the price of our Class A Ordinary Shares declines or
if such investors purchase shares of our Class A Ordinary Shares prior to any price decline.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>If
we are classified as a passive foreign investment company, United States taxpayers who own our securities may have adverse United States
federal income tax consequences.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are a non-U.S. corporation and, as such, we will be classified as a passive foreign investment company, which is known as a PFIC, for
any taxable year if, for such year, either:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
at least 75% of our gross income for the year is passive income; or</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
the average percentage of our assets (determined at the end of each quarter) during the taxable year that produced passive income or
that are held for the production of passive income is at least 50%.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Passive
income generally includes dividends, interest, rents, royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade
or business) and gains from the disposition of passive assets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we are a PFIC for any taxable year (or portion thereof) that is included in the holding period of a U.S. taxpayer who holds our securities,
the U.S. taxpayer may be subject to increased U.S. federal income tax liability and may be subject to additional reporting requirements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">It
is possible that, for our current taxable year or for any subsequent year, more than 50% of our assets may be assets which produce passive
income. For purposes of the PFIC analysis, in general, a non-U.S. corporation is deemed to own its pro rata share of the gross income
and assets of any entity in which it is considered to own at least 25% of the equity by value.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
may need additional capital, and we may be unable to obtain such capital in a timely manner or on acceptable terms, or at all.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Growing
and operating our business will require significant cash investments, capital expenditures and commitments to respond to business challenges,
including developing or enhancing new or existing services and technologies and expanding our infrastructure. If cash on hand, cash generated
from operations are not sufficient to meet our cash and liquidity needs, we may need to seek additional
capital, potentially through debt or equity financings. We may not be able to raise required cash on terms acceptable to us, or at all.
Such financings may be on terms that are dilutive or potentially dilutive to our shareholders, and the prices at which new investors
would be willing to purchase our securities may be lower than the initial public offering price or the then-current market price per
share of our Class A Ordinary Shares. The holders of new securities may also have rights, preferences, or privileges that are senior
to those of existing stockholders. If new financing sources are required, but are insufficient or unavailable, we may need to modify
our growth and operating plans and business strategies based on available funding, if any, which would harm our ability to grow our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
are an emerging growth company and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are an &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221;, as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various
requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, most significantly, not being required
to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section 404, for so long as
we are an emerging growth company. As a result, if we elect not to comply with such auditor attestation requirements, our investors may
not have access to certain information they may deem important.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards
until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. In other words,
an &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise
apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the extended transition period, although we have already adopted certain
new and revised accounting standards based on transition guidance permitted under such standards. As a result of this election, our future
financial statements may not be comparable to other public companies that comply with the public company effective dates for these new
or revised accounting standards.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to
United States domestic public companies.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Because
we are a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations
in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K with the SEC;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered
under the Exchange Act;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and liability
for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material non-public information under Regulation FD.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will be required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four (4) months after the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we intend
to publish our financial results on a semi-annual basis through press releases distributed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the
Nasdaq. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the
information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be
filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made
available to you if you were investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>As
a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance
matters that differ significantly from Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance
matters that differ significantly from the corporate governance listing requirements of the Nasdaq. These practices may afford less protection
to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with corporate governance listing requirements of the Nasdaq.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> We rely on home country practice to be exempted from certain of the corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq as
long as we qualify as a foreign private issuer including to: (i) have a majority of directors being independent; (ii) provide an annual
certification by our chief executive officer that he or she is not aware of any non-compliance with any corporate governance rules of
the Nasdaq; (iii) have regularly scheduled executive sessions with independent directors; and (iv) obtain shareholder approval prior
to an issuance of securities in connection with (a) the acquisition of stock or assets of another company; (b) equity-based compensation
of officers, directors, employees or consultants; (c) a change of control; and (d) transactions other than public offerings.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses to us.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, and therefore, we are not required to comply with all of the periodic disclosure
and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. The determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last
business day of an issuer&#8217;s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. In the future, we would lose our foreign private issuer
status if (1) more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are owned by U.S. residents and (2) a majority of our directors or executive
officers are U.S. citizens or residents, or we fail to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid the loss of foreign private issuer
status. If we lose our foreign private issuer status, we will be required to file with the SEC periodic reports and registration statements
on U.S. domestic issuer forms, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. We will also
have to comply with U.S. federal proxy requirements, and our officers, directors and 10% shareholders will become subject to the short-swing
profit disclosure and recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will lose our ability to rely upon exemptions
from certain corporate governance requirements under the listing rules of the Nasdaq. As a U.S. listed public company that is not a foreign
private issuer, we will incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we will not incur as a foreign private
issuer.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
will incur significantly increased costs and devote substantial management time as a result of the listing of our Class A Ordinary Shares
on the Nasdaq.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses as a public reporting company, particularly after we cease to qualify as an
emerging growth company under the JOBS Act. For example, we will be required to comply with the additional requirements of the rules
and regulations of the SEC and the Nasdaq rules, including applicable corporate governance practices. We expect that compliance with
these requirements will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly.
In addition, we expect that our management and other personnel will need to divert attention from operational and other business matters
to devote substantial time to these public company requirements. We cannot predict or estimate the number of additional costs we may
incur as a result of becoming a public company or the timing of such costs.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for
public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time-consuming. These laws, regulations
and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application
in practice may evolve over time as new guidelines are provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty
regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to
invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative
expenses and a diversion of management&#8217;s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our
efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due
to ambiguities related to their application and practice, regulatory authorities may also initiate legal proceedings against us and our
business may be adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>You
may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because
we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands with limited liability. Our corporate affairs are governed
by our memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders
to take action against our directors and us, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman
Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in
part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, which are generally of persuasive
authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors
under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in
the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a different body of securities laws than the United States, and provide significantly
less protection to investors. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have the standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action
in a federal court of the United States. There is no statutory recognition in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United
States, although the courts of the Cayman Islands will generally recognize and enforce a non-penal judgment of a foreign court of competent
jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shareholders
of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records or to obtain
copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors are not required under our memorandum and articles of association to
make our corporate records available for inspection by our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information
needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder resolution or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with
a proxy contest.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain
corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, differ significantly from requirements for companies
incorporated in other jurisdictions such as U.S. states. Currently, we plan to rely on home country practices with respect to any corporate
governance matter. Accordingly, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under rules and regulations
applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a result of all of the above, our shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by
our management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as shareholders of a company incorporated
in a U.S. state. For a discussion of significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act and the laws applicable to companies
incorporated in a U.S. state and their shareholders, see &#8220;Description of Share Capital&#8212; Differences in Corporate Law&#8221;.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>If
we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial
results or prevent fraud and our business may be harmed and our stock price may be adversely impacted.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior
to our IPO, we have been a private company with limited accounting and financial reporting personnel and other resources to address our
internal controls and procedures. In connection with the audits of our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended
December 31, 2023 and 2024, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified four material weaknesses in our internal
controls. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal controls, such that there is a reasonable
possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely
basis. The four material weaknesses identified relate to the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>entity-level
    controls: </i>we, and those charged with our governance, do not have appropriate entity-level controls in place to address the five
    pillars of internal control as defined by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (2013);</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>lack of accounting resources: </i>we lack of accounting resources. With the limited resources in our finance and accounting department, we are not able
    to close our accounting records, provide audit support, and prepare financial statements for financial reporting in a timely manner.
    In addition, we need sufficient accounting personnel who have appropriate experience in financial reporting under US GAAP to perform
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>segregation
    of duties: </i>there is an inadequate segregation of duties in several internal controls; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iv.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>documentation
    of contracts with customers and related parties:</i> we do not have written sales agreements with our customers. Instead, the orders are discussed
    through messaging applications such as WhatsApp. We also do not have written contracts executed with related parties for working capital loan from respective beneficial
owners.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have begun and will continue to implement measures to address the material weaknesses identified above. See &#8220;Management&#8217;s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&#8212;Internal Control over Financial Reporting.&#8221; However,
the implementation of those measures may not fully remediate these material weaknesses in a timely manner. In the future, we may determine
that we have additional material weakness or other deficiencies, or our independent registered public accounting firm may disagree with
our management&#8217;s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls. Our failure to correct these material weaknesses or
our failure to discover and address any other material weakness could result in inaccuracies in our financial statements and impair our
ability to comply with the applicable financial reporting requirements and related regulatory filings on a timely basis. Moreover, ineffective
internal control over financial reporting could significantly hinder our ability to prevent fraud.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
the initial public offering, we are public company in the United States subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Our reporting
obligations may place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future.
In addition, if we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, as these standards are modified, supplemented
or amended from time to time, we may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial
reporting in accordance with Section 404. Generally, if we fail to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment, we
could suffer material misstatements in our financial statements and fail to meet our reporting obligations, which would likely cause
investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information. This could in turn limit our access to capital markets, harm our
results of operations, and lead to a decline in the trading price of our Shares. Additionally, ineffective internal control over financial
reporting could expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets and subject us to potential delisting from the stock
exchange on which we list, regulatory investigations, and civil or criminal sanctions. We may also be required to restate our financial
statements from prior periods. Section 404 requires that we include a report of management on our internal control over financial reporting
in our annual report on Form 20-F beginning with our second annual report on Form 20-F.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, once we cease to be an &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; as such term is defined in the JOBS Act, our independent registered
public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our management
may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective. Moreover, even if our management concludes that our
internal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent
testing, may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are
documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us. During the course of documenting
and testing our internal control procedures, in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404, we may identify other weaknesses and
deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Certain
judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are a Cayman Islands exempted company and substantially all of our assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, all
of our current directors and officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States and substantially all of
the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for a shareholder to effect service
of process within the United States upon these persons or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including
judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.
Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands may render you unable to enforce a judgment
against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. For more information regarding the relevant laws of the Cayman Islands,
see &#8220;Enforcement of Civil Liabilities&#8221;. As a result of all of the above, our shareholders may have more difficulties in protecting
their interests through actions against us or our officers, directors or major shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation
incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="hk_001"></span>ITEM
4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>A.
History and Development of the Company.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior
to the incorporation of the Company, the principal operations are carried out through Cuprina Pte. Ltd. in Singapore, which was founded
by Mr. Baptista Carl Marc. We have conducted a reorganization, primarily to facilitate our initial public offering in the United States,
which was completed in January 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
ownership of our subsidiaries are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; white-space: nowrap; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Background</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; white-space: nowrap; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 30%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Ownership</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
    Holdings (BVI) Limited</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
    on October 3, 2023 under the laws of the BVI as a holding company.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100%
    owned by Cuprina Cayman</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
    Pte. Ltd.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
    on August 28, 2019 as a private company limited by shares under the laws of Singapore and owned by Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd prior
    to the reorganization.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100%
    owned by Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 8.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.45pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
                                            United</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 8.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.45pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">States
    Inc.</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
    on April 6, 2022 as a private company limited by shares under the laws of the U.S.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100%
    owned by Cuprina Pte. Ltd.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
    Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
    on March 29, 2022 as a private company limited by shares under the laws of the Malaysia.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100%
    owned by Cuprina Pte. Ltd.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
    (Beijing) Biotechnology Co. Ltd.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
    on July 26, 2022 as a private company limited by shares under the laws of the PRC.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100%
    owned by Cuprina Pte. Ltd.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
    Hong Kong Limited</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
    on May 17, 2022 as a private company limited by shares under the laws of Hong Kong.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100%
    owned by Cuprina Pte. Ltd.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
Cayman was incorporated as an exempted company in the Cayman Islands on September 22, 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Completion
of the Initial Public Offering</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
April 11, 2025, we closed our IPO of 3,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares at a public offering price of US$4.00 per share. The total net
proceeds to the Company from the IPO, after deducting discounts, expenses allowance and expenses, were approximately US$9,184,726.</span>
<span style="font-size: 10pt">On May 8, 2025, we closed the Over-Allotment Option of our IPO of 450,000 Class A Ordinary Shares at a
price of US$4.00 per share, pursuant to the full exercise of the Over-Allotment Option, resulting in additional gross proceeds of approximately
US$1,800,000. As a result, we raised aggregate net proceeds of US$10,849,726 i</span><span style="font-size: 8pt"></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">n
the IPO, including the exercise of the Over-Allotment Option, after deducting discounts, expenses allowance and expenses. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Class A Ordinary Shares were previously approved for listing on Nasdaq Capital Markets and commenced trading under the ticker symbol
&#8220;CUPR&#8221; on April 10, 2025.</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Our
Corporate Structure</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are a Cayman Islands business company incorporated on September 22, 2023, as a holding company of our business, which is primarily operated
through our indirect wholly-owned Singapore subsidiary, Cuprina Pte. Ltd..</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following chart illustrates our corporate structure as of the date of this annual report:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><img src="form20-f_001.jpg" alt=""/>&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
details of our principal shareholders&#8217; ownership, please refer to the beneficial ownership table in &#8220;Item 6. Directors, Senior
Management and Employees&#8212;E. Share Ownership.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Corporate
Information</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
principal office is located at Blk 1090 Lower Delta Road #06-08 Singapore 169201and our telephone number is +65 8512 7275. Our registered
office in the Cayman Islands is located at the office of Harneys Fiduciary (Cayman) Limited, 4th Floor, Harbour Place, 103 South Church
Street, P.O. Box 10240, Grand Cayman KY1-1002, Cayman Islands. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Cogency Global
Inc., 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168. We maintain a website at https://www.cuprina.com. We do not incorporate the
information on our website into this Report and the information contained therein or connected thereto shall not be deemed to be part
of this Report.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>B.
Business overview</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Overview</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are a Singapore-based biomedical and biotechnology company that is dedicated to the development and commercialization of innovative products
for the management of chronic wounds, as well as operating in the health and beauty sector. Our expertise in biomedical research allows
us to identify and utilize materials derived from natural sources to develop wound care products in the form of medical devices which
meet international standards. We believe we will be able to build upon and leverage such expertise to develop innovative cosmeceutical
products in the future.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, we manufactured and distributed a line of medical grade sterile blowfly larvae bio-dressing products marketed under
the MEDIFLY brand name, or the MEDIFLY products. The MEDIFLY products are used as a biological debridement tool for chronic wounds, in
a procedure known as Maggot Debridement Therapy, or MDT, which is an effective alternative to surgical debridement. In addition to our
currently commercialized MEDIFLY products, we have two lines of chronic wound care products in our pipeline. Such lines of pipeline chronic
wound care products include:</span></p>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collagen
    dressings, including sponges, particles and hydrogels utilizing bullfrog collagen derived from the valorization of abattoir waste
    streams of American bullfrogs (<i>Lithobates catesbeianus</i>); and</span></td></tr>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Products
    utilizing medical leeches for wound treatment.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
currently expect development of such products to take place over the course of 2024 and 2025 and to become commercially available subject
to regulatory approval.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe what sets us apart is our focus on developing functionally specific chronic wound care products designed to address the major
stages of wound healing process, from chronic to closure.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
chronic wound care products, including both our existing commercialized products and forthcoming products in our pipeline, are poised
to benefit from escalating global market demand. This demand is primarily fueled by the demographic shift towards an aging population
and the concurrent rise in comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular ailments, and peripheral vascular diseases.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
either self-develop our chronic wound care products or co-develop them through technology licensing agreements or research collaboration
with a renowned research university. In June 2022, we were granted an exclusive license from NTU to develop and commercialize a range
of chronic wound care products using collagen derived from bullfrog skin. In addition, in August 2022, we entered into an industry research
collaboration agreement with NTU, pursuant to which both parties agreed to jointly undertake a research project regarding the development
and validation of bullfrog skin waste to generate collagen-based wound care products.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have been selling our MEDIFLY products primarily in Singapore since February 2020. In March 2023, our MEDIFLY products became commercially
available in Hong Kong. Looking ahead, we have strategic plans in place for 2025 and 2026 to expand our sales and establish physical
operations in several key regions, including the Middle East (in particular, the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council, or GCC),
and mainland China. These expansion initiatives will further enable us to cater to the growing demand for our products in these promising
markets, cementing our position as a trusted player in the field of chronic wound care and treatment.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
our cosmeceuticals business, we introduced three products in 2023, including a hydrating balm product, a muscle energy cream and a pain
relief muscle patch. For our currently commercialized cosmeceutical products, we have commissioned original equipment manufacturers of
skincare products to develop the formulation and manufacture the substantially finished and finished products. In addition, we plan to
explore the possibility of developing a range of potential cosmeceutical product candidates incorporating bullfrog collagen using the
novel collagen production technology that we are currently developing with a view to making them commercially available between 2025
and 2028, subject to the progress of the relevant R&amp;D work.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
offer our chronic wound care products to both public and private hospitals and clinics, where patients can obtain them through prescription
from a physician. Our customers primarily include major public and private hospitals and clinics in Singapore. Our commercialized cosmeceutical
products can be purchased directly by individual customers through a variety of channels, including retailers and gyms in Singapore and
other countries such as Malaysia and Australia, as well as online shopping platforms such as Shopee.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
commitment to quality is demonstrated by our attainment of ISO 13485:2016 standards for Quality Management Systems and Manufacturing
Processes and Controls for our manufacturing facility located in Singapore in 2020. We are working towards obtaining compliance with
21 CFR Part 820, an integral component of the Current Good Manufacturing Practice, or CGMP, regulations, to secure FDA 510(k) clearance
for our chronic wound care products, including both our existing commercialized products and forthcoming products in our pipeline.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, we had 14 full-time employees. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, our revenue amounted to
S$56,599, S$100,773 and S$48,321 (US$35,522), respectively, while we recorded net loss of S$1,094,516, S$1,119,555 and S$1,560,535
(US$1,147,199), respectively , for the same periods.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Our
Competitive Strengths</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that the following competitive strengths have contributed to our past success and will continue to distinguish us from our competitors:</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Innovative
product portfolio that differentiates us from our competitors</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe our portfolio of current and pipeline products sets us apart from competitors in the medical industry. Specifically, our bioactives
possess distinctive properties that enable us to generate medical derivative products with improved performance compared to conventional
treatments in the market and sets us apart from competitors in the relevant industry, as supported by statistically significant clinical
and health economic outcomes data. For example, our current maggot-based chronic wound care products are able to disinfect wounds and
accelerate the healing process for chronic wounds for patients who are not responsive to conventional treatments. In addition, hirudotherapy,
the mechanism underpinning our pipeline product utilizing medical grade leeches, has been traditionally used for bloodletting and treating
inflammation, thrombosis, phlebitis, varicosity, and pain in traditional medicine in certain parts of the world and has been investigated
for effectiveness in treating non-healing chronic wounds, including ulcerated wounds and diabetic foot ulcers, or DFUs in a number of
clinical studies.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe the efficacy of our MEDIFLY products will result in expanded adoption of our products at a lower overall cost to payors. In addition,
our portfolio of current and pipeline products will allow doctors and clinicians to provide personalized therapeutic solutions to meet
the needs of individual wound care patients covering major stages of the wound healing process, from chronic to closure.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Well-positioned
in large and growing chronic wound care markets</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe the chronic wound care market is poised to experience continuous accelerated growth due to a number of global trends such as
an aging population, rising healthcare costs, increasing awareness of difficult-to-treat infections like Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
Aureus, or MRSA, and a growing prevalence of diabetes and obesity. Given the expanding chronic wound care market, our products are strategically
positioned for widespread adoption as they are designed with a specific focus on cost-effectiveness and cater to the needs of patients
suffering from chronic wounds.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
focus is to provide products that are not only more effective than competing options but also offer a stronger value proposition, which
includes lower total costs and reduced healing time, ultimately leading to lower costs for the healthcare system. We believe that this
approach is particularly effective in the geographic markets where we intend to enter in the near future, such as mainland China, which
is a developing economy with a large and rapidly aging population and has strong demands for affordable and effective wound care solutions.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Access
to innovative technology in developing pipeline products</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have been forging relationships with a renowned research university, which we believe have helped us gain access to innovative technology
in developing pipeline products. In particular, we have been granted the exclusive license from NTU to develop and commercialize a range
of chronic wound care products using collagen derived from bullfrog skin and possess many beneficial properties when compared to other
conventional sources of collagen including superior biocompatibility, solubility and thermal stability, and reduced disease and allergy
risks, among others. In addition, we have been developing related chronic wound care products utilizing bullfrog collagen, including
sponge dressings and hydrogels through our research collaboration with NTU. Furthermore, researchers at NTU are constantly upgrading
current formulations and introducing new formulations of the bullfrog collagen based on evolving trends in the medical device industry.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe such a collaborative approach to product development allows us to develop multiple pipeline products in parallel without significant
upfront investment in workforce and equipment and let us leverage our manufacturing capabilities and knowledge navigating the complex
regulatory approval process to attract dedicated research institutions producing innovative technologies that we can commercialize.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Commitment
to sustainability</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
view sustainability as a key priority, which guides our decisions when sourcing raw materials to manufacture our products. We aim to
grow our materials in-house whenever possible to minimize our environmental impact. As an example, our commercialized chronic wound care
product utilizes maggots bred in house to debride chronic wounds, which is a sustainable approach with a small ecological footprint.
We plan to follow this with our pipeline chronic wound care product that utilizes medical grade leeches, which will also be bred in-house.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, the other products in our pipeline, including bullfrog collagen-related chronic wound care and cosmeceutical products represent
examples of valorization processes for slaughterhouse waste for discarded bullfrog skins.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe our commitment to sustainability provides us with significant competitive advantages, including the ability to cater to a wider
consumer base by meeting the increasing demand for environmentally responsible products, as well as cost savings through efficient manufacturing
processes, as we source raw materials from the wild and previously untapped waste streams, such as <i>Lucilia cuprina</i> flies and discarded
bullfrog skins, which not only reduces waste but also minimizes production costs.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Loyal
and growing customer base</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have established strong relationships with our customer base, which primarily consists of hospitals, clinics and other licensed facilities
providing medical care, resulting in a loyal following. In particular, 88.9% of customers of our chronic wound care business in 2023
continued to purchase our products in 2024. We believe such customer loyalty stems from our commitment to excellent customer service,
reliable product quality, consistent delivery and ongoing support. This loyalty generates repeat business, maintains a steady revenue
stream, and benefits from positive word-of-mouth referrals.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Strong
leadership with in-depth knowledge and expertise</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
leadership possesses strong management skills, operational experience and industry knowledge and expertise necessary to develop and execute
our strategy to capture market opportunities. In particular, Mr. Baptista, our founder and CTO, possesses in-depth knowledge and expertise
in the fields of entomology, biotechnology and biochemistry of chronic wounds management. He has co-written papers in biochemistry, applied
entomology and clinical medicine. He is also a named inventor in several patents in entomological product development. He has built an
extensive business network and connections in the industry and throughout the scientific community, which we believe have helped us establish
a strong working relationship with key customers, suppliers and research institutions. He oversees ideation, regulatory affairs, clinical
affairs and communications. Mr. Quek, our CEO and a director, has a crucial role in the management of our employees. Before joining us,
he held various managerial positions such as business development director and marketing manager in publicly-listed companies in Singapore.
He has a deep understanding of our business operations and is responsible for fostering relationships with our business partners and
making strategic business decisions for us.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Led
by our founder and CEO, our management team is capable of taking advantage of market opportunities, formulating sound business strategies,
assessing and managing risks and optimizing operational efficiencies to maximize profits. Our management is supported by a team of highly
skilled and motivated employees. We believe our staff have high levels of professional qualification and training and are skilled and
highly motivated.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Our
Business Strategies</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
achieve our business objectives, we plan to adopt the following strategies to drive our future growth.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Expand
into new geographic markets through strategic partnerships</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
plan to strengthen our market presence by expanding into new geographical regions, including Southeast Asia, the Middle East (particularly
the member states of the GCC), and mainland China. These regions offer significant growth potential and a growing need for improved healthcare
solutions, particularly in chronic wound care.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
achieve our strategic objectives, we have entered into various collaboration agreements with local partners in Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong,
and mainland China. In Saudi Arabia, we have entered into a joint venture agreement with a local medical services company in May 2022
and are currently in the process of registering medical maggots with the Saudi Food and Drug Authority, or SFDA. In Hong Kong, we have
collaborated with Advanced Biotech and Engineering Limited and signed an exclusive distribution and cooperation and profit-sharing agreement
which took effect in June 2023. In mainland China, we have collaborated with Nan&#8217;ao (Beijing) Hospital Management Co., Ltd. for
the purpose of registering our maggot-based chronic wound care products with the National Medical Products Administration of China, or
NMPA. To this end, we have entered into an Agreement to Collaborate and Protect Confidentiality in August 2022. We believe our maggot-based
chronic wound care product will become the first live bio-dressing to be registered with the NMPA in mainland China. These collaborations
aim to facilitate market entry, secure regulatory approvals, and ensure a smooth transition into new markets. Please see &#8220;&#8211;
Overseas Collaboration&#8221; in this section for additional details. </span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
plan to engage in further discussions with potential distribution partners in Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia. As of the date of this
Annual Report, we have not identified any such partners in the markets mentioned above. We believe leveraging strategic alliances will
enable us to establish a robust distribution network and disseminate our comprehensive product offerings across these regions.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Continue
to expand our product portfolio through development and innovation</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will utilize our in-house R&amp;D team to develop new pipeline products. In addition, we are actively collaborating with our third-party
R&amp;D partner, NTU, to develop an innovative process for producing bullfrog collagen from bullfrog skin that will underpin many of
our pipeline products. Our research utilizes ethical sourcing practices and cutting-edge technology to harness the beneficial properties
of bullfrog collagen.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
goal is to expand our current offerings to provide affordable and accessible wound care products and cosmeceutical products. In particular,
subject to the progress of the relevant R&amp;D work and regulatory approval, we plan to introduce ranges of new products that utilize
leeches and bullfrog skin-derived collagen in the future to address each major stage of the wound healing process. We believe this will
enable clinicians and patients to better select products tailored to the appropriate stage of wound healing. In addition, we plan to
explore the possibility of developing a range of potential cosmeceutical products incorporating bullfrog collagen skincare and cosmetic
products, with a view to making them commercially available between 2025 and 2028, subject to the progress of the relevant R&amp;D work.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Strengthen
brand awareness, and acquire and retain customers</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
date, our efforts to promote our products and increase brand awareness have focused on participating in various conferences and holding
educational talks in key existing and potential markets. For example:</span></p>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Singapore</i>:
    between 2021 and 2024, we have participated in multiple webinars and educational talks in collaboration with various organizations
    such as St. Luke&#8217;s Elder Care, Convatec Academy for Professional Education, Podiatry Association (Singapore), and Vascular
    &amp; Intervention Center, to discuss the clinical application and future potential of MDT for wound care. We also conducted educational
    talks at hospitals and institutes such as Farrer Park Hospital, Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, and Home Nursing Foundation to introduce
    and discuss the management of patients with MDT.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Malaysia</i>:
    we participated in the First Pahang Wound Healing Conference and the Commonwealth &amp; 4<sup>th </sup>Global Wound Conference in
    August 2022 and October 2022, respectively.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Hong
    Kong: </i>we participated in multiple conferences and delivered talks in various venues, for example, we participated in the HKTDC
    Hong Kong International Medical and Healthcare Fair 2024, and delivered an educational talk at the Joint Orthopaedics and Traumatology
    Nursing Forum 2024 organized by Hong Kong East Cluster - Hospital Authority. We also delivered an educational talk at the 2023 Symposium
    on Diabetic Wound Healing - Recap the Essentials organized by The Hong Kong Society for Diabetic Limb Care, and held an education
    talk with the topic &#8220;Maggot Debridement Therapy for Wound Care&#8221; to the Department of Orthopaedics at Pamela Youde Nethersole
    Eastern Hospital in September 2022.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, as of the date of this Annual Report, we and our products had been covered by various news coverages in influential media outlets
including Channel NewsAsia, South China Morning Post, Yahoo News, Healthcare Asia, Taiwan Health News, TODAY News, and 8world News, among
others.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Going
forward, we plan to increase our brand visibility and boost sales growth through marketing activities utilizing a combination of traditional
channels, such as print media, targeted advertising campaigns and trade shows and digital channels, such as social media, content marketing
and email and online advertising to maximize the reach and impact of our promotional efforts. This comprehensive set of avenues allow
us to achieve targeted messaging, audience segmentation, and real-time performance tracking, enabling us to optimize marketing campaigns
for maximum effectiveness.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
particular, we plan to acquire and retain customers through tailored marketing campaigns emphasizing personalized healthcare services
and comprehensive patient education. By crafting campaigns that resonate with specific groups such as aging patients, clinicians, caretakers
and other healthcare professionals, we plan to highlight the value proposition of our products and position ourselves as a preferred
provider. We also plan to provide comprehensive patient education resources, such as informative brochures, online content, and interactive
workshops, to educate the patients on their conditions, available treatment options, and the importance of proactive healthcare management.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Attract,
cultivate and retain a talented and professional workforce</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that a significant part of our success is attributable to our ability to select, develop, motivate and retain our talented and
professional workforce. We will continue to strengthen our team and proactively recruit, retain and train talents for our sales and marketing
and R&amp;D teams. We plan to recruit approximately four sales and marketing personnel and four R&amp;D staff in the next two years.
</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will focus on cultivating the industrial knowledge of our workforce with training and professional development programs such as workshops,
seminars, mentorship programs, and opportunities to participate in industry conferences or events, collegial working environment, competitive
compensation structure as well as internal promotion opportunities to enhance their creativity, loyalty, job satisfaction and cohesiveness.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
order to foster the growth of future talent, we have successfully established internship programs with prestigious educational institutions
in Singapore, namely, the National University of Singapore, NTU, and Republic Polytechnic. These programs serve as valuable platforms
for students of these institutions to gain practical experience and apply the knowledge they have learned in the classroom to real-world
situations and allow us to identify and recruit talented students who we consider as a good fit for us.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Industry
Overview</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Chronic
Wound Care Business</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Market
Opportunities for Our Chronic Wound Care Products</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Wounds
represent a large and growing burden on the public health as well as a significant cost to the health care system. Wounds are divided
into two primary types, chronic and acute. According to an article published in The Annals of Epidemiology in 2019, the global prevalence
of chronic wounds is estimated at 1.51 to 2.21 per 1,000 population. As a result, it is estimated that up to 17.7 million people suffer
from chronic wounds globally each year. According to Fortune Business Insights, the market size for the global chronic wound care market
was US$14.24 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach US$25.22 billion in 2032, representing a CAGR of 7.4% from 2025 to 2032. </span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Wound
healing involves a complex and dynamic process that occurs in three distinct stages. Wounds may stall during this process and become
non-healing and chronic, typically in the inflammatory phase, for a variety of reasons. These reasons include biofilm or infection, uncontrolled
inflammatory processes, shortages of cell types and growth factors secreted by cells that are critical to healing and disrupted cell
signaling pathways. Below are the main stages of wound healing:</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><img src="form20-f_002.jpg" alt=""/><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></span></p>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 30%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    inflammation stage is a defensive stage when white blood cells are dispatched. Chronic wounds fail to proceed through the normal
    phases of wound healing in an orderly and timely manner often stalling in the inflammation phase.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 33%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
    the proliferation stage, various cellular activities occur to facilitate wound healing and it is a crucial stage for the formation
    of new tissue and the restoration of wound strength. </span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 33%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
    the maturation stage, the newly formed tissue undergoes remodeling and strengthening. The healed tissue gains strength and durability
    as collagen fibers become more structured. Blood vessels within the tissue mature, ensuring proper blood supply. Scar tissue becomes
    less prominent over time.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chronic
wounds are a growing problem globally, driven primarily by the aging population and the prevalence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes.
The cost of healthcare has also been on the rise in most countries, and the persistence of difficult-to-treat infections further compounds
the issue. These factors create a complex landscape for managing chronic wounds. Primary examples of chronic wounds include diabetic
ulcers, venous ulcers, arterial ulcers, pressure ulcers and traumatic ulcers. In each of the various wound types, the presence of biofilms
is a frequent cause for chronic wounds and the removal of biofilms is a crucial step to commence healing. Biofilms need to be eradicated
to prevent further deterioration of the wound that may result in additional negative patient outcomes. If not effectively treated, these
wounds can lead to potentially severe complications, including further infection, osteomyelitis, fasciitis, amputation and increased
mortality,</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Diabetic
Ulcers.</i> Diabetes can lead to a reduction in blood flow, which can cause patients to lose sensation in their feet and may prevent
them from noticing injuries, sometimes leading to the development of diabetic ulcers, which are open sores or ulcers on the feet that
may take several weeks to heal, if ever.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Venous
Ulcers.</i> Venous ulcers develop as a result of vascular insufficiency, or the inability for the vasculature of the leg to return blood
back toward the heart properly. These ulcers usually form on the sides of the lower leg, above the ankle and below the calf, and are
slow to heal and often recur if preventative steps are not taken. The risk of venous ulcers can be increased as a result of a blood clot
forming in the deep veins of the legs, obesity, smoking, lack of physical activity or work that requires many hours of standing.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Pressure
Ulcers.</i> Pressure ulcers, also known as decubitus ulcers or bed sores, are injuries to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged
pressure, or pressure in combination with shear or friction. Constant pressure on an area of skin reduces blood supply to the area and
over time can cause the skin to break down and form an open ulcer. These often occur in patients who are hospitalized or confined to
a chair or bed and most often form on the skin over bony areas, where there is little cushion between the bone and the skin, such as
heels, ankles, hips and the tailbone.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Traumatic
Ulcers.</i> Traumatic wounds form as a result of cuts, lacerations or puncture wounds, which have caused damage to the skin and underlying
tissue. Severe traumatic wounds may require surgical intervention to close the wound and stabilize the patient. Traumatic hard-to-heal
wounds develop for various reasons, such as local surgical complications, suboptimal closure techniques, presence of foreign materials,
exposed bones or tendons and infection. Millions of people receive post-surgical wound care annually, and the typical operative patient
has comorbidities that create challenges with post-operative wound healing.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Arterial
Ulcers.</i> Arterial ulcers are a type of chronic wound that typically occurs on the lower legs, feet, or toes. These ulcers are caused
by reduced blood flow to the affected area, usually due to underlying conditions such as peripheral artery disease (PAD) or atherosclerosis.
Arterial ulcers can be painful and slow to heal, and if left untreated, can lead to serious complications such as infection or tissue
damage. Effective treatment of arterial ulcers requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the underlying causes of reduced blood
flow, promotes healing, and prevents further complications. In this context, innovative wound care solutions and a patient-centric approach
can play a crucial role in improving outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for those affected by arterial ulcers.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Market
Scale</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Mainland
China and Hong Kong</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">According
to a report published by Mordor Intelligence, the wound care management market size in China is estimated at USD 609.71 million in 2025,
and is expected to reach USD 732.93 million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 3.75% from 2025 to 2030.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mainland
China is getting more requests for wound care management because the number of chronic wounds is going up. Articles published by the
National Library of Medicine in 2021 and the Chinese Journal of Traumatology in 2023 stated that diabetes, infection, pressure, and trauma
were the most common reasons for chronic wounds on the skin in mainland China. The high incidence of diabetes in mainland China is a
defining characteristic of the region, and as a result, there is an increasing need for wound care management to lower the risk of slow-healing
wounds in diabetic patients. As ulceration of the foot in diabetes is common and disabling and frequently leads to amputation of the
leg, the incidence of chronic wounds, especially foot ulcers, increases among the diabetic population. For instance, in 2021, the International
Diabetes Federation, or IDF, reported that the number of diabetic cases reported in mainland China in 2021 was 140.9 million, which accounted
for 10.6% of mainland China&#8217;s population, and this number is expected to increase by 164.06 million by 2030. According to a clinical
study published in the Chinese Journal of Diabetes Mellitus in 2021, the annual prevalence of DFUs in mainland China is 8.1% in patients
with diabetes, which translates into the number of DFU patients at around 11.4 million. According to a clinical paper published in Diabetes,
Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy in 2020, the average cost for curing DFUs per person is RMB21,827 (US$3,093). Thus,
high cases of diabetes are marked by a high incidence of DFUs, thereby increasing the demand for diabetic foot care management in mainland
China.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">According
to a report published by P&amp;S Intelligence, the wound dressing market in Hong Kong reached a value of US$40.1 million in 2020 and
is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.0% between 2021 and 2030. Similar to mainland China, the major factors leading to the growth of the
Hong Kong market are rising prevalence of diabetes, high incidence of traumatic injuries, and growing geriatric population. </span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Gulf
Cooperation Council (GCC)</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">According
to a report published by IMARC Group, the projected expansion of the wound care market in the GCC nations is expected to achieve a CAGR
of approximately 5.39% during 2025 to 2033. This projected growth can be attributed to a notable increase in the number of people suffering
from chronic wounds such as DFUs, venous leg ulcers, cavity wounds, and skin abrasions. For example, according to the data presented
by the International Diabetes Federation, 12.3% of the population in the UAE, equating to roughly 990,900 individuals, had diabetes in
2021. Given the evident manifestation of chronic wounds in the GCC nations, particularly in the form of foot ulcers among diabetic patients,
the healthcare infrastructure in GCC nations has grappled with a surge in chronic wound cases over recent years. These conditions necessitate
the incorporation of more advanced wound healing methodologies within healthcare facilities as well as the increase in investment by
the government in the healthcare infrastructure to encourage research and development activities aimed at addressing wounds. In addition,
the growing geriatric population in the region has necessitated wound care facilities to provide wound care solutions that enable faster
recovery.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Southeast
Asia</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">According
to a report published by Grand View Research, the Southeast Asia market for advanced wound care had a value of US$221.3 million in 2022
and is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 6.1% from 2023 to 2030. The growth of the market is driven by various factors, including the
rising incidence of chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity, which cause chronic wounds like DFUs, pressure ulcers, and VLUs. For
instance, diabetes was reported to contribute to 87% of arterial insufficiency ulcers in Singapore&#8217;s population, according to data
published by the Singapore government. Furthermore, Indonesia had around 7.9 million adults with undiagnosed diabetes aged between 20
and 79 in 2019, according to IDF Diabetes Atlas. The healing of such chronic wounds requires advanced wound care products, thereby driving
market growth.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Besides,
the rising prevalence of obesity is another factor propelling market growth as it is associated with chronic wounds and lower extremity
amputations. Obese individuals are at a higher risk of pressure ulcers due to reduced vascular activity in adipose tissue, and their
inability to reposition themselves in bed increases the likelihood of pressure-related injuries. Additionally, the skin folds on their
bodies provide an ideal environment for microorganisms to thrive, leading to ulcers. Hence, the demand for advanced wound care products
is expected to increase, leading to market growth.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
particular, Singapore is projected to witness the fastest growth rate in Southeast Asia with a CAGR of 7.6% from 2023 to 2030. An increase
in the number of surgeries, the presence of well-developed healthcare infrastructure, and the rise in medical tourism are among the major
factors driving the market. Moreover, according to the International Trade Administration of the United States, the Singapore healthcare
market is expected to grow to US$49.4 billion by 2029. Singapore&#8217;s healthcare spending comprises private and public expenditures,
accounting for 5.9% of its total gross domestic product, which is expected to increase to 9.0% by 2029. According to the World Health
Organization, Singapore has achieved a world-class healthcare system, which makes the country a preferred medical destination. Therefore,
the aforementioned factors are expected to help the advanced wound care market grow in Singapore.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>The
United States</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">According
to a report published by Fortune Business Insights, the U.S. chronic wound care market size was worth US$ 5.32 billion in 2024 and is
projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.4% from 2025 to 2032.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
surging prevalence of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, systemic illness, and others is one of the predominant factors increasing the
risk of developing hard-to-heal wounds, such as venous leg ulcers, pressure ulcers, and others. Furthermore, the demand for chronic wound
care products will surge in the forecast period owing to the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and associated complications among
the geriatric population. Due to restricted and limited mobility, old-aged people are more prone to develop chronic wounds such as pressure
ulcers. For instance, according to the report published by the Administration for Community Living, the number of people aged 65 years
and above living in the U.S. was about 54.1 million in 2019 and was anticipated to reach 80.8 million in 2040.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furthermore,
according to an article published in National Center for Biotechnology Information in 2021, pressure ulcers affect approximately one
million to three million people annually in the U.S.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Moreover,
factors such as rising awareness regarding proper wound care among patients, increasing new product approval and launches, and others
promote the U.S. chronic wound care market growth in the forthcoming years. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the market witnessed slow growth
due to reduced patient visits to hospitals and clinics and disruption in demand and supply chain. </span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Our
Products</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
chronic wound care business revolves around innovating and manufacturing products for healthcare professionals and their patients. Our
currently available products and pipeline products aim to provide a suite of wound care products underpinned by bio-therapeutics and
bullfrog collagen platform technologies covering each major stage of the wound healing process. The products that we currently offer
and those in the pipeline are derived from medical techniques that have been used for centuries in many parts of the world. We modernize
and advance these medical techniques based on modern medical standards and processes to improve patient outcomes and enhance the efficiency
of healthcare providers. Clinical and scientific studies demonstrate that when these products are used correctly, they can expedite healing
and significantly reduce the overall cost of care.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, beginning in April 2023, we launched and began generating revenue from our newly-established cosmeceuticals business. We introduced
one hydrating balm product in the first half of 2023 and two additional products, namely, a muscle energy cream and a pain relief muscle
patch, in the fourth quarter of 2023. </span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
Chronic Wound Care Products</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Commercialized
Products</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, we had fully commercialized one distinct line of chronic wound care products which utilizes a biological debridement
method using sterile maggots to provide <i>in situ</i> wound care in a procedure known as MDT. We marketed such line of products under
the MEDIFLY brand name. Such product line accounted for 78.4% of our revenue in 2023, and 71.2% of our revenue for the year ended December
31, 2024. Our MEDIFLY products are used in hospitals, wound clinics and veterinary clinics for the non-surgical removal of necrotic,
sloughy or infected tissue from chronic wounds. Made from live, disinfected medical-grade maggots belonging to the blowfly species <i>Lucilia
cuprina</i>, these bio-dressings secrete enzymes and antimicrobial compounds that make them efficient in the removal of sloughy and devitalized
tissue, the disruption of biofilm formation, and the reduction of pathogenic infections found commonly in chronic wounds. Our MEDIFLY
products are also used to combat infections of the wound that contain antibiotic-resistant microbes, reducing the dependence on antibiotics.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">MEDIFLY
products are offered in two variants, namely, &#8220;MEDIFLY Free Range&#8221; and pre-sealed &#8220;MEDIFLY Baggots&#8221;. Different
variants are used to address different patient needs and clinical settings. In the &#8220;MEDIFLY Free Range&#8221; variant, the disinfected
maggots are placed on a gauze and administered directly onto the wound beds. They are allowed to roam freely on the wound beds. The &#8220;MEDIFLY
Baggots&#8221; variant consists of disinfected maggots confined in a polyester pouch. The fabric of the pouch contains perforations that
allow the maggots to feed through without exiting the pouch. Each of these products contains 150-250 live medical-grade <i>Lucilia cuprina
</i>larvae and are made to order by clinicians. Maggots assist the wound healing process by softening, dissolving and digesting sloughy
and devitalized tissue through the action of orally secreted proteolytic enzymes. In the process of ingestion and digestion, antimicrobials
in the digestive system of these maggots are secreted to the wound beds. These antimicrobials disrupt biofilm formation and kill bacteria
colonies, making them easier to ingest and digest. The maggots in our MEDIFLY products are placed on the wound and removed after 48 to
72 hours, signaling a single cycle of treatment. On average, three cycles of MEDIFLY treatment are sufficient to achieve a positive clinical
outcome.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Both
&#8220;MEDIFLY Free Range&#8221; and &#8220;MEDIFLY Baggots&#8221; variants had become commercially available in Singapore and Hong Kong
in February 2020 and March 2023, respectively, and can be prescribed by a licensed clinician and applied by a trained medical care professional.
We intend to introduce the products into new markets including mainland China, Southeast Asia, and Saudi Arabia. For more details on
regulatory approvals of MEDIFLY, please see &#8220;&#8211; Government Regulation &#8211; Our Regulatory Roadmap and Approval Timeline&#8221;
in this section.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Selected
Published Clinical Studies on Our Commercialized Products</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Selected
Clinical Studies on MDT</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Clinical
studies have investigated the efficacy and safety of MDT for the treatment of chronic wounds. According to a study published in Evidence-Based
Complementary and Alternative Medicine in 2014, a cohort of 63 patients with 92 pressure ulcers was studied over a minimum period of
eight weeks. The patients received either standard wound care prescribed by the hospital&#8217;s wound care doctors or maggot therapy
consisting of two cycles per week. The findings revealed that maggot-treated wounds underwent debridement four times faster compared
to wounds in the control group, with a debridement rate of 0.8&#8201;cm<sup>2</sup>/week compared to 0.2&#8201;cm<sup>2</sup>/week
in the control group. In addition, the time to healing was approximately 19 weeks shorter in the MDT treatment group compared to the
conventional treatment group. In one of the largest clinical MDT studies to date published in the Journal of Wound Care in 2012, 723
ambulatory and hospitalized patients were treated with MDT. Among these patients, 90.5% had leg ulcers, and 48% had DFUs. The study found
that complete debridement was achieved in 82.1% of the cases, with a mean treatment length of 4.65 days.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, MDT has been investigated for its effectiveness in treating wounds when compared to conventional treatments. In an article
published in the Asian Journal of Surgery in 2013, the researcher presented findings derived from a retrospective cohort study which
observed 111 diabetic patients, with 59 patients receiving MDT and 52 patients receiving conventional therapy. The study demonstrated
that ulcers treated with MDT had approximately seven times higher chances of wound healing compared to conventional therapy. According
to another study published in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine in 2014 regarding a prospective randomized clinical
trial involving 72 patients revealed notable differences in the effectiveness of Vacuum-Assisted Closure, or VAC and MDT. In the VAC
group, only 18.2% of patients had their wounds successfully closed, whereas 92.3% of patients in the MDT group experienced wound closure.
In addition, the study reported that 69.6% of patients receiving VAC therapy required amputation, while only 7.7% of patients receiving
MDT had to undergo amputation.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">MDT
has also been investigated for its effectiveness in eradicating biofilms, the presence of which is a frequent cause for chronic wounds
and the removal of which is a crucial step to commence wound healing. According to an article published in Applied and Environmental
Microbiology in 2013, the excretions/secretions of maggots are effective in disrupting the growth of bacterial biofilms. Another article
published in Medical and Veterinary Entomology in 2012 similarly showed that maggot deoxyribonuclease is a competent enzyme with the
potential to assist in clinical wound debridement by removing extracellular DNA from tissue and biofilm, and promoting tissue viability,
while liberating proteinaceous slough/eschar for debridement.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Selected
Clinical Studies on our MEDIFLY products</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Several
recent research findings involving MEDIFLY products have been noted in scientific literature. For example, in a clinical study conducted
in Singapore in 2022, our MEDIFLY products were utilized for MDT in a challenging patient population. The study, highlighted in an article
published in Wounds Asia in 2022, focused on a patient group comprised individuals with diabetes, with accompanying complications of
hypertension (90.9% of the patient group) and ischaemic heart disease (72.3% of the patient group). The patients&#8217; age ranged from
51 to 81 years, with an average age of 64 years. The study&#8217;s results demonstrated that MDT using our MEDIFLY products is a safe
method of debridement. Furthermore, the pain resulting from MDT was found to be easily manageable. The study further revealed a high
limb salvage rate of 90.9% among the patient group. Furthermore, according to an article published in the Journal of Tissue Viability
in 2022 describing the use of our MEDIFLY products at a Singapore hospital, patients with non-viable tissue or who could not tolerate
sharp debridement were recruited and our MEDIFLY products were applied by wound specialists. 14 patients participated in the study, with
three receiving pre-sealed larvae therapy and 11 receiving free-range larvae therapy. As a result of the MDT, a reduction of non-viable
tissue was observed in 78.6% of patients, out of which 90.9% of patients achieved successful debridement (at least 25% reduction in non-viable
tissue). </span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
a separate article published in Wounds Asia involving a single patient study conducted in Hong Kong in 2023, a 98-year-old patient with
an advanced stage pressure ulcer who are unsuitable for surgical operation was treated with multiple cycles of MDT using our MEDIFLY
products. During the course of the treatment, the patient&#8217;s condition showed steady improvement and the patient did not report
any discomfort or show any major unwanted effects. In addition, the article concluded that MDT could improve the condition of the wound
in a short period of time and can also be conveniently conducted outside of a hospital by a nurse, marking its potential in reaching
a wider range of patients including older people and people with mobility problems who have difficulty in travelling to hospital frequently.
</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Our
Pipeline for Wound Care Products</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have a robust pipeline of products under development under our chronic wound care business based on our platform technologies, namely,
bio-therapeutics and bullfrog collagen. We believe our pipeline efforts will expand our portfolio of offerings as well as allow us to
address additional clinical applications.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hirudotherapy</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are currently developing a product using hirudotherapy, or medical leech therapy, which involves the use of sterile, medical-grade leeches
for wound treatment. When these leeches bite into targeted areas, they release compounds into the wound, improving blood flow and promoting
wound healing. These compounds include hirudin, a powerful anti-thrombin that helps maintain blood flow as the leech feeds, and calin,
which binds to collagen and neutralizes its capacity to induce blood clotting.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
medical leech therapy product will be developed in-house by our research team. Its intended demographics is patients with pressure ulcers,
chronic vascular ulcers, diabetic ulcers, cardiovascular diseases, tinnitus, arthritis, microsurgeries, plastic surgery, cancer, metastasis
and infectious diseases. The product is intended to be used in government and private hospitals, specifically in departments such as
vascular surgery, wound care and plastic and reconstructive surgery, as well as in public and private clinics. We began the relevant
R&amp;D work for such product in June 2023. As of December 31, 2024, we have completed the ideation phase of the project and are scheduled
to commence the literature review stage in the second half of 2025. We expect to complete the development of the product over the course
of 2025 and 2026. Such product will become commercially available subject to us receiving the necessary regulatory approvals from the
relevant authorities in the intended markets where we plan to introduce it. We intend to make this product commercially available first
in Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
plan to make our medical leech therapy product available in several markets including Singapore and Hong Kong, subject to the completion
of the relevant R&amp;D work and progress of the regulatory approval by the relevant authorities. As of the date of this Annual Report,
no filing has been submitted by us for this product in any country or region. However, regulatory agencies have considered and approved
the use of medical leeches in the past. In June 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or the FDA, which is an important reference
agency for regulatory agencies in other countries, for the first time received request and approved the commercial marketing of leeches
for medicinal purposes in skin grafts and reattachment surgery.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Bullfrog
collagen related products</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are currently developing a product range using collagen derived from bullfrog skin sourced from waste streams for novel medical wound
care dressings. We intend to market such products under the ANURAN brand name and to trademark the brand name &#8220;ANURAN&#8221;. As
of the date of this Annual Report, we have not initiated the process of trademark registration.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
first bullfrog collagen product will be a medical device in the form of a sponge dressing. The underlying working mechanism of the sponge
dressings involves the direct contact of the dressings with the wound beds, serving to provide a scaffold and biochemical pathway to
recruit fibroblasts post-debridement. Bullfrog collagen is highly absorbable and will be able to assist in the management of wound exudate,
reduction in inflammation and facilitate granulation leading to closure at the wound site. Our bullfrog collagen sponges will contain
a microporous scaffold environment which enables native cells to colonize and rebuild tissue, promoting natural healing. Bullfrog collagen
is more biocompatible than traditional bovine/mammalian sources, contains more tensile strength, and possesses better thermostability
than marine sources. With these unique properties, we believe bullfrog collagen products have the potential to revolutionize the way
wounds are managed, facilitating accelerated wound closure rates through natural healing. To our knowledge, as of December 31, 2024,
no wound dressings using bullfrog collagen were available in any markets worldwide.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
relevant R&amp;D work for our bullfrog collagen sponge dressings began in May 2022, and we have completed the set-up of our CGMP-compliant
pilot production facility for the extraction and formulation of the sponge dressings in our laboratory in Singapore in July 2023. We
are currently in the process of compiling the 21 CFR Part 820 dossier for an FDA 510(k) clearance, which is a submission dossier made
to the FDA to demonstrate safety and efficacy of our bullfrog raw material and thereafter the manufacture of the bullfrog collagen sponge
dressings. Obtaining an FDA 510(k) clearance holds significant value as it facilitates streamlined medical device regulatory filings,
such as the abridged route for HSA and SFDA, as the FDA is a recognized reference agency in these countries. For a description of the
relevant laws and regulations on the application and approval framework for medical devices in different jurisdictions relevant to our
business operations, see &#8220;Regulation&#8221;. </span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
expect to conduct a pre-submission to the FDA in the second half of 2025. A pre-submission is a formal written request to the FDA to
seek feedback on specific portions of the 510(k) submission. The FDA notes that early interaction with the FDA (such as through a pre-submission)
may improve the quality of submissions and shorten total review times.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the third quarter of 2024, we have successfully completed the ISO 10993 biocompatibility tests required by the FDA. In the context
of our 510(k) clearance process, the ISO 10993 biocompatibility tests evaluate the interactions between a medical device and living tissues
or cells to assess its safety. These tests are carried out to determine the potential risks associated with the device, such as cytotoxicity,
sensitization, irritation, systemic toxicity and implantation effects. These tests are required by regulatory authorities to ensure the
compatibility of a device with biological systems before it can be marketed and used. The ISO 10993 test results complete the 510(k)
dossier. We intend to present our 510(k) submission to the FDA in 2025. </span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
510(k) clearance process is a regulatory pathway in the U.S. for demonstrating a new medical device&#8217;s substantial equivalence to
an existing legally marketed device. Manufacturers submit a premarket notification to the FDA, providing detailed device information
and comparing it to a predicate device. The FDA reviews the submission and, if complete and meeting requirements, grants 510(k) clearance
for marketing and selling the device in the U.S. for its intended use. For more details on the 510(k) clearance process, please see &#8220;Government
Regulation &#8211; Laws and Regulations Relating to Medical Devices and Cosmeceutical Products &#8211; United States Regulation &#8211;
510(k) Clearance Process&#8221; in this report.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
expect our bullfrog collagen sponge dressings to fall under the category of &#8220;wound dressing with animal-derived material(s)&#8221;
according to the relevant categorization of the FDA. These medical devices are assigned the product code &#8220;KGN&#8221;. According
to the FDA, medical devices classified under the KGN product code are considered &#8220;pre-amendments, unclassified device type,&#8221;
meaning that they have been in commercial distribution prior to May 28, 1976. Currently, they are regulated through the 510(k) pathway
and can be cleared for marketing if they demonstrate substantial equivalence to legally marketed predicate devices in terms of intended
use and technological characteristics. As these devices are unclassified, there is no specific regulation associated with the product
code. As of the date of this Annual Report, the FDA has granted clearance to over 150 devices under the KGN product code. However, despite
the current unclassified status of devices under the KGN product code, the FDA has proposed classifying them as Class II (special controls)
medical devices in October 2022.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">According
to an article titled &#8220;Learn if a Medical Device Has Been Cleared by FDA for Marketing&#8221; published on the FDA&#8217;s website,
only a small percentage of 510(k)s require clinical data to support a marketing clearance by the FDA. Furthermore, according to an article
published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2019, the FDA typically does not mandate premarket clinical evidence for moderate-risk
devices. Such evidence is requested for less than 10% of applications. According to the same article, clinical trials are typically conducted
for Class III medical devices. Therefore, we do not believe we will be required to conduct clinical trials to obtain FDA approval for
our bullfrog collagen sponge dressing products. However, the final determination regarding the requirement for us to undergo clinical
trials lies at the discretion of the FDA, and there is no guarantee that our product will obtain FDA approval.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Contingent
on receiving our FDA 510(k) clearance in a timely manner, we expect the bullfrog sponge dressings to first become commercially available
to medical device distributors in the first half of 2026 in the United States. In addition, we are taking steps to make the product commercially
available in Singapore. We are currently in discussion with a government healthcare group in Singapore to commence clinical trials, targeted
for 2025, to test for the clinical safety and efficacy of our bullfrog sponge dressing on patients in a formalized trial. The bullfrog
sponge dressing is intended to compete with other forms of animal-derived collagen for wound care dressings currently available in Singapore.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to the United States and Singapore, we intend to make our bullfrog sponge dressings available in several markets including Hong
Kong, mainland China, Saudi Arabia, and countries in the ASEAN region, subject to the completion of the relevant R&amp;D work and progress
of the regulatory approval by the relevant authorities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Besides
the bullfrog sponge dressings that make up the first phase of our bullfrog collagen line of chronic wound care products, we have commenced
the relevant research works into other bullfrog collagen-based wound care products. One such area of research will be a hydrogel to be
used specifically in wound cavities. Wound dressing products using bullfrog collagen, such as the hydrogel, are expected to be on an
accelerated regulatory timeline as the biocompatibility tests for bullfrog collagen are anticipated to be completed by the end of 2025.
As such, we expect the bullfrog hydrogel to become commercially available in 2026.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Leveraging
the NTU&#8217;s industrial knowhow, we expect to manufacture our bullfrog collagen line of chronic wound care products at scale to meet
the demands of our chosen market. For more information regarding novel collagen production technology and our collaboration with NTU,
please see &#8220;&#8211; Research and Development&#8221; in this section.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Selected
Published Studies on Our Pipeline Products</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Hirudotherapy</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hirudotherapy
has been traditionally used for bloodletting and treating inflammation, thrombosis, phlebitis, varicosity, and pain in traditional medicine
in certain parts of the world. Several clinical studies have investigated the effectiveness of hirudotherapy in treating non-healing
chronic wounds, including ulcerated wounds and DFUs.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">An
article published in the Asian Journal of Medical Case Reports for Traditional and Alternative Medicine in 2017 compiled a retrospective
review of ten patients with DFUs who had undergone hirudotherapy between 2015 and 2016. Each of these patients had had a history of sequential
foot ulcers. The wounds of these patients did not respond to common treatments, as the flow of blood to these ulcers were limited/insufficient
and based on the advice of an orthopedic surgeon, amputation was ordered by the physician. The article stated that hirudotherapy was
performed for some patients in the group. 10 to twelve leeches were applied inside and around the patients&#8217; wounds once every three
to seven days, for a total of ten sessions. The patients who received hirudotherapy saw their DFUs completely cured following 40&#8211;60
days of this treatment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Another
controlled case series study, which was published in the Journal of the German Society of Dermatology in 2010 reported the use of medical
leeches in reconstructive surgery for 23 patients with necrotic skin flaps and hematomas. Hirudotherapy started an average of 2.6 days
following these patients&#8217; surgical interventions. On average, 2.6 leeches were applied to patients&#8217; wounds, with a mean of
1.7 treatment sessions per patient. The researcher reported that 87% of these patients (20/23) showed restitution and integration of
their skin flaps after their hirudotherapy. Clinical improvement was noticed after 1.1 days on average. Although prolonged bleeding occurred,
lasting up to two days, no further adverse reactions or complications were observed.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
avoidance of imminent amputation is also reported by an article published in the International Wound Journal in 2016. The patient concerned
presented with a severe non-healing DFU and faced the prospect of imminent amputation. The wound was extremely painful (rated as 80/100&#8239;mm
on a visual analogue scale), gangrenous and foul-smelling. Following the hirudotherapy, the author reported that the patient&#8217;s
pain score decreased to 0&#8211;10&#8239;mm within 20 days and no further analgesics were required. After four months, the necrotic areas
had disappeared, and the wound was completely healed.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
number of single patient observation-based case studies published in the Asian Journal of Medical Case Reports for Traditional and Alternative
Medicine, Traditional and Integrative Medicine and Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine between 2016 and 2017 provide further
empirical evidence with regard to hirudotherapy in the management of chronic wounds. These reports describe the successful use of hirudotherapy
in various patients who did not respond to conventional treatment, including the inability to use antibiotics and anti-inflammation treatments.
</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Bullfrog
Collagen</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
current study of the novel bullfrog collagen conducted by NTU has involved in vitro studies characterizing its properties and comparing
it to existing marine and mammalian collagen, as well as in vivo studies testing its safety and efficacy in diabetic-induced animal (rat)
models. Notably, as identified in these studies, the bullfrog collagen extracted by NTU, is a type 1 collagen, with an intact triple
helix which exists as nano-collagen fibers. The nano fibers are around 175-187% thinner than mammalian collagen fibers. In vitro tests
showed around 90% wound closure at the 24-hour time point, as compared to commercially available bovine collagen, which showed around
34% closure in the same time.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, based on the patent application we have licensed from NTU regarding &#8220;Bullfrog skin-derived collagen, materials comprising
thereof, and its application in wound healing,&#8221; as well as the research data obtained by NTU, bullfrog collagen is more biocompatible
as shown by its rapid integration into the wound beds when used as a bio-dressing as compared to bovine collagen, making it more effective
in facilitating wound closure. Bullfrog collagen is also soluble in water at a near neutral pH, which expands its potential use in water-based
products. Furthermore, bullfrog collagen possesses greater thermal stability compared to marine-derived collagen, which reduces the likelihood
of the collagen denaturing on wound beds, and decreases associated storage and logistics costs. These findings highlight the potential
of bullfrog collagen as a beneficial biomaterial for wound care.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Given
that using bullfrog collagen for wound care solutions is relatively new, no studies on human trials have been identified as of the date
of this Annual Report.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Our
Future Wound Care Product Candidates</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are also exploring a number of additional product candidates for chronic wound care treatment that we consider to be potentially promising
including, among others, insect derived bioactive compounds, sustainable chitosan matrix, medical honey and botanically derived bioactive
compounds. As of the date of this Annual Report t, no substantive R&amp;D work on these potential product candidates had commenced. We
consider the below product candidates to be promising because of the following reasons:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Insect
    derived bioactive compounds:</i> The secretions from insects such as Lucilia Sericata or Lucilia Cuprina have evolved unique biochemistry
    that is beneficial in clinical medicine. The larvae, for instance, generate enzymes, proteins, and factors, that liquify necrotic
    tissue, inhibit the growth of bacteria and stimulate exposed tissue responses. Understanding these biochemical pathways and extracting
    and exploiting them would allow for their incorporation into our future product development.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Sustainable
    Chitosan matrix:</i> Chitosan is a biocompatible biopolymer that exhibits bacteriostatic, fungistatic, film-forming, antimicrobial,
    anti-inflammatory, and hemostatic (blood-clotting) properties that are crucial to wound treatment. Identifying sustainable sources
    with the unique properties would give us a favorable Collagen-Chitosan matrix.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Medical
    honey:</i> Identifying honeys from tropical bee species with specific properties that make them favorable for use as a medical product.
    These honeys can be useful for helping to prepare the wound bed for optimal healing, reduce edema, lower wound pH, and maintain microbe
    free environments.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Botanically
    derived bioactive compounds:</i> Identifying sustainable sources of medicinal plants that contain pharmacological properties that
    can be extracted for use. Centella asiatica for instance, contains several bioactive compounds known as triterpenoids e.g. asiatic
    acid, and asiaticoside, which when consumed or delivered through the skin provide strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and wound-healing&#160;properties.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Our
Cosmeceutical Products</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
2023, we established our cosmeceuticals business in order to further profit from the technologies and expertise dealing with natural
bioactives that we obtained from research and production of our chronic wound care products. In particular, we believe that bullfrog
collagen, owing to its beneficial properties as described above, will serve as the foundation ingredient in the line of cosmeceutical
product candidates that we intend to explore and offer in the future. While we work to develop and refine our process of extracting,
purifying and concentrating bullfrog collagen, we have introduced one hydrating balm product in the first half of 2023 and two additional
products, including a muscle energy cream and a pain relief muscle patch in the fourth quarter of 2023, in collaboration with third party
manufacturers and distributors for the purpose of establishing our position as a provider of cosmeceutical products, promoting our brand
name and building sales networks.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
Commercialized Cosmeceutical Product</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the date of this Annual Report, we had three commercialized cosmeceutical products. </span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>MEND
Skin Restoration Balm</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">MEND
Skin Restoration Balm is a hydrating balm that caters to the skincare needs of individuals who engage in manual labor or sports activities
that may cause wear or damage to their hands. We commissioned a Singapore-based OEM of skincare products for the relevant R&amp;D work
to create a customized formulation that meets the needs and preferences of the targeted customer base.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
balm&#8217;s key ingredients include collagen and hydroxyethyl urea to provide hydration to the skin. The formulation also includes a
blend of natural plant extracts for their skin-soothing and restorative properties. The balm is considered a cosmetic product under the
relevant regulations of the HSA.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Singapore-based OEM manufactures the raw material under the CGMP clean room environment. We oversee the development of the balm&#8217;s
formulation, production of the empty cosmetics tubes and logistics for raw materials. We then purchase the raw materials consisting of
empty cosmetics tubes and cream in bulk, and fill and seal the final product at our own manufacturing facility. Full Crimp Milk LLP,
or Full Crimp Milk, with whom we have entered into a partnership agreement, oversees the sales and marketing of MEND Skin Restoration
Balm.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
material terms of such agreement are set out below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 26%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Commencement
    date </b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 72%"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">January
                                            26, 2023</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Parties
    to the agreement</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.
                                            Cuprina Pte. Ltd.</span></p>
                                                         <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.
    Full Crimp Milk LLP</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Profit
    Sharing</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
                                            party shall be entitled to receive 50% of all revenues generated from the sales of MEND Skin
                                            Restoration Balm, and both parties shall equally contribute 50% of the capital required for
                                            development and manufacturing costs.</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Our
    primary responsibilities </b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.
                                            Formulation of MEND ingredients, including sourcing for formulators that adhere to GMP standards
                                            to ensure quality and consistency in the product;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.
    filling and sealing of MEND cream into the printed tubes as a finished product;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii.
    delivering the finished product to Full Crimp Milk for sales; and</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iv.
    provide support to Full Crimp Milk when necessary, for example, manpower support during large-scale marketing campaigns or events.</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Full
    Crimp Milk primary responsibilities</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.
                                            Preparation for product launch;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.
    sales of the product, including (1) direct sales, and/or through distribution, and (2) determining the appropriate retail price of
    the finished product that is compatible with customers&#8217; willingness to pay and cost of the product;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii.
    marketing of the product, including through Full Crimp Milk&#8217;s social media accounts;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iv.
    distribution of finished products to customers; and</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">v.
    collecting customer feedback to improve the product.</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Termination</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    agreement shall terminate at a date mutually agreed upon between the parties.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
balm is currently available through a variety of channels, including retailers and gyms in Singapore and other countries such as Malaysia
and Australia, as well as online shopping platforms such as Shopee.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the future, once the novel collagen production technology becomes available, we plan to incorporate the bullfrog collagen into the balm&#8217;s
formula as a superior substitute for the collagen in the current formula.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>ENDURE
Muscle Energy Cream</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ENDURE
Muscle Energy Cream is a product designed to meet the needs of sportsmen and athletes who require a high-performing energy cream to enhance
their physical performance. The cream is created using transdermal delivery technology, delivering energy directly to the muscles through
the skin. The cream is considered a health supplement under the relevant HSA regulations, which is not subject to approval and licensing
by HSA for the manufacture and sales of the product in Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ENDURE
Muscle Energy Cream combines ribose, creatine, carnitine and caffeine to relieve muscle fatigue. The formula was created by a Singapore-based
pharmaceutical company. It manufactures the cream for us in its manufacturing facility. We are responsible for branding, marketing and
sales of the cream. We have launched the product in Singapore through a direct-to-consumer sales channel on our own website as well as
Shopee, an online shopping platform, as well as through various gyms acting as our distributors in the fourth quarter of 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Activ
Labs Cool Relief Muscle Patch</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Activ
Labs Cool Relief Muscle Patch is designed to provide temporary relief for aches and pains associated with joint paint, ankle sprains,
ligament sprains, backaches and muscle pain.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
muscle patch contains various ingredients, including menthol, sodium hyaluronate, glucosamine, and chondroitin, which work synergistically
to reduce swelling, relieve pain, and cool the affected area. Our muscle patch is considered under the category of &#8220;medicated oils,
balms, and medicated plasters&#8221; by the HSA. These products do not require approvals or licensing from HSA for their importation,
manufacture and sales.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
muscle patch is developed in conjunction with an OEM based in mainland China specializing in producing medical and non-medical external
preparations, which creates the formula for and manufactures the products. We oversee the branding, marketing and sales of the muscle
patch. We have launched the product in Singapore through a direct-to-consumer sales channel on our own website, as well as through various
gyms acting as our distributors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
Future Cosmeceutical Product Candidates</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will explore a number of cosmeceutical product candidates incorporating bullfrog collagen once our novel collagen production technology
is fully-developed. Products we will consider include, among others, cosmetic scar repair hydrogel and other collagen skincare and cosmetic
products, for sale directly to both consumers and/or distributors as end products, as well as to cosmetic companies as formulating ingredients.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the date of this Annual Report, no substantive R&amp;D work on these product candidates had commenced. Subject to the progress of
the future R&amp;D work, our goal is to convert these candidates into pipeline products and make them commercially available in batches
from the second half of 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Overseas
Collaborations</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
achieve our strategic objectives, we have entered into various collaboration agreements with local partners in Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong
and mainland China.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
Saudi Arabia, we have entered into a joint venture agreement with a local medical services company in May 2022, and are currently in
the process of registering our maggot-based chronic wound care products with the SFDA. As of the date of this Annual Report, we had subscribed
to the ordinary shares in the JV company for cash payable in the amount of Saudi Riyal 406,700 (approximately S$147,000) to support the
working capital of the JV company and had made full contributions of Saudi Riyal 406,700 (approximately S$147,000) towards our collaboration
with New Future Medical Services Company. We do not have any future payment obligations, and the future revenue generated from the JV
company will be divided based on the percentage of equity held by the shareholders of the JV company. As of the date of this Annual Report,
we held a 49% interest in the JV company. The material terms of the agreement are set out below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 26%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Parties</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 72%"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.
                                            Cuprina Pte. Ltd.</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.
    New Future Medical Services Company</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Primary
    objectives </b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
                                            incorporate a joint venture entity in Saudi Arabia, the principal objectives of which will
                                            be:</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.
    the establishment of an insectary and laboratory to manufacture our maggot-based chronic wound care products in Saudi Arabia;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.
    the distribution and sale of such products in the Middle East and North Africa, or the relevant territories; and</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii.
    the incorporation of one or more subsidiaries, or the appointment of third-party distributors within the relevant territories to
    achieve better market penetration.</span></p></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 26%"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Our
                                            primary responsibilities</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 72%"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.
                                            Licensing of rights, including intellectual property rights, to the products for the JV company
                                            to exploit within the relevant territories;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.
    overseeing the design, set-up, operation and management of the insectary and laboratory to be set up in Saudi Arabia;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii.
    providing all required information and documents to facilitate all required registrations of the Product within the relevant territories;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iv.
    training of local staff in the sale and distribution of the products within the relevant territories; and</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">v.
    granting the JV company the right of first refusal to future new products and technology developed by us on terms and conditions
    to be agreed.</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>New
    Future Medical Services Company&#8217;s primary responsibilities</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.
                                            Preparing a comprehensive business plan for the JV company;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.
    identifying and proposing viable options for locating the insectary and laboratory for manufacturing the products in Saudi Arabia;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii.
    overseeing all sales and distribution activities of the JV company within the relevant territories;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iv.
    overseeing, managing and ensuring all required medical device registrations of the products with the SFDA and all other regulatory
    agencies within the relevant territories;</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Term
    and termination </b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">with
                                            respect to any one shareholder of the JV company when:</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.
    such shareholder ceases to be a member of the JV company in accordance with the provisions of this agreement. If, following any such
    transfer by one shareholder, there remains more than one shareholder bound by the provisions of this agreement, then this agreement
    shall continue in full force and effect as between the continuing shareholders;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.
    a bankruptcy or winding-up order is made against such shareholder; or</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii.
    the JV company&#8217;s shares become listed and are thereby freely transferable or tradable on a recognized stock exchange.</span></p></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
Hong Kong, we have collaborated with Advanced Biotech and Engineering Limited and signed an exclusive distribution and cooperation and
profit-sharing agreement for our MEDIFLY products, which became effective in June 2023, the material terms of which are set out below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 26%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Parties</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 74%"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.
                                            Cuprina Pte. Ltd.</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.
    Advanced Biotech and Engineering Limited, or Advanced Biotech</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Primary
    objective</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            granted Advanced Biotech a sole and exclusive, non-transferable, non-sub-licensable, non-assignable,
                                            license to develop, market, promote, sell, and deliver the MEDIFLY products within Hong Kong
                                            on an exclusive basis.</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Our
                                            primary responsibilities</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.
                                            provide the MEDIFLY products manufactured by us to Advanced Biotech at the designated destination
                                            of Advanced Biotech in proper packaging to ensure the quality of such products upon delivery
                                            to Advanced Biotech;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.
    provide literature and merchandising aids, including promotional materials to enable Advanced Biotech to distribute to potential
    customers;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii.
    any and all liabilities claims against the products shall remain with us;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iv.
    we will not appoint any other distributor(s) to sell MEDIFLY products in Hong Kong.</span></p></td></tr>
  </table>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 26%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Advanced
    Biotech and Engineering Limited&#8217;s primary responsibilities</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 72%"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.
                                            Provide support and advice on promoting, selling or marketing and develop with its specialty
                                            know-how, the Products and distribute new and updated technical and sales literature to customers
                                            as provided by us;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.
    use commercially reasonable efforts to develop, promote, market and sell the Products within Hong Kong and shall convene related
    activities to promote the Products twice every two years;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii.
    provide quarterly sales information to us; and</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iv.
    obtain on behalf of and for the benefit of either or both parties to the agreement including all licenses necessary in Hong Kong
    to carry on the manufacture and sale of the Products;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Payment
    and profit sharing</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            parties to the agreement will share in the gross profits derived from the sales of the products
                                            on a 50/50 basis; and</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Term
    and termination </b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    agreement shall last for five years from the date of execution and thereafter automatically renew until terminated by one hundred
    and eighty (180) days&#8217; prior written notice by either party to the agreement.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
mainland China, we have collaborated with Nan&#8217;ao (Beijing) Hospital Management Co., Ltd., for the purpose of registering our maggot-based
chronic wound care products with the NMPA. To this end, we have entered into an Agreement to Collaborate and Protect Confidentiality
in August 2022, and the material terms of which are set out below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 26%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Parties</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 74%"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.
                                            Cuprina Pte. Ltd.</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.
    Nan&#8217;ao (Beijing) Hospital Management Co., Ltd. or Nan&#8217;ao</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Primary
    objectives </b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registration
                                            of our maggot-based chronic wound care products with the NMPA</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Arrangement
                                            between parties</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.
                                            We authorize Nan&#8217;ao to fully represent us to engage Shanghai Zhangjiang Yidiantong
                                            Technology Co., Ltd., or Yidiantong, to perform services relating to the classification and
                                            definition of our maggot-based chronic wound care products in the registration of technical
                                            services for medical device products and other related technical services;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.
    we shall provide Nan&#8217;ao with product-related information as required by the NMPA or other relevant legal authorities, and entrust
    Yidiantong to provide all services required to register our products to be registered as medical device by the NMPA or other relevant
    legal authorities; and</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii.
    we entrust Nan&#8217;ao to be responsible for the management and liaison with Yidiantong to apply for classification and determination
    to the NMPA on whether our maggot-based chronic wound care product is a medical device, and what types of medical devices belong
    to it, and to track the progress of the application. Yidiantong shall convey all queries given by the NMPA to us and Nan&#8217;ao,
    which in turn shall endeavor to answer and if necessary, submit supplementary materials in accordance with the prescribed format
    until the final classification definition notice is obtained. If the NMPA determines that the product needs to hold an expert discussion
    meeting, Yidiantong will assume the responsibility to provide expert meeting coordination and meeting materials.</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Fee</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            total service fee payable to Nan&#8217;ao is RMB50,000.</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    service fee payable to Yidiantong will be negotiated separately between Yidiantong and us.</span></p></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Research
and Development</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, we had four team members responsible for our R&amp;D work who work collaboratively to develop innovative solutions
in various aspects of our wound care market. Our R&amp;D team is led by Mr. Baptista, our founder and CTO, who oversees ideation, regulatory
affairs, clinical affairs and communications. In October 2023, Dr. Naresh Waran Gnanasegaran joined us as the head of our R&amp;D team.
He is a Good Clinical Practice certified cell biologist. Before joining us, he was a senior regulatory specialist at the HSA. He also
worked as a researcher for the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, which is a major research enterprise established by
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in partnership with the National Research Foundation of Singapore, and the Agency for Science,
Technology and Research established under the Ministry of Trade and Industry of Singapore. Our R&amp;D team comprises members who hold
degrees in relevant fields, including biotechnology, pharmaceutical sciences, biomedical engineering, entomology and product design engineering.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
team follows a well-defined workflow that is detailed below.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 26%"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Ideation</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><img src="form20-f_003.jpg" alt=""/></span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 72%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ideation
    begins with identifying a sustainable in-house capability to generate a raw material or the potential to utilize waste material as
    a side stream, which will become the foundation to generate a novel medical device. Ideation typically takes approximately one month
    to complete. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Literature
                                            Review</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><img src="form20-f_003.jpg" alt=""/></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
    the context of medical device product development, the literature review involves an exploration of existing scientific research,
    medical literature, industry guidelines, and regulatory standards relevant to the proposed medical device. This step helps the development
    team understand the medical landscape, existing technologies, clinical practices, and safety considerations associated with the specific
    medical domain the device aims to address. Literature review typically takes approximately one month to complete.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Preliminary
                                            Investigation</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><img src="form20-f_003.jpg" alt=""/></span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Preliminary
    investigation in medical device development focuses on initial research to assess the feasibility and potential impact of the proposed
    medical device. This phase involves investigating factors such as the clinical need, patient population, potential competitors, regulatory
    requirements, and potential risks associated with the device&#8217;s use. The aim is to establish the viability of the device concept
    before proceeding further. Preliminary investigation typically takes approximately one month to complete.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Process
                                            Investigation</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><img src="form20-f_003.jpg" alt=""/></span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Process
    investigation in medical device development involves a thorough examination of the technical and operational aspects required to
    design and manufacture the device. This includes determining the materials, manufacturing processes, sterilization methods, and quality
    control procedures necessary to ensure the device&#8217;s safety, efficacy, and compliance with medical standards. Process investigation
    typically takes around one month to complete.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Prototyping</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><img src="form20-f_003.jpg" alt=""/></span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prototyping
    in the medical device context entails creating a functional prototype of the device. This prototype is used for testing and validation
    purposes, enabling the development team to identify potential design flaws, usability issues, and other concerns. It also aids in
    communicating the device&#8217;s concept to stakeholders, including medical professionals, clinical studies review boards and potential
    investors. Prototyping typically takes between one and three months to complete. However, the specific duration required for this
    step depends heavily on the nature of the product being developed. </span></td></tr>

<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Process
                                            Review</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><img src="form20-f_003.jpg" alt=""/></span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Process
    review involves evaluating the outcomes of the prototyping phase and refining the design and manufacturing processes accordingly.
    This iterative process ensures that the device&#8217;s design aligns with its intended medical application and that any technical
    challenges are addressed before proceeding to the next stages. Process review typically takes approximately three months to complete.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Process
                                            Optimization</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><img src="form20-f_003.jpg" alt=""/></span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Process
    optimization focuses on refining the manufacturing processes to ensure consistent quality, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness.
    In medical device development, this may involve optimizing production workflows, materials sourcing, and quality assurance procedures
    to meet regulatory standards while maintaining efficiency and functionality. Process optimization typically takes approximately three
    months to complete. However, the specific duration required for this step depends heavily on the nature of the product being developed.</span></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="margin: 0; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin: 0; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></p>

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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 26%"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Documentation
                                            for Regulatory Standards</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><img src="form20-f_003.jpg" alt=""/></span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 72%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Given
    the stringent regulatory requirements in the medical device industry, thorough documentation is essential. This includes creating
    design documentation, risk assessments, clinical evaluation reports, and other essential documentation necessary to demonstrate the
    device&#8217;s safety, performance, and compliance with applicable regulations. Documentation for regulatory standards typically
    takes approximately six months to complete.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Production
                                            Validation</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><img src="form20-f_003.jpg" alt=""/></span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Production
    validation involves testing and validating the manufacturing processes to ensure that the medical devices produced consistently meet
    quality and performance specifications. This step ensures that the devices manufactured in larger quantities maintain the same level
    of quality as the prototypes. This step also ensure that the production process meet CGMP/ current good laboratory practices, or
    CGLP standards for international compliance. Production validation typically takes approximately one month to complete.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Regulatory
                                            Approval</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><img src="form20-f_003.jpg" alt=""/></span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Regulatory
    approval is a critical phase in medical device development. It involves preparing and submitting samples for biocompatibility tests
    and then documentation requirements satisfy regulatory authorities (such as the FDA, HSA, etc.) review and approval. The documentation
    demonstrates the device&#8217;s safety and effectiveness, as well as its compliance with applicable regulations and standards. Regulatory
    approval typically takes between three and six months to complete. However, the exact duration for this step heavily depends on the
    nature of the product under development and the specific jurisdiction in which approval is sought. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Commercialization</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Commercialization
    in medical device development entails the strategic planning and execution of activities to introduce the device to the market. This
    includes a clinical review/trial process, developing marketing strategies, establishing distribution channels, setting pricing, training
    medical professionals on device use, and ensuring post-market surveillance to monitor the device&#8217;s performance and safety.
    Commercialization typically takes between six and eight months to complete. However, the duration may vary depending on factors such
    as the number of locations involved and the size of the patient population for the clinical study. </span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to in-house R&amp;D efforts, we believe that it is imperative to accelerate our R&amp;D advancement through collaborative research
with institutes of higher learning, government agencies and/or third-party companies that have adjunct technology for use. Leveraging
the technological expertise of external research partners keeps us nimble, objective driven and allows us to work on multiple products
simultaneously. It also gives us the ability to utilize and commercialize innovative intellectual properties developed by these research
partners in our products through arrangements such as technology licensing agreements and joint research collaboration. In particular,
we have worked closely with NTU for the development of our pipeline products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Licensing
Agreement with NTU</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
June 3, 2022, we entered into a licensing agreement with NTU, pursuant to which NTU agreed to grant us an exclusive license to develop,
make, have made, import into, export from, offer for sale, sell and have sold products developed incorporating licensed technology primarily
including a utility patent application relating to bullfrog skin-derived collagen and its use as a wound dressing material (together
with any future divisional, continuation or reissue applications of such patent application, and all patents issuing from the application,
the &#8220;Licensed Patents&#8221;) and unpublished R&amp;D information, technical information, manufacturing technology, formulae, data,
protocols, designs and other information in relation to bullfrog skin-derived collagen and its use as a wound dressing material (the
&#8220;Licensed Proprietary Materials&#8221;). The license rights will terminate on a country-by-country basis upon the last to expire
of any patents under the Licensed Patents or the end of a period of 20 years from the date of the first commercial sale of Licensed Products
(as defined below). We undertook and agreed with NTU that we would procure a first commercial sale of a Licensed Product within three
years of the signing date of the agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, we are required to make milestone payments to NTU
in the following amounts: (i) S$25,000 upon signing the agreement, (ii) S$15,000 on the first anniversary of the signing date, and (iii)
S$15,000 on the second anniversary of the signing date. As of the date of this Annual Report, all of these payments have been made according
to schedule and we have made aggregate payments of S$55,000 to NTU under the agreement. In addition to the milestone payments, we will
pay to NTU royalties in respect of all sales, leases or other transfers of licensed products during the term of the agreement at the
following rates: (i) 3.5% of net sales of any product or service the making, using, selling or import of which is covered by any claim
of any patent under the Licensed Patents (the &#8220;Patented Licensed Products&#8221;); and (ii) 2.5% of net sales of any product or
service, other than Patented Licensed Products, that incorporates or that is or was developed in whole or in part through the use or
application of any of the Licensed Proprietary Materials (the &#8220;Other Licensed Products&#8221;, together with the Patented Licensed
Products, the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the annual royalty payments fall below S$15,000, the Licensee will compensate NTU with additional royalties to reach the minimum sum
of S$15,000 per year. This requirement will be effective three years from the signing date and throughout the term of the agreement.
As of the date of this Annual Report, NTU can terminate the agreement by written notice if (i) we breach a material term, including non-payment
or failure to meet performance milestones; (ii) we assert intellectual property rights against NTU; (iii) we cease or announce the intention
to cease our business; (iv) we become insolvent, unable to pay debts, or enter into arrangements with creditors; (v) we go into liquidation,
except for bona fide reconstruction or amalgamation; or (vi) we have a receiver or judicial manager appointed. We may terminate the agreement
with a written notice of ninety (90) days in advance to NTU.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Novel
Collagen Production Process</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have an exclusive license for process technology developed by NTU for scale-up and commercial production of bullfrog collagen for our
planned bullfrog collagen wound care products. Such license encompasses the extraction, purification, and concentration of the collagen
at scale.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
intend that this process will be compliant with FDA 510(K) standards and follow CGMP regulations. Additionally, the manufacturing process
will be carried out in an ISO 7 (Class 10,000) cleanroom to ensure satisfactory quality standards. Furthermore, the process has shown
higher extraction yield and requires less extraction time, making it more efficient and sustainable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Below
is a chart showing the steps required for producing bullfrog collagen using the process mentioned above:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><img src="form20-f_004.jpg" alt=""/><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Industry
Research Collaboration Agreement with NTU</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 22, 2022, we entered into an industry research collaboration agreement with NTU, pursuant to which both parties agreed to jointly
undertake a research project regarding the development and validation of American bullfrog (<i>Lithobates catesbeianus</i>) skin waste
to generate collagen-based wound products, or the Joint Research Project. The scope of the collaboration includes biomaterial (bullfrog
collagen sponge dressings/hydrogels) development, biomaterial characterization (in vitro degradation, mechanical properties, ultrastructure,
self-healing properties), in vitro cell studies (cytocompatibility, cell adhesion, immunogenicity, wound healing assays) and in vivo
animal studies (functional wound healing assessment in diabetic rats).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
term of the agreement will continue for 18 months and may be extended by mutual agreement. The term of the agreement has subsequently
been extended for another twelve months upon the expiry of the original term of 18 months by the parties to the agreement. The deliverables
of the Joint Research Project include optimized processing parameters for bullfrog collagen sponge dressings and hydrogels wound healing
platforms, in vitro data to evaluate biocompatibility of the developed wound healing products, and preclinical in vivo data to evaluate
functional performance of the wound healing products, the latter two deliverables will be provided solely by NTU. As of the date of the
report, the Joint Research Project has achieved several milestones in the development of bullfrog collagen-based chronic wound care products.
These milestones include the extraction and detailed characterization of bullfrog collagen, as well as the processing and characterization
of the bullfrog collagen sponge. Furthermore, in vivo studies and analyses have been conducted on the bullfrog collagen sponge. The remaining
material phases of the Joint Research Project involve the processing and characterization of the bullfrog collagen hydrogel, followed
by in vitro studies on the hydrogel. Subsequently, the Joint Research Project will proceed with further in vivo studies to assess the
effectiveness and potential applications of both the bullfrog collagen sponge and hydrogel.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Intellectual
property that is first generated, conceived, produced, developed or reduced to practice in the course of performing the Joint Research
Project, or Foreground IP, and is created or developed solely by one party to the agreement without any inventive contribution from the
other party, will be the sole and exclusive property of the inventing party. All Foreground IP created or developed jointly by NTU and
us, or Joint IP, will be jointly owned in equal undivided shares by both parties. The commercialization of the Joint IP will be governed
by a separate written agreement to be entered into at a later date. As of the date of this Annual Report, we have not entered into such
commercialization agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will contribute the funding of the Joint Research Project, while NTU will provide in-kind contributions primarily including research
equipment and manpower. In particular, our funding includes approximately S$333,450 for: (i) a postdoctoral fellow leading biomaterials
development and evaluation; (ii) general lab consumables and specific items needed for various tests; (iii) other miscellaneous items
including equipment maintenance, core facility charges, transportation and publication costs; and (iv) a 30% overhead charge on the total
direct project cost. As of the date of this Annual Report, we had settled 50% of our contributions under this agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
agreement can be terminated by written consent of either party to the agreement under the following circumstances: (i) material breach
by the terminated party, either incapable of rectification or not rectified within thirty (30) days of notice; (ii) engagement in activities
that may expose NTU to sanctions, prohibitions, restrictions, laws, or regulations; (iii) non-approval or revocation of approval by the
relevant institutional review board for the Joint Research Project; (iv) termination or revocation of any grant provided for the Joint
Research Project; or (v) events such as the appointment of a receiver, liquidation, inability to pay debts, or cessation of business
by the terminated party, as permitted by law. In addition, either party can withdraw from the agreement by providing thirty (30) days&#8217;
prior written notice, resulting in effective termination at the end of the notice period for that party.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Sales
and Marketing</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, our sales and marketing team consisted of three country managers and one business development lead, all of whom
are located in Singapore. The country managers, in collaboration with the business development lead, are responsible for overseeing all
sales and marketing activities within their respective designated territories including (i) Singapore, (ii) Hong Kong and mainland China,
(iii) South East Asia (excluding Singapore and (iv) Saudi Arabia, respectively, and customer segments, while our business development
lead is primarily responsible for overseeing all pipeline activities, identifying potential customers, and developing and executing strategic
plans aimed at driving revenue growth and expanding our customer base.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
sales of our commercialized chronic wound care products are managed through a combination of direct sales force and distributors, depending
on the geographic markets where our products are sold. In Singapore, our country managers, acting as sales representative, work closely
with local physicians in a diverse array of public and private hospitals to demonstrate our chronic wound care products in their respective
care settings and provide comprehensive support throughout the sales process such as providing post-marketing surveys and product evaluation
forms and maintaining 24/7 hotline for clinical support. In Hong Kong, we rely on our local partner, to whom we have granted exclusive
rights, to distribute our maggot-based chronic wound care products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
our cosmeceutical products, the sales of MEND Skin Restoration Balm are managed through our collaborative venture with Full Crimp Milk,
which assumes the responsibility for sales efforts. Its sales efforts encompass two main aspects, namely, business-to-business and business-to-consumer,
which include both identifying gyms in Singapore and other countries to establish them as authorized distributors for the product, as
well as operating its Shopee platform and its own dedicated Full Crimp Milk website to facilitate direct-to-consumer sales. For ENDURE
Muscle Energy Cream and Activ Labs Cool Relief Muscle Patch, we adopted a similar approach by both offering them through gyms as authorized
distributors, as well as on our own website and Shopee platform.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
current marketing strategy for the commercialized chronic wound care product primarily employ the following measures:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">actively
    engage with physicians through education and training events, conferences, and collaborations on research projects and clinical trials;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">enhancing
    our online presence through website optimization, social media platforms, and targeted online advertising to promote our brand and
    products. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">participating
    in prominent wound conferences, engaging in booths and tradeshows, and seizing opportunities for direct engagement with healthcare
    professionals and industry experts. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Key
    Opinion Leader (KOL) engagement and management is a significant aspect of our marketing efforts. We collaborate with influential
    clinicians who inspire confidence, provide invaluable insights, and promote our therapies and products. This approach is particularly
    important given the nature of our therapies, which often require the endorsement of respected doctors and clinicians.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
MEND Skin Restoration Balm, Full Crimp Milk is responsible for the marketing of the product and primarily employs the following measures:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Managing
    the Full Crimp Milk website and its social media platform through the development of various marketing collaterals such as posters,
    educational flyers, and visually appealing images specifically designed for promotion</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Creating
    and maintaining the dedicated MEND Skin Restoration Balm website to raise product awareness and provide product and sales information
    to potential customers. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Actively
    participating in gym booths and events to facilitate direct promotion of the product and engage with potential customers. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Identifying
    and managing potential KOLs who can effectively endorse and advocate for the product.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
oversee the branding and marketing strategy for ENDURE Muscle Energy Cream and Activ Labs Cool Relief Muscle Patch. We list these products
on our website to raise awareness and provide potential customers with product information and sales details. In addition, we promote
our products through gyms to reach our target demographics more directly and effectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Pricing
Policy</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
current commercialized chronic wound care product includes the maggot-based products. Our pricing policy for such product line varies
based on the specific market that we operate and/or the agreements into which we entered with our local partners.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
    Singapore, we have adopted a pricing strategy that combines elements of both penetration pricing and bundling pricing models. By
    initially setting our prices lower, we aim to capture a significant market share and foster widespread adoption. We offer a variety
    of purchase options for patients of different treatment needs, including sale by single vial and unlimited vials within a subscribed
    period of time, such as by week and by month.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
    Hong Kong, prices of our maggot-based products are determined based on the consultation with our exclusive local partner who has
    extensive knowledge of the Hong Kong wound care market.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
adjust the prices of our maggot-based products periodically based on local market conditions, cost fluctuations and other relevant factors
to ensure that they remain competitive and are aligned with relevant industry standards. The pricing models of other wound care products
under development have not been determined.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
current commercialized cosmeceutical products are priced using a &#8220;cost-plus&#8221; strategy, which is assessed against competitor
prices to ensure that our products are attractively priced for our target customers. We consolidate all relevant costs associated with
each unit of the products and apply a markup percentage to arrive at a final selling price. We conduct market research to ensure that
our final selling price is aligned with that of our competitors. To incentivize larger volume orders and foster mutually beneficial relationships
with our distributors, we offer a tiered pricing structure for our current commercialized products, offering price per unit discounts
for purchases of higher quantities by any individual gym.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Major
Customers</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
customers primarily include major public and private hospitals and clinics in Singapore. We do not enter into long-term written sales
agreements with our customers and conduct sales on a case-by-case basis. The terms of our sales are communicated through messaging applications
such as WhatsApp. The key terms (including those with our top customers) include, among others:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    product&#8217;s name, type, quantity and price; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Delivery
    method and payment terms. Delivery is typically made within one day after a purchase order is placed. Payments are typically due
    within 30 days after the completion of treatment.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, sales to our five largest customers collectively accounted for approximately 81.2% and 71.2%, respectively, of our total revenue, and sales to our largest customer accounted for approximately 22.0% and 23.8%, respectively, of
our total revenue.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Manufacturing</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
manufacture internally our MEDIFLY products using our laboratory and use third-party OEM manufacturers for our cosmeceutical products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
MEDIFLY products are manufactured on-site in our laboratory in Singapore and is dependent on the availability of sufficient quantities
of maggots. We breed and collect maggots in our laboratory without relying on any third-party suppliers. Our laboratory consists of an
insectary area, where all life stages of the Cuprina blowflies are maintained, and a microbiology area, where the harvested eggs are
disinfected and processed to become the MEDIFLY products. In the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, and up to the date of this report,
we have not encountered any significant disruptions or capacity constraints that have had a material impact on the production of maggots
or the fulfillment of orders for our MEDIFLY products. Below is the general production procedure used to produce medical grade sterile
maggots used by us :</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
collect colonies of <i>Lucilia cuprina</i> flies from the wild and breed them in our specialized insectary area within our laboratory.
The flies are fed a diet of essential nutrients until they become sexually active, and females become gravid. Gravid females are stimulated
to lay eggs on a high protein substrate, which are then separated, rinsed, and sterilized through multiple washes in a buffered disinfection
solution. Viable eggs are removed and placed into prepared transportation vials containing a nutrient agar transport media. Quality control
measures are taken to ensure the sterility of the eggs and larvae, which are incubated and inspected. The resulting vials of hatched
larvae are labeled and assembled into our final products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
production of MEDIFLY products is based on projected market demand while accounting for orders already received. Besides maggots, we
stock inventory of raw materials, components, and finished products at our facility. We typically maintain sufficient stock of key materials
in inventory to ensure that we have enough materials and finished products to meet customer demand. For example, we maintain vials sufficient
to cover projected demand for the following 26 weeks of production.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
production of MEDIFLY products at our laboratory is certified to the ISO 13485:2016 standards. To secure the relevant FDA 510(k) clearance,
the production of both our commercialized MEDIFLY products and bullfrog collagen related products currently in the pipeline will attain
CGMP certification as part of the 21 CFR Part 820 submission to FDA.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
we expand both geographically and in terms of product offerings in the future, we plan to establish similar manufacturing facilities
in other regions to meet the market demands for our products. To facilitate the future regulatory approval process, we expect all future
laboratories will adhere to the relevant CGMP/ISO 13485/21 CFR Part 820 standards.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Quality
Control and Assurance</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
of our products are directly applied to the human body and are closely related to the life and health of users. Quality and safety are
always our core values. Reliable, safe and stable product quality is an important driving factor for maintaining market competitiveness.
Through our business dealings with major hospitals and medical institutions across Singapore and other countries, we believe that we
have developed a sophisticated quality control management system as well as a strict and effective internal control system in accordance
with the requirements of the relevant laws and regulations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
order to maintain product safety and a high standard of product quality, we have implemented a strict set of quality control policies
and inspection protocols. These policies and protocols are enforced by our quality control and assurance specialist within our production
team along every step of the production to post-production process. We believe our quality control management system is in line with
international standards.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
current quality control and assurance procedures are established according to ISO 13485:2016 international standards, which specifies
requirements for a Quality Management System, or QMS, to be applied by entities involved in the medical device industry. To ensure the
relevance and appropriateness of our QMS system, we undergo yearly audits.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
current quality control and assurance procedures cover various aspects of our business operations, including sales and processing; product
production and delivery; vendor evaluation; purchasing and verification; resource management; equipment calibration; control of nonconformance,
analysis and improvement; risk management; QMS management review; document control; corrective and preventive action; control of quality
records, and internal quality audits.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are currently in the process of updating our QMS systems to comply with FDA 510(k) and 21 CFR Part 820 standards.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Despite
our quality control management system, we cannot eliminate the risks of errors, defects or failures. We may fail to detect or cure defects
as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside our control, including: technical or mechanical malfunctions in the production
process; human error or malfeasance by our quality control personnel; tampering by third parties; and defective raw materials or equipment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Major
Suppliers</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
source our suppliers through multiple channels, including through (i) referrals from local medical device industry associations, (ii)
industry exhibitions/expos, and (iii) online research.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
suppliers are primarily divided into two categories: (i) those providing raw materials including flasks, tubes and nutrients used to
maintain our population of insects for the manufacture of our MEDIFLY products, and (ii) those providing near finished cosmeceutical
products, starting in April 2023. All of our suppliers are certified and qualified suppliers in Singapore or mainland China. Our raw
materials supply has been stable and such materials are easily sourced due to our unique geographical location of operating in Singapore,
a major trade hub in Asia.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not have long-term written purchase agreements with our suppliers. We usually place purchase orders with our suppliers based on our
need. We do not consider any of our suppliers to be material to our business. As of the date of this Annual Report, we had a total number
of approximately ten suppliers. We can utilize any supplier we determine at our sole discretion. Although we can utilize any supplier
we determine, we believe that we established healthy and stable relationships with our suppliers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the years ended December 31, 2023 and year ended December 31, 2024, our purchases from our five largest suppliers collectively accounted
for 88.7% and 85.4%, respectively, of our cost of sales, and purchases from our largest supplier accounted for approximately 34.6% and
67.4%, respectively, of our total cost of sales. The concentration of our major suppliers increased significantly for the year ended
December 31, 2024 as a result of our cost-cutting measure of consolidating suppliers of plastic vials used to contain the maggots for
our MEDIFLY products to secure favorable bulk purchase prices. </span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Reimbursement,
Clinical Validation, and Clinical Utility</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not promote our products based on their reimbursement status. However, we are mindful of the benefits of a favorable reimbursement
coverage status to increase patient access and support our research and development efforts to supply the highest efficacy solutions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Singapore</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the public healthcare sector, our maggot-based chronic wound care products are subsidized under the MediSave Scheme and classified as
one of the approved inpatient day surgery treatment options. Under the MediSave payment scheme, patients are able to claim up to S$300
per day for all daily hospital charges which include but are not limited to the application and removal of MDT.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Hong
Kong</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the public healthcare sector, we are currently registered with the Hospital Authority&#8217;s central supplier database and our products
are subsidized at all public hospitals in Hong Kong.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Competition</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
wound care market is highly competitive and subject to rapid technological change. Success in this market depends primarily on product
efficacy, ease of product use, product price, availability of coverage and adequate third-party reimbursement, customer support services
for technical, clinical, and reimbursement support, and customer preference for, and loyalty to, the products. We believe that the positive
clinical evidence of our products currently on offer and in pipeline, our strong cooperation with our local partners, our customer relationships
and reputation offer us advantages over our competitors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
wound care market is served by several large international companies as well as a number of small local companies. Our current and future
products compete with biotherapeutic wound care products, collagen-based wound care products and other biopharmaceutical products. Manufacturers
and distributors of competitive products include large multinationals including Smith &amp; Nephew plc, ConvaTec Group plc, M&#246;lnlycke
Health Care AB, 3M, Integra Urgo Group, among others and other local companies operating in the geographic markets that we currently
operate or intend to enter in the future. Many of our competitors are significantly larger than we are and have greater financial and
personnel resources.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are aware of several companies that compete, or are developing technologies, in our current and future product areas. As a result, we
expect competition may become intense in the future. Our ability to compete successfully will depend on our ability to develop proprietary
products that reach the market in a timely manner, receive adequate coverage and reimbursement, are cost effective, and are safe and
effective.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
our cosmeceuticals business, in the global market, there are currently no direct competitors that commercially offer bullfrog collagen-based
cosmeceutical products which we intend to explore the possibility of developing and commercializing in the future. However, we are aware
that there are multiple indirect competitors in the cosmeceuticals industry that offer products containing collagen derived from other
sources. These include several companies in mainland China such as Giant Biogene, Guangzhou Trauer Biotechnology Co. Ltd., and Shanxi
Jinbo Biopharmaceutical Ltd., as well as companies in Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United States. Despite the presence of these indirect
competitors, we believe our unique value proposition in the cosmeceuticals industry lies in the superiority of our bullfrog collagen
compared to collagen sourced from other animals, such as marine, bovine and porcine sources. However, we do not currently sell any cosmeceutical
products that incorporate bullfrog collagen and there is no guarantee that we will be able to successfully develop and commercial these
products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
also compete in the marketplace to recruit and retain qualified scientific, management and sales personnel, as well as to acquire technologies
and technology licenses complementary to our products or advantageous to our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Laws
and Regulations Relating to Medical Devices</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
operations are subject to comprehensive laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we or our R&amp;D partners or affiliates do
business. For more information regarding the relevant laws and regulations on medical devices in different jurisdictions relevant to
our business operations, see &#8220;Regulation&#8221;.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
Regulatory Roadmap and Approval Timeline</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
our MEDIFLY products, below is the current regulatory application and approval status with various regulatory authorities around the
world. However, we may not be able to receive the necessary regulatory approvals from the authorities in the intended markets where we
plan to introduce them on the timeline envisioned below, or at all.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Singapore:
    Our MEDIFLY products have obtained the registration under the relevant laws and regulations and are currently listed on the Singapore
    Medical Device Register as a Class C medical device.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United
    States: we are currently in the process of compiling the 21 CFR Part 820 dossier for an FDA 510(k) clearance. The 510(k) clearance
    process is a mandatory premarket submission made to the FDA for new medical device seeking approval to launch. We expect to complete
    the submission process in the first half of 2025 and expect to receive a 510(k) clearance by the end of 2025, subject to FDA enquiries
    or clarifications.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mainland
    China: we have commenced our product classification application process with the NMPA in November 2022 and expect to receive the
    classification announcement after receiving FDA 510(k) clearance, which will be used as a reference document.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hong
    Kong: we currently ship MEDIFLY products from Singapore to Hong Kong for sale. This is permissible using our import permit issued
    by the Port Health Division under the Department of Health of Hong Kong. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Southeast
    Asia: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam utilize a harmonized medical
    device regulatory framework under the ASEAN Medical Device Directive (AMDD) agreement. We plan to use the Common Submission Dossier
    Template (CSDT) to commence the registration of MEDIFLY products, in jurisdictions where partnerships have been established.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Saudi
    Arabia: we have commenced our application in Saudi Arabia with SFDA in 2024, and expect to receive approval from the SFDA by 2025.
    Our partner organization in Saudi Arabia has been assisting us with the application and approval process.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
the bullfrog collagen sponge dressing product currently in our pipeline, we have completed the set-up of our CGMP-compliant pilot production
facility in our laboratory in Singapore for the extraction and formulation of the bullfrog collagen wound care products, and have conducted
the necessary production runs for process validation and product consistency.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Below
is the current regulatory application and approval status with various regulatory authorities around the world for the bullfrog collagen
sponge dressing. However, we may not be able to receive the necessary regulatory approvals for our bullfrog collagen sponge dressing
product from the regulatory authorities in the jurisdictions below on the timeline currently envisioned, or at all.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United
    States: We are currently in the process of compiling the 21 CFR Part 820 dossier for an FDA 510(k) clearance. We expect to make the
    relevant 510(k) submission to the FDA by 2025. Contingent on receiving our FDA 510(k) clearance in a timely manner, we expect the
    bullfrog collagen sponge dressings to become commercially available by 2026.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Singapore:
    Upon receiving FDA 510(k) clearance, we plan to register our bullfrog sponge dressing with the HSA. Since the FDA is a reference
    regulatory agency for HSA, obtaining an FDA 510(k) clearance will enable us to utilize the abridged registration route allowed under
    the relevant regulatory framework to expedite our regulatory process. The timeline for obtaining HSA approval typically spans between
    160 and 220 working days, excluding the duration required for addressing additional information inquiries.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Southeast
    Asia: Upon obtaining Singapore HSA approval, we plan to use the Common Submission Dossier Template (CSDT) to register our bullfrog
    collagen sponge dressing in Southeast Asian jurisdictions where partnerships have been established.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
wound dressing products using bullfrog collagen, such as a hydrogel, are expected to be on an accelerated regulatory timeline as the
biocompatibility tests for bullfrog collagen are anticipated to be completed in the second half of 2025. As such, we expect the bullfrog
collagen hydrogel to become commercially available in 2026 in the United States. We will commence the application process for our pipeline
products once the relevant R&amp;D work is validated and is complete.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
our commercialized and pipeline cosmeceuticals products, as well as those product candidates incorporating bullfrog collagen, there are
no product approval process that is required from any regulatory authorities in any of the markets that we intend to operate, as long
as the cosmeceuticals do not make any therapeutic claims.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Facilities</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the date of this Annual Report, we do not own any properties. We have leased the following properties, all of which are located in
Singapore:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 4%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>No.</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Location</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 12%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Approximate
    Gross Area (sq m)</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 17%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Lessor</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 18%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Usage</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Lease
    Expiration Date</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1
    </span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Block
    1090, Lower Delta Road, #06-08, Singapore 169201.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">93.5</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DBS
    Trustee Limited</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Manufacturing
    and distribution of medical devices</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
    31, 2025</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Block
    1092, Lower Delta Road, #07-14, Singapore 169203.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">90.3</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DBS
    Trustee Limited</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Distribution,
    storage of medical devices and ancillary office </span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">August
    31, 2025</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Intellectual
Property</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
wound care products that we currently offer and those in our pipeline are inspired by medical techniques that have been utilized for
centuries across various regions worldwide. We modernize and advance these natural techniques based on modern medical standards and processes
to improve patient outcomes and enhance the operational efficiency of healthcare providers. As a result, we have not, as of the date
of this Annual Report, relied on patents to protect our proprietary technology or intellectual property. Rather, we rely on and expect
to continue to rely on in the future trade secrets, know-how and related non-patent intellectual properties to develop and maintain our
competitive position, as well as protect aspects of our business that are not amenable to, or that we do not consider appropriate for,
patent protection. Our currently commercialized chronic wound care line of products, namely, MEDIFLY products, from which we derived
78.4% of our revenue in 2023 and 71.2% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024, have no patent protection, and rely primarily
on trade secrets and know-how relating to the optimized process and conditions for the identification of native blowflies, and the collection
and breeding of blowflies sustainably to produce sufficient medical grade maggots in insectaries that meet the relevant containment standards.
For more information regarding the lack of patent protection for our MEDIFLY products, see &#8220;Risk Factors - Risks Relating to Our
Business and Industry - Our maggot-based chronic wound care products are not currently protected by any pending patent application nor
any unexpired patent. Currently, the substantial majority of our net revenue is derived from the sale of maggot-based chronic wound care
productions and such products may be subject to competition from the sale of substantially equivalent products that could adversely affect
our business and operations.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Therefore,
it is our policy to protect trade secrets and/or know-how by establishing confidentiality agreements and invention assignment agreements
with our employees, consultants, scientific advisors, contractors and collaborators. These agreements provide that all confidential information
developed or made known during the course of an individual or entity&#8217;s relationship with us must be kept confidential during and
after the relationship. These agreements also provide that all inventions resulting from work performed for us or relating to our business
and conceived or completed during the period of employment or assignment, as applicable, shall be our exclusive property. In addition,
we take other appropriate precautions, such as physical and technological security measures, to guard against misappropriation of our
proprietary information by third parties.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
the future, as we continue to develop our product portfolio, we may, in addition to non-patent intellectual properties such as trade
secrets and know-how, seek to obtain domestic and international patent protection by filing patent applications as we conduct research
and development on our future products and initiate new projects. We strive to operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of
others and endeavor to promptly file patent applications for new commercially valuable inventions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
of December 31, 2024, apart from the intellectual property we licensed from NTU through our licensing arrangement with NTU, we did not
possess any patents or trademarks, nor had we submitted any patent applications. Pursuant to the said licensing agreement with NTU, we
were granted an exclusive license to develop, make, have made, import into, export from, offer for sale, sell and have sold products
developed incorporating licensed technology primarily including a utility patent application relating to bullfrog skin-derived collagen
and its use as a wound dressing material and unpublished R&amp;D information, technical information, manufacturing technology, formulae,
data, protocols, designs and other information in relation to bullfrog skin-derived collagen and its use as a wound dressing material.
The utility patent application was filed in the United States on April 16, 2021, and it will expire 20 years from the filing date. The
licensed technology is primarily utilized for the development of our wound care pipeline products, specifically sponge dressings and
hydrogel that incorporate bullfrog collagen. Please see &#8220;&#8211; Research and Development &#8211; Licensing Agreement with NTU&#8221;
in this section for additional details.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Internet
Domain Names</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
of the date of this Annual Report, we have registered the domain names https://www.cuprina.com, https://www.cuprinawoundcare.com, and
https://activlabs.co.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Employees</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
had 14 full-time employees as of December 31, 2024. The following table sets forth the numbers of our full-time employees, categorized
by function, as of the same date:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Role</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Number
    of <br/> Employees</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Management</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Business
    Development, Sales and Marketing</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Research
    and Development</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Quality
    Assurance and Regulatory Affairs</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Finance</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Production</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">14</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">All
of our employees are located in Singapore. Employees are not covered by collective bargaining agreements. We consider our labor practices
and employee relations to be good. As of the date of this Annual Report, we have not experienced any material labor disputes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Licenses,
Permits, Registrations and Approvals</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
principal business activities are located in Singapore and are subject to regulation by applicable laws, regulations and government agencies
in Singapore. These regulations require us to possess various approvals and certifications in respect of certain of the heavy equipment
we supply.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Below
is a list of material licenses and permits that we have as of the date of this Annual Report:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 26%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name
    </b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 30%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Issuing
    authority</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 20%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Commencement
    date </b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 18%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Expiration
    date</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Import
    Permit </span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Port
    Health Division under the Department of Health of Hong Kong</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March
    2023</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">01/10/2025</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Approved
    Vendor Master</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    Hospital Authority of Hong Kong</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    2023</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No
    Expiry Date</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dealer&#8217;s
    License - Manufacturer</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Health
    Sciences Authority of Singapore</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25/02/2020</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30/11/2025</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Medical
    Device Dealer&#8217;s License</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Health
    Sciences Authority of Singapore</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12/02/2020</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No
    Expiry Date</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Medical
    Device Listing</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Health
    Sciences Authority of Singapore</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">08/04/2013
    (issued)</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">08/01/2021
    (change of ownership)</span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">07/04/2026</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">License
    to Collect, Keep, Breed and Sell <i>Lucilla Cuprina</i></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">National
    Environmental Agency of Singapore</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15/01/2019</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19/01/2027</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>*</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Corporate
Social Responsibility</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
recognize our responsibilities to our employees, shareholders, business partners and the community as a whole, and are committed to achieving
long term mutually sustainable relationships with our stakeholders.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
are constantly searching for means to contribute to the community and we intend to set aside funds to be used for our corporate social
responsibility activities every year. In pursuit of enriching the community we serve, we plan to set aside a portion of our profits towards
corporate social responsibility endeavors. We were among the winners of the Enterprise Singapore Sustainability Open Innovation Challenge
2021, a competition launched by Enterprise Singapore under the Ministry of Trade and Industry of the Government of Singapore, that aims
to bring together industry partners and creative innovators to co-develop sustainable solutions in key areas such as low carbon alternatives
and sustainable materials. In addition, we launched our &#8220;Cuprina Cares&#8221; initiative with the aim to support individuals in
Singapore who lack access to MDT treatment due to financial difficulties in August 2023. We have published the relevant information relating
to our initiative, including how to participate in the initiative, on https://cuprina.com/cuprina-cares. As of the date of this Annual
Report, we had not received any applications from the general public.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Seasonality</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Revenues
during our fourth quarter tend to be stronger than other quarters because many hospitals increase their purchases of our products during
the fourth quarter to coincide with the end of their budget cycles. Satisfaction of patient deductibles through the course of the year
also results in increased revenues later in the year. In general, our first quarter usually has lower revenues than the preceding fourth
quarter, the second and third quarters have higher revenues than the first quarter, and the fourth quarter revenues are the highest in
the year.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>REGULATIONS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">This
section sets forth a summary of the most significant rules and regulations that affect our business and operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Laws
and Regulations Relating to Medical Devices and Cosmeceutical Products</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
operations are subject to comprehensive laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we or our R&amp;D partners or affiliates do
business. The laws and regulations governing our business and interpretations of those laws and regulations are subject to frequent change.
Our ability to operate profitably will depend in part upon our ability, and that of our R&amp;D partners and affiliates, to operate in
compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The laws and regulations relating to medical products and healthcare services that apply
to our business and that of our partners and affiliates continue to evolve, and we must, therefore, devote significant resources to monitoring
developments in legislation, enforcement, and regulation in such areas. As the applicable laws and regulations change, we are likely
to make conforming modifications in our business processes from time to time. We cannot provide assurance that a review of our business
by courts or regulatory authorities will not result in determinations that could adversely affect our operations or that the regulatory
environment will not change in a way that restricts our operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Singapore</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Introduction</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
operating subsidiary incorporated in Singapore, Cuprina Pte. Ltd. (the &#8220;Singapore Subsidiary&#8221;), is subject to all relevant
laws and regulations of Singapore, and may also be affected by new laws, regulations and policies which are introduced by the Singapore
government from time to time. We have identified the main laws and regulations (apart from those pertaining to general business requirements)
that we anticipate may materially affect the Singapore Subsidiary&#8217;s operations, the relevant regulatory bodies and the licenses,
permits and approvals typically required for the conduct of the Singapore Subsidiary&#8217;s business in Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
following description is a summary of material laws and regulations applicable to the Singapore Subsidiary&#8217;s operations in Singapore.
The laws and regulations set out below are not exhaustive and are only intended to provide general information to investors and are neither
designed nor intended to be a substitute for professional advice. Prospective investors should consult their own advisers regarding the
implication of the relevant laws and regulations on us.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
of the date of this Annual Report, we have not commenced any clinical trials in Singapore and the clinical trial regulations below will
only apply if and when the Singapore Subsidiary and/or any of its subsidiaries commences clinical operations and/or clinical trials in
Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Overview
of Regulatory Landscape</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
Singapore, the chronic wound care products and cosmeceutical products (as aforementioned in the section &#8220;Our Products&#8221; above)
are regulated by the Health Products Act 2007 (&#8220;HPA&#8221;), the Health Products (Medical Devices) Regulations 2010 (&#8220;HP(MD)R&#8221;)
and the Health Products (Cosmetic Products &#8212; ASEAN Cosmetic Directive) Regulations 2007 (&#8220;HP(CP-ACD)R&#8221;). These pieces
of legislation are administered by the HSA, a statutory board under the Ministry of Health of Singapore (&#8220;MOH Singapore&#8221;).
Additionally, the chronic wound care products may also be subject to regulation under the Human Biomedical Research Act 2015 (&#8220;HBRA&#8221;),
which is administered by the Director-General of Health of the MOH Singapore, during any potential clinical trial phase in Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
HSA, established under the Health Sciences Authority Act 2001, is overseen by MOH Singapore, and its functions, objects and duties include,
amongst others:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Regulating
    the manufacture, import, export, sale, supply, advertisement and use of health products in accordance with the applicable written
    laws; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Conducting
    technological assessments of health products to determine their quality, safety, efficacy and suitability for consumption and use
    in Singapore and to advise the Singapore government thereon.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Apart
from the laws and regulations below which are administered by HSA and/or MOH Singapore, the Singapore Subsidiary must comply with all
applicable circulars, directives and guidance released by HSA and/or MOH Singapore from time to time as well. The Singapore Subsidiary&#8217;s
business is generally regulated under the HPA, with subsidiary legislation and guidelines as promulgated by HSA and MOH Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Separately,
we note that the breeding of <i>Lucilia cuprina </i>flies is regulated by the Control of Vectors and Pesticides Act 1998 (&#8220;CVPA&#8221;)
which is in turn administered by the Director-General of Public Health (&#8220;DGPH&#8221;) of the National Environment Agency (&#8220;NEA&#8221;),
a statutory board under the purview of the Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Additionally,
we note that personal data is regulated under the Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (&#8220;PDPA&#8221;) and that issues may arise out
of research or clinical trials and regulated under Singapore. For more information on the PDPA, please see the section &#8220;Regulations
on Data Protection&#8221; below.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Classification
of Chronic Wound Care and Cosmeceutical Products under the HPA</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Under
the First Schedule of the HPA, health products are classified into: (i) medical devices; (ii) cosmetic products; (iii) therapeutic products;
(iv) oral dental gum; and (v) cell, tissue or gene therapy products. The two most pertinent classifications would be: (a) medical devices,
which are defined as, among other things, &#8220;any instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, appliance, implant, reagent for in-vitro
use, software, material or other similar or related article that is intended by its manufacturer to be used, whether alone or in combination,
for humans for certain specified purposes, including the: (i) treatment or alleviation of disease; (ii) treatment or alleviation of an
injury, and which does not achieve its primary intended action in or on the human body by pharmacological, immunological or metabolic
means&#8221;; and (b) cosmetic products, which are defined as, among other things, &#8220;any substance or preparation that is intended
by its manufacturer to be placed in contact with the various external parts of the human body, with a view exclusively or mainly to:
(i) protecting them; or (ii) keeping them in good condition&#8221;.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
aforementioned, our products comprise chronic wound care products and cosmeceutical products. Our chronic wound care products include
our commercialized product MEDIFLY (a medical grade sterile live blowfly larvae bio-dressing) and our pipeline products include (i) hirudotherapy
(i.e., medical leech therapy); (ii) bullfrog collagen sponge dressing and (iii) bullfrog collagen hydrogel. Our commercialized cosmeceutical
products include (i) MEND Skin Restoration Balm (i.e., a hydrating balm); (ii) ENDURE Muscle Energy Cream; and (iii) Activ Labs Cool
Relief Muscle Patch. All of our chronic wound care products are likely to be classified as medical devices.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
respect of our cosmeceutical products, the MEND Skin Restoration Balm would likely be classified as a cosmetic product whilst the ENDURE
Muscle Energy Cream and Activ Labs Cool Relief Muscle Patch would likely be respectively classified as a health supplement and medicated
patch, both of which are categories of products excluded from the definition of therapeutic products (being one of the categories of
health products set out in the First Schedule of the HPA) and thus would not be subject to the regulations of the HPA.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Regulatory
Requirements in Singapore specific to Medical Devices and Regulatory Status of Our Medical Device Products</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Medical
devices in Singapore are regulated by the HPA, HP(MD)R and HBRA. All companies are required to obtain a license from HSA before manufacturing,
importing or supplying medical devices (and other health products) wholesale in the country.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Companies
are obligated to notify HSA prior to making any changes to their medical devices, including technical changes, review changes, administrative
changes, notification changes and changes arising from field safety corrective actions (&#8220;FSCAs&#8221;), which are actions taken
to reduce the risk of death or serious deterioration in the state of health of a person associated with the use of a medical device.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Device
Premarket Regulatory Requirements. </i>Product registration applications for medical devices submitted to HSA must follow the format
outlined in the ASEAN Common Submission Dossier Template (&#8220;ASEAN CSDT&#8221;)<i>. </i>The various sections of the ASEAN CSDT and
their respective contents are detailed in GN17: Guidance on Preparation of a Product Registration Submission for General Medical Devices
using the ASEAN CSDT and GN18: Guidance on Preparation of a Product Registration Submission for In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Medical Devices
using the ASEAN CSDT.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
key sections covered include:</span></p>

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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Essential
    principles and evidence of conformity;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Device
    description;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Design,
    verification &amp; validation;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Clinical
    evidence; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk
    analysis.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">HSA
classifies medical devices into four risk classes based on their inherent risk, which depends substantially on the intended purpose and
effectiveness of risk management techniques applied during design, manufacture and use. The four classifications are:</span></p>

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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Class
    A: This includes low-risk medical devices that do not enter the body, such as tongue depressors, bandages, and surgical gloves.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Class
    B: This includes low to moderate-risk medical devices that come into contact with the body, such as syringes, catheters, and surgical
    instruments.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Class
    C: This includes moderate to high-risk medical devices that are implanted into the body, such as pacemakers, heart valves, and joint
    replacements.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Class
    D: This includes the high-risk medical devices, such as life-support machines, and devices that are used for the diagnosis and treatment
    of serious diseases, such as cancer.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
considerations in risk classification include the intended user(s), mode of operation and technology used. Factors influencing risk classification
of a general medical device include contact duration with the body, degree of invasiveness, whether the device delivers medicinal products
or energy to the patient, whether it is intended to have a biological effect on the patient, local versus systemic effects, etc.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Essential
Principles for Safety and Performance. </i>Medical devices must also conform to the Essential Principles for Safety and Performance checklist,
which outlines fundamental design and manufacturing requirements. The company must identify which design and manufacturing requirements
are relevant for a particular medical device. Where requirements are deemed not applicable, the rationale must be documented. This applies
to all medical devices. Pursuant to the HP(MD)R, companies are required to declare that their devices are classified as per the classification
rules and conform to the Essential Principles for Safety and Performance regulatory guidance as issued by the HSA.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Labeling
Requirements. </i>Companies must label their medical devices according to HSA requirements. Device labeling (e.g. physical labels, instructions
for use, implementation manuals, etc.) helps users: (i) identify the device; (ii) communicate safety and performance information; and
(iii) ensure device traceability. Essential details like device name and manufacturer&#8217;s information must be on labels for identification.
Safety and performance information like intended use, instructions for proper use and safety warnings are also clearly presented for
users&#8217; reference.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Device
Post-market Regulatory Requirements. </i>Post-market surveillance is mandated for all medical devices supplied in Singapore, in accordance
with the HPA and the HP(MD)R.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Every
manufacturer, importer, supplier or registrant of a medical device must maintain records of complaints received and produce these records
for HSA inspections when required to do so by the HSA. The records must contain detailed information specified in the HP(MD)R. Companies
are required to plan, establish, document, implement, maintain, and update a Post-Market Surveillance (&#8220;PMS&#8221;) system for
devices placed on the Singapore market. The PMS system must be designed and documented in a PMS plan, and constantly updated based on
structured assessments of its performance and yielded data.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Every
manufacturer, importer, supplier or registrant of a medical device must, upon becoming aware of any defect in the medical device or any
adverse effect that has arisen from the use thereof, inform the HSA of the defect or adverse effect: (a) within 48 hours, if the information
relates to any defect or adverse effect that represents a serious threat to public health; (b) within 10 days, if the information relates
to an incident that has led to the death, or a serious deterioration in the state of health, of a patient, a user of the medical device
or any other person; and (c) within 30 days, if the information relates to an incident a recurrence of which might lead to the death,
or a serious deterioration in the state of health, of a patient, a user of the medical device or any other person.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
PMS plan collects data from various sources including:</span></p>

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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Serious
    incidents;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">FSCAs;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Complaints;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Databases
    and/or registries; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Feedbacks.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
addition to PMS requirements for manufacturers, there are specific adverse event and FSCA reporting requirements for all economic operators
(manufacturers, importers, distributors, local authorized representatives).</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Possible
FSCAs include:</span></p>

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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Product
    recall;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Product
    replacement;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Product
    destruction;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Product
    modification including retrofitting;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Permanent
    or temporary labeling;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Permanent
    or temporary changes to the instructions for use; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Software
    upgrades.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">An
FSCA must be reported if the medical device is manufactured, imported or supplied in Singapore, or is registered or authorized for supply
in Singapore (even if not currently on the market). The reporting person should be the dealer who manufactured, imported, supplied or
registered the concerned device. Where multiple dealers are involved, each must report the FSCA individually.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Before
initiating an FSCA, the dealer must notify HSA. Once reported, the dealer can proceed without waiting for HSA approval. Medical device
dealers must report FSCAs via the Online Safety, Compliance Application and Registration System.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Laws
and Regulations relating to Advertising, Fraud and Abuse and Transparency Laws and Regulations.</i> The legislative control for the advertisement
of medical devices is outlined in the HPA - Part 5 Advertisement of Health Products, Sections 19-23, and the HP(MD)R. Any person advertising
or causing the advertisement of a product as a medical device must comply with Part 5 of the HPA and the HP(MD)R.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Prior
approval by the HSA is not required for advertisements of medical devices, but compliance with the requirements stated in the HPA and
the HP(MD)R is mandatory. Products should not be advertised as a medical device or claim to function as a medical device if they do not
meet the definition provided in the First Schedule to the HPA. Advertisements must not contain false information or give any erroneous
impression regarding the formulation, composition, design specification, safety, efficacy, or uses of the medical device. Any representation
of a medical device must be factual and supported by objective evidence.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
the case of registered medical devices, all advertised claims must align with the indications and instructions for use (IFU) registered
with the HSA. Information not registered or that may potentially extend the usage of a registered medical device must not be included
in advertisements. Advertisements for exempted medical devices, i.e., Class A medical devices, must align with the product owner&#8217;s
specifications and comply with any relevant conditions of registration that may be imposed.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Advertisements
of medical devices that are registered as &#8220;Professional Use only&#8221; or unregistered but supplied in accordance with Regulation
8 or 10 of the HP(MD)R cannot be advertised to the general public. Such advertisements are only allowed to be distributed to, or featured
in publications mainly intended for qualified practitioners.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Advertisements
of medical devices should not imply or suggest that the medical device can prevent, cure, or alleviate any disease or condition specified
in the relevant laws and regulations unless the advertisement is distributed only to qualified practitioners, registered pharmacists,
registered nurses, registered midwives, and persons undergoing training with a view to becoming one of the aforementioned persons.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Advertisements
of medical devices should not encourage self-diagnosis or self-treatment of serious diseases. Advertisements must not suggest that consumers
do not need to consult a doctor after using the medical device. Advertisements should not offer diagnoses or suggest that medical interventions
such as surgical operations are not required by using the medical device advertised.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">All
product claims made in advertisements must be supported by scientific evidence, and the nature, quality, and properties of the medical
device must be truthfully stated. Advertisements must not mislead readers or create unrealistic expectations regarding the safety, quality,
or efficacy of the medical device. The use of superlatives or exaggerated claims should be avoided, and advertisements should not encourage
inappropriate, indiscriminate, unnecessary, or excessive use of the medical device. Advertisements must not exploit the ignorance and
credulity of the public or misuse research results or make unnecessary quotations from technical and scientific publications.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Advertisements
of medical devices must not denigrate or unfairly attack any other products, goods, or services, or any other sector of the industry.
Any comparative statements must not mislead the public about the advertised product or any product it is compared to. Advertisements
must not cause fear, alarm, or distress to consumers, abuse trust, or exploit the lack of knowledge of any consumer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Advertisements
must not contain any claim or statement suggesting that the results of using the medical device are guaranteed, extraordinary, or better
than any other identifiable treatment. Advertisements must not claim or imply that the medical device is 100% safe, has no side effects,
or will not cause harm. False or erroneous claims indicating or suggesting that the use of the medical device is promoted, supported,
or endorsed by the government or any public authority, including the HSA, must not be published.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Recommendations
by healthcare professionals, including testimonials, support, and endorsements, must not be included in advertisements. Advertisers are
advised to use caution when featuring pharmacies, healthcare institutions, or scenes of surgical procedures that may give the perception
of endorsement by a healthcare professional.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
HSA may require advertisers to furnish copies of medical device advertisements that have been advertised or are about to be advertised
for compliance review and investigation. If an advertiser contravenes the HPA and its regulations, the HSA may order the immediate cessation
of the advertisement, reasonable measures to remove the offending advertisements that have been published/distributed, or the publication
of a corrective advertisement containing specified information as per the HSA requirements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>MEDIFLY
Manufacturer&#8217;s License</i>. We currently hold a manufacturer&#8217;s license for our MEDIFLY product, which is registered as a
Class C medical device. For more information on the classification of medical devices, please see the section &#8220;Government Regulation
&#8211; Singapore&#8221; above. The conditions for such a license include:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Submitting
    (upon HSA&#8217;s request) medical devices for batch testing in accordance with a product standard prescribed by HSA, to a testing
    body recognized by HSA.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reporting
    to HSA all reportable changes to the license, including changes to our Company&#8217;s name, address and ISO 13485 certification,
    within 15 days after the date of implementation of the change.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
    using the license in any form of advertisement.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Submitting
    (upon HSA&#8217;s request) the ISO13485 audit report.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Labelling
    our MEDIFLY product, which is manufactured for supply in Singapore, with Unique Device Identifier (UDI) and complying with the UDI
    requirements by the respective UDI compliance dates as set out on the HSA website.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Clinical
Trials of Medical Devices.</i> Regarding clinical trials of medical devices, under the HBRA, appropriate consent must be obtained, amongst
other requirements, in the presence of a prescribed witness, and in writing from research subjects or tissue donors for clinical trials.
Relevant information must be provided before obtaining such appropriate consent. Such relevant information includes:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    investigational nature of the biomedical research;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    purpose of the biomedical research;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    reasonably foreseeable risks, discomforts or inconveniences to a living research subject arising from the biomedical research;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    benefits which the research subject may reasonably expect from the biomedical research;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">where
    applicable, whether there are alternative procedures or treatments available to the research subject, and the potential benefits
    and risks of such alternatives;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
    compensation and treatment available to the research subject due to injury arising from participation in the research;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
    anticipated expenses the research subject is likely to incur when participating in the biomedical research;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    extent to which information identifying the research subject will be kept confidential;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">whether
    individually-identifiable information obtained from the research subject will be used for future biomedical research;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">where
    applicable, whether biological material taken from the research subject will be destroyed, discarded or stored for future biomedical
    research;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">whether
    the research subject&#8217;s participation involves information in individually-identifiable form;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
    circumstances under which, the research subject will be contacted for further consent, including changes in the proposed research,
    serious adverse events leading to a change in the proposed research, the development of capacity by minors to make decisions and
    any other circumstances specific to a particular research proposal;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">whether
    the research subject would wish to be re-identified given an incidental finding, if the proposed biomedical research expressly provides
    for such re-identification;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    research subject&#8217;s right to withdraw consent (as specified in the HBRA) and the limitations of such withdrawal;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    person or persons to contact to obtain further information on the biomedical research and to provide feedback in relation to the
    biomedical research, respectively;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">such
    other information as the institutional review board may require; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other
    relevant information as may be prescribed.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Additionally,
the HBRA provides for additional safeguards when obtaining the appropriate consent of research subjects who are adults who lack mental
capacity or are minors (i.e., a person who is below 21 years of age and who has never been married). Where the research subject is an
adult who lacks mental capacity, appropriate consent must be obtained from: (a) the donee or deputy (if any) who is authorized to give
consent on behalf of the said adult; or (b) where there is no donee or deputy who is authorized to give consent, such adult&#8217;s spouse,
adult son or daughter, either parent or guardian, an adult brother or sister or person so named by the said adult as someone to be consulted
on the matter in question or on matters of that kind. Where the research subject is a minor then, depending on the circumstances involved,
appropriate consent will have to be obtained from the minor and/or the minor&#8217;s adult parent or guardian or a deputy who is authorized
to give consent on behalf of the minor.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Further,
under the HBRA, research institutions (i.e., bodies of persons which engage researchers to conduct human biomedical research in Singapore
and exercises supervision and control over human biomedical research so conducted) must appoint one or more institutional review boards
to review human biomedical research conducted as supervised and controlled by the research institution. Human biomedical research may
only be conducted under the supervision of a research institution having a place of business in Singapore with least 2 individuals ordinarily
resident in Singapore who are responsible for supervising and controlling the biomedical research. In addition, no person may conduct
any human biomedical research unless he has:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">made
    necessary arrangements with the research institution for the proposed research to be conducted under the supervision and control
    of the research institution;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ensured
    that the proposed research has been reviewed and approved (or exempted from review) by an institutional review board; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">obtained
    appropriate consent from the research subjects.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
HP(MD)R also regulates the manufacture, import and supply of medical devices used as clinical research materials. A person may manufacture
/ import / supply (by wholesale or otherwise) a medical device without holding the required license, if the planned use for the medical
device is a clinical purpose in any clinical research. Where the medical device is supplied for use in any investigational testing, the
statement &#8220;For Clinical Trial Use&#8221; or any other statement in English that conveys the same meaning should accompany the medical
device.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Additionally,
under Regulation 39A of the HP(MD)R, every person who supplies any medical device whose planned use is for a clinical purpose in any
clinical research must (a) maintain a record relating to every receipt (where applicable) and every supply by the person of the medical
device; and (b) produce such record for inspection by the relevant regulatory or enforcement authorities. Regulation 39A also prescribes
the details that have to be maintained in the records.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
sponsor (i.e., a person who takes responsibility for the initiation, management or financing of any clinical research) must: (a) ensure
that no person involved in the clinical research uses the medical device except for a clinical purpose in the research, and where the
research requires approval of an institutional review board, with the approval of that board; (b) maintain a record of the putting to
some other use, disposal or export of the medical device; and (c) produce such record for inspection by the relevant regulatory or enforcement
authorities. Regulation 39B also prescribes the details that have to be maintained in the records.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Regulatory
Requirements applicable to the Breeding of Lucilia cuprina</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
CVPA prohibits the breeding, keeping, collecting, distributing, selling and import or export of any insect, including its egg, larva
and pupa without the written permission of the DGPH.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
have accordingly obtained a permit to collect, breed, keep and sell <i>Lucilia cuprina </i>flies for the purpose of MDT, which will expire
on 19 January 2027 if not renewed. This permit is subject to these conditions, amongst other conditions:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    permit holder shall maintain all records, reports and other documentation relating to the type(s) of use for the permitted vectors
    (i.e., <i>Lucilia cuprina</i>) for 3 years.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    permit holder shall, within such period as may be specified, make all records and other relevant documentation available for inspection
    and providing copies, at its cost, to the DGPH or his delegates.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    permit holder shall report every breach of these conditions within 24 hours of any incident.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
    breach of these conditions may result in the revocation of the permit.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    DGPH can revoke, cancel or suspend the permit at any time without giving any reason and the permit holder shall have no right to
    any claim for loss of revenue or any other claim in respect of such cancellation or suspension.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Regulatory
requirements applicable to cosmetic products</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
HP(CP-ACD)R are given effect under the HPA, and came into operation on 1 January 2008. The HP(CP-ACD)R regulate the supply and advertisement
of, and record-keeping and reporting obligations in relation to, cosmetic products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">A
person responsible for marketing a cosmetic product must notify HSA of the intention to place the said product on the market via the
online Pharmaceutical Regulatory Information System, before actually placing the product on the market. The notification shall be submitted
to the HSA accompanied by such particulars, information, documents and samples of the cosmetic product as required by the HSA. A new
product notification is required if changes are made to: (a) brand name; (b) product name; (c) product type; (d) formulation; and (e)
company change of distribution rights. Particulars to be submitted to the HSA include:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Particulars
    of local company responsible for placing the cosmetic product in the market;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Particulars
    of manufacturer; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Particulars
    of product.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Separately,
failing to adhere to stipulated requirements in terms of the content of cosmetic products can render the said product being deemed as
an unwholesome product which cannot be manufactured in, imported into or supplied in Singapore. These requirements are listed below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cosmetic
    products shall not contain substances found in Part I of the Third Schedule of the HP(CP-ACD)R. These substances are prohibited for
    use in cosmetic products.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Substances
    found in Part II of the Third Schedule of the HP(CP-ACD)R, may only be used in cosmetic products provided the specified conditions
    are met. Depending on the substance, the conditions could be on the maximum concentration allowed to be used or labelling of special
    warning on the product packaging.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Only
    coloring agents, preservatives or ultraviolet filters found in Parts III, IV and V respectively of the Third Schedule of the HP(CP-ACD)R
    are allowed to be used in cosmetic products. The use of coloring agents, preservatives and ultraviolet filters are subject to the
    conditions specified, if any.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Separate
requirements are applicable to the labelling of cosmetic products, including that:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
    cosmetic product label must generally contain the: (i) product name, function and instructions on product usage; (ii) ingredient
    list; (iii) product weight or volume in the immediate container or package; (iv) batch number of that product; (v) name and address
    in Singapore of the product marketer; (vi) name of the country where the product was manufactured; (vii) special precautions to be
    observed when using the product; (viii) expiry date; and (ix) date of manufacture of the product.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Such
    information must appear on the outer packaging, or otherwise on the immediate container or package, or in a product leaflet.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ingredients,
    if they appear in the: (i) International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary; (ii) British Pharmacopeia; (iii) United States Pharmacopeia;
    or (iv) Chemical Abstract Services, must generally be named according to the nomenclature in that standard reference, and be listed
    in descending order by weight, unless otherwise provided for in the HP(CP-ACD)R.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
    information on the label shall be in English, and any other language, and all numbers, letters and symbols shall be legible, permanent,
    indelible and prominent. If a symbol or code is used, an explanation of the symbol or color shall be provided.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    label must not contain any statement, trademark, picture or other sign that: (a) the supply or use of the product is promoted or
    endorsed by HSA; or (b) likely creates an erroneous impression regarding the formulation, composition, quality or safety of the product.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">There
are several requirements applicable to claims made in advertising cosmetic products, including that:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Claims
    to modify a physiological process or to prevent or treat a disease / medical condition are forbidden.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Claims
    must generally be justified scientifically and/or by the cosmetic formulation or preparation itself.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
    advertising claims must be fully substantiated when requested by the HSA, and comply with the principles and guidelines set out in
    the Singapore Code of Advertising Practice that is promulgated by the Advertising Standards Authority of Singapore.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Under
the HP(CP-ACD)R, we must keep records of all cosmetic products we supply or which have been supplied on our behalf in Singapore, which
records must be produced for inspection upon HSA&#8217;s request. The records are to be retained for 2 years after the date on which
the product is supplied and shall contain the following information:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    name and notification number of the product;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    date on which the product was so supplied;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">name
    and address of the person to whom the product was so supplied;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    quantity of the product so supplied; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    identification number or mark (including the control number, lot number, batch number or serial number) of the product so supplied.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Where
we become aware of any event or other occurrence that concerns any adverse effect arising from the use of the cosmetic product, we must
report the adverse effect if the adverse effect has caused death, is life-threatening, has resulted in any person being hospitalized,
or has caused any persistent or significant disability or incapacity in any person.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>United
States Regulation</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
FDA regulates, among other things, the development, design, non-clinical and clinical testing, manufacturing, safety, effectiveness,
labeling, packaging, storage, installation, servicing, recordkeeping, premarket clearance or approval, adverse event reporting, advertising,
promotion, marketing and distribution, and import and export and post-marketing surveillance of medical devices in the United States
to ensure that medical devices distributed domestically are safe and effective for their intended uses and otherwise meet the requirements
of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>FDA
Premarket Clearance and Approval Requirements</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Unless
an exemption applies, each new or significantly modified medical device commercially distributed in the United States requires either
FDA clearance of a 510(k) premarket notification, or approval of a premarket approval, or PMA, application.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Under
the FDCA, medical devices are classified into one of three classes&#8212;Class I, Class II or Class III&#8212;depending on the degree
of risk associated with each medical device and the extent of manufacturer and regulatory control needed to ensure its safety and effectiveness.
Class I devices are those for which safety and effectiveness can be assured by adherence to the FDA&#8217;s general controls for medical
devices, which include compliance with the applicable portions of FDA&#8217;s CGMP for devices, as reflected in the Quality System Regulation,
or QSR, establishment registration and device listing, reporting of adverse medical events, and truthful and non-misleading labeling,
advertising, and promotional materials. Most Class I devices are exempt from the premarket notification requirements. Class II devices
are subject to the FDA&#8217;s general controls, and any other special controls deemed necessary by the FDA to ensure the safety and
effectiveness of the device. These special controls can include performance standards, special labeling requirements, post-market surveillance,
patient registries and FDA guidance documents.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Most
Class II devices are required to submit to the FDA a premarket notification under Section 510(k) of the FDCA requesting permission to
commercially distribute the device. The FDA&#8217;s permission to commercially distribute a device subject to a 510(k) premarket notification
is generally known as 510(k) clearance. Class III devices include devices deemed by the FDA to pose the greatest risks, such as life
sustaining, life supporting or some implantable devices, or devices that have a new intended use, or use advanced technology that is
not substantially equivalent to that of a legally marketed device, requiring approval of a PMA. Due to the level of risk associated with
Class III devices, the FDA&#8217;s general controls and special controls alone are insufficient to assure their safety and effectiveness.
Devices placed in Class III generally require the submission of a PMA application demonstrating the safety and effectiveness of the device,
which must be approved by the FDA prior to marketing, or the receipt of a 510(k) de novo classification, which provides for the reclassification
of the device in Class I or II.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
PMA process is generally more costly and time-consuming than the 510(k) process. Through the PMA application process, the applicant must
submit data and information demonstrating reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of the device for its intended use to
the FDA&#8217;s satisfaction. The PMA application must provide valid scientific evidence that demonstrates to the FDA&#8217;s satisfaction
a reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of the device for its intended use.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
a new medical device does not qualify for the 510(k) premarket notification process because no predicate device to which it is substantially
equivalent can be identified, the device is automatically classified into Class III.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Some
pre-amendment devices are unclassified, but are subject to FDA&#8217;s premarket notification and clearance process in order to be commercially
distributed.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Investigational
Device Process</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Clinical
trials are almost always required to support a PMA and are sometimes required to support a 510(k) submission. In the United States, absent
certain limited exceptions, human clinical trials intended to support medical device clearance or approval or to determine safety and
effectiveness of a device for an investigational use must be conducted in accordance with the FDA&#8217;s investigational device exemption,
or IDE, regulations which govern investigational device labeling, prohibit promotion of the investigational device, and specify an array
of recordkeeping, reporting and monitoring responsibilities of study sponsors and study investigators. If the device presents a &#8220;significant
risk,&#8221; to human health, as defined by the FDA, the FDA requires the device sponsor to submit an IDE application to the FDA, which
must become effective prior to commencing human clinical trials. The IDE application must be supported by appropriate data, such as animal
and laboratory testing results, showing that it is safe to test the device in humans and that the testing protocol is scientifically
sound. The IDE application must be approved in advance by the FDA for a specified number of subjects.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Regardless
of the degree of risk presented by the medical device, clinical studies must be approved by, and conducted under the oversight of, an
Institutional Review Board, or IRB, for each clinical site. The IRB is responsible for the initial and continuing review of the IDE,
and may pose additional requirements for the conduct of the study. If an IDE application is approved by the FDA and one or more IRBs,
human clinical trials may begin at a specific number of investigational sites with a specific number of patients, as approved by the
FDA. If the device presents a non-significant risk to the patient, a sponsor may begin the clinical trial after obtaining approval for
the trial by one or more IRBs without separate approval from the FDA, but must still follow abbreviated IDE requirements, such as monitoring
the investigation, ensuring that the investigators obtain informed consent, and labeling and record-keeping requirements. Acceptance
of an IDE application for review does not guarantee that the FDA will allow the IDE to become effective and, if it does become effective,
the FDA may or may not determine that the data derived from the trials support the safety and effectiveness of the device or warrant
the continuation of clinical trials. An IDE supplement must be submitted to, and approved by, the FDA before a sponsor or investigator
may make a change to the investigational plan that may affect its scientific soundness, study plan or the rights, safety or welfare of
human subjects. During a study, the sponsor is required to comply with the applicable FDA requirements, including, for example, trial
monitoring, selecting clinical investigators and providing them with the investigational plan, ensuring IRB review, adverse event reporting,
record keeping and prohibitions on the promotion of investigational devices or on making safety or effectiveness claims for them. The
clinical investigators in the clinical study are also subject to FDA&#8217;s regulations and must obtain patient informed consent, rigorously
follow the investigational plan and study protocol, control the disposition of the investigational device, and comply with all reporting
and recordkeeping requirements. Additionally, after a trial begins, we, the FDA or the IRB could suspend or terminate a clinical trial
at any time for various reasons, including, but not limited to, the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    FDA or other regulatory authorities do not approve a clinical trial protocol or a clinical trial, or place a clinical trial on hold;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Patients
    do not enroll in clinical trials at the rate expected;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Patients
    do not comply with trial protocols;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Patient
    follow-up is not at the rate expected;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Patients
    experience adverse events;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Patients
    die during a clinical trial, even though their death may not be related to the products that are part of the trial;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Device
    malfunctions occur with unexpected frequency or potential adverse consequences;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Side
    effects or device malfunctions of similar products already in the market that change the FDA&#8217;s view toward approval of new
    or similar PMAs or result in the imposition of new requirements or testing; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Institutional
    review boards and third-party clinical investigators may delay or reject the trial protocol.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>510(k)
Clearance Process</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Under
the 510(k) process, the manufacturer must submit to the FDA a premarket notification submission demonstrating that the proposed device
is &#8220;substantially equivalent, &#8220;as defined in the FDCA, to a legally marketed predicate device. A predicate device is a legally
marketed device that is not subject to premarket approval, i.e., a device that was legally marketed prior to May 28, 1976 (pre-amendments
device) and for which a PMA is not required, a device that has been reclassified from Class III to Class II or I, or a device that was
found substantially equivalent through the 510(k) process.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">A
device is considered to be substantially equivalent if, with respect to the predicate device, it has the same intended use and has either
(i) the same technological characteristics; or (ii) different technological characteristics, but the information provided in the 510(k)
submission demonstrates that the device does not raise different questions of safety or effectiveness than the predicate device.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Before
the FDA will accept a 510(k) premarket notification for substantive review, the FDA will first assess whether the submission satisfies
a minimum threshold of acceptability. If the FDA determines that the 510(k) submission lacks necessary information for substantive review,
the FDA will issue a &#8220;Refuse to Accept&#8221; letter which generally outlines the information the FDA believes is necessary to
permit a substantive review and to reach a determination regarding substantial equivalence. An applicant must submit the requested information
before the FDA will proceed with additional review of the submission. If a 510(k) submission is accepted for substantive review, the
Medical Device User Fee Amendments sets a performance goal of 90 days for FDA review of a 510(k) submission, but the review time can
be delayed if FDA raises questions or requests addition information during the review process. As a practical matter, clearance often
takes longer, and clearance is never assured. Thus, as a practical matter, clearance often takes longer than 90 days. Although many 510(k)
premarket notifications are cleared without clinical data, the FDA may require further information, including clinical data, to make
a determination regarding substantial equivalence, which may significantly prolong the review process. If the FDA agrees that the device
is substantially equivalent, it will grant clearance to commercially market the device.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
the FDA determines that the device is substantially equivalent to a predicate device, it will grant 510(k) clearance to commercially
market the device. If the FDA determines that the device is &#8220;not substantially equivalent&#8221; to a previously cleared device,
the device is automatically designated as a Class III device. The device sponsor must then fulfill more rigorous requirements of the
PMA approval process or can request a risk-based classification determination for the device in accordance with the &#8220;de novo&#8221;
process, which is a route to market for certain novel medical devices that are low to moderate risk and are not substantially equivalent
to a predicate device.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Medical
devices can only be marketed for the indications for use for which they are cleared or approved. After a device receives 510(k) clearance,
any modification that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change or modification
in its intended use, will require a new 510(k) clearance or, depending on the modification, PMA approval or de novo reclassification.
The FDA requires each manufacturer to determine whether the proposed change requires submission of a 510(k), de novo request or a PMA
in the first instance, but the FDA may review this determination to evaluate the regulatory status of the modified product at any time
and may require the manufacturer to cease marketing and/or request the recall of the modified device until 510(k) marketing clearance
or PMA approval is obtained or a de novo request is granted. Also, in these circumstances, the manufacturer may be subject to significant
regulatory fines or penalties.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>PMA
Approval Process</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Class
III devices require PMA approval before they can be marketed, although some pre-amendment Class III devices for which FDA has not yet
required a PMA are cleared through the 510(k) process. The PMA process is more demanding than the 510(k) premarket notification process.
In a PMA, the manufacturer must demonstrate that the device is safe and effective for its intended use, and the PMA must be supported
by extensive data, including data from preclinical studies and human clinical trials. The PMA must also contain a full description of
the device and its components, a full description of the methods, facilities, and controls used for manufacturing, and proposed labeling.
Following receipt of a PMA, the FDA conducts an administrative review to determine whether the application is sufficiently complete to
permit a substantive review. If it is not, the agency will refuse to file the PMA. If the FDA accepts the application for substantive
review, it has 180 days under the FDCA to complete its review of a filed PMA application, although in practice, the FDA&#8217;s review
often takes significantly longer, and can take up to several years. During this review period, the FDA may request additional information
or clarification of information already provided, and the FDA may issue a major deficiency letter to the applicant, requesting the applicant&#8217;s
response to deficiencies communicated by the FDA. The FDA considers a PMA or PMA supplement to have been voluntarily withdrawn if an
applicant fails to respond to an FDA request for information (e.g., major deficiency letter) within a total of 360 days. Before approving
or denying a PMA application, an advisory panel of experts from outside the FDA may be convened to review and evaluate the application
and provide recommendations to the FDA as to whether the FDA should approve the submission, approve it with specific conditions, or not
approve it. The FDA may or may not accept the panel&#8217;s recommendation. Prior to approval of a PMA, the FDA may conduct inspections
of the clinical trial data and clinical trial sites, as well as conduct inspections of the applicant or its third-party manufacturers
&#8216;or suppliers &#8216;manufacturing facility or facilities to, among other things, ensure compliance with the QSR.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
the FDA evaluation of a PMA is favorable, the FDA will issue either an approval letter, or an approvable letter, the latter of which
usually contains a number of conditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the PMA. When and if those conditions have
been fulfilled to the satisfaction of the FDA, the agency will issue a PMA approval letter authorizing commercial marketing of the device,
subject to the conditions of approval and the limitations established in the approval letter. The FDA may approve a PMA with post-approval
conditions intended to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the device, including, among other things, restrictions on labeling, promotion,
sale and distribution, and collection of long-term follow-up data from patients in the clinical study that supported PMA approval or
requirements to conduct additional clinical studies post-approval.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Ongoing
Regulation by the FDA</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Even
after the FDA permits a device to be marketed, numerous and pervasive regulatory requirements continue to apply. These include:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Establishment
    registration and device listing with the FDA;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">QSR
    requirements, which require manufacturers, including third-party manufacturers, to follow stringent design, testing, control, supplier/contractor
    selection, compliant handling, documentation and other quality assurance procedures during all aspects of the design and manufacturing
    process;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Labeling
    regulations, advertising and promotion requirements, restrictions on sale, distribution or sale of a device, each including the FDA
    prohibition against the promotion of products for any uses other than those authorized by the FDA, which are commonly known as &#8220;off-label&#8221;
    uses;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    Medical Device Reporting, or MDR, regulations, which require that a manufacturer report to the FDA if a device it markets may have
    caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or has malfunctioned and the device or a similar device that it markets would
    be likely to cause or contribute to a death or serious injury, if the malfunction were to recur;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Medical
    device correction and removal reporting regulations, which require that manufacturers report to the FDA field corrections or removals
    if undertaken to reduce a risk to health posed by the device or to remedy a violation of the FDCA that may present a risk to health;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Recall
    requirements, including a mandatory recall if there is a reasonable probability that the device would cause serious adverse health
    consequences or death;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">An
    order of repair, replacement, or refund;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Device
    tracking requirements; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Post-market
    study and surveillance requirements.&#12289;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">After
a device receives 510(k) clearance, any modification that could significantly affects its safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute
a major change in its intended use, will require a new 510(k) or possibly a PMA. The FDA requires each manufacturer to make this determination
initially, but the FDA can review any such decision and can disagree with a manufacturer&#8217;s determination. If the FDA disagrees
with our determination not to seek a new 510(k) clearance, the FDA may retroactively require us to seek 510(k) clearance or possibly
a PMA. The FDA could also require us to cease marketing and distribution and/or recall the modified device until 510(k) clearance or
a PMA is obtained. Also, in these circumstances, we may be subject to significant regulatory fines and penalties. Some changes to an
approved PMA device, including changes in indications, labeling, or manufacturing processes or facilities, require submission and FDA
approval of a new PMA application or PMA supplement, as appropriate, before the change can be implemented. Supplements to a PMA often
require the submission of the same type of information required for an original PMA application, except that the supplement is generally
limited to that information needed to support the proposed change from the device covered by the original PMA. The FDA uses the same
procedures and actions in reviewing PMA supplements as it does in reviewing original PMA applications.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">FDA
regulations require us to register as a medical device manufacturer with the FDA. Additionally, some states also require medical device
manufacturers and/or distributors doing business within the state to register with the state or apply for a state license, which could
subject our facility to state inspection as well as FDA inspection on a routine basis for compliance with the QSR and any applicable
state requirements. These regulations require that we manufacture our products and maintain related documentation in a prescribed manner
with respect to manufacturing, testing and control activities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Manufacturing
processes for medical devices are required to comply with the applicable portions of the QSR, which cover the methods and the facilities
and controls for the design, manufacture, testing, production, processes, controls, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, distribution,
installation and servicing of finished devices intended for human use. The QSR also requires, among other things, maintenance of a device
master file, device history file, and complaint files. As a manufacturer, we are subject to periodic scheduled or unscheduled inspections
by the FDA. Failure to maintain compliance with the QSR requirements could result in the shutdown of, or restrictions on, manufacturing
operations and the recall or seizure of marketed products, which would have a material adverse effect on our business. The discovery
of previously unknown problems with any of our products, including unanticipated adverse events or adverse events of increasing severity
or frequency, whether resulting from the use of the device within the scope of its clearance or off-label by a physician in the practice
of medicine, could result in restrictions on the device, including the removal of the product from the market or voluntary or mandatory
device recalls.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
FDA has broad regulatory compliance and enforcement powers. If the FDA determines that a manufacturer has failed to comply with applicable
regulatory requirements, it can take a variety of compliance or enforcement actions, which may result in any of the following sanctions:</span></p>

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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Refusing
    or delays in processing, clearing, or approving submissions or applications for new products or modifications to existing products;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Suspension
    or withdrawal of 510(k) clearances or PMA approvals that have already been granted;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">FDA
    refusal to issue certification to foreign governments needed to export our products for sale in other countries;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Criminal
    prosecution;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warning
    letters, untitled letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Recalls,
    withdrawals, or administrative detention or seizure of our products; or</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
    restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Failure
to comply with the applicable United States medical device regulatory requirements could result in, among other things, warning letters,
untitled letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees, civil penalties, unanticipated expenditures, repairs, replacements, refunds, recalls
or seizures of products, operating restrictions, total or partial suspension of production, the FDA&#8217;s refusal to issue certificates
to foreign governments needed to export products for sale in other countries, the FDA&#8217;s refusal to grant future premarket clearances
or approvals, withdrawals or suspensions of current product clearances or approvals and criminal prosecution.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Mainland
China</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Supervision
over Medical Devices and their Classification</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
main regulatory authorities of mainland China&#8217;s medical device industry include the State Administration for Market Regulation,
or SAMR, the National Medical Products Administration, formerly the China Food and Drug Administration, or CFDA, the National Development
and Reform Commission, or NDRC, the National Health Commission, or NHC, and the National Healthcare Security Administration, or NHSA.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Medical Devices, or the Regulations on Medical Devices, as amended by the State
Council on February 9, 2021 and became effective on June 1, 2021, regulates entities that engage in the R&amp;D, production, operation,
use, supervision and administration of medical devices in mainland China. Medical devices are classified according to their risk levels.
Class I medical devices are medical devices with low risks, and the safety and effectiveness of which can be ensured through routine
administration. Class II medical devices are medical devices with moderate risks, which are strictly controlled and administered to ensure
their safety and effectiveness. Class III medical devices are medical devices with relatively high risks, which are strictly controlled
and regulated through special measures to ensure their safety and effectiveness.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
evaluation of the risk levels of medical devices takes into consideration the medical devices&#8217; objectives, structural features,
methods of use and other factors. Registration is required for Class II and Class III medical devices; and filing is required for Class
I medical devices. Furthermore, to engage in the business operator of Class II medical devices, the operator shall file for record with
the authority department; and to engage in the production of Class II or Class III medical devices, the producer shall procure a permission
with the authority department; while to engage in the production of Class I medical devices, the producer shall file for record with
the authority department. Violations of the Regulations on Medical Devices shall result in various penalties ranging from fines (fixed
range or based on the values of the illegally manufactured goods in severe violations), confiscation of products illegally sold and illegally
obtained gains, revoking licenses, suspension of business, being refused to review and approve the medical devices permit within five
years after such violation, or even criminal liability.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Registration
and Filing of Medical Device Products</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pursuant
to the Measures for the Administration of Registration and Filing of Medical Devices, which were promulgated by the SAMR on August 26,
2021 and came into effect on October 1, 2021, Class I medical devices shall be subject to product filing, while Class II and Class III
medical devices shall be subject to product registration. For Class I domestic medical devices, the applicant shall submit filing materials
to the medical products administrative departments at the level of cities divided into districts. For Class II domestic medical devices,
the medical products administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government
shall be responsible for examination, and issuance of registration certificates for medical devices. For Class III domestic medical devices,
the NMPA shall be responsible for examination, and issuance of registration certificates for medical devices. For Class I imported medical
devices, applicant shall submit filing materials to the NMPA. In addition, the Measures for the Administration of Registration and Filing
of Medical Devices also sets out provisions on R&amp;D, clinical evaluation, verification of the registration system, product registration,
change of registration, renewal of registration and filing of medical devices.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">A
registrant shall proactively carry out post-marketing research on a medical device to further confirm the safety, effectiveness and quality
control of a medical device, and strengthen the management of the listed medical device. For registered Class II and Class III medical
devices, if there are any substantial changes in the design, raw materials, production techniques, applicable scope and usage, among
others which may impact its safety and effectiveness, the registrants shall apply to the original registration departments to modify
its registration; for other changes, registrants shall file the modifications with the original registration departments within 30 days
from the date of the changes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Good Clinical Practice for Medical Devices Trials promulgated by the NMPA and the NHC, which was last amended on March 24, 2022 and became
effective on May 1, 2022 stipulates the procedural requirements for medical device clinical trials, including, among others, the protocol
design, implementation, monitoring, verification, inspection, and data collection, recording, preservation, analysis, summary and reporting
procedure of a clinical trial. When conducting clinical trials for medical devices, an applicant shall formulate scientific and reasonable
clinical trial protocols according to the purpose of the trial, and consider comprehensively the risks, technical characteristics, scope
of application and expected use of the medical devices. The applicant shall select appropriate and qualified clinical trial institutions
and researchers according to the medical device, and enter into a contract with them to specify the rights and obligations of each party
in the clinical trials of medical devices. The applicant for clinical trials of medical devices shall be responsible for initiating,
applying, organizing and monitoring such clinical trials, and shall be responsible for the authenticity and compliance of the clinical
trials.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Regulations
Regarding the Production of Medical Devices</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pursuant
to the Regulations on Medical Devices, in addition to the medical device registration certificate, the medical device manufacturers shall
file with the local NMPA at the municipal level or obtain a production license from the local NMPA at the provincial level before engaging
in the production of medical devices. A medical device production license shall be valid for five years. The Measures for the Supervision
and Administration of Medical Device Manufacture, was promulgated by the CFDA on July 20, 2004 and was last amended on March 10, 2022,
which became effective on May 1, 2022, pursuant to which, in the event of entrusted manufacturing of medical devices, the medical devices
registrant or the party undergoing filing shall assess the entrusted party&#8217;s quality assurance capabilities and risk management
capabilities, and follow the guidelines for entrusted production to sign the quality agreement and the entrustment agreement with the
entrusted party and to supervise the entrusted party to fulfill the obligations agreed upon in the agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pursuant
to the Good Manufacturing Practice for Medical Devices, which was promulgated on December 29, 2014 and became effective on March 1, 2015,
an enterprise engaging in the production of medical devices shall establish and maintain an effective quality control system in accordance
with the requirements of the Good Manufacturing Practice for Medical Devices. The regulations set provisions on the organization and
personnel, premises and facilities, equipment, document management, design and development, purchasing, production management, quality
control, sales and after-sale services of medical devices. The enterprise shall establish a procurement control process and evaluate
its suppliers by establishing an examination system to ensure the purchased products are in compliance with the statutory requirements.
The enterprise shall implement risk management procedures to the entire process from design and development, production, sales and after-sale
services, and the measures taken shall be appropriate to the risks of the products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Regulation
Regarding the Operation of Medical Devices</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">According
to the Administrative Measures for Supervision of the Operation of Medical Devices, which was promulgated by the CFDA on July 30, 2014
and was later amended on November 17, 2017, and March 10, 2022, which became effective on May 1, 2022, pursuant to which, an enterprise
engaging in the operations of Class I medical devices is not required to obtain an approval or filing. An enterprise engaging in the
operations of Class II medical devices is required to obtain a product filing with the food and drug supervision and administration departments
of the city with districts where it is located. An enterprise engaging in the operations of Class III medical devices shall obtain an
operation permit from the food and drug supervision and administration departments of the city with districts where it is located. No
operation permit or filing is required for the registrant, record holder or manufacturer to sell its medical devices at its domicile
or production sites; while an operation permit or filing is required to store and sell medical devices in other places.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Regulations
Regarding the Naming and Labeling of Medical Devices</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
accordance with the Provisions on the Administration of Instructions and Labels of Medical Devices adopted at the executive meeting of
the CFDA on June 27, 2014 and implemented on October 1, 2014, the contents in the instructions and labels of medical devices shall be
scientific, true, complete, accurate and consistent with product features. Where the instructions and labels fail to meet the requirements
set out in the provisions, the food and drug supervision and administration department at or above the county level shall impose penalties
in accordance with Article 67 of the Regulation of Medical Devices.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Naming Rules for the Generic Names of Medical Devices was promulgated by the CFDA and became effective from April 1, 2016. For purposes
of strengthening the supervision and administration of medical devices and guaranteeing that generic names of medical devices are named
in a scientific and standardized manner, the Naming Rules for the Generic Names of Medical Devices stipulates that medical devices sold
and used within the territory of mainland China shall have a generic name.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Regulations
Regarding the Safety Control of Medical Devices</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pursuant
to the Administrative Measures for Medical Device Recalls, which was promulgated by the former CFDA on January 25, 2017 and became effective
on May 1, 2017, medical device manufacturers are responsible for reducing and eliminating product defects, and voluntarily recalling
any defective products. Defective medical devices include products (i) that would cause unreasonable risk to human health and life during
the normal use; (ii) that do not conform to the required standards, or the technical requirements stipulated on the product registration
or filing; (iii) that do not comply with relevant quality management requirements on the production and operation of medical devices
and may cause unreasonable risk; and (iv) that need to be recalled.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
defects may cause severe consequences, medical device recalls are divided into three classes, namely: (i) Class I recall, where the circumstances
leading to the recall may cause, or have caused, serious harm to health; (ii) Class II recall, where the circumstances leading to the
recall may cause, or have caused, temporary or reversible harm to health; or (iii) Class III recall, where the circumstances leading
to the recall are not likely to cause harm, but a recall is necessary.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Medical
device manufacturers shall determine the appropriate recall class based on the situation and design and implement an appropriate recall
plan by taking into consideration the recall class and the sale and use of the medical devices. For Class I recalls, the recall notice
shall be published on the NMPA website and major media channels of the central government. For Class II and Class III recalls, the recall
notice shall be published on the website of the provincial level, autonomous regions or municipalities of food and drug administrative
authority.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
accordance with the Administration Measures for Medical Device Adverse Events Monitoring and Re-evaluation which was issued on August
13, 2018 and became effective on January 1, 2019, the holder of the medical device registration certificate is obliged to collect information
with respect to adverse events and report to the monitoring technical regulators in a timely manner. The adverse events are classified
as individual medical device adverse events and group medical device adverse events. In the event an individual medical device adverse
event occurs, the holder is required to conduct an investigation immediately and report its findings within seven days if a death has
occurred or within 20 days if a serious injury, possible serious injury or possible death has occurred. In the event a group medical
device adverse event occurs, the holder, business operator or user aware of the group medical device adverse event shall report to the
competent regulatory authorities within 12 hours.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Hong
Kong</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Currently,
there is no specific legislation that regulates the manufacture, import, export and sale of medical devices in Hong Kong. However, depending
on the nature and characteristics of the products concerned, some products may be regulated by existing pieces of legislation such as
the Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance (Cap 138), the Radiation Ordinance (Cap 303), and the Telecommunications Ordinance (Cap 106).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">A
statutory control framework for medical devices is being developed by the Hong Kong government to ensure that medical devices are safe,
of good quality, and can perform as intended before they are allowed to be placed on the local market. To raise public awareness on the
safe use of medical devices and enable traders to familiarize themselves with the future mandatory requirements, the Government has launched
the voluntary Medical Device Administrative Control System (MDACS) since November 2004. The listing of medical devices and traders, and
the Conformity Assessment Body (CAB) Recognition Scheme were implemented in phases. The MDACS covers classes II to IV (medium to high
risk) general medical devices, classes B to D (medium to high risk) in vitro diagnostic medical devices, local manufacturers, importers,
distributors and CABs. The MDACS has the same scope as that of the proposed legislative control framework.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Laws
and Regulations Relating to Our Business in Singapore</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
we operate primarily in Singapore, we are subject to all relevant laws and regulations of Singapore and may be affected by new laws,
regulations and policies which are introduced by the Singapore government from time to time. We have identified the main laws and regulations
(apart from those pertaining to general business requirements) that we anticipate may materially affect our operations, the relevant
regulatory bodies and the licenses, permits and approvals typically required for the conduct of our business in Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
following description is a summary of material laws and regulations applicable to our operations in Singapore. The laws and regulations
set out below are not exhaustive and are only intended to provide general information to investors and are neither designed nor intended
to be a substitute for professional advice. Prospective investors should consult their own advisers regarding the implication of the
relevant laws and regulations on us.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Regulations
on Labor</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Employment
Act</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Employment Act 1968 of Singapore (the &#8220;Employment Act&#8221;) is the main legislation governing employment in Singapore and is
administered by the Ministry of Manpower (&#8220;MOM&#8221;). The Employment Act covers every employee who is under a contract of service
with an employer (which includes workmen and persons employed in managerial or executive positions but does not cover seafarers, domestic
workers, and, under certain circumstances persons employed in a managerial or executive position. The definition of &#8220;employee&#8221;
under the Employment Act does not extend to freelance contractors who have entered into a contract for service.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">A
workman is defined under the Employment Act as including, among others, (a) any person, skilled or unskilled, who has entered into a
contract of service with an employer in pursuance of which he is engaged in manual labor, including any apprentice but excluding any
seafarer or domestic worker; and (b) any person employed partly for manual labor and partly for the purpose of supervising in person
any workman in and throughout the performance of his work.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Core
employment provisions of the Employment Act, such as public holiday and sick leave entitlements, minimum days of annual leave, payment
of salary and authorized deductions and reinstatement for wrongful dismissal, cover all employees (as defined in the Employment Act).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
addition to the core employment provisions of the Employment Act, Part 4 of the Employment Act contains provisions relating to, among
other things, working hours, overtime, rest days, payment of retrenchment benefit, priority of retirement benefit, annual wage supplements
and other conditions of work or service (&#8220;Part 4&#8221;). However, such Part 4 provisions only apply to: (a) workmen earning basic
monthly salaries of not more than S$4,500; and (b) employees (excluding workmen or a person employed in a managerial or an executive
position) earning basic monthly salaries of not more than S$2,600. An employer who breaches any provision of Part 4 is guilty of an offence
and is liable on conviction for a fine not exceeding S$5,000, and for a second or subsequent offence a fine not exceeding S$10,000 or
imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or both.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Employers
are required to provide to their employees who are covered by the Employment Act and who have entered into a contract of service with
the employer on or after 1 April 2016, and are employed for a continuous period of 14 days or more, a written record of the key employment
terms of the employee. The key employment terms required to be provided (unless inapplicable to such employee) include, among other things,
working arrangements (such as daily working hours, number of working days per week and rest day(s)), salary period, basic salary, fixed
allowances and deductions, overtime rate of pay, types of leave and other medical benefits.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Employment
of Foreign Manpower Act</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
employment of foreign employees in Singapore is governed by the Employment of Foreign Manpower Act 1990 of Singapore (the &#8220;EFMA&#8221;)
and is regulated by the MOM. The EFMA prescribes the responsibilities and obligations of employers of foreign employees in Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
EFMA provides that no person shall employ a foreign employee unless the foreign employee has obtained a valid work pass from the MOM
in accordance with the Employment of Foreign Manpower (Work Passes) Regulations 2012, which allows the foreign employee to work for him.
Any person who fails to comply with or contravenes this provision of the EFMA is guilty of an offence and will: (a) be liable on conviction
for a fine not less than S$5,000 and not more than S$30,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or both; and (b) on a
second or subsequent conviction: (i) in the case of an individual, be liable for a fine of not less than S$10,000 and not more than S$30,000
and imprisonment for a term of not less than one month and not more than 12 months; or (ii) in any other case, be punished with a fine
of not less than S$20,000 and not more than S$60,000.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Regulations
on Provident Fund</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Central
Provident Fund Act</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Central Provident Fund (the &#8220;CPF&#8221;) system is a mandatory social security savings scheme funded by contributions from employers
and employees. Pursuant to the Central Provident Fund Act 1953 of Singapore (&#8220;CPFA&#8221;), an employer is obliged to make CPF
contributions for all employees who are Singapore citizens or permanent residents who are employed in Singapore by an employer (which
do not include those who are employed as a master, a seaman or an apprentice in any vessel, subject to an exception for non-exempted
owners). However, CPF contributions do not apply to employees who are not a citizen or permanent resident of Singapore. CPF contributions
are required for both ordinary wages and additional wages (subject to an ordinary wage ceiling and an additional wage ceiling) of employees
at the applicable prescribed rates which is dependent on, among other things, the amount of monthly wages and the age of the employee.
Employers must pay both the employer&#8217;s and employee&#8217;s share of the monthly CPF contribution. However, an employer can recover
the employee&#8217;s share of CPF contributions by deducting it from their wages when the contributions are paid for that month.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Where
the amount of the contributions which an employer is liable to pay under the CPFA in respect of any month is not paid within such period
as may be prescribed, the employer shall be liable for the payment of interest on the amount for every day the amount remains unpaid
commencing from the first day of the month succeeding the month in respect of which the amount is payable and the interest shall be calculated
at the rate of 1.5% per month or the sum of S$5, whichever is greater. Additionally, where any employer who has recovered any amount
from the monthly wages of an employee in accordance with the CPFA fails to pay the contributions to the CPF within such time as may be
prescribed, he will be guilty of an offence and will be liable on conviction for a fine not exceeding S$10,000 or imprisonment for a
term not exceeding seven years or both. Lastly, where a person has been convicted of an offence under the CPFA but there are no penalties
provided, the offender may be liable for a fine not exceeding S$5,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or both, and
where the offence is repeated by the same offender, the offender may be liable for a fine not exceeding S$10,000 or imprisonment for
a term not exceeding 12 months or both.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Regulations
on Import and Export</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Customs
Regulations</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Goods
exported from, or imported into, Singapore are regulated under the Customs Act 1960 of Singapore (the &#8220;Customs Act&#8221;). To
export goods from, or import goods into, Singapore, the exporter or importer (as the case may be) is required to declare the goods to
Singapore Customs, a department under the Ministry of Finance, which is the lead agency for trade facilitation and revenue enforcement.
Goods and services tax (&#8220;GST&#8221;) is not levied on goods exported from Singapore. A customs export permit is required for, among
other things, the export of locally manufactured goods or local GST paid goods, the export of goods from free trade zones, dutiable goods
from licensed warehouses and non-dutiable goods from a zero-rated warehouse. A customs import permit is required for the import of goods
into Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Exporters
and importers may be penalized if they do not comply with the requirements and conditions imposed under the Customs Act. A person who
makes an incorrect declaration or fails to make a declaration of goods imported into, exported from or transshipped in Singapore may
be liable on conviction for a fine not exceeding S$10,000, or the equivalent of the amount of the customs duty, excise duty or tax payable,
whichever is the greater amount, or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or both.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Regulations
on Workplace Safety and Health</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Workplace
Safety and Health Act 2006</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Workplace Safety and Health Act 2006 of Singapore (&#8220;WSHA&#8221;), which is regulated by the MOM, provides that every employer has
the duty to take, so far as is reasonably practicable, such measures as are necessary to ensure the safety and health of its employees
at work. These measures include: (a) providing and maintaining for the employees a work environment that is safe, without risk to health,
and adequate as regards to facilities and arrangements for employees&#8217; welfare at work; (b) ensuring that adequate safety measures
are taken in respect of any machinery, equipment, plant, article or process used by the employees; (c) ensuring that the employees are
not exposed to hazards arising out of the arrangement, disposal, manipulation, organization, processing, storage, transport, working
or use of things in or near their workplace and under the control of the employer; (d) developing and implementing procedures for dealing
with emergencies that may arise while those persons are at work; and (e) ensuring that the employees at work have adequate instruction,
information, training and supervision as is necessary for them to perform their work.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Any
person who breaches his duty under the WSHA is guilty of an offence and will be liable on conviction, in the case of a body corporate,
to a fine not exceeding S$500,000 and if the contravention continues after the conviction, the body corporate shall be guilty of a further
offence and will be liable to a fine not exceeding S$5,000 for every day or part thereof during which the offence continues after conviction.
For repeat offenders, where a person has on at least one previous occasion been convicted of an offence under the WSHA that causes the
death of any person and that person is subsequently convicted of the same offence that causes the death of another person, the court
may, in addition to any imprisonment, if prescribed, punish the person, in the case of a body corporate, with a fine not exceeding S$1
million and, in the case of a continuing offence, with a further fine not exceeding S$5,000 for every day or part thereof during which
the offence continues after conviction.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Under
the WSHA, it is the duty of any person who manufactures any machinery, equipment or hazardous substance (&#8220;MEHS&#8221;) for use
at work to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that (a) information regarding the safe use of the MEHS is available to any person
to whom the MEHS is supplied for use at work (which should include precautions to be taken for the proper use and maintenance of such
MEHS, the health hazards associated with the MEHS and the information relating to and the results of any examinations or tests of the
MEHS that are relevant to its safe use); (b) the MEHS are safe, and without risk to health, when properly used; and (c) the MEHS are
examined and tested in compliance with the obligation imposed by paragraph (b). The duties imposed on any person in respect of the aforementioned
shall (i) apply only if the MEHS are manufactured or supplied in the course of a trade, business, profession or undertaking carried on
by the person (whether for profit or not); (ii) apply whether the MEHS are exclusively manufactured or supplied for use by persons at
work; (iii) extend to the supply of the MEHS by way of sale, transfer, lease or hire and whether as principal or agent, and to the supply
of the MEHS to a person for the purpose of supply to others; and (iv) not apply to a person by reason only that the person supplies the
machinery or equipment under a lease-purchase agreement, conditional sale agreement or credit-sale agreement to another (the &#8220;Customer&#8221;)
in the course of a business of financing the acquisition of the machinery or equipment by the Customer from others. In the event any
person contravenes the relevant provision in the WSHA that imposes the aforementioned duty on such person, that person is guilty of an
offence, and liable on conviction (in the case of a natural person) for a fine not exceeding S$200,000 or imprisonment for a term not
exceeding two years or both, or (in the case of a body corporate) for a fine not exceeding S$500,000.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Further,
the Commissioner for Workplace Safety and Health (the &#8220;CWSH&#8221;) may serve a remedial order or a stop-work order in respect
of a workplace if he is satisfied that (a) the workplace is in such condition, or is so located, or any part of the machinery, equipment,
plant or article in the workplace is so used, that any work or process carried on in the workplace cannot be carried on with due regard
to the safety, health and welfare of persons at work; (b) any person has contravened any duty imposed by the WSHA; or (c) any person
has done any act, or has refrained from doing any act which, in the opinion of the CWSH, poses or is likely to pose a risk to the safety,
health and welfare of persons at work.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">A
remedial order will direct the person served with the order to take such measures, to the satisfaction of the CWSH, to, among other things,
remedy any danger so as to enable the work or process in the workplace to be carried on with due regard to the safety, health and welfare
of the persons at work. A stop-work order will direct the person served with the order to immediately cease to carry on any work or process
indefinitely or until such measures as are required by the CWSH have been taken, to the satisfaction of the CWSH, to remedy any danger
so as to enable the work or process in the workplace to be carried on with due regard to the safety, health and welfare of the persons
at work, and shall specify the date on which such order is to take effect.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Under
the WSHA, if the CWSH becomes aware of any accident, dangerous occurrence (such occurrences being set out in the First Schedule of the
WSHA) or occupational disease (including the diseases set out in the Second Schedule of the WSHA) in a workplace, the Commissioner may
direct an inspector to investigate the circumstances of the accident, dangerous occurrence or occupational disease. The occupier of a
workplace in which an accident, a dangerous occurrence or occupational disease occurs must take all reasonable measures to prevent any
person from modifying the scene where any fatal accident, dangerous occurrence or occupational disease occurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Additionally,
under the WSHA, inspectors appointed by the CWSH may, among others, enter a workplace to make such examination and inquiry as may be
necessary to ascertain whether the provisions of the WSHA are complied with, to take samples of any material or substance found in a
workplace or being discharged from any workplace for the purpose of analysis or test, to assess the levels of noise, illumination, heat
or harmful or hazardous substances in any workplace and the exposure levels of persons at work therein and to take into custody any article
in a workplace which is relevant to an investigation or inquiry under the WSHA.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Workplace
Safety and Health (Noise) Regulations 2011</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pursuant
to the Workplace Safety and Health (Noise) Regulations 2011 (the &#8220;WSH(N)R&#8221;), the occupier of a workplace must take reasonably
practicable measures to reduce or control the noise from any machinery or equipment used or from any process, operation or work carried
out by him in the workplace, so that no person at work in the workplace is exposed or likely to be exposed to excessive noise. This may
include replacing noisy machinery, equipment, processes, operations or work with less noisy machinery, equipment, processes, operations
or work, and such other measures as prescribed under the WSH(N)R. Where it is not practicable to reduce the noise, the occupier of a
workplace shall limit the duration of time persons at work are exposed to the noise in accordance with the time limits prescribed in
the Schedule under the WSH(N)R. Any person who contravenes the aforementioned is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction for
a fine not exceeding S$20,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or both, and if the person is a repeat offender, for
a fine not exceeding S$50,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or both.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Workplace
Safety and Health (Risk Management) Regulations</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pursuant
to the Workplace Safety and Health (Risk Management) Regulations, the employer in a workplace is required to, among other things, conduct
a risk assessment in relation to the safety and health risks posed to any person who may be affected by his undertaking in the workplace,
take all reasonably practicable steps to eliminate or minimize foreseeable risks to any person who may be affected by his undertaking
in the workplace, implement safe work procedures to control the risks, and to inform workers of the same, maintain records of such risk
assessments and measures/safe work procedures for a period of not less than three years and submit such records to the CWSH when required
by the CWSH from time to time. Any employer who, without reasonable excuse, contravenes the regulations pursuant to which the aforementioned
requirements are imposed, is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction for, depending on the specific regulation contravened:
(i) a fine not exceeding S$50,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or both; (ii) a fine not exceeding S$20,000 or imprisonment
for a term not exceeding two years or both, and if the person is a repeat offender, for a fine not exceeding S$50,000 or imprisonment
for a term not exceeding two years or both; or (iii) a fine not exceeding S$10,000, and if the person is a repeat offender, for a fine
not exceeding S$20,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or both.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Workplace
Safety and Health (General Provisions) Regulations (&#8220;WSH(GP)R&#8221;)</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">More
specific duties imposed on employers are laid out in the WSH(GP)R. Some of these duties include (a) taking effective measures to protect
persons at work from the harmful effects of any exposure to any biohazardous material which may constitute a risk to their health; (b)
taking reasonably practicable measures to prevent the accumulation of any toxic dust, fumes, gas, vapor, mist, fiber or other contaminants;
(c) providing, maintaining and keeping clean, sufficient and suitable sanitary conveniences for employees in the work place; and (d)
providing and maintaining sufficient and suitable lighting for such sanitary conveniences.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">It
is also mandatory for at least one board director or chief executive officer of our Singapore Subsidiary to complete the Top Executive
WSH Programme, as the Singapore Subsidiary is in the manufacturing industry and the manufacturing industry is a high-risk industry according
to the Singapore Standard Industrial Classification. The Singapore Subsidiary is therefore a regulated person (i.e., a person that carries
on a business in Singapore, the general nature of which is or includes a high-risk industry) under Regulation 38B of the WSH(GP)R. A
regulated person that contravenes this requirement shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding
$20,000 and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding $1,000 for every day or part of a day during which
the offence continues after conviction.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Work
Injury Compensation Act</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Work Injury Compensation Act 2019 of Singapore (&#8220;WICA&#8221;), which is regulated by the MOM, applies to all employees who have
entered into or work under a contract of service (including an apprenticeship contract) with an employer. The WICA does not cover self-employed
persons or independent contractors. However, the WICA does provide that, where any person (referred to as the principal) in the course
of or for the purpose of his trade or business contracts with any other person (referred to as the subcontractor employer), the principal
shall be liable to compensate those employees of the subcontractor employer who were injured while employed in the execution of work
for the principal where directed by the Commissioner. The WICA provides that if an employee dies or sustains personal injuries in a work-related
accident or contracts occupational diseases in the course of the employment, the employer shall be liable to pay compensation in accordance
with the provisions of the WICA. An injured employee is entitled to claim medical leave wages, medical expenses and lump sum compensation
for permanent incapacity or death, subject to certain limits stipulated in the WICA.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Under
the WICA, every employer is required to insure and maintain insurance under approved policies with an insurer against all liabilities
which he may incur under the provisions of the WICA in respect of all employees employed by him, unless specifically exempted. Failure
to provide adequate insurance is an offence carrying a fine of up to S$10,000 or imprisonment for a term of up to 12 months, or both.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Regulations
on Environmental Protection and Waste Disposal</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Environmental
Public Health Act 1987</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Administered
by the NEA, the Environmental Public Health Act 1987 of Singapore (the &#8220;EPHA&#8221;) regulates, among other things, the disposal
and treatment of industrial waste and public nuisances. The DGPH may, pursuant to the EPHA, upon receipt of any information with respect
to the existence of a nuisance liable to be dealt with summarily under the EPHA and if satisfied of the existence of a nuisance, serve
a nuisance order, requiring measures to be taken to remedy the nuisance, on the person by whose act, default or sufferance the nuisance
arises or continues, or if the person cannot be found, on the owner or occupier of the premises on which the nuisance arises. Examples
of the nuisances which may be liable to be dealt with summarily under the EPHA include (a) any factory or workplace which is not kept
in a clean state; (b) any place where there exists or is likely to exist any condition giving rise, or capable of giving rise to the
breeding of flies or mosquitoes; (c) the keeping of any animal in such numbers as to become a nuisance; (d) any dust, effluvium, accumulation
or deposit which is a nuisance or injurious or dangerous to health; or (e) the issue of any fumes, vapours, gases, heat, radiation or
smells in any premises which is a nuisance or injurious or dangerous to health. Any failure to comply with the nuisance order served
is an offence and such person is liable upon first conviction to a fine not exceeding S$10,000 and to a further fine not exceeding S$1,000
for every day during which the offence continues after conviction.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Additionally,
under the EPHA, no person must dispose of or cause or permit to be disposed of industrial waste in or at any place except in or at a
public disposal facility or a disposal facility established pursuant to a waste disposal licence granted by the DPGH. Any failure to
comply with the aforementioned obligation under the EPHA concerning the disposal of industrial waste shall be guilty of an offence and
shall be liable on first conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Further,
the occupier of any work place where industrial waste is being produced must keep or store the waste before disposal in a proper and
efficient manner so as not to create a nuisance or to cause any risk, harm or injury to persons or animals or is likely to pollute the
environment. Any person who contravenes such provision shall be guilty of an offence and liable on first conviction to a fine not exceeding
$5,000.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Environmental
Protection and Management Act 1999</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Administered
by the NEA, the Environmental Protection and Management Act 1999 of Singapore and its subsidiary legislation regulate, among other things,
environmental pollution control in Singapore. Pursuant to the Environmental Protection and Management (Boundary Noise Limits for Factory
Premises) Regulations (&#8220;EPM(BNLFP)R&#8221;), the owner or occupier of any factory premises shall ensure that the level of noise
emitted from his premises does not exceed the maximum permissible noise levels as set out in the First Schedule to the EPM(BNLFP)R. The
maximum permissible noise levels may vary depending on the type of premise being so affected, such premises may include, among others,
noise sensitive premises that require peace and quiet, residential premises and commercial premises. Any person who fails to comply with
the aforementioned restrictions is guilty of an offence and liable upon conviction for (a) a fine not exceeding S$5,000 on the first
conviction, and in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding S$200 for every day or part thereof the offence
continues after the conviction; and (b) a fine not exceeding S$10,000 on a subsequent conviction, and in the case of a continuing offence,
to a further fine not exceeding S$300 for every day or part thereof during which the offence continues after conviction.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Regulations
on Data Protection</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Data
Protection Obligations</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Personal Data Protection Act 2012 of Singapore (&#8220;PDPA&#8221;) is a legal framework which establishes the Singapore regime for the
protection of personal data, and governs the collection, use and disclosure of personal data by organisations. In this regard, &#8220;personal
data&#8221; as defined under the PDPA refers to data, whether true or not, about an individual who can be identified from that data,
or from that data and other information to which the organization has or is likely to have access.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">An
organization is required to comply with the following obligations imposed by the PDPA:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(a)
<i>Purpose limitation obligation </i>&#8211; personal data must be collected, used or disclosed only for purposes that a reasonable person
would consider appropriate in the circumstances, and if applicable, have been notified to the individual concerned;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(b)
<i>Notification obligation </i>&#8211; individuals must be notified of the purposes for the collection, use or disclosure of their personal
data before such collection, use or disclosure;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(c)
<i>Consent obligation </i>&#8211; the consent of individuals must be obtained for any collection, use or disclosure of their personal
data, unless collection, use or disclosure of personal data without the individual&#8217;s consent is required or authorized under the
PDPA or other written law. In addition, an organization must allow the withdrawal of consent which has been given or is deemed to have
been given;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(d)
<i>Access and correction obligations </i>&#8211; when requested by an individual and unless exceptions under the PDPA apply, an organization
must: (i) provide that individual with access to his personal data in the possession or under the control of the organization and information
about the ways in which his personal data has been or may have been used or disclosed during the past year, and/or (ii) correct an error
or omission in his personal data that is in the possession or under the control of the organization;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(e)
<i>Accuracy obligation </i>&#8211; an organization must make reasonable efforts to ensure that personal data collected by or on its behalf
is accurate and complete if such personal data is likely to be used by the organization to make a decision affecting the individual to
whom the personal data relates or if such personal data is likely to be disclosed to another organization;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(f)
<i>Protection obligation </i>&#8211; an organization must make reasonable security arrangements for the protection of personal data in
its possession or under its control;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(g)
<i>Retention limitation obligation </i>&#8211; an organization must not keep personal data for longer than it is necessary to fulfill:
(i) the purpose for which it was collected, or (ii) a legal or business purpose;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(h)
<i>Transfer limitation obligation </i>&#8211; personal data must not be transferred out of Singapore except in accordance with the requirements
prescribed under the PDPA; and</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(i)
<i>Openness obligation </i>&#8211; an organization must implement the necessary policies and practices in order to meet the obligations
under the PDPA and shall make information about its policies and practices available on request.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Organisations
have mandatory obligations to assess data breaches they suffer, and to notify the Personal Data Protection Commission of Singapore (&#8220;PDPC&#8221;)
and the relevant individuals affected by the data breach where the data breach is of a certain severity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
PDPA establishes various offences relating to the improper use of personal data, certain methods of collecting personal data and certain
non-compliance with the requirements under the PDPA. These offences may be applicable to organisations, their officers, agents and/or
their employees. Offenders may be liable on conviction to fines and/or imprisonment. The PDPA grants the PDPC significant regulatory
powers to ensure compliance with the PDPA, including powers to investigate, give directions and impose financial penalties. In addition,
the PDPA created a right of private action, pursuant to which the Singapore courts may grant damages and/or relief by way of injunction
or declaration, to persons who suffer loss or damage directly as a result of contraventions of certain requirements under the PDPA.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Do
Not Call Obligations</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Apart
from the data protection obligations imposed under the PDPA, the PDPA also generally prohibits organisations and individuals from sending
direct marketing messages (in the form of voice calls, text or fax messages) to Singapore telephone numbers, including mobile, fixed-line,
residential and business numbers, registered with the Do Not Call Registry (the &#8220;DNC Registry&#8221;), as maintained by the PDPC
(the &#8220;DNC Obligations&#8221;). The DNC Obligations only apply to the sending of &#8220;specified messages&#8221; as defined in
the PDPA, which are marketing messages that offer, promote or advertise goods or services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pursuant
to the DNC Obligations, before an organization sends any specified messages to a Singapore telephone number, it must check whether that
Singapore telephone number is listed in the relevant register of the DNC Registry.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>C.
Organizational structure.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">See
&#8220;&#8212;A. History and Development of the Company.&#8221;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>D.
Property, plants and equipment.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">See
&#8220;&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Facilities.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><span id="hk_002"></span>ITEM
4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">None.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="hk_003"></span>ITEM
5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>The
following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial
statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Report. This discussion contains&#160;forward-looking&#160;statements reflecting
our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. See &#8220;Forward-Looking&#160;Statements&#8221; for a discussion of
the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially
from those discussed in our&#160;forward-looking&#160;statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth under &#8220;Risk
Factors&#8221; and elsewhere in this Report.</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Overview</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
are a Singapore-based biomedical and biotechnology company that is dedicated to the development and commercialization of innovative products
for the management of chronic wounds and the health and beauty sector. Our expertise in biomedical research allows us to identify and
utilize materials derived from natural sources to develop wound care products in the form of medical devices meeting international standards.
We believe we will be able to build upon and leverage such expertise to develop innovative cosmeceutical products in the future.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
of December 31, 2024, we manufactured and distributed our MEDIFLY products. The MEDIFLY products are used as a biological debridement
tool for chronic wounds, in a procedure known as Maggot Debridement Therapy, or MDT, which is an effective alternative to surgical debridement.
In addition to our currently commercialized MEDIFLY products, we have two lines of chronic wound care products in our pipeline. Such
lines of pipeline chronic wound care products include:</span></p>

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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collagen
    dressings, including sponges, particles and hydrogels utilizing bullfrog collagen derived from the valorization of abattoir waste
    streams of American bullfrogs (<i>Lithobates catesbeianus</i>); and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Products
    utilizing medical leeches for wound treatment.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
currently expect development of such products to take place over the course of 2025 and 2026 and to become commercially available subject
to regulatory approval.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
have been selling our MEDIFLY products primarily in Singapore since February 2020. In March 2023, our MEDIFLY products became commercially
available in Hong Kong. Looking ahead, we have strategic plans in place for 2025 and 2026 to expand our sales and establish physical
operations in several key regions, including the Middle East (in particular, the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council, or GCC),
and mainland China. These expansion initiatives will further enable us to cater to the growing demand for our products in these promising
markets, cementing our position as a trusted player in the field of chronic wound care and treatment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
our cosmeceuticals business, we introduced three products in 2023, including a hydrating balm product, a muscle energy cream and a pain
relief muscle patch. For our currently commercialized cosmeceutical products, we have commissioned original equipment manufacturers of
skincare products to develop the formulation and manufacture the substantially finished and finished products. In addition, we plan to
explore the possibility of developing a range of potential cosmeceutical product candidates incorporating bullfrog collagen using the
novel collagen production technology that we are currently developing with a view to making them commercially available between 2025
and 2028, subject to the progress of the relevant R&amp;D work.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
offer our chronic wound care products to both public and private hospitals and clinics, where patients can obtain them through prescription
from a physician. Our customers primarily include major public and private hospitals and clinics in Singapore. Our commercialized cosmeceutical
products can be purchased directly by individual customers through a variety of channels, including retailers and gyms in Singapore and
other countries such as Malaysia and Australia, as well as online shopping platforms such as Shopee.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, we had 14 full-time employees. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, our revenue amounted to
S$56,599, S$100,773, and S$48,321 (US$35,522), respectively, while we recorded net loss of S$1,094,516, S$1,119,555, and S$1,560,535
(US$1,147,199), respectively, for the same periods.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>A.
Operating results</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Key
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
results of operations have been, and are expected to continue to be, affected by various factors, which primarily include the following:</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Product
pipeline and commercialization</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
business and results of operations depend on our ability to successfully develop and commercialize our pipeline products and product
candidates and the timing of obtaining regulatory approvals and commercializing such products. As of December 31, 2024, we had fully
commercialized one distinct line of chronic wound care products, our MEDIFLY products, which accounted for 78.4% and 71.2% of our revenue
for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. We have a number of pipeline chronic wound care products and cosmeceutical
products under development. Our ability to grow our revenue and timing of such growth is largely dependent on whether and when we are
able to develop and commercialize these products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
results of operations also depend on our ability to successfully commercialize our pipeline products upon approval. The commercial success
of our products depends upon the degree of market acceptance each of such products achieves, particularly among hospitals and physicians.
Physicians&#8217; and hospitals&#8217; receptiveness to our products in turn depends on, among others, our ability to convince them as
to the distinctive characteristics, advantages, safety and cost effectiveness of our products as compared to our competitors&#8217; products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Growth
of the chronic wound care market in our intended markets</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
overall growth of the medical device market, in particular the chronic wound care market, will significantly affect our financial performance
and future growth. According to Fortune Business Insights, the market size for the global chronic wound care market was US$14.24 billion
in 2024 and is expected to reach US$25.22 billion in 2032, representing a CAGR of 7.4%. during the period. In particular, with the escalating
prevalence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, aging populations, enhanced patient health awareness, favorable government policies,
increased patient affordability and improved clinical practice of physicians, in the countries/regions where we currently operate or
intend to operate in the near future, namely, Southeast Asia, China, the United States and the Middle East, chronic wound care market
is expected to grow steadily in the foreseeable future.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
believe that we will benefit from the expected growth of the global and regional chronic wound care market. Through our robust product
pipeline, research and development expertise, in-house manufacturing capabilities and knowledge navigating the complex regulatory approval
process, we believe we are well positioned to capture the significant potential growth in the chronic wound care medical device market.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Our
ability to attract customers and educate health practitioners to the benefit of our products</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
generate revenue primarily from the provision of our chronic wound care products. Our sustainable revenue growth depends significantly
on our ability to retain and attract customers, primarily including hospitals and clinics in Singapore, which, in turn, relies on our
ability to educate healthcare practitioners regarding the utilization of our products in wound care environments. Healthcare practitioners
hold a crucial role in deciding the treatment path for patients and selecting the appropriate products, if needed, for their care. To
ensure the acceptance and adoption of our wound care products, it is essential to educate healthcare practitioners about the features,
advantages, safety, clinical effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of our products. This includes providing insights on potential comparisons
with competitor products and offering training on the correct application of our products to healthcare practitioners. As such, we allocate
substantial resources to training our sales professionals and to continuously augmenting their knowledge and capabilities on a continuous
basis.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and up to the date of this annual report, our wound care products had been prescribed by health
practitioners in a number of major general hospitals in Singapore and Hong Kong. In addition, we have either held and/or participated
in over 10 educational conferences and talks during the same period. Our ability to continue to enhance our recognition among chronic
wound care professionals and their potential patients is critical to our ability to continue to grow our revenue and achieve profitability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Favorable
Government Policies and Medical Insurance Coverage</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Government
policies and medical insurance coverage significantly affect the overall medical device industry, and specifically they can directly
affect the end-market prices, sales volume and market acceptance of our products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
have received government grants in the amount of S$51,069, S$36,086 and S$41,351 (US$30,398) for the years ended December 31, 2022,
2023 and 2024, respectively, due to the Jobs Support Scheme and Jobs Growth Incentive from Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore,
which is designed to support and encourage local hiring in Singapore. In addition, the Smart Nation initiative led by the government
of Singapore is expected to support the increased demand for medical devices by the rapidly ageing population to drive the market in
Singapore. Furthermore, the Research, Innovation and Enterprise Plan (RIE2025), launched by the government of Singapore, holds a
budget of around S$25 billion with &#8216;Human Health and Potential&#8217; as one of the major areas of focus. These broader
government policies and initiatives will help accelerate the innovation and upgrading of medical device industry, and boost the
development of the medical device market into the future. However, we cannot assure you that the government grants we are currently
benefiting from&#8239;and the favorable government policies will continue in the future. See &#8220;Risk Factors &#8211; Risks
Relating to Our Business and Industry &#8211; The reduction or discontinuation of government grants currently available to us may
have a material adverse effect on our business operations and financial condition.&#8221;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Additionally,
the growth in population coverage and funding for public medical insurance programs have significantly improved patients&#8217; abilities
to pay for medical treatment, resulting in considerable growth in both patient enrollment and average spending. As a result, whether
our products, including pipeline products expected to become commercially available, can be included in government insurance coverage
in the jurisdictions where we currently operate or intend to enter, will have a material impact on the demand for our products, the sales
volume of our products and our financial performance. However, there are uncertainties as to whether the government will continue to
increase its healthcare spending, and whether our products can be included in the public insurance coverage, and different jurisdictions
may have different practices for the reimbursement of our products.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Key
Components of Results of Operations</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Revenue</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, we generated revenue of S$56,599, S$100,773 and S$48,321 (US$35,522),
respectively. We derive all of our revenue from sale of our products. For the year ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, 100.0%,
78.4% and 71.2% of our revenue was derived from the sales of our MEDIFLY products, with the remaining 0.0%, 21.6% and 28.8% coming
from sales of our cosmeceutical products respectively, which we began selling in April 2023. For the year ended December 31, 2022,
2023 and 2024, 100.0%, 87.9% and 89.9% of our revenue was derived from customers located in Singapore, with the remainder of our
revenue derived from customers located in Hong Kong and Australia respectively.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Cost
of revenues</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
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and S$51,345 (US$37,745) respectively. The following table sets forth components of our cost of revenues for the years indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Gross
profit and gross profit margin</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
gross profit and gross profit margin are primarily affected by the pricing of the products as well as the fluctuation for some of
the consumables in cost of sales. For the years ended December 2022, 2023 and 2024, our gross profit and loss was S$19,978, S$36,605
and S$3,024 (US$2,223), respectively. Our gross profit and loss margin was 35.3%, 36.3% and 6.3%, respectively, for the same
periods.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Operating
expenses</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Selling,
general and administrative expenses</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of (i) selling and marketing expenses; (ii) payroll and employee
benefits; (iii) depreciation and amortization expenses; and (iv) other operating expenses. For the years ended December 31, 2022,
2023 and 2024, our selling, general and administrative expenses were S$902,887, S$937,200 and S$1,400,873 (US$1,029,827),
respectively. The following table sets forth components of our selling, general and administrative expenses for the periods
indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(i)
Selling and marketing expenses</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
selling and marketing expenses primarily consist of expenses relating to our advertising and marketing of our products and external
consulting costs. For the years ended December 2022, 2023 and 2024, our selling and marketing expenses were S$35,869, S$79 and
S$3,641 (US$2,677), respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(ii)
Payroll and employee benefits</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
payroll and employee benefits primarily consist of personnel-related expenses associated with our employees, primarily including salaries,
benefits and allowances, and contributions to the government savings scheme in Singapore. The following table sets forth components of
our payroll and employee benefits for the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Notes:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1)
a mandatory social security savings scheme in Singapore funded by contributions from employers and employees</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2)
a compulsory levy in Singapore which requires an employer to pay for all employees working in Singapore</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3)
the payroll and employee benefits included here are those that are not directly associated with our revenue generation and research and
development activities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(iii)
Depreciation and amortization expenses</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
depreciation and amortization expenses are primarily charged on our (i) furniture and fittings; (ii) computers; and (iii)
renovation. The depreciation and amortization expenses included here are those that are not directly associated with our revenue
generation. For the years ended December 2023 and 2024, our depreciation and amortization expenses was S$27,156, S$26,994 and
S$31,687 (US$23,294), respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>(iv)
Other operating expenses</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

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other operating expenses primarily consist of professional fees, operating lease expenses, travelling expenses, allowance for
current expected credit losses, or ECL, and utilities. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, our other operating
expenses was S$123,392, S$237,662 and S$533,679 (US$392,325), respectively. The following table sets forth components of our other
operating expenses for the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Notes:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1)
Others primarily includes bank fees, fixed asset expensed off, IT &amp; computer expenses, and printing &amp; stationery expenses etc.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Research
and development costs</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
research and development costs primarily consist of the costs incurred by us on research and collaboration works conducted with NTU for
the extraction and formulation of bullfrog collagen and bullfrog collagen-based wound care products, and salaries and contributions related
to our research and development staff. With respect to our product using hirudotherapy, or medical leech therapy, currently in the pipeline,
in line with our R&amp;D workflow, we have completed the ideation phase of the project and are scheduled to commence the literature review
stage in second half of 2025. Therefore, no R&amp;D costs have been incurred thus far with respect to such products, and we anticipate
costs to be incurred starting from the preliminary investigation phase and onwards. For further information regarding our R&amp;D workflow,
please refer to the &#8220;Business &#8211; Research and Development&#8221;.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, our research and development costs were S$292,879, S$167,734 and S$241,362
(US$177,433), respectively. The following table sets forth components of our research and development costs for the periods
indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">30,800</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">157</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Notes:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1)
Rental for R&amp;D facilities refers to a short-term lease that we entered into in March 2022 for the purpose of conducting our research
and development activities in Life Science Incubator in Singapore. Life Science Incubator is a biosafety level 2 co-working laboratory
space offering advanced equipment and facilities to researchers. This lease was terminated in June 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Other
income</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
other income primarily consists of grants that we received under the Jobs Support Scheme and Jobs Growth Incentive from the
government of Singapore, as well as Enterprise Development Grant (&#8220;EDG&#8221;) for Sustainability Open Innovation Challenge
(&#8220;SOIC&#8221;) from Enterprise Singapore. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, our other income was S$90,634,
S$39,149 and S$173,865 (US$127,813), respectively. The following table sets forth components of our other income for the periods
indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">7,351</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,063</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">19</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">14</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Interest
expense</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Interest
expense mainly represents interest on interest-bearing bank loan, loan from one of our ultimate beneficial owners and loan from
employees. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, our interest expense was S$2,017, S$56,587 and S$37,210
(US$27,354), respectively. The following table sets forth components of our interest expense for the years indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">S$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">-</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">35,427</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">26,043</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,842</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">727</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,783</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,311</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">175</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">56,587</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">37,210</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">27,354</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Income
tax expense</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
income tax expense comprises our current tax expense and deferred tax. As we did not generate taxable income for the years ended December
31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, our income tax expense was nil, nil and nil, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><i>Taxation</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Cayman
Islands and BVI</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
Company and Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited are domiciled in the Cayman Islands and British Virgin Islands, respectively. The locality
currently enjoys permanent income tax holidays; accordingly, our Company does not accrue for income taxes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Singapore</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cuprina
Pte. Ltd. is incorporated in Singapore and is subject to Singapore corporate tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial
statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Singapore tax laws. The applicable tax rate is 17% in Singapore, with 75% of the first
S$10,000 taxable income and 50% of the next S$190,000 taxable income exempted from income tax.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Malaysia</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cuprina
Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., the subsidiary, is subject to Malaysia corporate tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial
statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Malaysia tax laws. The standard corporate income tax rate in Malaysia is 24%. However,
as the subsidiary fulfilled conditions where it has paid-up capital of MYR2.5 million or less, and gross income from business operations
is not more than MYR50 million, the tax rate is 17% on the first MYR600,000 and 24% on amount exceeding MYR600,000. The subsidiary had
no operating profit or tax liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Hong
Kong</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cuprina
Hong Kong Limited is considered a Hong Kong tax resident enterprise under Hong Kong tax laws; accordingly, it is subject to enterprise
income tax on its taxable income as determined under Hong Kong tax laws and accounting standards at a statutory tax rate of 16.5%.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Mainland
China</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cuprina
(Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., is considered a mainland China tax resident enterprise under mainland China tax laws; accordingly,
it is subject to enterprise income tax on its taxable income as determined under mainland China tax laws and accounting standards at
a statutory tax rate of 25%. The subsidiary had no operating profit or tax liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023
and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>United
States</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.3in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
United States Inc., is domiciled in the United States. As a result, it is subject to corporate income tax on its taxable income as determined
under United States tax laws at a federal tax rate of 21% and state tax rate ranging from 1% to 12%. The subsidiary had no operating
profit or tax liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Equity
in net earnings of affiliates</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
in net earnings of affiliates mainly related to the sharing of results for the following two joint arrangements (i) the arrangement between
Cuprina Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., one of our subsidiaries, and a local Malaysian company for the proposed business of selling our maggot-based
chronic wound care products in Malaysia, which was terminated in July 2023; and (ii) the arrangement between Cuprina Pte. Ltd., one of
our subsidiaries, and a local Saudi Arabian company for the supply of medical devices and the operation of medical laboratories and supporting
medical services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Year
on Year Comparisons of Our Results of Operations</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Year
ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year ended December 31, 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Revenue</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
revenue decreased by 52.0% from S$100,773 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to S$48,321 (US$35,522) for the year ended December 31,
2024. The decrease was primarily due to reduce in sales of our MEDIFLY products in both Singapore and Hong Kong. The number of patients
using our MEDIFLY products decreased from 135 for year ended December 31, 2023 to 78 for the year ended December 31, 2024.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Cost
of revenues</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
cost of revenues decreased by 20.0% from S$64,168 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to S$51,345 (US$37,745) for the year ended December
31, 2024, representing approximately 63.7%, and 106.3% of our revenue, respectively, for the corresponding years. The decrease was primarily
due to the reduce in the direct cost of our cosmeceutical products as well as the consumables of our MEDIFLY products, in line with our
reduce in revenues generated during the period.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
reduce in cost of revenues does not directly in line with the reduce in revenues, as majority of the cost of revenues are fixed in nature,
which primarily arise from production staff salaries and contributions, rental for production space, and depreciation for production
equipment. These costs have been fairly consistent for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024 despite of the reduce in the revenues
generated for the corresponding years.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Gross
profit and gross profit margin</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
gross profit decreased by 108.3% from S$36,605 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to gross loss of S$3,024 (US$2,223) for the year
ended December 31, 2024, which was due to the decreased revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024. Our gross profit margin decreased
from approximately 36.3% for the year ended December 31, 2023, to gross loss margin of approximately 6.3% for the year ended December
31, 2024. The decrease was primarily attributed to reduce in sales of our MEDIFLY products in both Singapore and Hong Kong, as majority
of the cost of revenues are fixed in nature, which primarily arise from production staff salaries and contributions, rental for production
space, and depreciation for production equipment</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Operating
expenses</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
operating expenses increased by 48.6% from S$1,104,934 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to S$1,642,235 (US$1,207,259) for the year
ended December 31, 2024. The increase was due to the increase in our selling, general and administrative expenses as well as the research
and development costs.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Selling,
general and administrative expenses</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 49.5% from S$937,200 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to S$1,400,873 (US$1,029,827)
for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was primarily due to an increase in our other operating expenses, payroll and employee benefits,
selling and marketing expenses, and depreciation and amortization expenses.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
Our selling and marketing expenses increased from S$79 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to S$3,641 (US$2,677) for the year ended
December 31, 2024. This was primarily due to our rebranding activities carried out for our cosmeceutical products, which were launched
during the period, including photography and building the social media library.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)
Our payroll and employee benefits increased by 23.7% from S$672,465 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to S$831,866 (US$611,531) for
the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily due to an increase in headcount in the last quarter of 2023, as well as
first quarter of 2024. Moreover, the increase was also due to the revision by Central Provident Fund Board for increasing the CPF ordinary
wage ceiling from S$6,000 to S$6,800 effective January 1, 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)
Our depreciation and amortization expenses increased by 17.4% from S$26,994 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to S$31,687 (US$23,294)
for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily due to investment in furniture and fittings in second half of 2023 and
the renovation of our office which was only completed in the middle of first quarter of 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)
Our other operating expenses increased by 124.6% from S$237,662 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to S$533,679 (US$392,325) for the
year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily attributed to an increase in professional fees incurred, particularly for (i)
annual financial audit fee amounting to S$143,263; (ii) six months&#8217; financial review fee amounting to S$55,045; (iii) engagement
of the public relation service company for their services at USD10,000 per month commencing from February 2024 onward; and (iv) delay
in our IPO.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Research
and development costs</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
research and development costs increased by 43.9% from S$167,734 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to S$241,362 (US$177,433) for the
year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in research and development costs was primarily due to the increase in the salaries and contributions
related to our internal research and development staff from S$150,177 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to S$226,632 (US$166,604)
for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to the hiring of research and development staff in October
2023.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Other
income</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
other income increased by 344.1% from S$39,149 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to S$173,865 (US$127,813) for the year ended December
31, 2024. The increase was in relation to the interim EDG for SOIC from Enterprise Singapore amounted to $122,315.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Interest
expense</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
interest expense decreased by 34.2% from S$56,587 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to S$37,210 (US$27,354) for the year ended December
31, 2024. This decrease was primarily attributable to the advances given to us in 2023 by one of our ultimate beneficial owners, which
carries a one-off interest rate of 6.0% and amounted to S$55,860. This decrease was partially offset by the loan given to us in 2024
from several of our employees, which carries a one-off interest rate of 25.0%. The principal and interest has been fully settled as of
June 30, 2024.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Equity
in net earnings of affiliates</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
equity in net earnings of the affiliates primarily relates to the sharing of results from two joint arrangements. The first arrangement
is held by our subsidiary, Cuprina Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., and the second arrangement is held by our subsidiary, Cuprina Pte. Ltd. Both of
these arrangements are accounted for using the equity method, starting from July 2022 and May 2023, respectively. The joint arrangement
held by Cuprina Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. was terminated in July 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded a loss of S$51,931 (US$38,176) from existing affiliate, attributed to the sharing of operational
losses. This is in comparison to a loss of S$33,788 recorded for the year ended December 31, 2023, from both affiliates, attributed to
the sharing of operational losses.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Net
loss</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a result of the foregoing, in particular the increase in payroll and employee benefits and professional fees under other operating expenses,
our net loss increased from S$1,119,555 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to S$1,560,535 (US$1,147,199) for the year ended December
31, 2024.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Year
ended December 31, 2023 Compared to Year ended December 31, 2022.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Revenue</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
revenue increased by 78.0% from S$56,599 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to S$100,773 (US$76,424) for the year ended December 31,
2023. The increase was primarily due to sales of cosmeceutical products commencing in April 2023, which amounted to S$21,816, as well
as sales of our MEDIFLY products in Hong Kong which commenced in March 2023 and contributed S$7,897 to our revenue for the year ended
December 31, 2023. The number of patients using our MEDIFLY products increased from 125 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to 135 for
the year ended December 31, 2023.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Cost
of revenues</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
cost of revenues increased by 75.2% from S$36,621 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to S$64,168 (US$48,664) for the year ended December
31, 2023, representing approximately 64.7%, and 63.7% of our revenue, respectively, for the corresponding years. The increase was primarily
due to the direct cost of our cosmeceutical products, which amounted to S$15,624, as well as an increase in depreciation expenses for
our production equipment for MEDIFLY products as we made investments in equipment in the first half of 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Gross
profit and gross profit margin</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
gross profit increased by 83.2% from S$19,978 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to S$36,605 for the year ended December 31, 2023,
which was due to the increased revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023. Our gross profit margin increased from approximately 35.3%
for the year ended December 31, 2022, to 36.3% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily attributed to the sales
of our MEDIFLY products in the Hong Kong market commenced in 2023, which had higher gross profit margins compared to sales of MEDIFLY
products in Singapore. In addition, the consolidation of our suppliers of plastic vials used to contain the maggots for our MEDIFLY products
resulted in lower bulk purchase prices, leading to a decrease in associated production costs. Such increase was partially offset by the
commercialization of our cosmeceutical products, which generally had lower gross profit margins compared to sales of our MEDIFLY products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Operating
expenses</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
operating expenses decreased by 7.6% from S$1,195,766 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to S$1,104,934 for the year ended December
31, 2023. The decrease was due to the decrease in our research and development costs, partially offset by the increase in our selling,
general and administrative expenses.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Selling,
general and administrative expenses</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 3.8% from S$902,887 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to S$937,200 for the
year ended December 31, 2023, which was primarily due to an increase in our other operating expenses, partially offset by a decrease
in our selling and marketing expenses, payroll and employee benefits, and depreciation and amortization expenses.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
Our selling and marketing expenses decreased from S$35,869 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to S$79 for the year ended December 31,
2023. This was primarily due to our decision to no longer engage with the advertising consultant we had hired in 2022.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)
Our payroll and employee benefits decreased by 6.2% from S$716,740 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to S$672,465 for the year ended
December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in headcount in the second half of 2022, which continued into 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)
Our depreciation and amortization expenses remained relatively steady at S$27,156 for the year ended December 31, 2022, and S$26,994
for the year ended December 31, 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)
Our other operating expenses increased by 92.6% from S$123,392 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to S$237,662 for the year ended December
31, 2023. The increase was primarily attributed to (i) an increase in professional fees incurred, particularly for consultant services
related to our business expansion and license applications in various countries; (ii) an increase in operating lease expenses for right-of-use
assets due to a lease agreement entered into for our office in the fourth quarter of 2022; and (iii) an increase in the allowance for
expected credit loss in our accounts receivable due to a change in the billing procedure of public hospitals in Singapore, resulting
in a delay in the settlement of our accounts receivable. For further information, please refer to &#8220;Management&#8217;s Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Accounts receivable, net&#8221; in the prospectus.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Research
and development costs</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 60pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
research and development costs decreased by 42.7% from S$292,879 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to S$167,734 for the year ended
December 31, 2023. The decrease in research and development costs was primarily due to the decrease in external research and development
costs from S$173,863 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to nil for the year ended December 31, 2023, as we had recognized the majority
of the contract costs in connection with our industry research collaboration agreement with NTU in 2022, and no further costs were incurred
in 2023, partially offset by an increase in the salaries and contributions related to our internal research and development staff from
S$82,719 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to S$150,177 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily attributable
to the hiring of research and development staff towards the end of the first half of 2022, with an additional headcount added in October
2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Other
income</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
other income decreased by 56.8% from S$90,634 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to S$39,149 for the year ended December 31, 2023.
This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in government grants we received from the Jobs Support Scheme and Jobs Growth Incentive
of the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore, as these grants were primarily offered as temporary incentives to mitigate the effects
of the COVID-19 pandemic and have been gradually decreasing as Singapore moves further away from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Such schemes have been completely phased out by the end of 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Interest
expense</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
interest expense increased significantly from S$2,017 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to S$56,587 for the year ended December 31,
2023. This increase was primarily attributable to the advances given to us in 2023 by one of our ultimate beneficial owners, which carries
a one-off interest rate of 6.0%. As of December 31, 2023, the payable balance to this ultimate beneficial owner amounted to S$986,860
and was due by the earlier of June 30, 2024 or upon completion of this offering. The loan term has been extended for a period of six
months, to the earlier of December 31, 2024 or completion of this offering. Subsequently, the loan term has been further extended for
a period of six months, to the earlier of June 30, 2025 or completion of this offering.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Equity
in net earnings of affiliates</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
equity in net earnings of the affiliates primarily relates to the sharing of results from two joint arrangements. The first arrangement
is held by our subsidiary, Cuprina Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., and the second arrangement is held by our subsidiary, Cuprina Pte. Ltd. Both of
these arrangements are accounted for using the equity method, starting from July 2022 and May 2023, respectively. The joint arrangement
held by Cuprina Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. was terminated in July 2023. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded a loss of S$33,788
from both affiliates, attributed to the sharing of operational losses. This is in comparison to a loss of S$7,345 recorded for the year
ended December 31, 2022.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Net
loss</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a result of the foregoing, our net loss remained relatively steady at S$1,094,516 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and S$1,119,555
for the year ended December 31, 2023.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>A.</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Liquidity
                                            and Capital Resources</b></span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
primary source of liquidity historically has been cash generated from our bank loan and equity and loan contributions from our shareholders,
which have historically been sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
2021, we entered into a bridging loan agreement with DBS Bank with an aggregated principal amount of S$100,000 (US$73,513) with interest
rate of 2.5% per annum.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2024, we entered into a working capital loan agreement with DBS Bank with an aggregated principal amount of S$200,000 (US$147,026)
with interest rate of 8.0% per annum.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, our cash and cash equivalents were S$116,472 (US$85,622). Our cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash
in bank balances.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, anticipated cash raised from financings, and anticipated cash flow from operations,
together with the net proceeds from offering completed on April 11, 2025, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for the
next 12 months from the date of this annual report. However, the exact amount of proceeds we use for our operations and expansion plans
will depend on the amount of cash generated from our operations and any strategic decisions we may make that could alter our expansion
plans and the amount of cash necessary to fund these plans. We may, however, decide to enhance our liquidity position or increase our
cash reserve for future investments through additional capital and finance funding. We may need additional cash resources in the future
if we experience changes in business conditions or other developments, or if we find and wish to pursue opportunities for investments,
acquisitions, capital expenditures or similar actions. If we determine that our cash requirements exceed the amount of cash and cash
equivalents we have on hand at the time, we may seek to issue additional equity or debt securities or obtain credit facilities. The issuance
and sale of additional equity would result in further dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased
fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will
be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to manage our working capital, including receivables and other assets and liabilities and accrued liabilities, may materially
affect our financial condition and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table sets forth our selected consolidated cash flow data for the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">(894,981</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Net
cash used in operating activities</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We had net cash flows used in
operating activities of S$1,849,674 for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily reflecting a net loss of S$1,094,516, as adjusted
by (a) positive changes of approximately S$52,066 in non-cash items primarily including depreciation and amortization, expected credit
loss on accounts receivable, equity in net earnings of affiliates and loss on disposal of plant and equipment; and (b) negative changes
of approximately S$807,224 in working capital primarily reflecting (i) an increase of approximately S$38,444 in accounts receivable, (ii)
an increase of approximately S$103,297 in other current assets, (iii) an increase of approximately S$392,097 in advance to related parties,
and (iv) an decrease of approximately S$266,857 in accruals and other payables.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We had net cash flows used in operating activities
of S$894,981 for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily reflecting a net loss of S$1,119,555, as adjusted by (a) positive changes
of approximately S$99,846 in non-cash items primarily including depreciation and amortization, expected credit loss on accounts receivable
and equity in net earnings of affiliates; and (b) positive changes of approximately S$124,728 in working capital primarily reflecting
(i) a decrease of approximately S$238,900 in net advance to related parties, partially offset by (ii) an increase of approximately S$37,511
in accounts receivable, (iii) an increase of approximately S$32,122 in other current assets, and (iv) a decrease of approximately S$45,863
in accruals and other payables.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We had net cash flows used in operating activities
of S$1,235,981 (US$908,609) for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily reflecting a net loss of S$1,560,535 (US$1,147,199), as adjusted
by (a) positive changes of approximately S$96,198 (US$70,178) in non-cash items primarily including depreciation and amortization and
equity in net earnings of affiliate; and (b) positive changes of approximately S$228,356 (US$167,872) in working capital primarily reflecting
(i) an decrease of approximately S$10,639 (US$7,821) in other current assets, and (ii) an increase of approximately S$123,562 (US$90,835)
in accruals and other payables,(iii) a decrease of approximately S$24,430 (US$17,959) in accounts receivable, and (iv) a decrease of approximately
S$69,725 (US$51,257) in net advance to related parties.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Net
cash use investing activities</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Net cash used in investing activities
was S$31,284 for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was primarily attributable to the acquisition of new property and equipment as
well as capital contribution to a joint arrangement entered between Cuprina Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., one of our subsidiaries, and a local Malaysian
company in relation to a proposed business of selling our maggot-based chronic wound care products in Malaysia.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
cash used in investing activities was S$67,977 for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was attributable to the acquisition of new
property and equipment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
cash used in investing activities was S$21,884 (US$16,088) for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was attributable to the acquisition
of new property and equipment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Net
cash generated from financing activities</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Net cash generated from financing
activities was S$1,678,502 for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily consisting of financial assistance from our shareholder, Cuprina
Holding Pte. Ltd. of S$1,697,959 for our working capital need, partially offset by repayment of bank borrowing of S$19,457.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
cash generated from financing activities was S$433,075 for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily consisting of financial assistance
from our shareholder, Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd., and certain ultimate beneficial owners, partially offset by repayment of bank borrowing
of S$20,574 and payments of deferred offering costs of S$647,796.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
cash generated from financing activities was S$1,340,977 (US$985,795) for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily consisting of
financial assistance from certain individual shareholders and ultimate beneficial owners, as well as drawdown of a bank loan amounted
to S$200,000 (US$147,026), partially offset by repayment of bank borrowings of S$23,572 (US$17,329) and payments of deferred offering costs of S$423,787 (US$311,539).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Accounts
receivable, net</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
net accounts receivables are non-interest bearing and are generally on 30 days credit terms. Net accounts receivable mainly represent
amounts due from customers that meet the revenue recognition criteria. These accounts receivables are recorded net of any allowance for
credit losses and specific customer credit allowances. We maintain an allowance for estimated credit losses inherent in our accounts
receivable portfolio. In establishing the required allowance, our management considers historical losses adjusted to take into account
current market conditions and our customers&#8217; financial condition, the receivable amount in dispute, and the current receivables
aging and current payment patterns, over the contractual life of the receivable. We write off the receivable when it is determined to
be uncollectible.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
net accounts receivable decreased from S$50,819 as of December 31, 2023 to S$26,389 (US$19,399) as of December 31, 2024. The decrease
was primarily attributable to the completion of change in the billing procedure of public hospitals in Singapore, requiring invoices
to be sent to both the relevant hospital department for billing and the relevant hospital department for authentication. This procedural
change resulted in delayed settlement of certain accounts receivable arising from the sale of our MEDIFLY products in the previous periods.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of March 31, 2025, S$18,774 (US$13,801) or 71.1% of our net accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024 had been subsequently received.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2023 and 2024, we made 49,147 and S$49,147 (US$36,130) of allowance for current expected credit loss for our gross accounts receivable,
respectively. The significant allowance for current expected credit loss for our gross accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024 was due to certain
accounts receivable with long aging periods in connection with our sales of MEDIFLY products to public hospitals in Singapore as explained
above.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Deferred
Costs</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
deferred costs primarily consist of deferred contractual costs in relation to the industry research collaboration agreement with NTU
and the listing expenses in relation to our initial public offering.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
deferred costs increased from S$1,023,445 as of December 31, 2023 to S$1,272,202 (US$935,236) as of December 31, 2024. The increase was
primarily attributable to the increase in listing expenses in relation to our initial public offering from S$890,083 as of December 31,
2023 to S$1,138,839 (US$837,197) as of December 31, 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Other
current assets</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
other current assets primarily consist of prepayments, deposits and other current assets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
other current assets decreased from S$156,791 as of December 31, 2023 to S$146,152 (US$107,442) as of December 31, 2024. The decrease
was attributable to the repayment of student loan from an employee amounting to S$17,500 during the period.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Accruals
and other payables</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
accruals and other payables decreased from S$375,439 as of December 31, 2023 to S$323,971 (US$238,161) as of December 31, 2024. The decrease
was attributable to the settlement of payables, primarily relating to the payable to a professional party amounting to S$37,430 (US$27,516),
for professional services in relation to our initial public offering, during the period.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Impact
of Inflation</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">According
to the Monetary Authority of Singapore, the core inflation rate in Singapore averaged 4.2% in 2023 and 2.7% in 2024. Based on the recent
publication from the Monetary Authority of Singapore on January 24, 2025, the core inflation rate in Singapore is projected to average
1.0% - 2.0% in 2025. As of the date of this annual report, inflation in Singapore has not materially affected our profitability and operating
results. However, we can provide no assurance that we will not be affected by such inflationary pressures in Singapore or globally in
the future. In the event that the inflationary pressures continue to increase to any material extent, we may pass along increased costs
to our customers, which could result in loss of sales and loss of customers, and adversely impact our margins and results of operations.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Material
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
cash requirements consist primarily of day-to-day operating expenses, capital expenditures and contractual obligations with respect to
facility leases and other operating leases. We lease all our office facilities. We expect to make future payments on existing leases
from cash generated from operations. We have limited credit available from our major vendors and are required to prepay the majority
of our inventory purchases, which further constraints our cash liquidity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
had the following contractual obligations and lease commitments as of December 31, 2024:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Contractual
    Obligations</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less
    than 1 year</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2-5
    years</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accruals
    and other payables</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">323,971</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">323,971</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
    lease commitment</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35,812</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Bank
    loan repayment</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">218,978</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">55,250</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">163,728</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amount
    due to related parties</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5,625,996</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5,625,996</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    obligations</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,168,945</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,041,029</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">163,728</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We believe that we have sufficient working
capital for our requirements for at least the next 12 months from the date of this annual report, absent unforeseen circumstances, taking
into account the financial resources presently available to us, including cash and cash equivalents on hand, cash flows from our operations
and the net proceeds from the IPO completed on April 11, 2025 and the completion of the IPO&#8217;s over-allotment option on May 8, 2025</span><span style="font-size: 8pt"></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">.</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Bank
Indebtedness</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31,</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Bank
    Borrowings</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Terms
    of repayment</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">DBS
    Bank</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">60
                                            months</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">42,550</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">22,900</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">DBS
    Bank</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">60
                                            months</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">196,078</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2023, bank borrowing was obtained from a financial institution in Singapore, which bear annual interest at a fixed rate
at 2.5% and are repayable in 60 instalments, which expire in January 2026.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, bank borrowings were obtained from a financial institution in Singapore, both repayable in 60 instalments, which
bear annual interest at a fixed rate at 2.5% and 8.0%, and expire in January 2026 and November 2029, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Commitments
and Contingencies</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the normal course of business, we are subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and claims arising out of the business that
relate to a wide range of matters, such as government investigations and tax matters. We recognize a liability for such contingency if
it determines it is probable that a loss will occur and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. We may consider many factors in
making these assessments including historical and the specific facts and circumstances of each matter.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Capital
Expenditures</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
made capital expenditures of S$67,977 and S$21,884 (US$16,088) for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. In these
periods, our capital expenditures were mainly used for the purchase of plant and equipment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
plan to fund our future capital expenditures with our existing cash balance and proceeds from the offering. We will continue to make
capital expenditures to meet the expected growth of our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Capital
Commitments</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2023 and 2024, we did not have any capital commitments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>C.
Research and development, patents and licenses</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
&#8220;&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Research and Development&#8221;, &#8220;&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212; Intellectual Property&#8221;,
&#8220;&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Internet Domain Names&#8221;, and &#8220;&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212; Licenses, Permits,
Registrations and Approvals.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>D.
Trend information</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events that
are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net revenues, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause
reported financial information not necessarily to be indicative of future operating results or financial condition or results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>E.
Critical Accounting Estimates</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with US GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements
requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related
disclosures. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for additional information on our
significant accounting estimates and policies.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify">We base our estimates
on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results
could differ significantly from the estimates and judgements made by our management. As at December 31, 2024, the Company did not
make any critical judgement in the process of applying the Company&#8217;s accounting policies that have a critical effect on the
amount recognized in the financial statements. The Company also did not make any key assumptions concerning the future, and other
key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a critical risk of causing a material adjustment to the
carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_001"></span>ITEM
6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>A.
Directors and senior management.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Set
forth below is information concerning our directors, director appointees, and executive officers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 28%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Age</b>&#160;
    </span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 59%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Position</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David
    Quek Yong Qi</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Baptista
    Carl Marc</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">49</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Teo
    Peng Kwang</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">65</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-Executive
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jimmy
    Lee Peng Siew</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">69</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-Executive
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chan
    Tat Jing</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Financial Officer</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Koh
    Pee Keat</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">69</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ivan
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">45</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent
    Director </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Natasha
    Kaur Raina</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">50</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent
    Director</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
business and working experience and areas of responsibility of our Directors and Executive Officers are set out below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Mr.
David Quek Yong Qi</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Quek, is our director and CEO. Mr. Quek joined Cuprina Pte. Ltd., our operating subsidiary in Singapore, in September 2021. Mr. Quek
is primarily responsible for overseeing our daily operations driving our strategic goals.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
2018 to 2019, Mr. Quek held the position of brand manager at ABR Holdings, a Singapore company listed on the Singapore Exchange, or SGX.
In this role, he was responsible for executing marketing campaigns across various brands. Subsequently, from 2020 to 2021, he served
as the business development director at OEL Holdings, another Singapore company listed on the SGX and is in the medical devices industry.
During his tenure at OEL Holdings, Mr. Quek was responsible for expanding the medical device portfolio, managing strategic partnerships
and overseeing medical device sales. Mr. Quek obtained his Bachelor of Commerce from the University of Western Australia in 2017.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Mr.
Baptista Carl Marc</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Baptista is the founder of our Group and serves as our CTO. He leads all technical aspects of our Group, overseeing matters related to
product ideation, regulatory affairs, clinical affairs, and communications. Additionally, he is responsible for formulating business
strategies and driving the growth of our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
1999 to 2015, Mr. Baptista held various roles, including technical director and managing director, at Origin Holdings, a Singapore-based
company operating in the environmental services industry. From 2016 to 2018, he served as a biotechnologist at Brandenburg UK Limited,
a United Kingdom-based manufacturing company specializing in products for monitoring pests in structures. During his tenure at Brandenburg
UK Limited, his research on insect phototaxis contributed to the successful filing of three international patents, with Mr. Baptista
being listed as a named inventor.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Baptista obtained his Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry from King&#8217;s College London in 1998.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Mr.
Teo Peng Kwang</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Teo Peng Kwang, or Mr. Teo, is our non-executive director. Mr. Teo has over 30 years of development and management experience in the
property and workers accommodation business. He currently serves as an executive director at Centurion Corporation Limited, a Singapore
company listed on the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited. He was the vice president of the Dormitory Association of Singapore
Limited from July 2015 to July 2021 and previously was the president of the same association from October 2012 to June 2015. He also
served as an independent trustee of the board of trustees for the Migrant Workers&#8217; Assistance Fund from November 2014 to July 2020.
Mr. Teo served as a director of Maxi Global Management Pte Ltd, a company which then provided housing services for foreign workers, from
March 2009 to April 2011. He was also a director of Maxfresh Leisure Pte Ltd, a company principally engaged in the rental services of
fishing boats, from August 2010 to April 2011. Mr. Teo was also a director of Intertrade (S) Enterprise Pte. Ltd., a company principally
engaged in chemical trading, from January 2006 to July 2007.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Teo has owned and managed various businesses in Singapore including a real estate and construction business. Mr. Teo was a director of
ISO Industry Pte. Ltd. from March 2006 to February 2011, and Maxi Consultancy Pte. Limited from December 2008 to January 2010. Mr. Teo
was also a director at Pointbuilt Pte. Limited from May 2008 to February 2011, Serangoon Garden Staff Apartment Pte. Ltd. from March
2009 to August 2011 and Swissplan Dormitory Management Pte. Ltd. from September 2007 to April 2011.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Teo completed his primary school education in 1972 at River Valley Primary School in Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Mr.
Jimmy Lee Peng Siew</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Jimmy Lee Peng Siew, or Mr. Lee, is our non-executive director. Mr. Lee has over 43 years of experience in architecture. He currently
serves as a director at Wenul HL Pte. Ltd., a Singapore company principally engaged in the business of real estate development. He also
serves as a director at Material Resources Solution Pte. Ltd., a Singapore company principally engaged in the business of recycling.
From 1988 to 2022, he served various roles, and eventually ascending to the position of managing and senior partner at Architects Associates,
a firm offering architectural services in Singapore. In addition, Mr. Lee has established himself in the agriculture and aquaculture
industries through ownership and involvement in related businesses.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Lee completed his Bachelor&#8217;s Degree in Architecture from National University of Singapore in 1981.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Mr.
Chan Tat Jing</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Chan Tat Jing, or Mr. Chan, is the Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Mr. Chan joined Cuprina Pte. Ltd., our operating subsidiary
in Singapore, in February 2022 and is primarily responsible for overseeing the financial functions, tax and corporate secretarial matters
of our Group.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Chan has approximately 10 years of experience in accounting and finance. From 2013 to 2019, he worked various roles including manager,
assistant manager, audit supervisor and audit senior at Ernst &amp; Young in Singapore and Malaysia. From 2019 to May 2021, he held the
position of audit manager at PKF-CAP LLP, a member firm of the PKF International Limited network. From June 2021 to December 2021, he
served as a finance manager at OEL Holdings.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Chan obtained his chartered certified accountant qualification and certified accounting technician qualification from the Association
of Chartered Certified Accountants and Certificated Accounting Technician in June 2013 and June 2011, respectively. Mr. Chan obtained
his Bachelor of Science in applied accounting from Oxford Brookes University in June 2012.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Mr.
Koh Pee Keat</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Koh Pee Keat, or Mr. Koh, has been an independent director of the Company since September 30, 2024. Mr. Koh is the chairman of the audit
committee and a member of the nomination committee and compensation committee.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Koh has over 17 years of banking experience in DBS Bank, Singapore in the area of trade finance, international banking, individual banking,
and enterprise banking and served in various positions from 1982 to 2000. In particular, from 1992 to 1994, he served as the deputy general
manager in DBS New York Agency. He joined Luzhou Bio-Chem Technology Limited, a company based in the PRC and listed on the SGX in 2008
as its director of finance and has been serving as its chief financial officer since 2019. From 2000 to 2002, he served as the senior
vice president of Bexcom Pte. Ltd., an e-commerce software provider in Singapore, overseeing its operation, finance, and legal matters.
From 2003 to 2007, he served as the senior vice president and chief financial officer of Westcomb Financial Group Limited, a company
based in Singapore and listed on the SGX.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Koh obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in Accounting and Financial Management from the University of Sheffield in 1982.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Mr.
Ivan Ng</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Ivan Ng, or Mr. Ng, has been an independent director of the Company since September 30, 2024. Mr. Ng is the chairman of the compensation
committee and a member of the nomination committee and the audit committee.</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Ng has over 15 years of experience in managing companies in the fast-moving consumer goods industry. From July 2004 to June 2012, he
served as the APAC business development director at Procter &amp; Gamble, responsible for developing markets and overseeing marketing
and sales operations in the Asia-Pacific region. From July 2012 to July 2013, he served as the APAC commercial leader at Unilever, responsible
for expanding business in the Asia-Pacific region. From July 2015 to July 2019, he served as the APAC business unit general manager at
Johnson &amp; Johnson responsible for overseeing the financial performance with the APAC business unit. In addition, Mr. Ng owns and
manages various businesses in Singapore. He owns and has been serving as a director of NGarde Venture Pte. Ltd., a Singapore company
in the business of private investments since February 2021, Tivarian Industries Pte. Ltd., a Singapore company in the business of smart
city solutions since January 2020 and RaglanArk Merchantry Pte. Ltd. since February 2022.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Ng obtained a Graduate Diploma of Board Directorship from Singapore Management University in 2023. He obtained an Executive Master&#8217;s
Degree of International Negotiation and Policy-Making from the Geneva Graduate Institute in 2018. In addition, he obtained a Bachelor
of Engineering degree in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Nanyang Technological University in 2004.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Ms.
Natasha Kaur Raina</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ms.
Natasha Kaur Raina, or Ms. Raina, has been an independent director of the Company since September 30, 2024. Ms. Raina is the chairman
of the nomination committee and a member of the compensation committee and audit committee.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ms.
Raina has over 25 years of experience working in research universities, hospitals, and private companies, serving various capacities
and roles. From January 2018 to December 2023, she served as the deputy director of legal and head of research contracts at the Nanyang
Technological University and then director of legal and head of contract and industry engagement at the Duke-NUS Medical School of the
National University of Singapore, respectively. In both roles, she was primarily responsible for managing a team that worked on negotiating
academic and commercial contracts and she led the legal review and approval process in both organizations to streamline research and
commercialization of intellectual properties. From October 2014 to December 2017, she served as a legal manager for a clinical trial
company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, Quintiles (now IQVIA), and was responsible for leading the APAC teams in contract drafting
and negotiation for sponsor contracts as well as site contracts. From 2000 to 2014, Ms. Raina held various roles related to research
and development as well as associated legal review and contracts review within the Agency for Science and Technology Research (ASTAR)
in Singapore as well as Monash University in Australia and the University of Malaya in Malaysia. Prior to 2000, Ms. Raina has also worked
and led the administrative and research functions at hospitals such as Tan Tock Seng Hospital and the National University Hospital in
Singapore, and the Specialist Women&#8217;s Hospital in Malaysia.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ms.
Raina obtained an LLB (Hons) degree with a major in Intellectual Property Law, Commercial Law, and Contract Law from Queen Mary and Westfield
College, University of London in 2012. In 1999, she obtained her Master&#8217;s Degree in Clinical Embryology from the National University
of Singapore. In addition, she obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Genetics and Microbiology from Queen Mary and Westfield College,
University of London in 1997.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Family
Relationships</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
are no family relationships among our directors and executive officers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>B.
Compensation.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
so long as we qualify as a foreign private issuer, we are not required to comply with the proxy rules applicable to U.S. domestic companies,
including the requirement applicable to emerging growth companies to disclose the compensation of our executive officers on an individual,
rather than an aggregate basis. For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, we paid an aggregate of approximately S$289,128 and
S$328,800, respectively, in cash to our directors and executive officers as a group. We have not set aside any amount to provide pension,
retirement or other similar benefits to our executive officers and directors. We have also not made any agreements with our directors
or executive officers to provide benefits upon termination of employment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
PRC subsidiary, Cuprina (Beijing) Biotechnology Co. Ltd., is required by law to make contributions equal to certain percentage of each
employee&#8217;s salary for his or her pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and other statutory benefits and
housing provident fund.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Equity
Compensation Plan Information</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have not adopted any equity compensation plans.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>C.
Board Practices.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Board of Directors consists of five Directors. A director is not required to hold any shares in our Company to qualify to serve as a
director. The Corporate Governance Rules of the Nasdaq generally require that a majority of an issuer&#8217;s board of directors must
consist of independent directors. Our Board of Directors has determined that each of Gu Zhaoyang, Yan Jonathan Jun, and Shin Ho Chuen
is an &#8220;independent director&#8221; as defined under the Nasdaq rules. Our Board of Directors is composed of a majority of independent
Directors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Committees
of the Board of Directors</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have established an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee under our Board of
Directors. We adopted a charter for each of the three committees. Each committee&#8217;s members and functions are described below. A
copy of each of our committee charters is posted on our corporate investor relations website at https://www.cuprina.com.sg.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Audit
Committee</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Koh, Mr. Ng and Ms. Raina are serving on the audit committee, which is chaired by Mr. Koh. Our board of directors has determined that
each is &#8220;independent&#8221; for audit committee purposes as that term is defined by the rules of the SEC and the Nasdaq, and that
each has sufficient knowledge in financial and auditing matters to serve on the audit committee. Our board of directors has designated
Mr. Koh as an &#8220;audit committee financial expert,&#8221; as defined under the applicable rules of the SEC. The audit committee&#8217;s
responsibilities include:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">appointing,
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">pre-approving
    auditing and permissible non-audit services, and the terms of such services, to be provided by our independent registered public
    accounting firm;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reviewing
    the overall audit plan with our independent registered public accounting firm and members of management responsible for preparing
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">coordinating
    the oversight and reviewing the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">establishing
    policies and procedures for the receipt and retention of accounting-related complaints and concerns; recommending, based upon the
    audit committee&#8217;s review and discussions with management and our independent registered public accounting firm, whether our
    audited financial statements shall be included in our Annual Report on Form 20-F;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">monitoring
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    statements and accounting matters;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reviewing
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reviewing
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Compensation
Committee</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Koh, Mr. Ng and Ms. Raina are serving on the compensation committee, which is chaired by Mr. Ng. The compensation committee&#8217;s responsibilities
include:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">evaluating
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reviewing
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reviewing
    and establishing our overall management compensation, philosophy and policy;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">overseeing
    and administering our compensation and similar plans;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reviewing
    and approving the retention or termination of any consulting firm or outside advisor to assist in the evaluation of compensation
    matters and evaluating and assessing potential and current compensation advisors in accordance with the independence standards identified
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">preparing
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Nomination
Committee</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Koh, Mr. Ng and Ms. Raina are serving on the nomination committee, which is chaired by Ms. Raina. The nomination committee&#8217;s responsibilities
include:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">developing
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">establishing
    procedures for identifying and evaluating board of directors candidates, including nominees recommended by shareholders; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reviewing
    the composition of the board of directors to ensure that it is composed of members containing the appropriate skills and expertise
    to advise us.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">While
we do not have a formal policy regarding board diversity, our nomination committee and board of directors will consider a broad range
of factors relating to the qualifications and background of nominees, which may include diversity (not limited to race, gender or national
origin). Our nomination committee&#8217;s and board of directors&#8217; priority in selecting board members is identification of persons
who will further the interests of our shareholders through their established record of professional accomplishment, the ability to contribute
positively to the collaborative culture among board members, knowledge of our business, understanding of the competitive landscape and
professional and personal experience and expertise relevant to our growth strategy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Code
of Business Conduct and Ethics</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal
accounting officer and controller, or persons performing similar functions. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available at our
corporate website at https://www.cuprina.com.sg.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Duties
of Directors</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
Cayman Islands law, our directors owe fiduciary duties to our Company, including a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view
to our best interests. Our directors must also exercise their powers only for a proper purpose. Our directors also have a duty to exercise
the care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty
of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time
to time. In certain limited exceptional circumstances, our Company has the right to seek damages against any director who breaches a
duty owed to us.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
board of directors has all the powers necessary for managing, and for directing and supervising, our business affairs. The functions
and powers of our board of directors include, among others:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">convening
    shareholders&#8217; annual general meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">declaring
    dividends and distributions;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">appointing
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">exercising
    the borrowing powers of our company and mortgaging the property of our company; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">approving
    the registering of such transfer of shares in our share register.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Terms
of Directors and Officers</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
directors are not subject to a term of office and hold office until such time as they are removed from office by ordinary resolution
or the unanimous written resolution of all shareholders.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of our board of directors, and may be removed by our board of directors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Employment
Agreements with Executive Officers</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers for a specified time period providing that the agreements
are terminable for cause at any time. The terms of these agreements are substantially similar to each other. A senior executive officer
may terminate his or her employment at any time by 30-day prior written notice. We may terminate the executive officer&#8217;s employment
for cause, at any time, without advance notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the executive officer, such as conviction or plea
of guilty to a felony or any crime involving moral turpitude, negligent or dishonest acts to our detriment, or misconduct or a failure
to perform agreed duties.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
executive officer has agreed to hold in strict confidence and not to use, except for the benefit of our company, any proprietary information,
technical data, trade secrets and know-how of our company or the confidential or proprietary information of any third party, including
our subsidiaries and our clients, received by our company. Each of these executive officers has also agreed to be bound by noncompetition
and non-solicitation restrictions during the term of his or her employment and typically for two years following the last date of employment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
expect to enter into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers, pursuant to which we will agree to indemnify
our directors and executive officers against certain liabilities and expenses incurred by such persons in connection with claims made
by reason of their being such a director or officer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Clawback
Policy</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
board of directors have adopted a clawback policy (the &#8220;Clawback Policy&#8221;) permitting the Company to seek the recoupment of
incentive compensation received by any of the Company&#8217;s current and former executive officers (as determined by the board in accordance
with Section 10D of the Exchange Act) and such other senior executives/employees who may from time to time be deemed subject to the Clawback
Policy by the board (collectively, the &#8220;Covered Executives&#8221;). The amount to be recovered will be the excess of the incentive
compensation paid to the Covered Executive based on the erroneous data over the incentive compensation that would have been paid to the
Covered Executive had it been based on the restated results, as determined by the board. If the board cannot determine the amount of
excess incentive compensation received by the Covered Executive directly from the information in the accounting restatement, then it
will make its determination based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the accounting restatement. For the year ended December 31,
2024, we have not sought any recoupment of incentive compensation of the Covered Executives.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Involvement
in Certain Legal Proceedings</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
the best of our knowledge, none of our directors or executive officers has, during the past 10 years, been involved in any legal proceedings
described in subparagraph (f) of Item 401 of Regulation S-K.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>D.
Employees.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
&#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;B. Business Overview&#8212;Employees.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>E.
Share Ownership.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our Shares as of the date of this Annual Report by our officers,
directors, and 5% or greater beneficial owners of Shares. There is no other person or group of affiliated persons known by us to beneficially
own more than 5% of our Shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC. These rules generally attribute beneficial ownership of
securities to persons who possess sole or shared voting power or investment power with respect to those securities. The person is also
deemed to be a beneficial owner of any security of which that person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days. Unless
otherwise indicated, the person identified in this table has sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially
owned by him, subject to applicable community property laws.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Ordinary
                                            Shares</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Beneficially
                                            Owned</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            A</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Ordinary</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Shares</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            B</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Ordinary</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Shares</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Directors
    and Executive Officers*:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Mr.
    Baptista</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Mr.
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
    Teo<sup>(2)</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">27.1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">39.3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
    Lee<sup>(3)</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">24.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">34.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Mr.
    Koh</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Mr.
    Ng</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Ms.
    Raina</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">All
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">65.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">95.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Principal
    Shareholder:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
    Holding Pte. Ltd.<sup>(4)</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">14,085,000</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">65.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">95.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*
    </span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
    as otherwise indicated below, the business address of our director and executive officers is c/o Blk 1090 Lower Delta Road #06-08
    Singapore 169201.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">**</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
    each person and group included in this column, percentage ownership is calculated by dividing the number of shares beneficially owned
    by such person or group by the sum of the total number of shares outstanding. The total number of ordinary shares outstanding as
    of the date of this Annual Report is 21,000,000. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">****</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
    each person and group included in this column, percentage of voting power is calculated by dividing the voting power beneficially
    owned by such person or group by the voting power of all of our Class A and Class B Ordinary Shares as a single class. Each holder
    of Class B Ordinary Shares is entitled to ten votes per share, subject to certain conditions, and each holder of our Class A Ordinary
    Shares is entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to them for a vote. Our Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary
    Shares vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders, except as may otherwise be required
    by law. Our Class B Ordinary Shares are convertible at any time by the holder thereof into Class A Ordinary Shares on a one-for-one
    basis.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
    Quek owns 22.2% of Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd. As such, Mr. Quek is deemed to beneficially own 14.6% of our Company through Cuprina
    Holding Pte. Ltd.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
    Teo owns 41.3% of Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd. As such, Mr. Teo Peng Kwang is deemed to beneficially own 27.1% of our Company through
    Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
    Lee owns 36.5% of Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd. As such, Mr. Jimmy Lee Peng Siew is deemed to beneficially own 24.0% of our Company through
    Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
    Holding Pte. Ltd. owns 14,085,000 Class B Ordinary Shares directly of the outstanding shares of our Company. </span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>F.
Disclosure of a registrant&#8217;s action to recover erroneously awarded compensation.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_002"></span>ITEM
7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>A.
Major Shareholders</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Please
refer to &#8220;Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees &#8212; E. Share Ownership.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>B.
Related Party Transactions.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to the employment agreements, indemnification agreements and the securities issuances, we describe below the related party transactions
of our Company that occurred during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024 and subsequent periods.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Amount
due from related parties by our Company</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name
    of related</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Nature
    of</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31,</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">parties</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Relationship</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">transactions</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cuprina
    Pollination Pte. Ltd.</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">A
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 18%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">96,971</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">14,521</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10,675</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pestoniks
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">A
    related company of the Company</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
    working capital purposes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">61,170</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">61,170</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">44,968</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cuprina
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">An
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
    working capital purposes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">14,469</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10,637</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">605</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rachel
    Lee Lin<sup>(2)</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shareholder</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shares
    subscription in Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">605</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">605</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">445</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dorea
    Quek En Qi<sup>(3)</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shareholder</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shares
    subscription in Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">605</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">605</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">445</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">De
    Guzman Caroline Francesca Lee Ling</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shareholder</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shares
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">605</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">605</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">445</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">iCapital
    Holdings (SG) Pte. Ltd.</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">505</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">505</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">371</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)
Mr. Bryan Teo Yingjie is one of our employees and the son of one of our directors and principal shareholders, Mr. Teo.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)
Ms. Rachel Lee Lin is one of our employees and the daughter of one of our directors and principal shareholders, Mr. Lee.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)
Ms. Dorea Quek En Qi is one of our employees and the sister of the chief executive officer and one of our directors and principal shareholders,
Mr. Quek.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
amounts due from the related parties listed above are interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Amount
due to related parties by our Company</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            of December 31,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">parties</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">transactions</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cuprina
    Holding Pte. Ltd.</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shareholder</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 18%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
    working capital purposes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,931,765</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,931,765</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,155,234</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Jimmy
    Lee Peng Siew</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">A
    beneficial owner of the Company</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
    working capital purposes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">986,860</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,451,629</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,067,139</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">David
    Quek Yong Qi</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">A
    beneficial owner of the Company</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
    working capital purposes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">18,596</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">237,618</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">174,681</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Bryan
    Teo Yingjie</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shareholder</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
    working capital purposes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">7,997</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">105,979</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">77,909</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Rachel
    Lee Lin</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shareholder</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
    working capital purposes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10,476</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">67,654</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">49,735</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cuprina
    Farm Sdn. Bhd</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">A
    related company of the Company</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Over-settlement
    for the receivable balance due from Cuprina Farm Sdn. Bhd.</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4,134</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4,134</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,039</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cuprina
    MENA Co., Ltd</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">An
    associate of the Company</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Outstanding
    share subscription in Cuprina MENA Co., Ltd and outstanding sharing of working capital</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">25,898</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Dorea
    Quek En Qi</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shareholder</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
    working capital purposes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,395</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4,701</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Teo
    Peng Kwang</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">A
    beneficial owner of the Company</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
    working capital purposes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">620,822</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">456,386</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Ng
    Bee Poh</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">An
    immediate family member of a beneficial owner of the Company</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
    working capital purposes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">200,000</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">147,026</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
amounts due to the related parties listed above are interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Policies
and Procedures for Related Party Transactions</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
board of directors has created an audit committee in connection with the IPO which will be tasked with review and approval of all related
party transactions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>C.
Interests of Experts and Counsel</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_003"></span>ITEM
8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>A.
Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
&#8220;Item 18. Financial Statements&#8221; for our audited consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Legal
Proceedings</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
time to time, we may become a party to various legal or administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business, including
actions such as those relating to breach of contract and labor and employment claims.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are currently not a party to, and we are not aware of any threat of, any legal or administrative proceedings that, in the opinion of
our management, are likely to have any material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash-flow or results of operations.
We may periodically be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims relating to our business. We may also initiate legal proceedings
to protect our rights and interests.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Dividend
Policy</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have not previously declared, or paid cash dividends and we have no intention to declare or pay any dividends in the near future on our
Class A Ordinary Shares. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and
expand our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
board of directors has complete discretion in deciding whether to distribute dividends. Even if our board of directors decides to pay
dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations
and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial
condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. All dividends are subject to certain
restrictions under Cayman Islands law, namely that our Company may only pay dividends out of profits or share premium, and provided always
that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our Company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in
the ordinary course of business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
are no foreign exchange controls or foreign exchange regulations under current applicable laws of the various places of incorporation
of our significant subsidiaries that would affect the payment or remittance of dividends.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>B.
Significant Changes.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
as disclosed elsewhere in this Annual Report, we have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our audited consolidated
financial statements included in this Annual Report.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_004"></span>ITEM
9. THE OFFER AND LISTING</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>A.
Offer and Listing Details.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Ordinary Shares have been listed on the Nasdaq Capital Markets since April 10, 2025 under the symbol &#8220;CUPR.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>B.
Plan of Distribution.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>C.
Markets.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Ordinary Shares have been listed on the Nasdaq Capital Markets since April 10, 2025 under the symbol &#8220;CUPR.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>D.
Selling Shareholders.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>E.
Dilution.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>F.
Expenses of the Issue.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_005"></span>ITEM
10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>A.
Share Capital.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
Application.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>B.
Memorandum and Articles of Association.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
incorporate by reference into this Annual Report the description of our Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Registrant, as
currently in effect, Exhibit 3.1, and the description of differences in corporate laws contained in our registration statement on Form
F-1 (File No. 333-283643), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on December 6, 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>C.
Material Contracts.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in this Annual
Report.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>D.
Exchange controls.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
is no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in effect in the Cayman Islands.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>E.
Taxation.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following summary of the material Cayman Islands, Singapore and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in or ownership
of our shares is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this Annual Report, all of which are
subject to change. This summary does not deal with all possible tax consequences regarding investing investment in our shares, such as
the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Singapore
Taxation</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Dividend
Distributions</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>One
Tier Corporate Taxation System</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
from January 1, 2008, Singapore resident companies can issue one-tier tax exempt dividends. This means shareholders will not be taxed
on this dividend income. However, dividends received from shares in co-operatives are taxable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Withholding
Taxes</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Singapore
currently does not impose withholding tax on dividends.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Goods
and Services Tax</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Goods and Services Tax, or GST, in Singapore is a broad-based consumption tax that is levied on import of goods into Singapore, as well
as nearly all supplies of goods and services in Singapore at the prevailing rate of 9%.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Corporate
Tax</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
company is regarded as tax resident in Singapore if the control and management of its business is exercised in Singapore.</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
taxpayers who are Singapore tax residents are subject to Singapore income tax on income accruing in or derived from Singapore and, subject
to certain exceptions, on foreign-sourced income received or deemed to be received in Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">However,
foreign-sourced income in the form of dividends, branch profits and service income received or deemed to be received in Singapore by
Singapore tax resident companies on or after June 1, 2003 is exempt from tax if certain prescribed conditions are met, including the
following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">such
    income is subject to tax of a similar character to income tax under the law of the jurisdiction from which such income is received;
    and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">at
    the time the income is received in Singapore, the highest rate of tax of a similar character to income tax (by whatever name called)
    levied under the law of the territory from which the income is received on any gains or profits from any trade or business carried
    on by any company in that territory at that time is not less than 15%.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain
concessions and clarifications have also been announced by the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore with respect to such conditions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-resident
corporate taxpayers, with certain exceptions, are subject to Singapore income tax on income accruing in or derived from Singapore, and
on foreign-sourced income received or deemed to be received in Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
corporate tax rate in Singapore is currently 17%. In addition, three-quarters of up to the first S$10,000 of a company&#8217;s annual
normal chargeable income, and one-half of up to the next S$190,000, is exempt. The remaining chargeable income (after the tax exemption)
will be fully taxable at the prevailing corporate tax rate.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
companies will also, subject to certain conditions and exceptions, be eligible for tax exemption on three-quarters of up to the first
S$100,000 of a company&#8217;s annual normal chargeable income, and one-half of up to the next S$100,000, a year for each of the company&#8217;s
first three consecutive years of assessment, or YA from YA 2020 onwards. The remaining chargeable income (after the tax exemption) will
be taxed at the applicable corporate tax rate.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Material
United States Federal Income Tax Considerations</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a discussion of certain material United States federal income tax considerations relating to the acquisition, ownership,
and disposition of our Class A Ordinary Shares by a U.S. Holder, as defined below, that acquires our Class A Ordinary Shares in this
Annual report and holds our Class A Ordinary Shares as &#8220;capital assets&#8221; (generally, property held for investment) under the
United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on existing United States federal income
tax law, which is subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly with retroactive effect. No ruling has been sought from the
Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, with respect to any United States federal income tax consequences described below, and there can
be no assurance that the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position. This discussion does not address all aspects of United States
federal income taxation that may be important to particular investors in light of their individual circumstances, including investors
subject to special tax rules (such as, for example, certain financial institutions, insurance companies, regulated investment companies,
real estate investment trusts, broker-dealers, traders in securities that elect mark-to-market treatment, partnerships (or other entities
treated as partnerships for United States federal income tax purposes) and their partners, tax-exempt organizations (including private
foundations)), investors who are not U.S. Holders, investors that own (directly, indirectly, or constructively) 5% or more of our voting
shares, investors that hold their Class A Ordinary Shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated
transaction), or investors that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, all of whom may be subject to tax rules that differ
significantly from those summarized below. In addition, this discussion does not address any tax laws other than the United States federal
income tax laws, including any state, local, alternative minimum tax or non-United States tax considerations, or the Medicare tax on
unearned income. Each potential investor is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the United States federal, state, local and non-United
States income and other tax considerations of an investment in our Class A Ordinary Shares.</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>General</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
purposes of this discussion, a &#8220;U.S. Holder&#8221; is a beneficial owner of our Class A Ordinary Shares that is, for United States
federal income tax purposes, (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation (or other entity
treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes) created in, or organized under the laws of, the United States
or any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (iii) an estate the income of which is includible in gross income for United States
federal income tax purposes regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust (A) the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision
of a United States court and which has one or more United States persons who have the authority to control all substantial decisions
of the trust or (B) that has otherwise elected to be treated as a United States person under the Code.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of our Class
A Ordinary Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of
the partnership. Partnerships and partners of a partnership holding our Class A Ordinary Shares are urged to consult their tax advisors
regarding an investment in our Class A Ordinary Shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
discussion set forth below is addressed only to U.S. Holders that purchase Class A Ordinary Shares in this Annual report. Prospective
purchasers are urged to consult their own tax advisors about the application of U.S. federal income tax law to their particular circumstances
as well as the state, local, foreign and other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our Class A Ordinary
Shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Taxation
of dividends and other distributions on our Class A Ordinary Shares</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subject
to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, distributions of cash or other property made by us to you with respect
to the Class A Ordinary Shares (including the amount of any taxes withheld therefrom) will generally be includable in your gross income
as dividend income on the date of receipt by you, but only to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated
earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). With respect to corporate U.S. Holders, the dividends
will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">With
respect to non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, dividends will be taxed at the lower capital gains rate applicable
to qualified dividend income, provided that (1) the Class A Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market
in the United States, or we are eligible for the benefits of an approved qualifying income tax treaty with the United States that includes
an exchange of information program, (2) we are not a passive foreign investment company (as discussed below) for either our taxable year
in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period requirements are met. You are urged to consult
your tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to our Class A Ordinary Shares, including
the effects of any change in law after the date of this Annual Report.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal
income tax principles), it will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis in your Class A Ordinary Shares, and to the extent
the amount of the distribution exceeds your tax basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain. We do not intend to calculate our earnings
and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, a U.S. Holder should expect that a distribution will be treated as a
dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described
above.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Taxation
of dispositions of Class A Ordinary Shares</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subject
to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, you will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange or other
taxable disposition of a share equal to the difference between the amount realized (in U.S. dollars) for the share and your tax basis
(in U.S. dollars) in the Class A Ordinary Shares. The gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. The gain or loss will generally be treated
as U.S.-source income or loss for foreign tax credit purposes. U.S. Holders that sell Class A Ordinary Shares for an amount denominated
in a non-U.S. currency should consult their tax advisers regarding the exchange rate at which the amount received should be translated
to U.S. dollars, and whether any U.S.-source foreign currency gain or loss may be required to be recognized as a result of the sale.
If you are a non-corporate U.S. Holder, including an individual U.S. Holder, who has held the Class A Ordinary Shares for more than one
year, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on any such capital gains. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Passive
foreign investment company</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
non-U.S. corporation is considered a Passive Foreign Investment Company, or PFIC, as defined in Section 1297(a) of the US Internal Revenue
Code, for any taxable year if either:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">at
    least 75% of its gross income for such taxable year is passive income; or</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">at
    least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable
    to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income (the &#8220;asset test&#8221;).</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Passive
income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of
a trade or business) and gains from the disposition of passive assets. We will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets
and earning our proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least 25% (by
value) of the stock. In determining the value and composition of our assets for purposes of the PFIC asset test, (1) the cash we raise
in our previous initial public offering will generally be considered to be held for the production of passive income and (2) the value
of our assets must be determined based on the market value of our Class A Ordinary Shares from time to time, which could cause the value
of our non-passive assets to be less than 50% of the value of all of our assets (including the cash raised in our previous initial public
offering) on any particular quarterly testing date for purposes of the asset test.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Whether
we are a PFIC with respect to any year depends on our operations and the composition of our assets during that year. Depending on the
amount of cash we raise in our previous initial public offering, together with any other assets held for the production of passive income,
it is possible that, for our current taxable year or for any subsequent taxable year, more than 50% of our assets may be assets held
for the production of passive income. In addition, because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test will generally be determined
based on the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares and because cash is generally considered to be an asset held for the production
of passive income, our PFIC status will depend in large part on the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares and the amount of cash
we raise in our previous initial public offering. Accordingly, fluctuations in the market price of the Class A Ordinary Shares may cause
us to become a PFIC. In addition, the application of the PFIC rules is subject to uncertainty in several respects and the composition
of our income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we spend the cash we raise in our previous initial public offering.
We are under no obligation to take steps to reduce the risk of our being classified as a PFIC, and as stated above, the value of our
assets will depend upon material facts (including the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares from time to time and the amount of
cash we raise in our previous initial public offering) that may not be within our control. If we are a PFIC for any year during which
you hold Class A Ordinary Shares, we will continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which you hold Class A Ordinary
Shares. If we cease to be a PFIC and you did not previously make a timely &#8220;mark-to-market&#8221; election as described below, however,
you may avoid some of the adverse effects of the PFIC regime by making a &#8220;purging election&#8221; (as described below) with respect
to the Class A Ordinary Shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we are a PFIC for your taxable year(s) during which you hold Class A Ordinary Shares, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect
to any &#8220;excess distribution&#8221; that you receive and any gain you realize from a sale or other disposition (including a pledge)
of the Class A Ordinary Shares, unless you make a &#8220;mark-to-market&#8221; election as discussed below. Distributions you receive
in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding
taxable years or your holding period for the Class A Ordinary Shares will be treated as an excess distribution. Under these special tax
rules:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the Class A Ordinary Shares;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    amount allocated to your current taxable year, and any amount allocated to any of your taxable year(s) prior to the first taxable
    year in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income, and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    amount allocated to each of your other taxable year(s) will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect for that year and the interest
    charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
tax liability for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of disposition or &#8220;excess distribution&#8221; cannot be offset by
any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the Class A Ordinary Shares s cannot be treated
as capital, even if you hold the Class A Ordinary Shares as capital assets. A U.S. Holder of &#8220;marketable stock&#8221; (as defined
below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election under Section 1296 of the US Internal Revenue Code for such stock to elect out of
the tax treatment discussed above. If you make a mark-to-market election for first taxable year which you hold (or are deemed to hold)
Class A Ordinary Shares and for which we are determined to be a PFIC, you will include in your income each year an amount equal to the
excess, if any, of the fair market value of the Class A Ordinary Shares as of the close of such taxable year over your adjusted basis
in such Class A Ordinary Shares, which excess will be treated as ordinary income and not capital gain. You are allowed an ordinary loss
for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the Class A Ordinary Shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable
year. Such ordinary loss, however, is allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the Class A Ordinary Shares included
in your income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual
sale or other disposition of the Class A Ordinary Shares, are treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment also applies to any
loss realized on the actual sale or disposition of the Class A Ordinary Shares, to the extent that the amount of such loss does not exceed
the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such Class A Ordinary Shares. Your basis in the Class A Ordinary Shares will be
adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. If you make a valid mark-to-market election, the tax rules that apply to distributions
by corporations which are not PFICs would apply to distributions by us, except that the lower applicable capital gains rate for qualified
dividend income discussed above under &#8220;<i>Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on our Class A Ordinary Shares&#8221;</i>
generally would not apply.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
mark-to-market election is available only for &#8220;marketable stock,&#8221; which is stock that is traded in other than de minimis
quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter (&#8220;regularly traded&#8221;) on a qualified exchange or other market
(as defined in applicable U.S. Treasury regulations), including the Nasdaq Capital Market. If the Class A Ordinary Shares are regularly
traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market and if you are a holder of Class A Ordinary Shares, the mark-to-market election would be available
to you were we to be or become a PFIC.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Alternatively,
a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may make a &#8220;qualified electing fund&#8221; election under Section 1295(b) of the US Internal Revenue
Code with respect to such PFIC to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. A U.S. Holder who makes a valid qualified electing
fund election with respect to a PFIC will generally include in gross income for a taxable year such holder&#8217;s pro rata share of
the corporation&#8217;s earnings and profits for the taxable year. The qualified electing fund election, however, is available only if
such PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits as required under applicable U.S. Treasury
regulations. We do not currently intend to prepare or provide the information that would enable you to make a qualified electing fund
election. If you hold Class A Ordinary Shares in any taxable year in which we are a PFIC, you will be required to file U.S. Internal
Revenue Service Form 8621 in each such year and provide certain annual information regarding such Class A Ordinary Shares, including
regarding distributions received on the Class A Ordinary Shares and any gain realized on the disposition of the Class A Ordinary Shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
you do not make a timely &#8220;mark-to-market&#8221; election (as described above), and if we were a PFIC at any time during the period
you hold our Class A Ordinary Shares, then such Class A Ordinary Shares will continue to be treated as stock of a PFIC with respect to
you even if we cease to be a PFIC in a future year, unless you make a &#8220;purging election&#8221; for the year we cease to be a PFIC.
A &#8220;purging election&#8221; creates a deemed sale of such Class A Ordinary Shares at their fair market value on the last day of
the last year in which we are treated as a PFIC. The gain recognized by the purging election will be subject to the special tax and interest
charge rules treating the gain as an excess distribution, as described above. As a result of the purging election, you will have a new
basis (equal to the fair market value of the Class A Ordinary Shares on the last day of the last year in which we are treated as a PFIC)
and holding period (which new holding period will begin the day after such last day) in your Class A Ordinary Shares for tax purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IRC
Section 1014(a) provides for a step-up in basis to the fair market value for our Class A Ordinary Shares when inherited from a decedent
that was previously a holder of our Class A Ordinary Shares. However, if we are determined to be a PFIC and a decedent that was a U.S.
Holder did not make either a timely qualified electing fund election for our first taxable year as a PFIC in which the U.S. Holder held
(or was deemed to hold) our Class A Ordinary Shares, or a mark-to-market election and ownership of those Class A Ordinary Shares are
inherited, a special provision in IRC Section 1291(e) provides that the new U.S. Holder&#8217;s basis should be reduced by an amount
equal to the Section 1014 basis minus the decedent&#8217;s adjusted basis just before death. As such if we are determined to be a PFIC
at any time prior to a decedent&#8217;s passing, the PFIC rules will cause any new U.S. Holder that inherits our Class A Ordinary Shares
from a U.S. Holder to not get a step-up in basis under Section 1014 and instead will receive a carryover basis in those Class A Ordinary
Shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">You
are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to your investment in our Class A Ordinary Shares
and the elections discussed above.</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Information
Reporting and Backup Withholding</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dividend
payments with respect to our Class A Ordinary Shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange or redemption of our Class A Ordinary Shares
may be subject to information reporting to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and possible U.S. backup withholding under Section 3406
of the US Internal Revenue Code with at a current flat rate of 24%. Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. Holder who
furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification on U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form W-9
or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status generally must provide
such certification on U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form W-9. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application
of the U.S. information reporting and backup withholding rules.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Backup
withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability,
and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund
with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and furnishing any required information. We do not intend to withhold taxes for individual shareholders.
Transactions effected through certain brokers or other intermediaries, however, may be subject to withholding taxes (including backup
withholding), and such brokers or intermediaries may be required by law to withhold such taxes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act of 2010, certain U.S. Holders are required to report information relating to our Class
A Ordinary Shares, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for Class A Ordinary Shares held in accounts maintained by certain
financial institutions), by attaching a complete Internal Revenue Service Form 8938, Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets,
with their tax return for each year in which they hold Class A Ordinary Shares. Failure to report such information could result in substantial
penalties. You should consult your own tax advisor regarding your obligation to file a Form 8938.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>THE
PRECEDING DISCUSSION OF U.S. FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY. IT IS NOT TAX ADVICE. EACH PROSPECTIVE
INVESTOR SHOULD CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE PARTICULAR U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND FOREIGN TAX CONSEQUENCES OF PURCHASING,
HOLDING AND DISPOSING OF OUR ORDINARY SHARES, INCLUDING THE CONSEQUENCES OF ANY PROPOSED CHANGE IN APPLICABLE LAWS.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>F.
Dividends and paying agents.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>G.
Statement by experts.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>H.
Documents on display.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have previously filed with the SEC our registration statements on Form F-1 (File No. 333-283643), as amended.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are subject to the periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act. Under the Exchange Act, we are required
to file reports and other information with the SEC. Specifically, we are required to file annually a Form 20-F within four months after
the end of each fiscal year. The SEC maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements,
and other information regarding registrants that make electronic filings with the SEC using its EDGAR system. As a foreign private issuer,
we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing, among other things, the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders,
and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions
contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>I.
Subsidiary Information</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
a listing of our subsidiaries, see &#8220;Item 4. Information on the Company&#8212;A. History and Development of the Company.&#8221;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_006"></span>ITEM
11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Credit
risk</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Credit
risk is the risk of loss that may arise on outstanding financial instruments should a counterparty default on its obligations. Our exposure
to credit risk arises primarily from accounts receivable and cash and bank balances. We manage our credit risk by dealing with high credit
rating counterparties.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
objective is to seek continual revenue growth while minimizing losses incurred due to increased credit risk exposure. We trade only with
recognized and creditworthy third parties and uses credit verification procedures for customers seeking to trade on credit terms. In
addition, receivable balances are monitored on an ongoing basis with the result that our exposure to bad debts is not significant in
relation to our turnover.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Interest
rate risk</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Interest
rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of our financial instruments will fluctuate because of changes in market
interest rates. Our exposure to interest rate risk arises primarily from the borrowings and lease liabilities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
manage interest rate risk exposure while obtaining sufficient funds for business expansion and working capital needs by regularly assessing
and monitoring our cash levels with reference to our business plans and day-to-day operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Liquidity
risk</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Liquidity
risk is the risk that we will encounter difficulty in meeting financial obligations due to shortage of funds.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
exposure to liquidity risk arises primarily from mismatches of the maturities of financial assets and liabilities. In the management
of the liquidity risk, we monitor and maintain a level of cash and bank balances deemed adequate by the management to finance our operations
and mitigate the effects of the fluctuations in cash flows.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Foreign
exchange risk</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign
currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in foreign
exchange rates. We have minimum foreign currency risk as our transactions are substantially transacted in Singapore Dollars.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_007"></span>ITEM
12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A.
<span style="text-decoration: underline">Debt Securities</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">B.
<span style="text-decoration: underline">Warrants and Rights</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">C.
<span style="text-decoration: underline">Other Securities</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">D.
<span style="text-decoration: underline">American Depositary Shares</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_008"></span>PART
II</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_009"></span>ITEM
13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have not had a default of any indebtedness, and there has not been any arrearage in the payment of dividends.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_010"></span>ITEM
14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>14.A.
&#8212; 14.D. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
&#8220;Item 10. Additional Information&#8221; for a description of the rights of shareholders, which remain unchanged.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><b>14.E.
Use of Proceeds</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following &#8220;Use of Proceeds&#8221; information relates to the registration statement on Form F-1, as amended (File Number
333-283643) for our initial public offering, which was declared effective by the SEC on March 31 2025. On April 11, 2025, we
completed our initial public offering in which we issued and sold an aggregate of 3,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares, at a price of
US$4.00 per share for a total net proceeds, after deducting discounts, expenses allowance and expenses, of approximately US$9.18
million. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt">On May 8, 2025, we closed the Over-Allotment Option of our IPO of 450,000 Class A
Ordinary Shares at a price of US$4.00 per share, pursuant to the full exercise of the Over-Allotment Option, resulting in additional
gross proceeds of approximately US$1.8 million. As a result, we raised aggregate net proceeds of US$10.85 million in the IPO,
including the exercise of the Over-Allotment Option, after deducting discounts, expenses allowance and expenses. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">R.
F. Lafferty was the representative of the underwriters of our initial public offering.</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
incurred approximately US$2.95 million in expenses in connection with our initial public offering, which included approximately
US$1.04 million in underwriting discounts, approximately US$0.13 million in expenses paid to or for underwriters, and approximately
US$1.78 million in other professional expenses. None of the transaction expenses included payments to directors or officers of our
Company or their associates, persons owning more than 10% or more of our equity securities, or our affiliates. None of the net
proceeds we received from the initial public offering were paid, directly or indirectly, to any of our directors or officers or
their associates, persons owning 10% or more of our equity securities, or our affiliates.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">We received net proceeds of approximately US$10.85 million after the deduction
of approximately US$2.95 million of offering costs. As of the date of this annual report, we have partially utilized the net proceeds
for (i) growth and expansion into new markets including South East Asia (excluding Singapore), Hong Kong, mainland China and the Middle
East; (ii) research and development activities to expand our product offerings; (iii) building brand awareness; (iv) investing in equipment
and infrastructure; (v) loan repayment to one of our ultimate beneficial shareholders, Jimmy Lee Peng Siew, who provided advances to us
for working capital purposes.; and (vi) other working capital and general corporate purposes.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_011"></span>ITEM
15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>a.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Annual Report on Form 20-F does not include a report of management&#8217;s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting
or an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the
SEC for newly public companies.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_012"></span>ITEM
16. [RESERVED]</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_013"></span>ITEM
16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Koh qualifies as an &#8220;audit committee financial expert&#8221;, and is independent for
the purposes of the Rule 5605(c)(2) of the NYSE American Company Guide and meets the independence standards under Rule 10A-3 under the
Exchange Act.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_014"></span>ITEM
16B. CODE OF ETHICS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees. The Code of Business Conduct
and Ethics is designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote ethical conduct and full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable reports
that the Company files or submits to the SEC and others. We have filed our code of business conduct and ethics as Exhibit 99.1 of our
registration statement on Form F-1 (file No. 333-283643) filed with the SEC on December 6, 2024 and posted a copy of our code of business
conduct and ethics on our website.</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_015"></span>ITEM
16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered
and billed by Kreit &amp; Chiu CPA LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm for the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Audit
    Fees<sup>(1)</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">213,059</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">270,205</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">198,636</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Audit-Related
    Fees</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">All
    Other Fees</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">-</p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">213,059</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">270,205</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">198,636</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)
Audit Fees. Audit fees mean the aggregate fees for each of the fiscal periods listed for professional services rendered by our principal
auditors for the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements and assistance with and review of documents filed with the SEC.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
policy of our audit committee is to pre-approve all professional services provided by Kreit &amp; Chiu CPA LLP including audit and non-audit
services. All of the services of Kreit &amp; Chiu CPA LLP for 2023 and 2024 described above were in accordance with the audit committee
pre-approval policy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_016"></span>ITEM
16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_017"></span>ITEM
16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_018"></span>ITEM
16F. CHANGES IN REGISTRANT&#8217;S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_019"></span>ITEM
16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
required.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_020"></span>ITEM
16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_021"></span>ITEM
16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTION THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_022"></span>Item
16J. INSIDER TRADING POLICIES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
board of directors <span id="xdx_900_eecd--InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_zyrv0YjUfOVa" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEluc2lkZXIgVHJhZGluZyBQb2xpY2llcyBhbmQgUHJvY2VkdXJlcwA_"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000054" name="ecd:InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag">adopted</ix:nonNumeric></span> insider trading policies and procedures governing the purchase, sale, and other dispositions of our securities
by directors, senior management, and employees that are reasonably designed to promote compliance with applicable insider trading laws,
rules, and regulations, and any listing standards applicable to us.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_023"></span>Item
16K. CYBERSECURITY</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_986_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesForAssessingIdentifyingAndManagingThreatsTextBlock_iB_c20240101__20241231_gBFCRMPFAIAMT-QZRPE_zXFZCgIWlLE" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" continuedAt="ConU000057-01" escape="true" id="Fact000057" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesForAssessingIdentifyingAndManagingThreatsTextBlock"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Risk
Management and Strategy</b></span></ix:nonNumeric></p>

<div id="xdx_C06_gBFCRMPFAIAMT-QZRPE_zQPoopHVqfz7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><ix:continuation continuedAt="ConU000057-02" id="ConU000057-01"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></span></p>

<div style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_907_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_zB4NjJvXsbo3" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000058" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedFlag">We
identify and assess material risks from cybersecurity threats to our information systems and the information residing in our information
systems by monitoring and evaluating our threat environment on an ongoing basis using various methods</ix:nonNumeric></span> including, for example, using manual
and automated tools, subscribing to reports and services that identify cybersecurity threats, analyzing reports of threats and threat
actors, conducting scans of the threat environment, and conducting risk assessments.</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
manage material risks from cybersecurity threats to <span id="xdx_906_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zN9wJebuKlcb" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000059" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedTextBlock">our information systems and the information residing in our information systems through
various processes and procedures, including, depending on the environment, risk assessment, incident detection and response, vulnerability
management, disaster recovery and business continuity plans, internal controls within our accounting and financial reporting functions,
encryption of data, network security controls, access controls, physical security, asset management, systems monitoring, and employee
training.</ix:nonNumeric></span> <span id="xdx_906_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_z9uQe7i1ooYf" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000060" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag">We engage third-party service providers to provide some of the resources used in our information systems and some third-party
service providers have access to information residing in our information systems. With respect to such third parties, we seek to engage
reliable, reputable service providers that maintain cybersecurity programs.</ix:nonNumeric></span> Depending on the nature and extent of the services provided,
the sensitivity and quantity of information processed, and the identity of the service provider, our processes may include conducting
due diligence on the cybersecurity practices of such provider and contractually imposing cybersecurity related obligations on the provider.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are not aware of any risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any cybersecurity incidents, which have materially affected
or are reasonably likely to materially affect our Group, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.
Refer to &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry &#8212; Security breaches
and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.&#8221;</span></p>

</div></ix:continuation></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span id="xdx_C00_gBFCRMPFAIAMT-QZRPE_zY5lgI8Lj79l"><ix:continuation id="ConU000057-02"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></span></ix:continuation></span></p>

<p id="xdx_98A_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskBoardOfDirectorsOversightTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_gBFCRBODOTB-XJTW_zNUiZBYWNwL4" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" continuedAt="ConU000064-01" escape="true" id="Fact000064" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskBoardOfDirectorsOversightTextBlock"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Cybersecurity
Governance</i></span></ix:nonNumeric></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span id="xdx_C0D_gBFCRBODOTB-XJTW_z1EcIX4wvmib"><ix:continuation continuedAt="ConU000064-02" id="ConU000064-01"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></ix:continuation></span></p>

<div id="xdx_C06_gBFCRBODOTB-XJTW_zx1FDq1t6C5g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><ix:continuation continuedAt="ConU000064-03" id="ConU000064-02"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_908_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zaBR5pzPdBz4" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000065" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock">Our
Board of Directors holds oversight responsibility over our Group&#8217;s risk management and strategy, including material risks related
to cybersecurity threats.</ix:nonNumeric></span> This oversight is executed directly by our board of directors and through its committees. Our audit committee
oversees the management of our Group&#8217;s major financial risk exposures, the steps management has taken to monitor and control such
exposures, and the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken and handled, which would include cybersecurity risks,
in accordance with its charter. <span id="xdx_904_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskProcessForInformingBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zTTCiCBPbbU" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000066" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskProcessForInformingBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock">The audit committee holds regular meetings and receives periodic reports from management regarding risk
management, including major financial risk exposures from cybersecurity threats or incidents.</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Within
management, the <span id="xdx_906_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zMzk1djWu8Lg" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000067" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleTextBlock">Group&#8217;s <span id="xdx_90A_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_zmnLptwjh1v6" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000068" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleFlag">Chief Financial Officer</ix:nonNumeric> </span>is primarily responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity
threats</ix:nonNumeric></span> and keep the senior executive officers informed on a regular basis of the identification, assessment, and management of cybersecurity
risks and of any cybersecurity incidents. <span id="xdx_903_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementExpertiseOfManagementResponsibleTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zhdEfdYAU0c4" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000069" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementExpertiseOfManagementResponsibleTextBlock">Such management personnel have prior experience and training in managing information systems
and cybersecurity matters and participate in ongoing training programs.</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the date hereof, <span id="xdx_90B_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantFlag_dbF_c20240101__20241231_zMj8SWHVksTh" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000070" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantFlag">the Company has not encountered cybersecurity incidents that the company believes to have been material to the Company
taken as a whole.</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

</ix:continuation></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span id="xdx_C05_gBFCRBODOTB-XJTW_z9Je954LLP11"><ix:continuation id="ConU000064-03"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></ix:continuation></span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_024"></span>PART
III</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_025"></span>ITEM
17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_026"></span>ITEM
18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
consolidated financial statements of Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited, and its operating entities are included at the end of this Annual
Report.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="Gk_027"></span>ITEM
19. EXHIBITS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 0.75in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit<br/>
    Number</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom; width: 0.1in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description
    of Exhibit</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.1*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: #CCEEFF"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000149315224049003/ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Current
    Effective Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company&#8217;s
    registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the SEC on December 6, 2024)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000149315224049003/ex4-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Specimen
    Share Certificate or Class A Ordinary Shares (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company&#8217;s registration statement
    on Form F-1 filed with the SEC on December 6, 2024).</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description
    of Registrant&#8217;s Securities (incorporated herein by reference to the section titled &#8220;Description of Share Capital&#8221;
    in the Registrant&#8217;s registration statement on <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000149315224049003/formf-1.htm#cup_020" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    F-1</a> (File No. 333-283643)), originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on <span style="background-color: #CCEEFF">December
    6, 2024</span>, as amended, including any form of prospectus contained therein pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of
    1933 and (ii) the Registrant&#8217;s registration statement on <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000164117225003366/form8-a12b.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    8-A</a>, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 9, 2025)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.3</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000164117225003758/ex4-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of the Representative&#8217;s Warrants (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 <span style="background-color: #CCEEFF">to Form
    F-6K filed with the SEC on April 11 2025)</span>.</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000149315224049003/ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Indemnification Agreement with the Registrant&#8217;s directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 <span style="background-color: #CCEEFF">to
    the Company&#8217;s registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the SEC on December 6, 2024</span>).</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.2</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000149315224049003/ex10-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Employment Agreement between the Registrant and an executive officer of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2
    <span style="background-color: #CCEEFF">to the Company&#8217;s registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the SEC on December
    6, 2024</span>).</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.3</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000149315224049003/ex10-3.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Joint
    Venture Cum Shareholders&#8217; Agreement dated May 16, 2022 between New Future Medical Services Company and Cuprina Pte. Ltd. (incorporated
    by reference to Exhibit 10.3 <span style="background-color: #CCEEFF">to the Company&#8217;s registration statement on Form F-1 filed
    with the SEC on December 6, 2024</span>).</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.4</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000149315224049003/ex10-4.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Agreement
    to Collaborate and Protect Confidentiality between Cuprina Pte. Ltd. and Nan&#8217;ao (Beijing) Hospital Management Co., Ltd. (incorporated
    by reference to Exhibit 10.4 <span style="background-color: #CCEEFF">to the Company&#8217;s registration statement on Form F-1 filed
    with the SEC on December 6, 2024</span>).</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.5</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000149315224049003/ex10-5.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Exclusive
    Distribution and Cooperation and Profit-Sharing Agreement dated June 1, 2023 between Cuprina Pte. Ltd. and Advanced Biotech and Engineering
    Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company&#8217;s registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the SEC on
    December 6, 2024</a></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">).</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.6</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000149315224049003/ex10-6.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Agreement
    dated January 26, 2023 between Cuprina Pte. Ltd. and Full Crimp Milk LLP (redacted) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 <span style="background-color: #CCEEFF">to
    the Company&#8217;s registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the SEC on December 6, 2024</span>).</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.7</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000149315224049003/ex10-7.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">License
    Agreement dated June 3, 2022 between Nanyang Technological University - NTUitive Pte. Ltd. and Cuprina Pte. Ltd. (incorporated by
    reference to Exhibit 10.7 <span style="background-color: #CCEEFF">to the Company&#8217;s registration statement on Form F-1 filed
    with the SEC on December 6, 2024</span>).</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.8</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000149315224049003/ex10-8.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Industry
    Research Collaboration Agreement dated August 22, 2022 between Nanyang Technological University and Cuprina Pte. Ltd. (incorporated
    by reference to Exhibit 10.8 <span style="background-color: #CCEEFF">to the Company&#8217;s registration statement on Form F-1 filed
    with the SEC on December 6, 2024</span>).</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000149315224049003/ex99-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Code
    of Business Conduct and Ethics (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File
    No. 333- 283643), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on December 6, 2024)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11.2</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex11-2.htm">Insider
    Trading Policy</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12.1*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex12-1.htm">Certification
    by the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12.2*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex12-2.htm">Certification
    by the Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13.1*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex13-1.htm">Certification
    by the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13.2*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex13-2.htm">Certification
    by the Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: #CCEEFF"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000149315224049003/ex21-1.htm">List of subsidiaries of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Company&#8217;s registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the SEC on December 6, 2024).</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">97.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: #CCEEFF"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1995704/000149315224049003/ex99-5.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Executive
    Compensation Recovery Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.5 to the Company&#8217;s registration statement on Form F-1
    filed with the SEC on December 6, 2024).</a></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 24px; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed
    herewith</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SIGNATURE</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized
the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CUPRINA
    HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
    May 14, 2025</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/
    David Quek Yong Qi</i></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:
    </span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David
    Quek Yong Qi</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Executive Officer </span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>


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<!-- Field: Split-Segment; Name: split_001 -->
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.1in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CUPRINA
HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.1in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="sk_001"></span>INDEX
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.1in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 0.75in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Page</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#sk_002">Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</a> (PCAOB ID: <span id="xdx_90D_edei--AuditorFirmId_c20240101__20241231_zSIWNow7msqi"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000071" name="dei:AuditorFirmId">6651</ix:nonNumeric></span>)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-2</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated
    Financial Statements:</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline"><a href="#sk_003">Consolidated
    Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2024</a></span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-3
    </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline"><a href="#sk_004">Consolidated
    Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024</a></span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-4</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline"><a href="#sk_005">Consolidated
    Statements of Changes in Shareholders&#8217; Deficit for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024</a></span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-5</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline"><a href="#sk_007">Consolidated
    Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024</a></span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-6</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline"><a href="#sk_008">Notes
    to Consolidated Financial Statements</a></span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-7
    &#8211; F-29</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.1in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.1in; text-align: center"></p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><b><span id="sk_002"></span>Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</b></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Board
of Directors and Shareholders</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
Holdings (Cayman) Limited</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Opinion
on the Financial Statements</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_909_edei--AuditorOpinionTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zUlSXg6l0m7b" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000072" name="dei:AuditorOpinionTextBlock">We
</ix:nonNumeric></span>have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited and its subsidiaries (the &#8220;Company&#8221;)
as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders&#8217;
deficit, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred
to as the &#8220;consolidated financial statements&#8221;). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, and the results
of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Basis
for Opinion</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the entity&#8217;s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion
on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States) (&#8220;PCAOB&#8221;) and are required to be independent with respect to Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited
in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission
and the PCAOB.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial
reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for
the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly,
we express no such opinion.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether
due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence
regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
<span id="xdx_907_edei--AuditorName_c20240101__20241231_z3mSuXvG8uej"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000073" name="dei:AuditorName">Kreit &amp; Chiu CPA LLP</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have served as Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited&#8217;s auditor since 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90A_edei--AuditorLocation_c20240101__20241231_zobDtCM0e1Ef"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000074" name="dei:AuditorLocation">Los
Angeles, California</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">May
14, 2025</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8195;&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.1in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CUPRINA
HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="sk_003"></span>CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_306_111_zcTnSxGxg2Pd" summary="xdx: Statement - Consolidated Balance Sheets" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--AssetsAbstract_iB_zxQuiEyFjOXh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrentAbstract_i01B_znYyOjy0bMmj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Current
    assets</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_i02I_maACzh9A_zLnzR2nyJxvj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000082" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">35,263</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000083" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">116,472</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_i02I_maACzh9A_zNpp3s39y4qe" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accounts
    receivable, net</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000086" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">50,819</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred
    costs</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredCostsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000090" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,023,445</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DeferredCostsCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zvm4zkaHqOff" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredCostsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000092" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">935,236</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_i02I_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_maACzh9A_zYo5EfvkgSA8" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amount
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" id="Fact000095" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">93,085</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_i02I_maACzh9A_zwBNvWR2YZ14" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000099" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">156,791</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000100" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">146,152</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zB7z85tHFnOh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000101" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">107,442</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--InventoryNet_i02I_maACzh9A_z8HpmAur76Zh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Inventories</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InventoryNet" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000103" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">7,665</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InventoryNet" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000104" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,730</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--InventoryNet_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zOHhznVBlmxg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InventoryNet" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000105" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,272</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_i02TI_maAz8na_mtACzh9A_zc0245szRkRi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    current assets</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000107" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,435,049</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000108" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,656,030</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zKfOb2SOaxqb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000109" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,217,401</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--AssetsNoncurrentAbstract_i01B_zdk7jjCvYw5l" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Noncurrent
    assets</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_i02I_maANzuqi_z6ow8wKK0h0f" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Property
    and equipment, net</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000114" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">78,366</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000115" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">58,065</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zGBAaUScGLI" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000116" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">42,685</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_i02I_maANzuqi_zvfBnsFbaMV9" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Right-of-use
    assets</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000118" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">72,286</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000119" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">30,940</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zAWVsR0Mw4rf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000120" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">22,745</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_i02I_maANzuqi_zk7fN3H2Deoh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Investments
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0122">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0123">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zI8JHlJS51J3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0124">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AssetsNoncurrent_i02TI_mtANzuqi_maAz8na_znYRU3ldWDS" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000126" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">150,652</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000127" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">89,005</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AssetsNoncurrent_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_z976kFKvUhWf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000128" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">65,430</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Assets_i01TI_mtAz8na_zVruk8fhanyj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    ASSETS</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Assets" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000130" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,585,701</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Assets" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000131" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,745,035</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--Assets_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zyE9BpLknTHj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Assets" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000132" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,282,831</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAbstract_iB_zmMXPE2PnUo7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">LIABILITIES</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_i01B_zOjCIKLKDlq2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Current
    liabilities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_i02I_maLCzfTY_zXRjcxP04rD9" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accruals
    and other payables</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000140" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">375,439</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000141" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">323,971</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zkvmJ0pjYpXd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000142" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">238,161</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_i02I_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_maLCzfTY_zuXXWtqEdFI7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amount
    due to related parties</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" id="Fact000144" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">3,985,726</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" id="Fact000145" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">5,625,996</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zLJ6ASSzytnj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" id="Fact000146" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">4,135,849</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LoansPayableToBankCurrent_i02I_maLCzfTY_zUjl6tpuSwm4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Bank
    loans, current</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LoansPayableToBankCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000148" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">20,850</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LoansPayableToBankCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000149" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">55,250</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--LoansPayableToBankCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zum4ATXIH9R4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LoansPayableToBankCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000150" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">40,616</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_i02I_maLCzfTY_z8TBI5gIaOW5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Lease
    liabilities, current</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000152" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">43,458</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000153" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">35,812</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zv7oSc32ivq3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000154" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">26,327</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_i02TI_mtLCzfTY_maLzPmO_zJSW9PaaMera" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    current liabilities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000156" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">4,425,473</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000157" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">6,041,029</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zqjzPEplbJpb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000158" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">4,440,953</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_i01B_z8g2MmrVZP19" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Noncurrent
    liabilities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LongTermLoansFromBank_i02I_maLNzAtw_zszlurpQ3QHc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Bank
    loans, non-current</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermLoansFromBank" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000163" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">21,700</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermLoansFromBank" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000164" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">163,728</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--LongTermLoansFromBank_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zRhWZW90WBY2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermLoansFromBank" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000165" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">120,362</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_i02I_maLNzAtw_zVkTPOdJz4ke" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Lease
    liabilities, non-current</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000167" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">35,812</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0168">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_z9SjpX3YIWU9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0169">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesNoncurrent_i02TI_mtLNzAtw_maLzPmO_zyzSdCw0BrHa" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    noncurrent liabilities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000171" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">57,512</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000172" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">163,728</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesNoncurrent_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zegzX0nQ0cz6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000173" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">120,362</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Liabilities_i01TI_mtLzPmO_maLASEzePB_zv4a2eLuDKZ1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    LIABILITIES</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Liabilities" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000175" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">4,482,985</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Liabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000176" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">6,204,757</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--Liabilities_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zlJ0Vcd3WjH2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Liabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000177" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">4,561,315</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CommonStockValue_i02I_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_zRyTv396YNz3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--CommonStockValue_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_zTMxttDxrCcg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" id="Fact000203" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">3,870</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CommonStockValue_i02I_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z9A2zYpePqrj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Ordinary
    shares, Class B, US$<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_uUSDPShares_c20231231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zjXGPSuDMgD1" title="Ordinary shares, par value"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_uUSDPShares_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zvj5AlMLXEXd" title="Ordinary shares, par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000208" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000210" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.001</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> par value, <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zYREnd3ik139" title="Ordinary shares, shares authorized"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z8fPeawYqgbb" title="Ordinary shares, shares authorized"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000212" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000214" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">25,000,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> shares authorized, <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z60lwcrLdrA7" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zEnhkB1NXeA5" title="Ordinary shares, shares outstanding"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zSoCMdDzCreb" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zGYKLwSXujsi" title="Ordinary shares, shares outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000216" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000218" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000220" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000222" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">14,085,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span></span></span> issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000205" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">18,939</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--CommonStockValue_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z9BNLTPtOP0f" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000223" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">13,923</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--CommonStockValue_i02I_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_maSEzlgn_zC6gxi3IBXt7" style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ordinary
shares, value</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000226" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">18,939</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--CommonStockValue_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z51b3CW88ZF4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000227" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">13,923</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--AdditionalPaidInCapital_i02I_maSEzlgn_zgXF6Bnh0hT5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Additional
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000230" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">78,722</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_i02I_maSEzlgn_z0btSeWs5zf8" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accumulated
    deficit</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000233" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">3,000,518</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000234" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">4,561,053</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zkLM0eHowks2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000235" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">3,352,976</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_i02I_maSEzlgn_zFOkVI8PIqW7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accumulated
    other comprehensive loss</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000237" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">309</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000238" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">1,594</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iI_uUSD_c20241231_z5ZxfVIexOq" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000239" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,172</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_i02TI_mtSEzlgn_maLASEzePB_zfhWdX3B7lO5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    shareholders&#8217; deficit</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000241" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">2,897,284</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000242" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">4,459,722</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_za3ssjx83e19" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000243" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">3,278,484</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_i01TI_mtLASEzePB_zsi0QWYZVEze" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; DEFICIT</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000245" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,585,701</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000246" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,745,035</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zGTvBNMkY5Bl" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000247" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,282,831</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.1in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.1in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.1in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CUPRINA
HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="sk_004"></span>CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_305_113_zBkCq0WngTG" summary="xdx: Statement - Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_49A_20220101__20221231_zaQwimSnN5bl">2022</td>
    <td/>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20240101__20241231_zVO2iPlOFLCk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b>S$</b></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:GrossProfit" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000261" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">3,024</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingExpensesAbstract_iB_zY6K2AEV8Vuf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
    expenses:</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_i01N_di_maOEz2CA_z9KaxXSckdod" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Selling,
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000268" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">902,887</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td>)</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000269" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">937,200</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000270" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,400,873</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_iN_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zYg2f1o208ol" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000271" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,029,826</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_i01N_di_maOEz2CA_zvAniA4FFBod" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Research
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000273" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">292,879</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">)</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000274" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">167,734</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000275" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">241,362</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_iN_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z8UKeIXMqmb8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000276" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">177,433</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OperatingExpenses_i01NT_di_mtOEz2CA_msOILzW7L_z0J7QI78SBMj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    operating expenses</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">)</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_i01T_mtOILzW7L_maILFCOzXec_zJ7iQP8zVbri" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    income (expense):</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_i01_maNIEzL2S_z4tNPr0Agtrd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    income</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000292" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">90,634</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000293" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">39,149</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000294" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">173,865</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zA7oPaGXHWK4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000295" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">127,813</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--InterestIncomeExpenseNet_i01_maNIEzL2S_zTcfXMFnA4l5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Interest
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InterestIncomeExpenseNet" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000297" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">2,017</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">)</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InterestIncomeExpenseNet" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000298" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">56,587</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InterestIncomeExpenseNet" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000299" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">37,210</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--InterestIncomeExpenseNet_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zjAJne5sbqX8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InterestIncomeExpenseNet" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000300" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">27,354</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_i01T_mtNIEzL2S_maILFCOzXec_zNJCHlaXwaA3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    other (expense) income, net</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000303" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">17,438</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000304" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">136,655</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_iT_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zNNnkocUc45k" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000305" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">100,459</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_iT_mtILFCOzXec_maIBEINzagl_zQBKEIcHMj9f" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    tax expense</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0313">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0314">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z0IjsPeQO8m9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0315">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--IncomeBeforeEquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates_iT_mtIBEINzagl_maNILz6eZ_z47ZQV9NTiO4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Income
    before equity in net earnings of affiliates</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:IncomeBeforeEquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000317" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">1,087,171</ix:nonFraction></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:IncomeBeforeEquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000318" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">1,085,767</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:IncomeBeforeEquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000319" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">1,508,604</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--IncomeBeforeEquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates_iT_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zLL5MA17c2ij" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:IncomeBeforeEquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000320" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,109,023</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_ecustom--EquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates_maNILz6eZ_z7xT8o8hNEFl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Equity
    in net earnings of affiliates</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:EquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000322" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">7,345</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">)</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:EquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000323" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">33,788</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:EquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000324" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">51,931</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zdChUpBYHe46" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:EquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000325" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">38,176</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_iT_mtNILz6eZ_maCINOTzONH_zVYW8gDX9on7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>)</b></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000329" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">1,560,535</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_iT_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zod2zJioP9Xi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000330" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,147,199</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract_iB_zZIgWpKjbd3b" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    comprehensive loss:</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentBeforeTax_i01_maCINOTzONH_zqy9OGMhDt8h" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign
    currency translation, net of income tax</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentBeforeTax" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000336" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">261</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">)</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentBeforeTax" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000337" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">570</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentBeforeTax" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000338" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">1,903</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentBeforeTax_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_ze8I1i3myYl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentBeforeTax" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000339" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,399</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_i01T_mtCINOTzONH_zx8DFA089B0a" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    comprehensive loss</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><b>(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000341" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">1,094,777</ix:nonFraction></b></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">)</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000342" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">1,118,985</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000343" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">1,562,438</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_iT_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zZ5H0HAuZwQ2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000344" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,148,598</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareAbstract_iB_zcLgPCpuOwUc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Loss
    per share attributable to weighted average number of outstanding ordinary shares</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Basic
    and diluted (cents)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_c20220101__20221231_z1gf0eqaM7h2" title="Basic (cents)" class="xdx_phnt_U3RhdGVtZW50IC0gQ29uc29saWRhdGVkIFN0YXRlbWVudHMgb2YgT3BlcmF0aW9ucyBhbmQgQ29tcHJlaGVuc2l2ZSBMb3NzAA__"><span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareDiluted_c20220101__20221231_zPfrZ1ZtBIZ9" title="Diluted (cents)" class="xdx_phnt_U3RhdGVtZW50IC0gQ29uc29saWRhdGVkIFN0YXRlbWVudHMgb2YgT3BlcmF0aW9ucyBhbmQgQ29tcHJlaGVuc2l2ZSBMb3NzAA__">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000350" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" sign="-" unitRef="SGDPShares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000352" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" sign="-" unitRef="SGDPShares">6.08</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span></td>
    <td>)</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_c20240101__20241231_zRbRV2vFNgj1" title="Basic (cents)" class="xdx_phnt_U3RhdGVtZW50IC0gQ29uc29saWRhdGVkIFN0YXRlbWVudHMgb2YgT3BlcmF0aW9ucyBhbmQgQ29tcHJlaGVuc2l2ZSBMb3NzAA__"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareDiluted_c20240101__20241231_z3niWMJyglQ2" title="Diluted (cents)" class="xdx_phnt_U3RhdGVtZW50IC0gQ29uc29saWRhdGVkIFN0YXRlbWVudHMgb2YgT3BlcmF0aW9ucyBhbmQgQ29tcHJlaGVuc2l2ZSBMb3NzAA__">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000358" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" sign="-" unitRef="SGDPShares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000360" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" sign="-" unitRef="SGDPShares">8.68</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CUPRINA
HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="sk_005"></span>CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; DEFICIT</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"></p>



<p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_309_114_zq3EXNgsgYf" summary="xdx: Statement - Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Deficit" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    value</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    value</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    capital</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    deficit</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Ordinary
    shares, Class A</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Ordinary
    shares, Class B</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Additional</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accumulated
    other</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Shares<br/>

    <span style="font-size: 10pt">Outstanding</span></b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Par<br/>

    value</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shares<br/>

    Outstanding</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Par<br/>

    value</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">paid-in<br/>

    capital</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accumulated<br/>

    deficit</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">comprehensive<br/>

    loss</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">shareholders&#8217;<br/>
    deficit</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_434_c20220101__20221231_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iS_zXzSanlfBS2h" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 28%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance
    as of January 1, 2022</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--SharesOutstanding_iS_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_z2AwVW7RoJXc" title="Balance, shares" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" id="Fact000393" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">3,915,000</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" id="Fact000386" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">5,264</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--SharesOutstanding_iS_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zwZB77uiPici" title="Balance, shares" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000395" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">14,085,000</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000387" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">18,939</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" id="Fact000388" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">78,722</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" id="Fact000389" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">786,447</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0390">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span>(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2021-12-31" id="Fact000391" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">683,522</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_zMqtxSKCB755" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    loss</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0397">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0398">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0399">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CUPRINA
HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="sk_007"></span>CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="xdx: Statement - Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows" id="xdx_309_112_zzkXgTub2QZ9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_i02N_di_msNCPBUzZiK_zO86AKCPywVd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Loss on disposal of property and equipment</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Write-off
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0547">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000548" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">5,935</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--InventoryWriteDown_i02_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z9w6tvgbTe4a" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InventoryWriteDown" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000549" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">4,363</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses_i02_maNCPBUzZiK_zpFIHwVwEfMd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Lease
    related expenses</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000551" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">2,935</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td>)</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000552" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">106</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000553" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">2,112</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses_i02_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zmWXo8HExNXb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000554" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,553</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_i02N_di_msNCPBUzZiK_ztADQaRId9i4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin: 0"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000556" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">1,050</ix:nonFraction></p></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000557" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">2,484</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000558" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,741</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_i02N_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zeKW7lw6HEa1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000559" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,280</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_i02N_di_msNCPBUzZiK_zjobRXamjw59" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Equity
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: right"/>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_i03N_di_msNCPBUzZiK_zv2blhFkxMy1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td>)</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000571" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">37,511</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerAsset_i03N_di_msNCPBUzZiK_zkkwV2FfRnXg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    assets</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerAsset" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000575" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">192</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerAsset" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000576" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">2,488</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0577">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerAsset_i02N_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zZQPECninUDb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0578">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets_i03N_di_msNCPBUzZiK_zRnwM2c5GqR5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000580" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">103,297</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td>)</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000581" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">32,122</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000582" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">10,639</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets_i02N_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zJOZESJ5RoT4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000583" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">7,821</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_i03N_di_msNCPBUzZiK_zGH7lFQufZa3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Inventories</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000585" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">6,501</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td>)</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000586" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,164</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0587">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_i02N_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zHeS7ipCXYok" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0588">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade_i03_maNCPBUzZiK_zQqIuUykLd8b" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt">Accounts payable</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000590" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">220</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td>)</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0591">-</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0592">-</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade_i02_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z0qGatM6TwVc" title="Accounts payable" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0594">-</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_i03_maNCPBUzZiK_zvx3xCwTD3we" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accruals
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000596" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">266,857</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td>)</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000597" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">45,863</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000598" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">123,562</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_i02_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zm5ZcEwbF9Fc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000599" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">90,835</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent_i03_maNCPBUzZiK_zo9ijDpivnKh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Advance
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000601" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">392,097</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">)</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0621">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--PaymentsForProceedsFromInvestments_i01N_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_znm0NfDdkc4g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0623">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_i01T_pp0p0_mtNCPBUzfpG_maCCERCzOZ3_zfUFynI9wXwl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_iB_z70QxgmtFW" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfBankDebt_i01N_di_msNCPBUzNaF_zD2rG6k4ZJl7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Repayments
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<tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--PaymentsOfFinancingCosts_i01N_di_msNCPBUzNaF_z6QrSsfpsXQ1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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<tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt_i01_maNCPBUzNaF_zblHSAzwzVZ3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; width: 12%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000651" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,101,445</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    cash provided by financing activities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000656" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">433,075</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000657" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,340,977</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect_iT_mtCCERCzOZ3_zxSBw7QskGVb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; width: 40%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    change in cash and cash equivalents</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 12%"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000660" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">202,456</ix:nonFraction></p></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; width: 12%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000661" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">529,883</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; width: 12%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000662" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">83,112</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect_iT_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zUc9gMDkn0Xd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; width: 12%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000663" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">61,098</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_z17ez5Auehii" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000699" name="us-gaap:OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock_zy64NWcd7qff" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>1</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="sk_008"></span><span id="xdx_829_zZcpL8YCQq76">Organization and business overview</span> </b></span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
Holdings (Cayman) Limited is an exempted company incorporated on September 22, 2023 under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The
Company, through its subsidiaries, manufactures, supplies and sells of medical devices (i.e. primarily Maggot Debridement
Therapy (&#8220;MDT&#8221;)), to manage and accelerate healing and closure of chronic wounds. The products are composed of
nature-based bioactive, in the form of advanced wound dressings, derived from sustainable sources. These products have applications
in the medical, cosmeceutical and nutraceutical industries and will be sold directly in Singapore, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong
and Mainland China through partnerships and rest of the world through distributorships. The Company and its subsidiaries are
collectively referred to as the &#8220;Company&#8221;. The Company is headquartered in Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Reorganization
of the Company&#8217;s legal structure (the &#8220;Reorganization&#8221;)</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company began business operations on August 28, 2019 when Cuprina Pte. Ltd. was incorporated in Singapore. As part of the Reorganization
for the purpose of the listing, Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on October 3, 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Reorganization was completed in January 2024. The Reorganization involved the transfer of <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member_zaGvHKdl7Ii1" title="Ownership interest"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member" id="Fact000701" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">100</ix:nonFraction>%</span> of the equity interests in Cuprina Pte.
Ltd. from its original shareholders, Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd. to Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited. Subsequently, <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember_z7oTyZU8lvy3" title="Ownership interest"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember" id="Fact000703" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">100</ix:nonFraction>%</span> of the equity interests
in Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited were transferred to the Company, Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited. Consequently, Cuprina Holdings
(Cayman) Limited became the holding company of all the entities mentioned above and resulted in a change in the reporting entity from
Cuprina Pte. Ltd. to Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Reorganization has been accounted for as a recapitalization among entities under common control since the same controlling shareholder,
Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd. controlled all these entities before and after the Reorganization. Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd. owned <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_zY55Fljog24d" title="Ownership interest"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember" id="Fact000705" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">100.00</ix:nonFraction>%</span>
equity interest in all these entities before the Reorganization and <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPte.Ltd.Member_zY3FxsAHyM62" title="Ownership interest"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_CuprinaHoldingPte.Ltd.Member" id="Fact000707" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">78.25</ix:nonFraction>%</span> equity interest in all these entities through Cuprina Holdings
(Cayman) Limited after the Reorganization.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
a transaction that is considered to be a transfer of net assets or exchange of equity interest between entities under common control,
the receiving entity reflects the transfer as a change in the reporting entity on a retrospective basis. ASC 805-50-30-5 applies to transfers
of net assets or exchange of equity interest between entities under common control and requires the receiving entity to reflect the transfer
in a manner similar to a pooling of interests. A pooling of interests was the method of accounting for the reorganization. The consolidation
of the Company and its subsidiaries has been accounted for at historical cost and prepared on the basis as if the aforementioned transactions
(transfer of net assets or exchange of equity interest) had become effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the
accompanying consolidated financial statements. The assets and liabilities and results of operations for the periods presented comprise
those of the previously separate entities combined from the beginning of the period to the end of the period eliminating the effects
of intra-entity transactions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>


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    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
consolidated financial statements of the Company include the following entities:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><img src="form20-f_005.jpg" alt=""/></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000709" name="CUPR:ScheduleOfCompanyAndSubsidiariesTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89B_ecustom--ScheduleOfCompanyAndSubsidiariesTableTextBlock_zspmI0KwhFg5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B7_zis8qEmxKDI9" style="display: none">Schedule
of company and subsidiaries</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
                                            Holdings (Cayman) Limited</span></p>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td id="xdx_985_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_zoP9iN0DVzd9" title="Place of incorporation" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember" id="Fact000715" name="CUPR:PlaceOfIncorporation">Cayman
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    <td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_z5H4JDoVmvk1" title="Principal activities" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember" id="Fact000717" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities">Holding
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/10.5pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 28.35pt; text-align: justify">On April 11, 2025, the Company
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for listing on Nasdaq Capital Markets on April 9, 2025 and commenced trading under the ticker symbol &#8220;CUPR&#8221; on April 10, 2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/10.5pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 28.35pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/10.5pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 28.35pt; text-align: justify">On May 8, 2025, the Company has
closed the sale of an additional <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20250508__20250508__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zBkjdtjGdqv" title="Stock issued during period shares new issues"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" contextRef="From2025-05-082025-05-08_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact000773" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">450,000</ix:nonFraction></span> Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company, pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriter&#8217;s
over-allotment option granted in connection with the Company&#8217;s IPO, at the IPO price of US$<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_pid_c20250508__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zWBuDTap8Ejf" title="Share price"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SharePrice" contextRef="AsOf2025-05-08_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact000775" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="SGDPShares">4.00</ix:nonFraction></span> per share.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000777" name="us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80B_eus-gaap--SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_zfmVjNQz9Pee" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_82B_zmMwS2Ea3cOh">Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies </span></b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000779" name="us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock"><p id="xdx_843_eus-gaap--BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_zMCZy5LZU5y1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_865_zkdTM3rUtgq6">Basis
of presentation</span></span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
summary of significant accounting policies is presented to assist in understanding the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements
and have been consistently applied in the preparation of the financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2024. The accompanying
consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America (&#8220;US GAAP&#8221;) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (&#8220;SEC&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000781" name="us-gaap:SubstantialDoubtAboutGoingConcernTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--SubstantialDoubtAboutGoingConcernTextBlock_zOIkviFzFmhd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_860_zXX6cXSmuAjh">Going
concern</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates,
among other things, the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company had a working
capital deficiency of S$<span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uSGD_c20231231_zyIzbXnsU3ol" title="Working capital"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:WorkingCapital" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000783" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">2,990,424</ix:nonFraction></span> and S$<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uSGD_c20241231_zVADhs75n3cd" title="Working capital"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:WorkingCapital" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000785" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">4,384,999</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_905_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20231231_zhxrZUP7Lof8" title="Working capital"><span id="xdx_902_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zGToqDIf6UVc" title="Working capital"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:WorkingCapital" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000787" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:WorkingCapital" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000789" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">3,223,552</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span>) and a shareholders&#8217; deficit of S$<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uSGD_c20231231_zzeipXTsm9qh" title="Shareholders' deficit"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000791" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">2,897,284</ix:nonFraction></span> and S$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uSGD_c20241231_zY1lyKwGqcRk" title="Shareholders' deficit"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000793" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">4,459,722</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uUSD_c20231231_zkfCbkiERuI4" title="Shareholders' deficit"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zxcZbpbEupKg" title="Shareholders' deficit"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000795" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000797" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">3,278,484</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span>)
as at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. These factors, among others, raises substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability
to continue as a going concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify">On
April 11, 2025, the Company has completed the Initial Public Offering (&#8220;IPO&#8221;) of 3,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares on
Nasdaq Capital Market, at a public offering price of US$4.00 per share, and give rise to total gross proceeds of US$12.0 million.
The gross proceeds raised enable us to meet our liabilities as and when they fall due, and sufficient to meet our operational needs
over the next 12 months. We believe the completion of the IPO alleviates the substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability to
continue as a going concern.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going
concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">Significant
account policies</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000799" name="us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_zx5jJuSJz291" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_861_zRvbLhnEuhw1">Consolidation</span></i></span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries. All inter-company
balances, investment and capital, if any, have been eliminated upon consolidation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000801" name="us-gaap:UseOfEstimates"><p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_zUXTz3lFTCt4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_860_zkM6OrFbkIna">Use
of estimates </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions
that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated
assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances,
the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent
from other sources. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements include, but
are not limited to, the useful lives and impairment of long-lived assets, and collectability of accounts receivable and other current
assets. Actual results may differ from these estimates.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000803" name="CUPR:CashFlowsReportingPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_843_ecustom--CashFlowsReportingPolicyTextBlock_z8Lew5BzOli3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_867_zHEhNYr9nWX5">Cash
Flows Reporting</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
follow ASC 230, Statements of Cash Flows, for cash flows reporting, and classify cash receipts and payments according to whether they
stem from operating, investing, or financing activities and provides definitions of each category. We use the indirect or reconciliation
method (&#8220;Indirect method&#8221;) as defined by ASC 230, Statement of Cash Flows, to report net cash flow from operating activities
by adjusting net income (loss) to reconcile it to net cash flow from operating activities by removing the effects of all deferrals of
past operating cash receipts and payments and all accruals of expected future operating cash receipts and payments and all items that
are included in net (loss) income that do not affect operating cash receipts and payments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>


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    <div style="margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->9<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000805" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zyeOh67vzSj5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_861_zbG1h1zIWaJg">Cash
and cash equivalents </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
equivalents primarily consist of bank deposits with original maturities of three months or less, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal
and use.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000807" name="us-gaap:ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock_zbL4aXh2NW8h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_867_zvMdsye3fkph">Accounts
receivable, net</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accounts
receivable mainly represent amounts due from customers that meet the revenue recognition criteria. These accounts receivables are recorded
net of any allowance for credit losses and specific customer credit allowances. The Company maintains an allowance for estimated credit
losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses
adjusted to take into account current market conditions and the Company&#8217;s customers&#8217; financial condition, the receivable
amount in dispute, and the current receivables aging and current payment patterns, over the contractual life of the receivable. The Company
writes off the receivable when it is determined to be uncollectible.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000809" name="CUPR:OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_846_ecustom--OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zktl8HNWelO4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86C_zHDU1lJ3Ycr6">Other
current assets </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
current assets, net, primarily consists of deposits, prepayments made to vendors or services providers for future services that have
not been provided, and other receivables from third parties. These advances are unsecured and are reviewed periodically to determine
whether their carrying value has become impaired. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, management believes that the Company&#8217;s other
current assets are not impaired.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000811" name="us-gaap:InventoryPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--InventoryPolicyTextBlock_zBS28TCKwVG5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_868_z1EuyC5fmtJ9">Inventory</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inventories
are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in, first-out principle, and
includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000813" name="CUPR:DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_849_ecustom--DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock_zvrCT7rNjIog" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_866_zVPQYNLRFul5">Deferred
costs</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to ASC 340-10-25-2, deferred costs attributable to preproduction costs related to long-term supply arrangements shall be capitalized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, pursuant to ASC 340-10-S99-1, offering costs directly attributable to an offering of equity securities are deferred and would
be charged against the gross proceeds of the offering as a reduction of additional paid-in capital. These costs include legal and consulting
fees related to the registration statement, and the expenses related to the SEC filing and printing. As of December 31, 2024, the Company
did not conclude its IPO.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000815" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_zilj2bCWwla9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86C_zaoj8pEPIhkb">Property
and equipment, net </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000817" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zsuErjUOdmgh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property
and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if applicable. The Company computes depreciation using
the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B3_zi3qFEb570Fi">Schedule
of estimated useful lives</span></span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    and equipment</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Motor
    vehicles</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--MotorVehiclesMember_zYFG8aeTJ611" title="Estimated useful lives"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_MotorVehiclesMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact000819" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">5</ix:nonNumeric></span>
    years</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--ComputersMember_zpfRBeX9k8" title="Estimated useful lives"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ComputersMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact000821" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">3</ix:nonNumeric></span>
    years</span></td></tr>
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    and fittings</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--FurnitureAndFittingsMember_zITRdbjVjMs4" title="Estimated useful lives"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_FurnitureAndFittingsMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact000823" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">3</ix:nonNumeric></span>
    years</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    years</span></td></tr>
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    equipment</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--OfficeEquipmentMember_zKcoQvM9jxif" title="Estimated useful lives"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact000827" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">3</ix:nonNumeric></span>
    years</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is
included in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to
expense as incurred, while additions renewals and betterments, which are expected to extend the useful life of assets, are capitalized.
The Company also re-evaluates the periods of depreciation to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates
of useful lives.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000829" name="us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_z6lCpjZMdEwi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86B_zNizwz9YY20a">Impairment
of long-lived assets </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets (asset groups), including property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use
assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of its asset (asset group) may not
be fully recoverable. When these events occur, the Company measures impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the
estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset (asset group) and their eventual disposition. If
the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset (asset group), the Company recognizes an
impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset (asset group) over their fair value. Fair value is generally
determined by discounting the cash flows expected to be generated by the asset (asset group), when the market prices are not readily
available. The adjusted carrying amount of the asset is the new cost basis and is depreciated over the asset&#8217;s remaining useful
life. Long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely
independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, no impairment of long-lived
assets was observed and recognized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000831" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy"><p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_z2KJe0YNIPV5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_868_zljREK5hdyql">Investments
at equity</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to ASC 323-30-25-1, the joint venture is accounted for using the equity method of accounting as the Company has the ability to exercise
significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investee but does not have a controlling financial interest. Our judgment
regarding the level of influence over an equity method investment includes considering key factors such as our ownership interest, representation
on the board of directors, participation in policy making decisions and material intercompany transactions. Under this method of accounting,
the Company records its proportionate share of the net earnings or losses of the equity method investee and a corresponding increase
or decrease to the investment balance. The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes
in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the investments at equity of the Company were S$<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iI_dxL_c20231231_zI2gcxYUAC31" title="::XDX::-"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0832">nil</span></span>
and S$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iI_dxL_c20241231_zTG93qExicW9" title="::XDX::-"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0833">nil</span></span> (US$nil),
respectively. There is a general presumption that equity method should be suspended and losses should not be recognized in excess of
the total investment (including any additional advances). It is important that investors continue to track unrecognized equity
method losses to determine when to record subsequent period equity method earnings. However, an investor may record losses in excess
of the carrying amount of the investment if the investor has guaranteed the investee&#8217;s obligations or has committed to provide
further financial support to the investee, as described in ASC 323-10-35-20.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000835" name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zzGgDIYVaV4a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_865_z9VcWWMUMEPf">Fair value measurements</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ASC
820 defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required
or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in pricing the asset or liability.
ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
    1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-
    observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
    2</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-
    other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
    3</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-
    unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity. </span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, contract assets, inventories, accounts payable,
amount due to related parties, and accruals and other payables approximate their fair values because of their generally short maturities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000837" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_zquW4Y0Bgi7b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_863_zyoVBdK7rCm7">Revenue
recognition</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company follows the revenue requirements of Accounting Standards Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with
Customers (Topic 606) (&#8220;Accounting Standards Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 606&#8221;). The core principle underlying the revenue
recognition of this ASC allows the Company to recognize revenue that represents the transfer of goods and services to customers in an
amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in such exchange. This will require the Company to
identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based
on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
achieve that core principle, the Company applies a five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts. The five-step model
requires that the Company (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii)
determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal
will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue
when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
are generally recognized upon the transfer of control of promised products or services provided to our customers, reflecting the amount
of consideration we expect to receive for those products or services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
Company generates revenue from the following streams:</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Sales
of Maggot Debridement Therapy Product</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes revenue from the respective hospitals after 36 hours from the delivery of the vials to the hospital for their treatment
of respective patients, as the storage life of the vials are only 36 hours from the production and this is when the customer could direct
the use of and obtain the benefits of their service. Maggot Debridement Therapy product is typically sold without a discount for early
payment, rebates or rights of return.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment
terms are generally 30 days from the date of invoice. The point of invoice is typically upon completion of the overall service and treatment,
as at this point the Company is able to conclude whether the patient will be receiving (i) ala carte orders, (ii) one (1) week packages,
or (iii) one (1) month packages, and invoice accordingly. The Company&#8217;s product sales contracts are primarily with customers, which
is the hospital. The revenue occurs at a point in time, when the customer received the vials or maggots for their treatment to the respective
patients. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit
of account for revenue recognition. A contract&#8217;s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized
as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company&#8217;s performance obligations are satisfied upon 36 hours
from the delivery of maggots for the treatment of respective patients from the doctor at the estimated net realizable amount for those
services and goods.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Sales
of Cosmeceutical Product</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company provides sale of cosmeceutical product to its customers. Revenue from sale of cosmeceutical product is recognized when the Company
satisfies a performance obligation at a point in time which generally coincides with delivery and acceptance of the good sold. The customer
would indicate the acceptance of the goods sold to them through acknowledgment on the delivery order. Cosmeceutical product is typically
sold with a right of return and without discount for early payment and rebates. Accumulated experience is used to estimate and provide
for such returns at the time of sale. There has been no event for return of goods since the launching of the product.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000839" name="us-gaap:ReconciliationOfRevenueFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--ReconciliationOfRevenueFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock_zHEEuyczRIne" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_860_zn2qTooU3te6">Segments</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ASC
280, &#8220;Segment Reporting&#8221;, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent
with the Company&#8217;s internal organizational structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major
clients in financial statements for detailing the Company&#8217;s business segments. Based on the criteria established by ASC 280, the
Company&#8217;s chief operating decision maker (&#8220;CODM&#8221;) has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated
results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Company. As a whole and hence, the Company
has only two reportable segments, being the Maggot Debridement Therapy Product and Cosmeceutical Product.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000841" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk"><p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_z1FlgSnmyDal" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><i><span id="xdx_86F_zB1JsKWPWFyi">Concentrations
and credit risk</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company maintains cash with banks in Singapore (&#8220;SGN&#8221;). Should any bank holding cash become insolvent, or if the Company
is otherwise unable to withdraw funds, the Company would lose the cash with that bank; however, the Company has not experienced any losses
in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant risks on its cash in bank accounts. In Singapore, a depositor has
up to S$<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--InsuranceOfDeposit_iI_c20241231_zm0PE9ArxuYe" title="Insurance of deposit"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:InsuranceOfDeposit" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000843" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">100,000</ix:nonFraction></span> insured by Singapore Deposit Insurance Corporation (&#8220;SDIC&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial
instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts
receivable. The Company has designed their credit policies with an objective to minimize their exposure to credit risk. The Company&#8217;s
accounts receivable are short term in nature and the associated risk is minimal. The Company conducts credit evaluations on its clients
and generally does not require collateral or other security. The Company periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of the existing
clients in determining the allowance for current expected credit loss primarily based upon the age of the receivables and factors surrounding the
credit risk of specific clients.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2023, the Company&#8217;s assets were located in Singapore and Malaysia, and the Company&#8217;s revenue was principally
derived from the operations in Singapore. As of December 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s assets were located in Singapore, Malaysia and
United States of America, and the Company&#8217;s revenue was principally derived from the operation in Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the year ended December 31, 2023, customer A, customer B, customer C, customer D, and customer E accounted for <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zSYWb335fly" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_CustomerAMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000845" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">22.0</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zjfHPZ1ugWF7" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000847" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">18.1</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z97mlT0Aopzd" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_CustomerCMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000849" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">17.0</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zdvHIsEwEWA5" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000851" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">13.4</ix:nonFraction>%</span>
and <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zHCFODkd9tAg" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_CustomerEMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000853" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">10.7</ix:nonFraction>%</span> of the Company&#8217;s total revenue and <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zU1lXfwoKv38" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_CustomerAMember_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000855" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">25.1</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zFnYFPylwfl5" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000857" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">22.8</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zJqmUPbzLSai" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_CustomerCMember_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000859" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">7.9</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zmG488xmBUD3" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_CustomerDMember_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000861" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">6.5</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, and <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zseZifa5hO95" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_CustomerEMember_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000863" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">26.0</ix:nonFraction>%</span> of the Company&#8217;s total accounts receivable
as of December 31, 2023, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, customer A, customer B, customer C, customer E , and customer
F accounted for <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zMjQPtmlEQK5" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_CustomerAMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000865" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">8.3</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z5jGQEJ7QKP9" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000867" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">13.4</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zrZFPs2zxtM4" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_CustomerCMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000869" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">23.8</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, <span 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unitRef="Pure">39.0</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z1xlOa3PJ4Ei" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_CustomerBMember_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000877" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">32.5</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zkaIRJsUjs67" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_CustomerCMember_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000879" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">0.0</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zoRd4FdHUlX8" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_CustomerEMember_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000881" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">3.0</ix:nonFraction>%</span> and <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerFMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z3EULGqNCNFb" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_CustomerFMember_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000883" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">3.2</ix:nonFraction>%</span> of the
Company&#8217;s total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the year ended December 31, 2023, vendor A, vendor B, vendor C, and vendor D accounted for <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zIVic8ABFOa2" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_VendorAMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000885" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">34.6</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zu2wxIM9EQGl" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_VendorBMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000887" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">19.4</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zOde9mFoVofg" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_VendorCMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000889" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">18.3</ix:nonFraction>%</span>, and <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_ztYxsfipbP41" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_VendorDMember_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000891" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">9.9</ix:nonFraction>%</span> of the Company&#8217;s
total purchases, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, vendor A and vendor C accounted for <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z1Zd37CvPWs2" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_VendorAMember_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000893" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">67.4</ix:nonFraction>%</span> and <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z4eI50LU1wna" title="Concentration risk percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_VendorCMember_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact000895" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">18.0</ix:nonFraction>%</span> of the Company&#8217;s
total purchases, respectively. </span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None
of the vendors consisted of more than 10% of accounts payable as of December 31, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000897" name="us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_zon9MJjw3NE9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><i><span id="xdx_86D_zcCHDFJeTmB4">Commitments
and contingencies</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and claims arising out of the business
that relate to a wide range of matters, such as government investigations and tax matters. The Company recognizes a liability for such
contingency if it determines it is probable that a loss will be incurred and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. The Company
may consider many factors in making these assessments including historical and the specific facts and circumstances of each matter.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Employee
benefits</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Employee
benefits are recognized as an expense, unless the cost qualifies to be capitalized as an asset.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>i)</i></span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Defined
  contribution plan</span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 28.15pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Defined
contribution plan are post-employment benefit plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into separate entities such as
the Central Provident Fund on a mandatory, and contractual basis. The Company has no further payment obligations once the
contributions have been paid.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.9in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 130; Value: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000899" name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy"><p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_zx5aeA3KZlKl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><i><span id="xdx_862_zmnGhEL9Vt8h">Research
and development</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the design and development of products, the Company expenses all research costs as incurred, which primarily
comprise internal and external costs related to execution of studies. For the year ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, research
and development expenses were S$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uSGD_c20220101__20221231_zosc3wWgqwvd" title="Research and development expenses"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact000901" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">292,879</ix:nonFraction></span>, S$<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uSGD_c20230101__20231231_zc17G8FRfPQj" title="Research and development expenses"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000903" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">167,734</ix:nonFraction></span>
and S$<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uSGD_c20240101__20241231_zRLXn3BxX5Sh" title="Research and development expenses"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000905" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">241,362</ix:nonFraction></span>
(US$<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uUSD_c20230101__20231231_zc1ol9e5IZ62" title="Research and development expenses"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zspCTmkb5JFb" title="Research and development expenses"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000907" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000909" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">177,433</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span>),
respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000911" name="CUPR:RelatedPartiesPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_844_ecustom--RelatedPartiesPolicyTextBlock_zjczo0MT2h9i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_865_zQAddde9Woyb">Related
parties</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Parties
are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant
influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject
to common control or significant influence of the same party, such as a family member or relative, shareholder, or a related corporation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company follows ASC 850 Related Party Disclosures for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000913" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_zDtkMTMjfRLk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86A_zXWySm1AX0aa">Foreign
currency </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in Singapore Dollars (&#8220;S$&#8221;), which is the reporting currency
of the Company. The functional currencies of the Company are the Singapore Dollar, United State Dollar, Malaysia Ringgit, Renminbi and
Hong Kong Dollar.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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of the consolidated balance sheet, consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, consolidated statement of changes in
shareholders&#8217; deficit and consolidated statement of cash flows from S$ into US$ as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024
are solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the rate of US$<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--UnitedStateDollarMember_zcbRyNQdnmN2" title="Foreign currency, exchange rate"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_UnitedStateDollarMember" id="Fact000915" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Pure">0.7351</ix:nonFraction></span> = S$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--SingaporeDollarMember_zx9G6HRaf4Uf" title="Foreign currency, exchange rate"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_SingaporeDollarMember" id="Fact000917" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Pure">1</ix:nonFraction></span>, as set forth in the statistical release
of the Monetary Authority Singapore on December 31, 2024. No representation is made that the SGD amounts could have been, or could be,
converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 31, 2024, or at any other rate.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accounts for income taxes under FASB ASC 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences
attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their
respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are also provided for net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized to offset future
taxable income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary
differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized
in income in the period including the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established, when necessary, to reduce net deferred tax
assets to the amount expected to be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing
authorities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
provisions of FASB ASC 740-10-25, &#8220;Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,&#8221; prescribe a more-likely-than-not threshold
for consolidated financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. This
interpretation also provides guidance on the recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred
income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and related disclosures.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company did not accrue any liability, interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in its provision for income taxes for
the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024. The Company does not expect that its assessment regarding uncertain tax positions will materially
change over the next 12 months.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Government
grants are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied
with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs,
for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as income in equal amounts
over the expected useful life of the related asset.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company adopted ASC 842 on January 1, 2019. The Company is a lessee of non-cancellable operating leases for its corporate office premises
and production space. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Lease assets and liabilities are recognized at
the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value
of the future lease payments is the Company&#8217;s incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement
date. The Company generally uses the base, non-cancellable lease term in calculating the right-of-use assets and liabilities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less.
The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with its short-term leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company evaluates the impairment of its right-of-use assets consistent with the approach applied for its other long-lived assets. The
assessment of possible impairment is based on its ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future
pre-tax cash flows of the related operations. The Company has elected to include the carrying amount of finance and operating lease liabilities
in any tested asset group and include the associated lease payments in the undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows. For the years ended
December 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company did not have any impairment loss against its operating lease right-of-use assets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number
of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if outstanding
stock options, warrants and convertible debt were exercised or converted into ordinary shares. When the Company incurs a loss, diluted
shares are not included, as their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect. The Company did not have any dilutive securities or debt
for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000927" name="us-gaap:PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription"><p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_zeAM1ZBrqGNd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_86A_z1xqWLIANWI5">Reclassification</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify">Certain prior period accounts have been reclassified to be in conformity
with current period presentation.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000929" name="us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zFvf0PH9Kb6d" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86D_zMtJF8P5F3sd">Recent
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company is an &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; (&#8220;EGC&#8221;) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012
(the &#8220;JOBS Act&#8221;). Under the JOBS Act, an EGC can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to
the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company made the election to delay the
adoption of new or revised accounting standards.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, &#8220;Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject
to Contractual Sale Restrictions&#8221;, which clarifies that contractual sale restrictions are not considered in measuring fair value
of equity securities and requires additional disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The standard
is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted
the ASU on January 1, 2024. The additional required disclosures did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting&#8212;Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). The standard
requires incremental disclosures related to reportable segments, including disaggregated expense information and the title and position
of the company&#8217;s chief operating decision maker (&#8220;CODM&#8221;), as identified for purposes of segment determination. The
ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December
15, 2024. Entities must adopt the changes to the segment reporting guidance on a retrospective basis. The Company adopted the ASU on
January 1, 2024. The additional required disclosures did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, &#8220;Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,&#8221; which requires
disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#8217;s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid.
The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital
allocation decisions. The standard will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption
is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements
and does not expect materials impact to its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02 Codification Improvements &#8211; Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements.
This ASU amends the ASC by removing references to various FASB Concepts Statements to simplify the ASC and draw a distinction between
authoritative and non-authoritative literature. The amendments in this update apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the
affected accounting guidance and are effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption
is permitted in any interim or annual period in which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company is in the process of
assessing the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. This ASU
requires disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. ASU 2024-03 is
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2027. ASU 2024-03 should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date
of this ASU or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is in the process of assessing
the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
as mentioned above, the Group does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted,
would have a material effect on the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and cash flows.</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_85A_zYWsAc2X99d3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000931" name="us-gaap:AccountsAndNontradeReceivableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--AccountsAndNontradeReceivableTextBlock_z18QcBdnpXr2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>3</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_82E_zDX8cxxsNk22">Account receivable, net</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000933" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock_zS8yBOnTGJHd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;<span id="xdx_8B8_zMqvCdYGzQyb">Schedule of account receivable</span></b></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20241231_z8fAG7sXdebg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_iI_maARNCzEzC_z2BnUg33Qiyh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accounts
    receivable</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000935" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">99,966</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000936" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">75,536</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_iI_uUSD_maARNCzEzC_c20241231_zydo9gfpMBNc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000937" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">55,529</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iNI_di_msARNCzEzC_z1oZCDimlKt4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less:
    allowance for current expected credit loss</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000939" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">49,147</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000940" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">49,147</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iNI_di_uUSD_msARNCzEzC_c20241231_zeZZTi3faTh4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000941" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">36,130</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_iTI_mtARNCzEzC_zY2x3ZPFw0g1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    accounts receivable</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000943" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">50,819</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000944" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">26,389</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_iTI_uUSD_mtARNCzEzC_c20241231_zftsRyKGiQgb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000945" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">19,399</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AC_zJkYC5ERlcR4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000947" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock_z4LlSpERGn2d" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Movement
of allowance for current expected credit loss are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_zSBr3AIjLd19" style="display: none">Schedule
of allowance doubtful accounts</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230101__20231231_z18YUhpXMir4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_iS_z0fliIJcjBrb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Allowance
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000953" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">8,780</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000954" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">28,409</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zLtw9bTmMmVg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000955" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">21,545</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000958" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">49,147</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A1_zl9cjHPLxj45" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 133; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->16<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000961" name="CUPR:ContractAssetsTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80A_ecustom--ContractAssetsTextBlock_zR5OaGaVJaA7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_825_zUjBMiNUal3c">Contract assets</span></b></span></p>




<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000963" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_zb30rqyA4fx2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_z6K6OeIPOISa" style="display: none">Schedule
of contract assets</span></b></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress_iN_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z9G1yLgUUYa4" title="Less: progress billings" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0978">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A7_zhz6elSIhvo" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000985" name="us-gaap:OtherCurrentAssetsTextBlock"><p id="xdx_800_eus-gaap--OtherCurrentAssetsTextBlock_zn4XxqjJvl62" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>5</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_82F_zVaHnu767m5l">Other current assets</span></b></span></p>




<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000987" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock_zsyGntyjINIa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b><span id="xdx_8B5_zjjKbsrVEQM4" style="display: none">Schedule
of other current assets</span></span></p>

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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000990" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">79,727</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AB_zu4HplqJZHCi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001008" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_803_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_zGRpIDnn3ZXb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>6</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_827_ztdzz73ySd1l">Property and equipment, net</span></b></span></p>




<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001010" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfPublicUtilityPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock"><p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfPublicUtilityPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zEDSK170fi4c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b><span id="xdx_8B3_zYKjxuxtk1zi" style="display: none">Schedule
of property and equipment</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--ComputerEquipmentMember_z12RlxYeywhk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember" id="Fact001012" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">17,793</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember" id="Fact001013" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">17,793</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesMember_zYptDEFcLMug" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Furniture
    and Fittings</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" id="Fact001017" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">36,038</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" id="Fact001018" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">57,272</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_maPPAENzvW9_zhRtK9q0pkDj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001033" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">207,260</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001038" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">149,195</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact001042" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">78,366</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001043" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">58,065</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zmQA00pJcFY1" title="Net book value" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001045" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">42,685</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AD_zrtf9Ssl7Eyd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depreciation
expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024 was S$<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--Depreciation_c20220101__20221231_zE8dUbV60847" title="Depreciation expense"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Depreciation" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact001047" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">29,088</ix:nonFraction></span>, S$<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--Depreciation_c20240101__20241231_zmzuyPUagEXg" title="Depreciation expense"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Depreciation" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001049" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">35,059</ix:nonFraction></span>
and S$<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--Depreciation_c20230101__20231231_zl9qivwbWz3d" title="Depreciation expense"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Depreciation" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact001051" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">42,185</ix:nonFraction></span>
(US$<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--Depreciation_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z04sFbiWS097" title="Depreciation expense"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Depreciation" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001053" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">31,012</ix:nonFraction></span>)
respectively, out of which S$<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation_c20220101__20221231_zRqdv3ZZthY6" title="Cost of revenue"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact001055" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,932</ix:nonFraction></span>, S$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation_c20240101__20241231_zMmohssIN8aj" title="Cost of revenue"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001057" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">8,064</ix:nonFraction></span>
and S$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation_c20230101__20231231_z13AZtgKZ3xb" title="Cost of revenue"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact001059" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">10,499</ix:nonFraction></span>
(US$<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zAvmrw3chXsi" title="Cost of revenue"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001061" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">7,718</ix:nonFraction></span>)
of the depreciation expense was recognized in the cost of revenue.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 134; Value: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001063" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsDisclosureTextBlock_zrfEtKlQdiS8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>7</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_827_zOoNi319lQhf">Investments at equity</span></b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Biotherapeutic
Solutions Sdn. Bhd. (&#8220;BSSB&#8221;) &#8211; Malaysia</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company owned a <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20220707__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_zq0YxkAZTJSa" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-07_custom_BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember" id="Fact001065" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">50</ix:nonFraction></span>% interest in Cuprina GHHS LLP, a joint arrangement which was established on July 7, 2022 with GHHS Healthcare Management
Sdn, Bhd (&#8220;GHHS&#8221;). This joint arrangement was principally engaged in wound management services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subsequently,
on February 1, 2023, the joint arrangement has ceased operations following the incorporation and replacement from the new joint venture
entity, namely Biotherapeutic Solutions Sdn. Bhd. of which the Company owned a <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230201__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_z5RBw0MWCvql" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" contextRef="AsOf2023-02-01_custom_BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember" id="Fact001067" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">40</ix:nonFraction></span>% equity interest under the new agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
July 11, 2023, the joint venture agreement has been terminated with an immediate effect following the mutual agreement from both parties
and the joint venture entity has been closed down accordingly. The parties have agreed that any residual net assets or liabilities from
the joint venture entity belong to GHHS.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Cuprina
MENA Co., Ltd. (&#8220;Cuprina MENA&#8221;)&#8211; Saudi Arabia</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, the Company owned a <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zI2jPdCmvgBf" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember" id="Fact001069" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">49</ix:nonFraction></span>% equity interest in Cuprina MENA Co., Ltd., an associate which was incorporated on May 21,
2023 with New Future Medical Services Company. This associate is principally engaged in the supply of medical devices and the operation
of medical laboratories and supporting medical services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001071" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock"><p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_z6QP6ZhhfoH4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Summarized
financial information of the joint venture and associate are set out below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BD_z1Lq1YdqCXdi" style="display: none">Schedule
of financial information of the joint venture and associate</span></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_434_c20231231_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_iI_zQpvVfNsVYic" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember" id="Fact001098" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">17,580</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_JointVentureAndAssociateMember" id="Fact001099" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">17,580</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43C_c20231231_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iI_zhDUyOug2R83" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Current
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember" id="Fact001102" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">35,274</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_JointVentureAndAssociateMember" id="Fact001103" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">35,274</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
    the year ended December 31, 2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43B_c20230101__20231231_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_z0kgRmITkaA5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    loss</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember" id="Fact001105" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">15,780</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember" id="Fact001106" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">52,854</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_JointVentureAndAssociateMember" id="Fact001107" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">68,364</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43F_c20230101__20231231_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_zqprdBCDB9r6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember" id="Fact001109" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">7,890</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember" id="Fact001110" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">25,898</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_JointVentureAndAssociateMember" id="Fact001111" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">33,788</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_zGATOCOk4Sd3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BC_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zwwaGQCO2PC3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zNwiPO8dZQPc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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  <tr id="xdx_438_c20241231_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iI_zGOVSMSZ4bj3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1125">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember" id="Fact001126" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">105,981</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_JointVentureAndAssociateMember" id="Fact001127" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">105,981</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zkjQhJjQiBl3" title="Net loss" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_JointVentureAndAssociateMember" id="Fact001129" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">77,910</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_437_c20240101__20241231_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_z41ZnnfK41v7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_JointVentureAndAssociateMember" id="Fact001133" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="SGD">51,931</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_z6j01TvBrrgh" title="Net loss attributable to the Company" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_JointVentureAndAssociateMember" id="Fact001135" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">38,176</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"></p>

</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001137" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_z4ejhHNpBB15" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>8</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_826_zc2xExE0rOmd">Leases</span></b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company determines if a contract contains a lease at inception. US GAAP requires that the Company&#8217;s leases be evaluated and classified
as operating or finance leases for financial reporting purposes. The classification evaluation begins at the commencement date and the
lease term used in the evaluation includes the non-cancellable period for which the Company has the right to use the underlying asset,
together with renewal option periods when the exercise of the renewal option is reasonably certain and failure to exercise such option
which results in an economic penalty.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has two office premises operating lease agreements with lease terms of <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20241231_zOlpL9vIFMol" title="Operating lease term"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" id="Fact001139" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract">three years</ix:nonNumeric></span>, respectively. The Company&#8217;s lease agreements
do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-02, no right-of-use
(&#8220;ROU&#8221;) assets nor lease liability was recorded for the lease with a lease term of one year or less.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001141" name="CUPR:ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89E_ecustom--ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock_z6Ig9Iu4QPKb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, the Company had the following non-cancellable operating lease contracts:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BB_znWF0ydD6nPk" style="display: none">Schedule of non-cancellable operating lease contracts</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description
    of lease</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Lease
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office
    premise &#8211; Block 1090</span></td>
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    years</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office
    premise &#8211; Block 1092</span></td>
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    years </span></td></tr>
  </table>
</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AF_z69KHSWZwbr4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001146" name="CUPR:ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89B_ecustom--ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock_z1yaEGqXVYf3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)	</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets:</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BB_z7lszWtq3Gch"><span id="xdx_8B8_z4jNjE92UGVd" style="display: none">Schedule of amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets</span></span></p>

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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-style: italic; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A0_znQsJhjOfByl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AB_zrCCVe8jIRw3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 136; Value: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001185" name="CUPR:ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_893_ecustom--ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock_z6Uxksi8G2o9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:</span></p>




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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 40%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
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    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    flows from finance lease</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1193">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1194">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--FinanceLeasePayments_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zwZI5a31QkV6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1195">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A7_zbMVVpwv14ni" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Lease
Commitment</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001197" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_892_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zZMjmW6mj7Jc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Future
minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements as of December 31, 2024 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BB_zjq2BB2II8P3" style="display: none">Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Minimum
    lease payment</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Twelve
    months ending December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2025</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_iI_maS1_c20241231_zP2Qb5yyGU28" title="2025" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001199" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">36,421</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_iI_uUSD_maU1_c20241231_zrkLivZpz44b" title="2025" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001201" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">26,775</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    future minimum lease payments</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_mtS1_c20241231_zj5r7Lt6hKGf" title="Total future minimum lease payments" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001203" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">36,421</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_uUSD_mtU1_c20241231_zf9m0ugov9Gj" title="Total future minimum lease payments" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001205" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">26,775</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less
    imputed interest</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_di_c20241231_zMLKe84BF90g" title="Less imputed interest" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001207" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">609</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zKjqT5x7M8Yh" title="Less imputed interest" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001209" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">448</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Present
    value of operating lease liabilities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_c20241231_zeGGF3kmNTNi" title="Present value of operating lease liabilities" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001211" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">35,812</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zWErtFB28s5h" title="Present value of operating lease liabilities" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001213" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">26,327</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less:
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iNI_di_c20241231_z1aN9Db0K5sl" title="Less: current portion" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001215" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">35,812</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_znGwz4x8RpJg" title="Less: current portion" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001217" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">26,327</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Long-term
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zyq413xgWIK7" title="Long-term portion" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1221">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A6_zhUvIKbP9G01" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001223" name="CUPR:ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease"><p id="xdx_891_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease_zJsDU8cMUP88" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following summarizes other supplemental information about the Company&#8217;s lease as of December 31:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BC_znlZV3RSTV7b" style="display: none">Schedule
of other supplemental information about lease</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
    leases</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231231_zrStFG3rs6ec" title="Weighted average discount rate - operating leases"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact001225" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">5.25</ix:nonFraction></span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231_z96JfGz13Zqh" title="Weighted average discount rate - operating leases"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001227" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">5.25</ix:nonFraction></span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted
    average remaining lease term</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
    leases</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dc_c20231231_zGlVlMxWdaSd" title="Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" id="Fact001229" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1">1
                                            year 9 months</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtM_c20241231_zoaAM95kCUVl" title="Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" format="ixt-sec:durmonth" id="Fact001231" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1">9</ix:nonNumeric></span>
                                            months</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A2_zMOovAA4dLu5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 137; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->20<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001233" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock"><p id="xdx_809_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock_zhFwUATWpdyh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>9</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_82D_zeuis6VW7eW9">Accruals and other current liabilities</span></b></span></p>




<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001235" name="CUPR:AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89F_ecustom--AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zYDMMpy8fuYj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span><span id="xdx_8B5_zsDS7Tvuaq5j" style="display: none">Schedule of accruals and other current liabilities</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20241231_z9wu00Az0KPb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_maAPCzt6k_zqUqU6oGIqIj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001238" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">82</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableOtherCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact001242" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">375,151</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableOtherCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001243" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">323,889</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableOtherCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zmd4k6G5H3z" title="Other payables" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableOtherCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001245" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">238,101</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_z3pk7tpoJyWd" title="Total" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001250" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">238,161</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A6_zcE027bPRyf6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001252" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_zgAGIOLLb6W" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>10</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_822_z89xE7RDylZf">Equity</span></b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Ordinary
shares</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on September 22, 2023. The original authorized share capital of the Company
was US$<span id="xdx_907_esrt--StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zYzSR8sknK1l" title="Authorized share capital"><ix:nonFraction name="srt:StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001254" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">50,000</ix:nonFraction></span> divided into <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_zLPijaX3nkAe" title="Ordinary shares, shares authorized"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" id="Fact001256" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">25,000,000</ix:nonFraction></span> Class A Ordinary Shares and <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zdC2qdk3SLh" title="Ordinary shares, shares authorized"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact001258" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">25,000,000</ix:nonFraction></span> Class B Ordinary Shares, par value US$<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_uUSDPShares_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_zQLaomGUcVUj" title="Ordinary shares, par value"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_uUSDPShares_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zTk3b1QC88Wa" title="Ordinary shares, par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" id="Fact001260" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact001262" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.001</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> per share. Holders
of Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. Each holder of our
Class A Ordinary Share is entitled to one vote per share. Each holder of our Class B Ordinary Share is entitled to 10 votes per share.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company issued <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_zXwmAqDEHUR8" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_zZscoAbNBL06" title="Ordinary shares, shares outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" id="Fact001264" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" id="Fact001266" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">3,915,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> Class A Ordinary Shares and <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zgqa7eOGWfs4" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zehEMPVILtC2" title="Ordinary shares, shares outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact001268" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact001270" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">14,085,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> Class B Ordinary Shares, which were outstanding as of December 31, 2023
and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001272" name="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_801_eus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_zCNczhrsNxTi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>11</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_824_zVpHljgERqpc">Related party transactions and balances</span></b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001274" name="CUPR:ScheduleOfMajorRelatedPartiesAndTheirRelationshipsWithTheCompany"><p id="xdx_899_ecustom--ScheduleOfMajorRelatedPartiesAndTheirRelationshipsWithTheCompany_zqp3afNxoQA5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span><span id="xdx_8BF_ziR43lmZvOzh" style="display: none">Schedule of major related parties and their relationships with the company</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name
    of related parties</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Relationship
    with the Company</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
    Farm Sdn. Bhd.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_z0pwWKm2cnTc" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_z1URS5F4bnc4" title="Relationships with the company"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember" id="Fact001276" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember" id="Fact001278" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships">Related
    Company</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
    Pollination Pte. Ltd.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Company</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pestoniks
    Innovations Pte. Ltd.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_zzOZLnhg0t51" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_z6lY6srrEkaa" title="Relationships with the company"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember" id="Fact001284" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember" id="Fact001286" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships">Related
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
    Holding Pte. Ltd. </span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jimmy
    Lee Peng Siew</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zpBq0ZgMKO4i" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zFOhoKOnVas5" title="Relationships with the company"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_JimmyLeePengSiewMember" id="Fact001296" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_JimmyLeePengSiewMember" id="Fact001298" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships">Shareholder</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Baptista
    Carl Marc</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David
    Quek Yong Qi </span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Bryan
    Teo Yingjie</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zJUkF7W9bJbf" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zWJMj3CepeFd" title="Relationships with the company"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_BryanTeoYingjieMember" id="Fact001308" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_BryanTeoYingjieMember" id="Fact001310" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships">Shareholder</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rachel
    Lee Lin</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zwwZB3jZWy21" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zS8RGm0qAfQe" title="Relationships with the company"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_RachelLeeLinMember" id="Fact001312" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_RachelLeeLinMember" id="Fact001314" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships">Shareholder</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dorea
    Quek En Qi</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_z6FD9fRjdc5j" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zw5ZQ2Sxoi7l" title="Relationships with the company"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_DoreaQuekEnQiMember" id="Fact001316" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_DoreaQuekEnQiMember" id="Fact001318" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships">Shareholder</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">De
    Guzman Caroline Francesca Lee Ling</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zBg4bH4Ex9B" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zqi0O959p9Sk" title="Relationships with the company"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember" id="Fact001320" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember" id="Fact001322" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships">Shareholder</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Teo
    Peng Kwang</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zhZbu2ostws" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zf2nncnJF9R5" title="Relationships with the company"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_TeoPengKwangMember" id="Fact001324" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_TeoPengKwangMember" id="Fact001326" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships">Shareholder</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iCapital
    Holdings (SG) Pte. Ltd.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zVDbKsdcENUf" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zQiCaDsh6nu8" title="Relationships with the company"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember" id="Fact001328" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember" id="Fact001330" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships">Shareholder</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ng
    Bee Poh</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NgBeePohMember_zgo2e6EKZTg3" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NgBeePohMember_zSTGbP81t0Wf" title="Relationships with the company"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_NgBeePohMember" id="Fact001332" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_NgBeePohMember" id="Fact001334" name="us-gaap:NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships">Immediate
    family member of a shareholder</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span></span></td></tr>
  </table>
</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AD_zE9fN7wmfbj7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Amount
due from related companies</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company gave advances to Cuprina Pollination Pte. Ltd. for working capital purposes. The receivable balance due from Cuprina Pollination
Pte. Ltd. were S$<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_z3tandl4wwsi" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember" id="Fact001336" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">96,971</ix:nonFraction></span> and S$<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_zjFX4WcOULBa" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember" id="Fact001338" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">14,521</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_zRAq3mkqu6Wg" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember" id="Fact001340" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">10,675</ix:nonFraction></span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest free, unsecured,
and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company gave advances to Pestoniks Innovations Pte. Ltd. for working capital purposes. The receivable balance due from Pestoniks Innovations
Pte. Ltd. were S$<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_zOdUjQyuFFDl" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember" id="Fact001342" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">61,170</ix:nonFraction></span> and S$<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_zvUJ7uVxAw43" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember" id="Fact001344" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">61,170</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_zxNvALRCWo0a" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember" id="Fact001346" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">44,968</ix:nonFraction></span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest free, unsecured,
and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 138; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->21<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
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    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Amount
due from an associate</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company gave advances to Cuprina MENA Co., Ltd. for working capital purposes. The receivable balance due from Cuprina MENA Co., Ltd.
was S$<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zRgjNAljJCz5" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember22643484" id="Fact001348" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">92,298</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_z1MQEca6M5ge" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember22643484" id="Fact001350" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">67,851</ix:nonFraction></span>) as of December 31, 2024. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Amount
due from shareholders</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
receivable balances due from Bryan Teo Yingjie were S$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zg0eUwY823V3" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_BryanTeoYingjieMember" id="Fact001352" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">605</ix:nonFraction></span> and S$<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_z2CYWqCPXru3" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_BryanTeoYingjieMember" id="Fact001354" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">605</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_z2Xi5vy5iKza" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_BryanTeoYingjieMember" id="Fact001356" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">445</ix:nonFraction></span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, and related
to the outstanding share subscription with regards to the <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zV56lF4yAlIj" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_BryanTeoYingjieMember" id="Fact001358" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">450</ix:nonFraction></span> ordinary shares issued with <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zoXTXtLaCYEd" title="Ordinary shares, par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_BryanTeoYingjieMember" id="Fact001360" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="SGDPShares">no</ix:nonFraction></span> par value in Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited
prior to the Reorganization. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
receivable balances due from Rachel Lee Lin were S$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zISAkAfOWMn1" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_RachelLeeLinMember" id="Fact001362" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">605</ix:nonFraction></span> and S$<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zhgP54Fol295" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_RachelLeeLinMember" id="Fact001364" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">605</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zUzDAo7LnNNb" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_RachelLeeLinMember" id="Fact001366" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">445</ix:nonFraction></span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, and related
to the outstanding share subscription with regards to the <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zFnyTVmvRV1i" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_RachelLeeLinMember" id="Fact001368" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">450</ix:nonFraction></span> ordinary shares issued with <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_znq3IJKstf5i" title="Ordinary shares, par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_RachelLeeLinMember" id="Fact001370" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="SGDPShares">no</ix:nonFraction></span> par value in Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited
prior to the Reorganization. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
receivable balances due from Dorea Quek En Qi were S$<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_ztsy7UM61uOk" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_DoreaQuekEnQiMember" id="Fact001372" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">605</ix:nonFraction></span> and S$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zOzH0YXpKyn5" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_DoreaQuekEnQiMember" id="Fact001374" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">605</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zKx7OH4oI5hb" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_DoreaQuekEnQiMember" id="Fact001376" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">445</ix:nonFraction></span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, and related
to the outstanding share subscription with regards to the <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_z56uLncJhbyj" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_DoreaQuekEnQiMember" id="Fact001378" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">450</ix:nonFraction></span> ordinary shares issued with <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zZSyPV89vQQg" title="Ordinary shares, par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_DoreaQuekEnQiMember" id="Fact001380" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="SGDPShares">no</ix:nonFraction></span> par value in Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited
prior to the Reorganization. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
receivable balances due from De Guzman Caroline Francesca Lee Ling were S$<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zNtDtIyXXN3c" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember" id="Fact001382" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">605</ix:nonFraction></span> and S$<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_z1nHyqF07J6h" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember" id="Fact001384" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">605</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zuRh4NZ1W5y2" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember" id="Fact001386" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">445</ix:nonFraction></span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively,
and related to the outstanding share subscription with regards to the <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zAER9EcdotDj" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember" id="Fact001388" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">450</ix:nonFraction></span> ordinary shares issued with <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zDIuNaouv5W7" title="Ordinary shares, par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember" id="Fact001390" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="SGDPShares">no</ix:nonFraction></span> par value in Cuprina Holdings
(BVI) Limited prior to the Reorganization. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
receivable balances due from iCapital Holdings (SG) Pte. Ltd. were S$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zTgpOU4wAtxb" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember" id="Fact001392" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">505</ix:nonFraction></span> and S$<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zCCvJf5DIq6g" title="Amount from due receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember" id="Fact001394" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">505</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zJtxomysZdud" title="Amount due from receivables balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember" id="Fact001396" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">371</ix:nonFraction></span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively,
and related to the outstanding share subscription with regards to the <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zO0KHekm8YEi" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember" id="Fact001398" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">375</ix:nonFraction></span> ordinary shares issued with <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zCmliSeWeO25" title="Ordinary shares, par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember" id="Fact001400" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="SGDPShares">no</ix:nonFraction></span> par value in Cuprina Holdings
(BVI) Limited prior to the Reorganization. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Amount
due to related company</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
payable balance due to Cuprina Farm Sdn. Bhd, was S$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_zctgnpPcBTq1" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember" id="Fact001402" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">4,134</ix:nonFraction></span> and S$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_zwlWq1Swk3lk" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember" id="Fact001404" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">4,134</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_zbW4mL8l3oQ1" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember" id="Fact001406" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">3,039</ix:nonFraction></span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, and
related to the over-settlement for the receivable balance due from Cuprina Farm Sdn. Bhd. previously. This was due to the strengthening
of the Malaysian Ringgit (&#8220;MYR&#8221;) relative to the Singapore Dollar (&#8220;SGD&#8221;) as the balances was denominated in
MYR. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Amount
due to associate</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
payable balance due to Cuprina MENA Co., Ltd was S$<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zoL6NfLmvF8" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember" id="Fact001408" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">25,898</ix:nonFraction></span> as of December 31, 2023, and related to the outstanding share subscription
with regard to the <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zWJ4TD1lb005" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zuYBYFRbpHN1" title="Ordinary shares, shares outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember" id="Fact001410" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember" id="Fact001412" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">49,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> ordinary shares issued in Cuprina MENA Co., Ltd. and sharing for outstanding working capital as of December
31, 2023. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Amount
due to shareholders</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
shareholder, Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd. gave advances to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to Cuprina
Holding Pte. Ltd. was S$<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_zLploRkRciUl" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember" id="Fact001414" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">2,931,765</ix:nonFraction></span> and S$<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_zsVBusT1LZxk" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember" id="Fact001416" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">2,931,765</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_ztjFSYMsYNRe" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember" id="Fact001418" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">2,155,234</ix:nonFraction></span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest
free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">One
of the ultimate individual shareholders, Jimmy Lee Peng Siew gave advances to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balances
due to Jimmy Lee Peng Siew were S$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zwlMkAuCmmu" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_JimmyLeePengSiewMember" id="Fact001420" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">986,860</ix:nonFraction></span> and S$<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zVu7C2XVTGLi" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_JimmyLeePengSiewMember" id="Fact001422" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,451,629</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zNS8mR2Em0sj" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_JimmyLeePengSiewMember" id="Fact001424" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,067,139</ix:nonFraction></span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Out of the total
payable balances, S$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20250630__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zCrP2PzJBWC7" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2025-06-30_custom_JimmyLeePengSiewMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001426" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">986,860</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20250630__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z5iczpR0yQfl" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2025-06-30_custom_JimmyLeePengSiewMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001428" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">725,472</ix:nonFraction></span>) is unsecured, due by June 30, 2025 or upon completion of IPO, whichever is earlier, and carries
an interest of 6.0%. The remaining balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David
Quek Yong Qi gave an advance to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to David Quek Yong Qi were S$<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_z3dqzDDLtK1j" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_DavidQuekYongQiMember" id="Fact001430" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">18,596</ix:nonFraction></span>
and S$<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_zkZVoSOuX3dc" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_DavidQuekYongQiMember" id="Fact001432" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">237,618</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_zO0RHreEr3tc" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_DavidQuekYongQiMember" id="Fact001434" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">174,681</ix:nonFraction></span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand
without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Bryan
Teo Yingjie gave an advance to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to Bryan Teo Yingjie were S$<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_ziVdmUy1ERh4" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_BryanTeoYingjieMember" id="Fact001436" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">7,997</ix:nonFraction></span> and
S$<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_z2ta7DwiLoHf" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_BryanTeoYingjieMember" id="Fact001438" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">105,979</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zMv45xCs93x6" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_BryanTeoYingjieMember" id="Fact001440" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">77,909</ix:nonFraction></span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without
an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rachel
Lee Lin gave an advance to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to Rachel Lee Lin were S$<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_z4IuuF5Owwz" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_RachelLeeLinMember" id="Fact001442" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">10,476</ix:nonFraction></span> and S$<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zoFLLJtwfP59" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_RachelLeeLinMember" id="Fact001444" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">67,654</ix:nonFraction></span>
(US$<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zhLFoetwJqR5" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_RachelLeeLinMember" id="Fact001446" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">49,735</ix:nonFraction></span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dorea
Quek En Qi gave an advance to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to Dorea Quek En Qi was S$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zhf6Z2q2kEB6" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_DoreaQuekEnQiMember" id="Fact001448" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">6,395</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zURwpzrlPWd1" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_DoreaQuekEnQiMember" id="Fact001450" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">4,701</ix:nonFraction></span>)
as of December 31, 2024. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Teo
Peng Kwang gave an advance to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to Teo Peng Kwang was S$<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zQ6Q89iyEvF5" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_TeoPengKwangMember" id="Fact001452" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">620,822</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zTlTYx4vpfQa" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_TeoPengKwangMember" id="Fact001454" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">456,386</ix:nonFraction></span>)
as of December 31, 2024. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ng
Bee Poh, an immediate family member for one of the shareholders, David Quek Yong Qi gave an advance to the Company for working capital
purposes. The payable balance due to Ng Bee Poh was S$<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NgBeePohMember_zC67gRQoswR6" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_NgBeePohMember" id="Fact001456" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">200,000</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NgBeePohMember_z5AntDf4Xalc" title="Amount due to payable balance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_NgBeePohMember" id="Fact001458" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">147,026</ix:nonFraction></span>) as of December 31, 2024. Such balance is interest free, unsecured,
and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>
<!-- Field: Split-Segment; Name: 001 -->
</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001460" name="us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zJbBFhsKj1Lh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>12</b></span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_82A_zZ3KCdsDeXxj">Bank
  loans</span></b></span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has a <b style="display: none"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240101__20241231_zP9tlLaQ1kc3" title="Debt instrument term"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact001462" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm">5</ix:nonNumeric></span></b> five-year S$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--UnsecuredDebt_iI_c20241231_zP2HGalNCJsb" title="Unsecured debt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:UnsecuredDebt" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001464" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">100,000</ix:nonFraction></span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">unsecured
fixed rate bank loan which expires in <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231_zAgbDo4orOQ3" title="Debt instrument maturity date"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001466" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription">January
2026</ix:nonNumeric></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">. The bank loan carries an interest rate
of <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231_zxGfPsTXuqve" title="Interest rate"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001468" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">2.5</ix:nonFraction></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%
per annum.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2024, the Company has secured another <b style="display: none"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20241101__20241130_zCWCnpsMCuLj" title="Debt instrument term"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-11-012024-11-30" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact001470" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm">5</ix:nonNumeric></span></b> five-year S$<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--UnsecuredDebt_iI_c20241130_zYXvV6t8GhW4" title="Unsecured debt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:UnsecuredDebt" contextRef="AsOf2024-11-30" id="Fact001472" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">200,000</ix:nonFraction></span> unsecured fixed rate bank loan which expires in <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20241101__20241130_zYDIBvpJZ8o6" title="Debt instrument maturity date"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-11-012024-11-30" id="Fact001474" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription">November
2029</ix:nonNumeric></span>. The bank loan carries an interest rate of <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease_pid_dp_uPure_c20241101__20241130_zFcZFx4a67U3" title="Interest rate"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease" contextRef="From2024-11-012024-11-30" id="Fact001476" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">8.0</ix:nonFraction></span>% per annum.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
December 31, 2023 and 2024, the carrying amount of the bank loans were S$<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount_iI_c20231231_zgI04UBlp303" title="Bank loan carrying amount"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact001478" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">42,550</ix:nonFraction></span>
and S$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount_iI_c20241231_zH2i2FGeAvc1" title="Bank loan carrying amount"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001480" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">218,978</ix:nonFraction></span>
(US$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zH1T8pZ4n5U8" title="Bank loan carrying amount"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001482" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">160,978</ix:nonFraction></span>),
respectively. <span style="background-color: white">Interest expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024 are
S$<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20220101__20221231_zJDR1gkOvGBl" title="Interest expenses"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InterestExpense" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact001484" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,842</ix:nonFraction></span>, S$<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20230101__20231231_zT1VkMkwKZZ7" title="Interest expenses"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InterestExpense" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact001486" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">727</ix:nonFraction></span> and
S$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20240101__20241231_zXYcGjh7Y4Hh" title="Interest expenses"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InterestExpense" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001488" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">1,783</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zwoWSpHBI4ph" title="Interest expenses"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InterestExpense" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001490" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,311</ix:nonFraction></span>),
respectively. </span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001492" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLongTermDebtTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLongTermDebtTableTextBlock_z1N4ge4m11p" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The
maturities schedule is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B7_zmpZWHlStuS" style="display: none">Schedule of maturities</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 85%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Maturities
    schedule</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"/><td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>S$</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>US$</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold">Year
    ending December 31,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2025</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_iI_macxiv_c20241231_z6lP4hOtx1z2" title="2025" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001494" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">55,250</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zyphr5bok1o6" title="2025" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001496" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">40,616</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2026</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zp5sV4EVolpl" title="2026" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001498" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">37,556</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zh0VeLyM3Mk5" title="2026" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001500" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">27,609</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2027</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zaKvvWiDzNT4" title="2027" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001502" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">40,022</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zig4O6fVqCAi" title="2027" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001504" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">29,421</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2028</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zva6XrAfjrM" title="2028" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001506" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">43,344</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zC8DALpF3Hoh" title="2028" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001508" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">31,864</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2029</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zP3uWLOn6Sg8" title="2029" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001510" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">42,806</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zuG7ZpsS1j1" title="2029" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001512" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">31,468</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iTI_mtcxiv_c20241231_z8CzofeNluhc" title="Total" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebt" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001514" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">218,978</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iTI_uUSD_mtcxiv_c20241231_zEIOlKOGzUzc" title="Total" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebt" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001516" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">160,978</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less:
    current portion</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_c20241231_zlVKjEkoxwXd" title="Current portion" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001518" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">55,250</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zK3rTOh1diDi" title="Current portion" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001520" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">40,616</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Long-term
    portion</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtNoncurrent_iI_c20241231_zVEig9Kr8YW7" title="Long-term portion" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001522" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">163,728</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtNoncurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zkdiYQK4lHY2" title="Long-term portion" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001524" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">120,362</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A0_zXvDczPIJer5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001526" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_807_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_zj0SSrdLCNn6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>13</b></span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_824_zju551J4DSch">Income
  taxes</span></b></span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">Cayman
Islands and BVIs</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company and its subsidiaries are domiciled in the Cayman Islands and British Virgin Islands. The locality currently enjoys permanent
income tax holidays; accordingly, the Company does not accrue for income taxes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">Singapore</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
Pte. Ltd. is incorporated in Singapore and is subject to Singapore Corporate Tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial
statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Singapore tax laws. The applicable tax rate is <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember_z1BmK0JNplTj" title="Statutory income tax rate"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember" id="Fact001528" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">17</ix:nonFraction></span>% in Singapore, with <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zPrzzw9xPDb3" title="Statutory income tax rate"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember_srt_MinimumMember" id="Fact001530" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">75</ix:nonFraction></span>% of the first
S$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate_uSGD_c20240101__20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember_zf9eH1lzR7i" title="Profit tax rates"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember_srt_MinimumMember" id="Fact001532" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">10,000</ix:nonFraction></span> taxable income and <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zqtNeVjZun6h" title="Statutory income tax rate"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember_srt_MaximumMember" id="Fact001534" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">50</ix:nonFraction></span>% of the next S$<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate_uSGD_c20240101__20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember_zUJLsTZY3tC1" title="Profit tax rates"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember_srt_MaximumMember" id="Fact001536" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">190,000</ix:nonFraction></span> taxable income exempted from income tax.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">Malaysia
</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., the subsidiary, is subject to Malaysia Corporate tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial
statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Malaysia tax laws. The standard corporate income tax rate in Malaysia is <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY_zZWWnltGC06h" title="Statutory income tax rate"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_MY" id="Fact001538" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">24</ix:nonFraction></span>%. However,
as the subsidiary fulfilled conditions where it has paid-up capital of MYR <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_pn5n6_uMYR_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY_zjvsR9Xq4N62" title="Paid-up capital"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_MY" id="Fact001540" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="MYR">2.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million or less, and gross income from business operations
is not more than MYR <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationDispositionOfBusiness_pn6n6_uMYR_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY_zhYLgxVaMG39" title="Business operations"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationDispositionOfBusiness" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_MY" id="Fact001542" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="MYR">50</ix:nonFraction> </span>million, the tax rate is <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_z57KNaZkvlEi" title="Statutory income tax rate"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_MY_srt_MinimumMember" id="Fact001544" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">17</ix:nonFraction></span>% on the first MYR <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate_uMYR_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY_zx9PIYlbG5N2" title="Profit tax rates"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_MY" id="Fact001546" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="MYR">600,000</ix:nonFraction></span> and <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zzOsgKEoaxK9" title="Statutory income tax rate"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_MY_srt_MaximumMember" id="Fact001548" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">24</ix:nonFraction></span>% on amount exceeding MYR <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate_uMYR_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY_zfjTPBPB6jA" title="Profit tax rates"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_MY" id="Fact001550" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="MYR">600,000</ix:nonFraction></span>. The subsidiary
has no operating profit or tax liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">Hong
Kong</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s subsidiary, Cuprina Hong Kong Limited, is considered a Hong Kong tax resident enterprise under Hong Kong tax laws; accordingly,
it is subject to enterprise income tax on its taxable income as determined under Hong Kong tax laws and accounting standards at a statutory
tax rate of<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueHongKongMember_zZP8bMe7zyMf" title="Statutory income tax rate"> <ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_InlandRevenueHongKongMember" id="Fact001552" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">16.5</ix:nonFraction></span>%.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 141; Value: 23 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->24<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">China,
PRC</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s subsidiary, Cuprina (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., is considered a China tax resident enterprise under China tax
laws; accordingly, it is subject to enterprise income tax on its taxable income as determined under China tax laws and accounting
standards at a statutory tax rate of <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--StateAdministrationOfTaxationChinaMember_zhVhxTT7O55l" title="Statutory income tax rate"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_StateAdministrationOfTaxationChinaMember" id="Fact001554" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">25</ix:nonFraction></span>%.
The subsidiary has no operating profit or tax liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">United
States</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s subsidiary, Cuprina United States Inc., is domiciled in the United States; accordingly, it is subject to corporate
income tax on its taxable income as determined under United States tax laws at a federal tax rate of <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember_z9sZHl2LfvEk" title="Statutory income tax rate"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember" id="Fact001556" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">21</ix:nonFraction></span>%
and state tax rate range from <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zZJTSIyep4n6" title="Statutory income tax rate"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember_srt_MinimumMember" id="Fact001558" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">1</ix:nonFraction></span>%
to <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zdGaGeOLUCQ7" title="Statutory income tax rate"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember_srt_MaximumMember" id="Fact001560" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">12</ix:nonFraction></span>%.
The subsidiary has no operating profit or tax liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001562" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_zvpmLq1ODSDd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Significant
components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BF_zIy26khAx1gi" style="display: none">Schedule
of significant
components of the provision for income taxes</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Years Ended December 31,</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><b>2022</b></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b>S$</b></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Income
    tax expense is comprised of the following:</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 11%"/>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Current</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20220101__20221231_zTiaTcb3nLW" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1563">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20230101__20231231_zXTusR9gTxA" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1564">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20240101__20241231_zuOFgNwd58ni" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1565">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z4amMXYpSY7a" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1566">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20220101__20221231_zeAH9DSGIla" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1567">-</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20230101__20231231_zH9sXUlyiDv1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1568">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20240101__20241231_zSMKyyMMgvyf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1569">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zfbmIK3XMRE7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1570">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    income tax expenses</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20220101__20221231_zLvWuB1NlVOd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1571">-</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20230101__20231231_zMBSe4CaTHTk" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1572">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20240101__20241231_zoEbzS0c6iLb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1573">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zS5sdbjpiEia" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1574">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A3_zLp34RTkaacd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001576" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zLJAUtyro0T4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
reconciliation between of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B5_zyIcypoTDQ94" style="display: none">Schedule
of reconciliation between of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Years Ended December 31,</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><b>2022</b></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b>S$</b></td>
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Loss
    before tax</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Effective
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AA_zbVDezcBnTN6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 142; Value: 23 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->25<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Deferred
tax</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001626" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zMSWR09NWPr3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Significant
components of deferred tax were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B7_z2HMRKd2N2Id" style="display: none">Schedule
of deferred tax</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    Ended December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_zjbfFFAUQS0i" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    operating loss carried forward</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact001628" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">3,000,518</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001629" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">4,561,053</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zIDIKh4RsLH4" title="Net operating loss carried forward" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001631" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">3,352,976</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetGross_iI_maDTANzyQX_zpL9fli3xOZ1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred
    tax assets, gross</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:DeferredTaxAssetGross" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact001633" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">501,239</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:DeferredTaxAssetGross" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001634" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">753,680</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zuuTYRgttkBh" title="Deferred tax assets, gross" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:DeferredTaxAssetGross" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001636" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">554,054</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_msDTANzyQX_zw8XsMl5JIj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Valuation
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact001638" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">501,239</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001639" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">753,680</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zVa4sHw1cUN1" title="Valuation allowance" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001641" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">554,054</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsNet_iTI_mtDTANzyQX_zJ7uDBNN9vii" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred
    tax assets, net of valuation allowance</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1643">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1644">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsNet_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zVpHDYa30ldb" title="Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1646">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A6_zyoYskc2Qe6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
tax assets are recognized in the consolidated financial statements only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits
will be available against which the Company can utilize the benefits. The use of these tax losses is subject to the agreement of the
tax authorities and compliance with certain provisions of the tax legislations of the respective countries in which the group companies
operate.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
deferred tax assets not recognized as of December 31, 2023 and 2024 was S$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iI_c20231231_zkY58fdz4mSf" title="Valuation allowance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact001648" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">501,239</ix:nonFraction></span> and S$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iI_c20241231_zKbgLZWDdGU5" title="Valuation allowance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001650" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">753,680</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zMEA4jcVJsbh" title="Valuation allowance"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001652" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">554,054</ix:nonFraction></span>) respectively. The deferred
tax assets not recognized were primarily related to the Company&#8217;s net loss (tax losses) carryforwards, in the judgment of management,
are not more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is
more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax
assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 143; Value: 23 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->26<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001654" name="us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock"><p id="xdx_804_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock_z3hG2saIhPld" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>14</b></span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span><span id="xdx_82B_z0ho2MvytgK9">Other
  income</span></span> </b></span></td></tr>
</table>


<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001656" name="CUPR:OtherExpenseTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_896_ecustom--OtherExpenseTableTextBlock_zd59ysm6nggg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span><span id="xdx_8BF_zTPS907XFQ14" style="display: none">Schedule
of other income</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Years Ended December 31,</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><b>2022</b></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><b>S$</b></td>
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Government
    grants</span></td>
    <td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_989_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_zewO5HrZPtke" title="Government grants" style="text-align: right; width: 11%"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:GovernmentGrants" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact001658" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">51,069</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_zKfIbTg05Jcl" title="Government grants" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:GovernmentGrants" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact001660" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">36,086</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_z2LUfh9G4qha" title="Government grants" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:GovernmentGrants" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001662" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">163,846</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_uUSD_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zZmTdbVlXAP4" title="Government grants" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:GovernmentGrants" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001664" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">120,448</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    /fund transfer rebates</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_989_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_zotUijDsN5E2" title="Cash fund transfer rebates" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:CashFundTransferRebates" contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31" id="Fact001666" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">88</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_zo4Im9Wu4ee2" title="Cash fund transfer rebates" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:CashFundTransferRebates" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact001668" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">3,063</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zTYita1wILe" title="Cash fund transfer rebates" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:CashFundTransferRebates" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001670" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">19</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_uUSD_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zjoYMwfL3Hn6" title="Cash fund transfer rebates" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:CashFundTransferRebates" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001672" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">14</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Usage
    of ISO13485 certified facilities</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_985_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_z4QniMOxPXH2" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1674">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_zZLYNB5HO4o7" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1676">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zyVUUmRpR9P5" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:UsageOfCertifiedFacilities" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001678" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">10,000</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_uUSD_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zVUBqatczMR8" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:UsageOfCertifiedFacilities" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001680" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">7,351</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Disposal asset loss</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Basic
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AC_zr8pc5pydYA3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 144; Value: 23 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->27<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001755" name="us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock_zBYefuWF2YQ" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>16</b></span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_822_zKEwr1ckrOU4">Segment
  information</span></b></span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating
decision maker, or decision-making group in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company evaluates operating
results based on measures of performance, including revenue and profit. The Company currently operates in the following two reporting
segments: Maggot Debridement Therapy Product and Cosmeceutical Product.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
reportable segments consist of Maggot Debridement Therapy Product and Cosmeceutical Product. We determine our operating segments based
on how the Chief Operating Decision Maker (&#8220;CODM&#8221;) manage the business, allocate resources, make operating decisions and
evaluate operating performance. The Company&#8217;s CODM is the Chief Executive Officer. Our CODM reviews financial information presented
on a consolidated basis accompanied by information about revenue and cost of revenue by products type along with gross profit for purposes
of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance, as such we have disclosed segment information up to gross profit for each
reporting segment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
discussed in Note 2, the Company operates in two business segments &#8211; Maggot Debridement Therapy Product, which consists of operations
related to the Company&#8217;s selling of maggot vials to the hospital for their treatment of respective patients; and Cosmeceutical
Product, which consists of operations related to the Company&#8217;s selling of cosmeceutical product to its customer.</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001757" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock"><p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_z74suHNsMP4a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BC_zZpWg2rBgPq" style="display: none">Schedule
of operation of business segments</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AD_zsDNPpP8NrEd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
were no material transactions between reportable segments during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assets
by reportable segment and operating costs by reportable segment are not presented as the Company does not allocate assets to its reportable
segments, nor is such information used by management for purposes of assessing performance or allocating resources.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, substantially all of the Company&#8217;s assets were located in Singapore, and substantially all
of the Company&#8217;s revenue was generated from customers based in Singapore.</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001804" name="us-gaap:CommitmentsDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_809_eus-gaap--CommitmentsDisclosureTextBlock_z14CG2OyMZ6c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>17</b></span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span><span id="xdx_824_zOXHzmIFSUg9">Commitment
  and Contingencies</span></span></b></span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the details on future minimum lease payment under the non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2024, please refer to Note 8
set forth in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company did not have any capital commitments and contingencies.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>


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</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001806" name="us-gaap:SubsequentEventsTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--SubsequentEventsTextBlock_zLYowcI1ovzc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>18</b></span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_82A_z8j4txQv4gZf">Subsequent
  events</span></b></span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has assessed all subsequent events through the date that the consolidated financial statements were issued, there are no further
material subsequent events that require disclosure in these consolidated financial statements other than as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
                                            January 2, 2025, Baptista Carl Marc, one of the ultimate individual shareholders have provided
                                            an advance of which amounted to S$<span id="xdx_904_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_c20250102__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_ztCQpe0AJVDk" title="Working capital"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:WorkingCapital" contextRef="AsOf2025-01-02_custom_BaptistaCarlMarcMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001808" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">200,000</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_905_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20250102__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zVXIiDgYszva" title="Working capital"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:WorkingCapital" contextRef="AsOf2025-01-02_custom_BaptistaCarlMarcMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001810" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">147,026</ix:nonFraction></span>) to the Company for working capital
                                            purpose. Such advance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></td></tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.55in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
                                            January 8, 2025, Baptista Carl Marc, one of the ultimate individual shareholders have provided
                                            an advance of which amounted to S$<span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_c20250108__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zAAbnrw345Q2" title="Working capital"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:WorkingCapital" contextRef="AsOf2025-01-08_custom_BaptistaCarlMarcMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001812" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">140,000</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_904_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20250108__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zQvVEFI2dx1k" title="Working capital"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:WorkingCapital" contextRef="AsOf2025-01-08_custom_BaptistaCarlMarcMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001814" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">102,918</ix:nonFraction></span>) to the Company for working capital
                                            purpose. Such advance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
                                            February 27, 2025, Teo Peng Kwang, one of the ultimate individual shareholders have provided
                                            an advance of which amounted to S$<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_c20250227__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z4MTK1YQbQm5" title="Working capital"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:WorkingCapital" contextRef="AsOf2025-02-27_custom_TeoPengKwangMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001816" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="SGD">303,590</ix:nonFraction></span> (US$<span id="xdx_901_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20250227__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z1xp7rIIVd8h" title="Working capital"><ix:nonFraction name="CUPR:WorkingCapital" contextRef="AsOf2025-02-27_custom_TeoPengKwangMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001818" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">223,179</ix:nonFraction></span>) to the Company for working capital
                                            purpose. Such advance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
                                            April 11, 2025, the Company has completed the Initial Public Offering (&#8220;IPO&#8221;)
                                            of <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_c20250411__20250411__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zbsu6Zu8U9O" title="Initial public offering"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" contextRef="From2025-04-112025-04-11_us-gaap_IPOMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001820" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">3,000,000</ix:nonFraction></span> Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq Capital Market, at a public offering price
                                            of US$<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockPricePerShare_iI_pid_c20250411__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zN5mWESYrIMj" title="Public offering price"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockPricePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2025-04-11_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001822" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="SGDPShares">4.00</ix:nonFraction></span> per share, and give rise to total gross proceeds of US$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity_pn5n6_c20250411__20250411__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_znEtsseuHell" title="Gross proceeds"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity" contextRef="From2025-04-112025-04-11_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001824" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="SGD">12.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million. The Ordinary
                                            Shares were previously approved for listing on Nasdaq Capital Markets on April 9, 2025 and
                                            commenced trading under the ticker symbol &#8220;CUPR&#8221; on April 10, 2025.</span></td></tr><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
                                                                                                                                            <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(e)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">On May 8, 2025, the Company has closed the sale of an additional <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20250508__20250508__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zssTNDlX10k6" title="Stock issued during period shares new issues"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" contextRef="From2025-05-082025-05-08_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001826" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">450,000</ix:nonFraction></span> Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company, pursuant to the full
exercise of the underwriter&#8217;s over-allotment option granted in connection with the Company&#8217;s IPO, at the IPO price of US$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_pid_c20250508__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zinWtxzGv0J6" title="Share price"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SharePrice" contextRef="AsOf2025-05-08_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001828" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="SGDPShares">4.00</ix:nonFraction></span>
per share.</td></tr>
                                                                                                                                            </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_813_zo5GfvS01Edc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-11.2
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>ex11-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-11.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
11.2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Insider
Trading Policy </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>of
</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Cuprina
Holdings (Cayman) Limited</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Purpose</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Insider Trading Policy (the &ldquo;<B><U>Policy</U></B>&rdquo;) provides guidelines with respect to transactions in the securities of
Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited (the &ldquo;<B><U>Company</U></B>&rdquo;) and the handling of confidential information about the Company
and the companies with which the Company does business. The Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors has adopted this Policy to promote compliance
with United States federal, state, and foreign securities laws that prohibit certain persons who are aware of material non-public information
about a company from: (i) trading in securities of that company; or (ii) providing material non-public information to other persons who
may trade on the basis of that information.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Persons
                                            Subject to the Policy</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Policy applies to all officers of the Company and its subsidiaries, all members of the Company&rsquo;s board of directors and all employees
of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company may also determine that other persons should be subject to this Policy, such as contractors
or consultants who have access to material non-public information. This Policy also applies to family members, other members of a person&rsquo;s
household and entities controlled by a person covered by this Policy, as described below.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Transactions
                                            Subject to the Policy</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Policy applies to transactions in the Company&rsquo;s securities (collectively referred to in this Policy as &ldquo;<B><U>Company Securities</U></B>&rdquo;),
including the Company&rsquo;s common stock, options to purchase common stock, or any other type of securities that the Company may issue,
including (but not limited to) preferred stock, convertible debentures, and warrants, as well as derivative securities that are not issued
by the Company, such as exchange-traded put or call options or swaps relating to the Company&rsquo;s Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">4.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Individual
                                            Responsibility</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Persons
subject to this Policy have ethical and legal obligations to maintain the confidentiality of information about the Company and to not
engage in transactions in Company Securities while in possession of material non-public information. Each individual is responsible for
making sure that he or she complies with this Policy, and that any family member, household member or entity whose transactions are subject
to this Policy, as discussed below, also comply with this Policy. In all cases, the responsibility for determining whether an individual
is in possession of material non-public information rests with that individual, and any action on the part of the Company, the Compliance
Officer or any other employee or director pursuant to this Policy (or otherwise) does not in any way constitute legal advice or insulate
an individual from liability under applicable securities laws. You could be subject to severe legal penalties and disciplinary action
by the Company for any conduct prohibited by this Policy or applicable securities laws, as described below in more detail under the heading
&ldquo;Consequences of Violations.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">5.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Administration
                                            of the Policy</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[*]
shall serve as the Compliance Officer for the purposes of this Policy and he shall be assisted by [*], Counsel to the Company (collectively
&ldquo;the <B><U>Compliance Officer</U></B>&rdquo;). All determinations and interpretations by the Compliance Officer shall be final
and not subject to further review.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">6.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Statement
                                            of Policy</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">It
is the policy of the Company that no director, officer, or other employee of the Company (or any other person designated by this Policy
or by the Compliance Officer as subject to this Policy) who is aware of material non-public information relating to the Company may,
directly, or indirectly through family members or other persons or entities:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; padding-right: 5.70pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Engage
                                            in transactions in Company Securities, except as otherwise specified in this Policy under
                                            the headings &ldquo;Transactions Under Company Plans,&rdquo; &ldquo;Transactions Not Involving
                                            a Purchase or Sale&rdquo; and &ldquo;Rule 10b5-1 Plans;&rdquo;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Recommend
                                            the purchase or sale of any Company Securities;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; padding-right: 5.8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disclose
                                            material non-public information to persons within the Company whose jobs do not require them
                                            to have that information, or outside of the Company to other persons, including, but not
                                            limited to, family, friends, business associates, investors, and expert consulting firms,
                                            unless any such disclosure is made in accordance with the Company&rsquo;s policies regarding
                                            the protection or authorized external disclosure of information regarding the Company; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">d)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assist
                                            anyone engaged in the above activities.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, it is the policy of the Company that no director, officer or other employee of the Company (or any other person designated
as subject to this Policy) who, in the course of working for the Company, learns of material non-public information about a company with
which the Company does business, including a customer or supplier of the Company, may trade in that company&rsquo;s securities until
the information becomes public or is no longer material.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
are no exceptions to this Policy, except as specifically noted herein. Transactions that may be necessary or justifiable for independent
reasons (such as the need to raise money for an emergency expenditure), or small transactions, are not excepted from this Policy. The
securities laws do not recognize any mitigating circumstances, and, in any event, even the appearance of an improper transaction must
be avoided to preserve the Company&rsquo;s reputation for adhering to the highest standards of conduct.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">7.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Definition
                                            of Material Non-public Information</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Material
Information.</U> Information is considered &ldquo;material&rdquo; if a reasonable investor would consider that information important
in making a decision to buy, hold or sell securities. Any information that could be expected to affect the Company&rsquo;s stock price,
whether it is positive or negative, should be considered material. There is no bright-line standard for assessing materiality; rather,
materiality is based on an assessment of all of the facts and circumstances, and is often evaluated by enforcement authorities with the
benefit of hindsight. While it is not possible to define all categories of material information, some examples of information that ordinarily
would be regarded as material are:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 5.90pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Projections
                                            of future earnings or losses, or other earnings guidance;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Changes
                                            to previously announced earnings guidance, or the decision to suspend earnings guidance;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
                                            pending or proposed merger, acquisition, or tender offer;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
                                            pending or proposed acquisition or disposition of a significant asset;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
                                            pending or proposed joint venture;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
                                            Company restructuring;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Significant
                                            related party transactions;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
                                            change in dividend policy, the declaration of a stock split, or an offering of additional
                                            securities;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Bank
                                            borrowings or other financing transactions out of the ordinary course;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            establishment of a repurchase program for Company Securities;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
                                            change in the Company&rsquo;s pricing or cost structure;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Major
                                            marketing changes;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
                                            change in management;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
                                            change in auditors or notification that the auditor&#8217;s reports may no longer be relied
                                            upon;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Development
                                            of a significant new product, process, or service;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pending
                                            or threatened significant litigation, or the resolution of such litigation;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Impending
                                            bankruptcy or the existence of severe liquidity problems;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            gain or loss of a significant customer or supplier;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            imposition of a ban on trading in Company Securities or the securities of another company.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>When
Information is Considered Public.</U> Information that has not been disclosed to the public is generally considered to be non-public
information. In order to establish that the information has been disclosed to the public, it may be necessary to demonstrate that the
information has been widely disseminated. Information generally would be considered widely disseminated if it has been disclosed through
the Dow Jones &ldquo;broad tape,&rdquo; newswire services, a broadcast on widely-available radio or television programs, publication
in a widely-available newspaper, magazine or news website, or public disclosure documents filed with the SEC that are available on the
SEC&rsquo;s website. A company may be able to conclude that, based on the SEC&rsquo;s guidance in Rel. No. 34-58288 (August 1, 2008),
disclosure on the company&rsquo;s website is sufficient to make the information public. By contrast, information would likely not be
considered widely disseminated if it is available only to the Company&rsquo;s employees, or if it is only available to a select group
of analysts, brokers, and institutional investors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Once
information is widely disseminated, it is still necessary to afford the investing public with sufficient time to absorb the information.
As a general rule, information should not be considered fully absorbed by the marketplace until after the second business day after the
day on which the information is released. If, for example, the Company were to make an announcement on a Monday, you should not trade
in Company Securities until Thursday. Depending on the particular circumstances, the Company may determine that a longer or shorter period
should apply to the release of specific material non-public information.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">8.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Transactions
                                            by Family Members and Others</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Policy applies to your family members who reside with you (including a spouse, a child, a child away at college, stepchildren, grandchildren,
parents, stepparents, grandparents, siblings and in-laws), anyone else who lives in your household, and any family members who do not
live in your household but whose transactions in Company Securities are directed by you or are subject to your influence or control,
such as parents or children who consult with you before they trade in Company Securities (collectively referred to as &ldquo;Family Members&rdquo;).
You are responsible for the transactions of these other persons and therefore should make them aware of the need to confer with you before
they trade in Company Securities, and you should treat all such transactions for the purposes of this Policy and applicable securities
laws as if the transactions were for your own account. This Policy does not, however, apply to personal securities transactions of Family
Members where the purchase or sale decision is made by a third party not controlled by, influenced by or related to you or your Family
Members.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">9.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Transactions
                                            by Entities that You Influence or Control</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Policy applies to any entities that you influence or control, including any corporations, partnerships or trusts (collectively referred
to as &ldquo;Controlled Entities&rdquo;), and transactions by these Controlled Entities should be treated for the purposes of this Policy
and applicable securities laws as if they were for your own account.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">10.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Transactions
                                            Under Company Plans</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Policy does not apply in the case of the following transactions, except as specifically noted:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I><U>Stock
Option Exercises.</U></I> This Policy does not apply to the exercise of an employee stock option acquired pursuant to the Company&rsquo;s
plans, or to the exercise of a tax withholding right pursuant to which a person has elected to have the Company withhold shares subject
to an option to satisfy tax withholding requirements. This Policy does apply, however, to any sale of stock as part of a broker-assisted
cashless exercise of an option, or any other market sale for the purpose of generating the cash needed to pay the exercise price of an
option.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I><U>Restricted
Stock Awards.</U></I> This Policy does not apply to the vesting of restricted stock, or the exercise of a tax withholding right pursuant
to which you elect to have the Company withhold shares of stock to satisfy tax withholding requirements upon the vesting of any restricted
stock. The Policy does apply, however, to any market sale of restricted stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I><U>Other
Similar Transactions.</U></I> Any other purchase of Company Securities from the Company or sales of Company Securities to the Company
are not subject to this Policy.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">11.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Transactions
                                            Not Involving a Purchase or Sale</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Bona
fide</I> gifts of securities are not transactions subject to this Policy; however, <I>Bona fide</I> gifts are not transactions subject
to this Policy, unless the person making the gift has reason to believe that the recipient intends to sell the Company Securities while
the officer, employee or director is aware of material non-public information, or the person making the gift is subject to the trading
restrictions specified below under the heading &ldquo;Additional Procedures&rdquo; and the sales by the recipient of the Company Securities
occur during a blackout period. Further, transactions in mutual funds that are invested in Company Securities are not transactions subject
to this Policy.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">12.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Special
                                            and Prohibited Transactions</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has determined that there is a heightened legal risk and/or the appearance of improper or inappropriate conduct if the persons
subject to this Policy engage in certain types of transactions. It therefore is the Company&rsquo;s policy that any persons covered by
this Policy may not engage in any of the following transactions, or should otherwise consider the Company&rsquo;s preferences as described
below:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.90pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I><U>Short-Term
Trading.</U></I> Short-term trading of Company Securities may be distracting to the person and may unduly focus the person on the Company&rsquo;s
short-term stock market performance instead of the Company&rsquo;s long-term business objectives. For these reasons, any director, officer
or other employee of the Company who purchases Company Securities in the open market may not sell any Company Securities of the same
class during the six months following the purchase (or vice versa).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.90pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I><U>Short
Sales.</U></I> Short sales of Company Securities (<I>i.e.,</I> the sale of a security that the seller does not own) may evidence an expectation
on the part of the seller that the securities will decline in value, and therefore have the potential to signal to the market that the
seller lacks confidence in the Company&rsquo;s prospects. In addition, short sales may reduce a seller&rsquo;s incentive to seek to improve
the Company&rsquo;s performance. For these reasons, short sales of Company Securities are prohibited. (Short sales arising from certain
types of hedging transactions are governed by the paragraph below captioned &ldquo;Hedging Transactions.&rdquo;)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I><U>Publicly-Traded
Options.</U></I> Given the relatively short term of publicly-traded options, transactions in options may create the appearance that a
director, officer, or employee is trading based on material non-public information and focus a director&rsquo;s, officer&rsquo;s, or
other employee&rsquo;s attention on short-term performance at the expense of the Company&rsquo;s long-term objectives. Accordingly, transactions
in put options, call options or other derivative securities, on an exchange or in any other organized market, are prohibited by this
Policy. (Option positions arising from certain types of hedging transactions are governed by the next paragraph below.)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I><U>Hedging
Transactions.</U></I> Hedging or monetization transactions can be accomplished through a number of possible mechanisms, including through
the use of financial instruments such as prepaid variable forwards, equity swaps, collars, and exchange funds. Such hedging transactions
may permit a director, officer, or employee to continue to own Company Securities obtained through employee benefit plans or otherwise,
but without the full risks and rewards of ownership. When that occurs, the director, officer or employee may no longer have the same
objectives as the Company&rsquo;s other shareholders. Therefore, the Company strongly discourages you from engaging in such transactions.
Any person wishing to enter into such an arrangement must first submit the proposed transaction for approval by the Compliance Officer.
Any request for pre-clearance of a hedging or similar arrangement must be submitted to the Compliance Officer at least two weeks prior
to the proposed execution of documents evidencing the proposed transaction and must set forth a justification for the proposed transaction.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 5.90pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I><U>Margin
Accounts and Pledged Securities.</U></I> Securities held in a margin account as collateral for a margin loan may be sold by the broker
without the customer&rsquo;s consent if the customer fails to meet a margin call. Similarly, securities pledged (or hypothecated) as
collateral for a loan may be sold in foreclosure if the borrower defaults on the loan. Because a margin sale or foreclosure sale may
occur at a time when the pledgor is aware of material non-public information or otherwise is not permitted to trade in Company Securities,
directors, officers, and other employees are prohibited from holding Company Securities in a margin account. In addition, the Company
strongly discourages you from entering into a loan transaction in which you pledge the Company&rsquo;s securities as collateral for a
loan. Any person wishing to enter into such an arrangement must first submit the proposed loan transaction for approval by the Compliance
Officer. Any request for pre-clearance of a loan transaction or similar arrangement must be submitted to the Compliance Officer at least
two weeks prior to the proposed execution of documents evidencing the proposed transaction and must set forth a justification for the
proposed transaction. The Compliance Officer will not permit the pledge of the Company&rsquo;s securities unless you can clearly demonstrate
the financial capacity to repay the loan without resorting to the pledged securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 5.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 5.90pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 5.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I><U>Standing
and Limit Orders.</U></I> Standing and limit orders (except standing and limit orders under approved Rule 10b5-1 Plans, as described
below) create heightened risks for insider trading violations similar to the use of margin accounts. There is no control over the timing
of purchases or sales that result from standing instructions to a broker, and as a result the broker could execute a transaction when
a director, officer or other employee is in possession of material non-public information. The Company therefore discourages placing
standing or limit orders on Company Securities. If a person subject to this Policy determines that they must use a standing order or
limit order, the order should be limited to short duration and should otherwise comply with the restrictions and procedures outlined
below under the heading &ldquo;Additional Procedures.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">13.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Additional
                                            Procedures</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has established additional procedures in order to assist the Company in the administration of this Policy, to facilitate compliance
with laws prohibiting insider trading while in possession of material non-public information, and to avoid the appearance of any impropriety.
These additional procedures are applicable only to those individuals described below.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I><U>Pre-Clearance
Procedures.</U></I> The persons designated by the Compliance Officer as being subject to these procedures, as well as the Family Members
and Controlled Entities of such persons, may not engage in any transaction in Company Securities without first obtaining pre-clearance
of the transaction from the Compliance Officer. A request for pre-clearance should be submitted to the Compliance Officer at least two
business days in advance of the proposed transaction. The Compliance Officer is under no obligation to approve a transaction submitted
for pre-clearance, and may determine not to permit the transaction. If a person seeks pre-clearance and permission to engage in the transaction
is denied, then he or she should refrain from initiating any transaction in Company Securities, and should not inform any other person
of the restriction.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">When
a request for pre-clearance is made, the requestor should carefully consider whether he or she may be aware of any material non-public
information about the Company, and should describe fully those circumstances to the Compliance Officer. The requestor should also indicate
whether he or she has effected any non-exempt &ldquo;opposite-way&rdquo; transactions within the past six months. The requestor should
also be prepared to comply with SEC Rule 144 and file Form 144, if necessary, at the time of any sale.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pre-cleared
trades must be effected within five business days of receipt of pre-clearance unless an exception is granted. Transactions not effected
within the time limit would be subject to pre-clearance again. Further, within five business days of completing a transaction in the
Company&rsquo;s Securities, The Compliance Officer shall be notified of completion of the transaction. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I><U>Quarterly
Trading Restrictions.</U></I> The persons designated by the Compliance Officer as subject to this restriction, as well as their Family
Members or Controlled Entities, may not conduct any transactions involving the Company&rsquo;s Securities (other than as specified by
this Policy), during a &ldquo;Blackout Period&rdquo; beginning 30 days prior to the end of each fiscal quarter and ending on the third
business day following the date of the public release of the Company&rsquo;s earnings results for that quarter. In other words, these
persons may only conduct transactions in Company Securities during the &ldquo;Window Period&rdquo; beginning on the third business day
following the public release of the Company&rsquo;s quarterly earnings and ending thirty days prior to the close of the next fiscal quarter.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
certain very limited circumstances, a person subject to this restriction may be permitted to trade during a Blackout Period, but only
if the Compliance Officer concludes that the person does not in fact possess material non-public information. Persons wishing to trade
during a Blackout Period must contact the Compliance Officer for approval at least three business days in advance of any proposed transaction
involving Company Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I><U>Event-Specific
Trading Restriction Periods.</U></I> From time to time, an event may occur that is material to the Company and is known by only a few
directors, officers and/or employees. So long as the event remains material and non-public, the persons designated by the Compliance
Officer may not trade Company Securities. In addition, the Company&rsquo;s financial results may be sufficiently material in a particular
fiscal quarter that, in the judgment of the Compliance Officer, designated persons should refrain from trading in Company Securities
even sooner than the typical Blackout Period described above. In that situation, the Compliance Officer may notify these persons that
they should not trade in the Company&rsquo;s Securities, without disclosing the reason for the restriction. The existence of an event-specific
trading restriction period or extension of a Blackout Period will not be announced to the Company as a whole, and should not be communicated
to any other person. Even if the Compliance Officer has not designated you as a person who should not trade due to an event-specific
restriction, you should not trade while aware of material non-public information. Exceptions will not be granted during an event-specific
trading restriction period.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 5.90pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I><U>Exceptions.
</U></I>The quarterly trading restrictions and event-driven trading restrictions do not apply to those transactions to which this Policy
does not apply, as described above under the headings &ldquo;Transactions Under Company Plans&rdquo; and &ldquo;Transactions Not Involving
a Purchase or Sale.&rdquo; Further, the requirement for pre-clearance, the quarterly trading restrictions and event-driven trading restrictions
do not apply to transactions conducted pursuant to approved Rule 10b5-1 plans, described under the heading &ldquo;Rule 10b5-1 Plans.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 5.90pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">14.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Rule
                                            10b5-1 Plans</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rule
10b5-1 under the Exchange Act provides a defense from insider trading liability under Rule 10b-5. In order to be eligible to rely on
this defense, a person subject to this Policy must enter into a Rule 10b5-1 plan for transactions in Company Securities that meets certain
conditions specified in the Rule (a &ldquo;Rule 10b5-1 Plan&rdquo;). If the plan meets the requirements of Rule 10b5-1, Company Securities
may be purchased or sold without regard to certain insider trading restrictions. To comply with the Policy, a Rule 10b5-1 Plan must be
approved by the Compliance Officer and meet the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 and the Company&rsquo;s &ldquo;Guidelines for Rule 10b5-1
Plans,&rdquo; which may be obtained from the Compliance Officer. In general, a Rule 10b5-1 Plan must be entered into at a time when the
person entering into the plan is not aware of material non-public information. Once the plan is adopted, the person must not exercise
any influence over the amount of securities to be traded, the price at which they are to be traded or the date of the trade. The plan
must either specify the amount, pricing, and timing of transactions in advance or delegate discretion on these matters to an independent
third party.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
Rule 10b5-1 Plan must be submitted for approval at least five business days prior to the entry into the Rule 10b5-1 Plan. No further
pre-approval of transactions conducted pursuant to the Rule 10b5-1 Plan will be required.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">15.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Post-Termination
                                            Transactions</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Policy continues to apply to transactions in Company Securities even after termination of service to the Company. If an individual is
in possession of material non-public information when his or her service terminates, that individual may not trade in Company Securities
until that information has become public or is no longer material. The pre-clearance procedures specified under the heading &ldquo;Additional
Procedures&rdquo; above, however, will cease to apply to transactions in Company Securities upon the expiration of any Blackout Period
or other Company-imposed trading restrictions applicable at the time of the termination of service.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">16.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Consequences
                                            of Violations</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
purchase or sale of securities while aware of material non-public information, or the disclosure of material non-public information to
others who then trade in the Company&rsquo;s Securities, is prohibited by the federal and state laws. Insider trading violations are
pursued vigorously by the SEC, U.S. Attorneys, and state enforcement authorities as well as the laws of foreign jurisdictions. Punishment
for insider trading violations is severe, and could include significant fines and imprisonment. While the regulatory authorities concentrate
their efforts on the individuals who trade, or who tip inside information to others who trade, the federal securities laws also impose
potential liability on companies and other &ldquo;controlling persons&rdquo; if they fail to take reasonable steps to prevent insider
trading by company personnel.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, an individual&rsquo;s failure to comply with this Policy may subject the individual to Company-imposed sanctions, including
dismissal for cause, whether or not the employee&rsquo;s failure to comply results in a violation of law. Needless to say, a violation
of law, or even an SEC investigation that does not result in prosecution, can tarnish a person&rsquo;s reputation, and irreparably damage
a career.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">17.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Company
                                            Assistance</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
person who has a question about this Policy or its application to any proposed transaction may obtain additional guidance from the Compliance
Officer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: .25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">18.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Certification</U></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 31.80pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
persons subject to this Policy must certify their understanding of, and intent to comply with, this Policy.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>CERTIFICATION</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I
                                            have read and understand the Company&rsquo;s Insider Trading Policy (the &ldquo;<B><U>Policy</U></B>&rdquo;).
                                            I understand that the Compliance Officer is available to answer any questions I have regarding
                                            the Policy.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since
                                            the date that the Policy became effective, or such shorter period of time as I have been
                                            an employee of the company, I have complied with the Policy.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I
                                            will continue to comply with the Policy for as long as I am subject to the Policy.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date
of signing: ________________________</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Please
sign below:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">_____________________________________</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">_____________________________________</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Please
print your name above</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-12.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ex12-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-12.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
12.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Certification
by the Principal Executive Officer</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Pursuant
to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I,</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David
    Quek Yong Qi, certify that:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I
    have reviewed this Form-20-F of Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
    on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
    to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to
    the period covered by this report;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
    on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material
    respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this
    report;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    company&rsquo;s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
    (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange
    Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designed
    such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,
    to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
    within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Paragraph
    omitted pursuant to SEC Release Nos. 33-8238/34-47986 and 33-8392/34-49313);</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evaluated
    the effectiveness of the company&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
    effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;
    and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disclosed
    in this report any change in the company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered
    by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company&rsquo;s internal control
    over financial reporting; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    company&rsquo;s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial
    reporting, to the company&rsquo;s auditors and the audit committee of the company&rsquo;s board of directors (or persons performing
    the equivalent functions):</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
    significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are
    reasonably likely to adversely affect the company&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;
    and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
    fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company&rsquo;s internal
    control over financial reporting.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
May 14, 2025</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    David Quek Yong Qi</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:
    </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David
    Quek Yong Qi</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-12.2
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>ex12-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-12.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
12.2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Certification
by the Principal Financial Officer</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Pursuant
to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I,</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chan
    Tat Jing, certify that:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I
    have reviewed this Form-20-F of Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
    on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
    to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to
    the period covered by this report;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
    on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material
    respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this
    report;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    company&rsquo;s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
    (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange
    Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designed
    such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,
    to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
    within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Paragraph
    omitted pursuant to SEC Release Nos. 33-8238/34-47986 and 33-8392/34-49313);</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evaluated
    the effectiveness of the company&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
    effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;
    and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disclosed
    in this report any change in the company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered
    by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company&rsquo;s internal control
    over financial reporting; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    company&rsquo;s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial
    reporting, to the company&rsquo;s auditors and the audit committee of the company&rsquo;s board of directors (or persons performing
    the equivalent functions):</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
    significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are
    reasonably likely to adversely affect the company&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;
    and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
    fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company&rsquo;s internal
    control over financial reporting.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
    May 14, 2025</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    Chan Tat Jing</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:
    </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chan
    Tat Jing</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Financial Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-13.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ex13-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-13.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
13.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Certification
by the Principal Executive Officer</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Pursuant
to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Form-20-F of Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) for the fiscal year ended December 31,
2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the &ldquo;Report&rdquo;), I, David Quek Yong Qi, Chief
Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations
    of the Company.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
May 14, 2025</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    David Quek Yong Qi</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:
    </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David
    Quek Yong Qi</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-13.2
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>ex13-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-13.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
13.2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Certification
by the Principal Financial Officer</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Pursuant
to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Form-20-F of Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) for the fiscal year ended December 31,
2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the &ldquo;Report&rdquo;), I, Chan Tat Jing, Chief Financial
Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, that to my knowledge:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations
    of the Company.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
May 14, 2025</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    Chan Tat Jing</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:
    </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chan
    Tat Jing</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Financial Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


</BODY>
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</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.CAL
<SEQUENCE>13
<FILENAME>cupr-20241231_cal.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL CALCULATION FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.DEF
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_CuprinaHongKongLimitedMember" xlink:to="CUPR_CuprinaHongKongLimitedMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_CuprinaHongKongLimitedMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cuprina Hong Kong Limited [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_MajorCustomersAxis" xlink:label="srt_MajorCustomersAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MajorCustomersAxis" xlink:to="srt_MajorCustomersAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MajorCustomersAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_CustomerAMember" xlink:label="CUPR_CustomerAMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_CustomerAMember" xlink:to="CUPR_CustomerAMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_CustomerAMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer A [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration Risk Benchmark [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue Benchmark [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration Risk Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_CustomerBMember" xlink:label="CUPR_CustomerBMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_CustomerBMember" xlink:to="CUPR_CustomerBMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_CustomerBMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer B [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_CustomerCMember" xlink:label="CUPR_CustomerCMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_CustomerCMember" xlink:to="CUPR_CustomerCMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_CustomerCMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer C [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_CustomerDMember" xlink:label="CUPR_CustomerDMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_CustomerDMember" xlink:to="CUPR_CustomerDMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_CustomerDMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer D [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_CustomerEMember" xlink:label="CUPR_CustomerEMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_CustomerEMember" xlink:to="CUPR_CustomerEMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_CustomerEMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer E [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Receivable [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_CustomerFMember" xlink:label="CUPR_CustomerFMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_CustomerFMember" xlink:to="CUPR_CustomerFMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_CustomerFMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer F [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_VendorAMember" xlink:label="CUPR_VendorAMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_VendorAMember" xlink:to="CUPR_VendorAMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_VendorAMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Vendor A [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_VendorBMember" xlink:label="CUPR_VendorBMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_VendorBMember" xlink:to="CUPR_VendorBMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_VendorBMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Vendor B [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_VendorCMember" xlink:label="CUPR_VendorCMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_VendorCMember" xlink:to="CUPR_VendorCMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_VendorCMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Vendor C [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_VendorDMember" xlink:label="CUPR_VendorDMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_VendorDMember" xlink:to="CUPR_VendorDMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_VendorDMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Vendor D [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_UnitedStateDollarMember" xlink:label="CUPR_UnitedStateDollarMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_UnitedStateDollarMember" xlink:to="CUPR_UnitedStateDollarMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_UnitedStateDollarMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">United State Dollar [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_SingaporeDollarMember" xlink:label="CUPR_SingaporeDollarMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_SingaporeDollarMember" xlink:to="CUPR_SingaporeDollarMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_SingaporeDollarMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Singapore Dollar [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Lived Tangible Asset [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_MotorVehiclesMember" xlink:label="CUPR_MotorVehiclesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_MotorVehiclesMember" xlink:to="CUPR_MotorVehiclesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_MotorVehiclesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Motor Vehicles [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_ComputersMember" xlink:label="CUPR_ComputersMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_ComputersMember" xlink:to="CUPR_ComputersMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_ComputersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Computers [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_FurnitureAndFittingsMember" xlink:label="CUPR_FurnitureAndFittingsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_FurnitureAndFittingsMember" xlink:to="CUPR_FurnitureAndFittingsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_FurnitureAndFittingsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Furniture And Fittings [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_RenovationMember" xlink:label="CUPR_RenovationMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_RenovationMember" xlink:to="CUPR_RenovationMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_RenovationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Renovation [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Office Equipment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Computer Equipment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Furniture and Fixtures [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Building Improvements [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember" xlink:label="CUPR_BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember" xlink:to="CUPR_BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Biotherapeutic Solutions Sdn Bhd [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember" xlink:label="CUPR_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember" xlink:to="CUPR_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cuprina Mena Co Ltd [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_JointVentureAndAssociateMember" xlink:label="CUPR_JointVentureAndAssociateMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_JointVentureAndAssociateMember" xlink:to="CUPR_JointVentureAndAssociateMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_JointVentureAndAssociateMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Joint Venture And Associate [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_OfficePremiseOneMember" xlink:label="CUPR_OfficePremiseOneMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_OfficePremiseOneMember" xlink:to="CUPR_OfficePremiseOneMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_OfficePremiseOneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Office premise Block 1090 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_OfficePremiseTwoMember" xlink:label="CUPR_OfficePremiseTwoMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_OfficePremiseTwoMember" xlink:to="CUPR_OfficePremiseTwoMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_OfficePremiseTwoMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Office premise Block 1092 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember" xlink:label="CUPR_CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember" xlink:to="CUPR_CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cuprina Farm Sdn Bhd [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember" xlink:label="CUPR_CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember" xlink:to="CUPR_CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cuprina Pollination Pte Ltd [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember" xlink:label="CUPR_PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember" xlink:to="CUPR_PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pestoniks Innovations Pte Ltd [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember" xlink:label="CUPR_CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember" xlink:to="CUPR_CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cuprina Holding Pte Ltd [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_JimmyLeePengSiewMember" xlink:label="CUPR_JimmyLeePengSiewMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_JimmyLeePengSiewMember" xlink:to="CUPR_JimmyLeePengSiewMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_JimmyLeePengSiewMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Jimmy Lee Peng Siew [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_BaptistaCarlMarcMember" xlink:label="CUPR_BaptistaCarlMarcMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_BaptistaCarlMarcMember" xlink:to="CUPR_BaptistaCarlMarcMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_BaptistaCarlMarcMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Baptista Carl Marc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_DavidQuekYongQiMember" xlink:label="CUPR_DavidQuekYongQiMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_DavidQuekYongQiMember" xlink:to="CUPR_DavidQuekYongQiMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_DavidQuekYongQiMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">David Quek Yong Qi [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_BryanTeoYingjieMember" xlink:label="CUPR_BryanTeoYingjieMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_BryanTeoYingjieMember" xlink:to="CUPR_BryanTeoYingjieMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_BryanTeoYingjieMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Bryan Teo Yingjie [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_RachelLeeLinMember" xlink:label="CUPR_RachelLeeLinMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_RachelLeeLinMember" xlink:to="CUPR_RachelLeeLinMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_RachelLeeLinMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rachel Lee Lin [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_DoreaQuekEnQiMember" xlink:label="CUPR_DoreaQuekEnQiMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_DoreaQuekEnQiMember" xlink:to="CUPR_DoreaQuekEnQiMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_DoreaQuekEnQiMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Dorea Quek En Qi [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember" xlink:label="CUPR_DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember" xlink:to="CUPR_DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">De Guzman Caroline Francesca Lee Ling [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_TeoPengKwangMember" xlink:label="CUPR_TeoPengKwangMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_TeoPengKwangMember" xlink:to="CUPR_TeoPengKwangMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_TeoPengKwangMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Teo Peng Kwang [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember" xlink:label="CUPR_IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember" xlink:to="CUPR_IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">iCapital Holdings (SG) Pte. Ltd. [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_NgBeePohMember" xlink:label="CUPR_NgBeePohMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_NgBeePohMember" xlink:to="CUPR_NgBeePohMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_NgBeePohMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ng Bee Poh [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Authority, Name [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Inland Revenue, Singapore (IRAS) [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statistical Measurement [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MinimumMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Minimum [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MaximumMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Maximum [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Geographical [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2024/country-2024.xsd#country_MY" xlink:label="country_MY" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_MY" xlink:to="country_MY_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_MY_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">MALAYSIA</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InlandRevenueHongKongMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_InlandRevenueHongKongMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InlandRevenueHongKongMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_InlandRevenueHongKongMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InlandRevenueHongKongMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Inland Revenue, Hong Kong [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StateAdministrationOfTaxationChinaMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_StateAdministrationOfTaxationChinaMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StateAdministrationOfTaxationChinaMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_StateAdministrationOfTaxationChinaMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StateAdministrationOfTaxationChinaMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">State Administration of Taxation, China [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Internal Revenue Service (IRS) [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Segments [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember" xlink:label="CUPR_MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember" xlink:to="CUPR_MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Maggot Debridement Therapy Product [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_CosmeceuticalProductMember" xlink:label="CUPR_CosmeceuticalProductMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_CosmeceuticalProductMember" xlink:to="CUPR_CosmeceuticalProductMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_CosmeceuticalProductMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cosmeceutical Product [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of Stock [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IPOMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_IPOMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IPOMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_IPOMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IPOMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IPO [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressesTable" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressesTable" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressesTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Addresses [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressesLineItems" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressesLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Addresses [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:to="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Registration Statement</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Reporting Standard Item Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Bankruptcy Proceedings, Reporting Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" xlink:label="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" xlink:to="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Documents Incorporated by Reference [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_ContactPersonnelName" xlink:label="dei_ContactPersonnelName" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_ContactPersonnelName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Contact Personnel Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" xlink:label="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" xlink:to="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditorFirmId" xlink:label="dei_AuditorFirmId" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditorFirmId" xlink:to="dei_AuditorFirmId_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditorFirmId_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Auditor Firm ID</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditorOpinionTextBlock" xlink:label="dei_AuditorOpinionTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditorOpinionTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Auditor Opinion [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditorName" xlink:label="dei_AuditorName" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditorName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Auditor Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditorLocation" xlink:label="dei_AuditorLocation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditorLocation" xlink:to="dei_AuditorLocation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditorLocation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Auditor Location</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Table]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">ASSETS</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current assets</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accruals and other payables</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amount due to related parties</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LoansPayableToBankCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansPayableToBankCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LoansPayableToBankCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LoansPayableToBankCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansPayableToBankCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Bank loans, current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lease liabilities, current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncurrent liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermLoansFromBank" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermLoansFromBank" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermLoansFromBank" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermLoansFromBank_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermLoansFromBank_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Bank loans, non-current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lease liabilities, non-current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total noncurrent liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL LIABILITIES</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; DEFICIT</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ordinary shares, value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional paid in capital</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated deficit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total shareholders&#8217; deficit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; DEFICIT</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ordinary shares, par value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ordinary shares, shares authorized</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ordinary shares, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ordinary shares, shares outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Statement [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cost of revenues</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:to="us-gaap_GrossProfit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Gross profit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating expenses:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, general and administrative expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and development costs</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total operating expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss from operations</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other income (expense):</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other income</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total other (expense) income, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income before tax expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income tax expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_IncomeBeforeEquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates" xlink:label="CUPR_IncomeBeforeEquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_IncomeBeforeEquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates" xlink:to="CUPR_IncomeBeforeEquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="CUPR_IncomeBeforeEquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income before equity in net earnings of affiliates</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_EquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates" xlink:label="CUPR_EquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_EquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates" xlink:to="CUPR_EquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_EquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity in net earnings of affiliates</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other comprehensive loss:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentBeforeTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentBeforeTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency translation, net of income tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total comprehensive loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss per share attributable to weighted average number of outstanding ordinary shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Basic (cents)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted (cents)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average number of outstanding ordinary shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Basic</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, shares</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency translation</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation and amortization</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on disposal of property and equipment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableChangeInMethodCreditLossExpenseReversal" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableChangeInMethodCreditLossExpenseReversal" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableChangeInMethodCreditLossExpenseReversal" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableChangeInMethodCreditLossExpenseReversal_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableChangeInMethodCreditLossExpenseReversal_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current expected credit loss on account receivables</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Write-off on inventories</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lease related expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign exchange loss (gain)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity in net earnings of affiliates</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Change in operating assets and liabilities:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Account receivables</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerAsset" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerAsset" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerAsset_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerAsset_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Contract assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Inventories</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accruals and other payables</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Advance to related parties, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash used in operating activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of property and equipment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromInvestments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromInvestments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investment at equity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash used in investing activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayments of bank loans</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from bank loans</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsOfFinancingCosts" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsOfFinancingCosts" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsOfFinancingCosts" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsOfFinancingCosts_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsOfFinancingCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments of financing costs</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Advance from related parties, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash provided by financing activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net change in cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency translation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of year</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents - end of year</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH FINANCING ACTIVITIES:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash paid for interest</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_UnpaidDeferredOfferingCosts" xlink:label="CUPR_UnpaidDeferredOfferingCosts" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_UnpaidDeferredOfferingCosts" xlink:to="CUPR_UnpaidDeferredOfferingCosts_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_UnpaidDeferredOfferingCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unpaid deferred offering costs</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PvpTable" xlink:label="ecd_PvpTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PvpTable" xlink:to="ecd_PvpTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PvpTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pay vs Performance Disclosure [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:label="ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:to="ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Executive Category [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:label="ecd_IndividualAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:to="ecd_IndividualAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_IndividualAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Individual [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToCompAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:to="ecd_AdjToCompAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToCompAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Compensation [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:label="ecd_MeasureAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:to="ecd_MeasureAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_MeasureAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Measure [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_PvpTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PvpTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pay vs Performance Disclosure, Table</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:label="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:to="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Company Selected Measure Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Named Executive Officers, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Peer Group Issuers, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Changed Peer Group, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">PEO Total Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">PEO Actually Paid Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment To PEO Compensation, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-PEO NEO Average Total Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" xlink:label="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" xlink:to="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-PEO NEO Average Compensation Actually Paid Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Non-PEO NEO Compensation Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Valuation Assumption Difference, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Total Shareholder Return</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Net Income</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Company Selected Measure</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total Shareholder Return Vs Peer Group</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Other Measure</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Tabular List, Table</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:label="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:to="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total Shareholder Return Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:label="ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:to="ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Peer Group Total Shareholder Return Amount</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" xlink:label="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" xlink:to="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Company Selected Measure Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" xlink:label="ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" xlink:to="ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Performance Measure, Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AdjToCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AdjToCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_AdjToCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Compensation, Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeoName" xlink:label="ecd_PeoName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PeoName" xlink:to="ecd_PeoName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PeoName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">PEO Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_MeasureName" xlink:label="ecd_MeasureName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_MeasureName" xlink:to="ecd_MeasureName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_MeasureName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-GAAP Measure Description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional 402(v) Disclosure</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pension Benefits Adjustments, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:label="ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:to="ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Erroneously Awarded Compensation Recovery [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDateAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:to="ecd_RestatementDateAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDateAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restatement Determination Date [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:to="ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restatement Determination Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_AggtErrCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AggtErrCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Erroneous Compensation Analysis</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Price or TSR Estimation Method</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Not Yet Determined</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery due to Expense of Enforcement, Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery due to Violation of Home Country Law, Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery due to Disqualification of Tax Benefits, Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery, Explanation of Impracticability</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restatement does not require Recovery</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:to="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Awards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing MNPI Disclosure</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing Method</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" xlink:to="ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing Predetermined</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" xlink:to="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing MNPI Considered</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing, How MNPI Considered</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" xlink:label="ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" xlink:to="ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">MNPI Disclosure Timed for Compensation Value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Awards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures, Table</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:to="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" xlink:label="ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" xlink:to="ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Underlying Securities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardExrcPrice" xlink:label="ecd_AwardExrcPrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardExrcPrice" xlink:to="ecd_AwardExrcPrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardExrcPrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise Price</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value as of Grant Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" xlink:label="ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" xlink:to="ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Underlying Security Market Price Change</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TradingArrByIndTable" xlink:label="ecd_TradingArrByIndTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TradingArrByIndTable" xlink:to="ecd_TradingArrByIndTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TradingArrByIndTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Arrangements, by Individual [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TradingArrAxis" xlink:label="ecd_TradingArrAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TradingArrAxis" xlink:to="ecd_TradingArrAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TradingArrAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Arrangement [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Material Terms of Trading Arrangement</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TrdArrIndName" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrIndName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TrdArrIndName" xlink:to="ecd_TrdArrIndName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrIndName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" xlink:to="ecd_TrdArrIndTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrIndTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:label="ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:to="ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:label="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:to="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate" xlink:to="ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adoption Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:label="ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:to="ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:label="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:to="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate" xlink:to="ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Termination Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate" xlink:to="ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Expiration Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TrdArrDuration" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrDuration" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TrdArrDuration" xlink:to="ecd_TrdArrDuration_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrDuration_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Arrangement Duration</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" xlink:label="ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" xlink:to="ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" xlink:label="ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" xlink:to="ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCurrentAssetsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other current assets</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, net</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsDisclosureTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investments at equity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract" xlink:label="CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract" xlink:to="CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Leases</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Leases</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payables and Accruals [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accruals and other current liabilities</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transactions [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related party transactions and balances</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Disclosure [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Bank loans</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income taxes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other income</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss per share</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts receivable, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="CUPR_OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="CUPR_OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="CUPR_OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Inventory</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="CUPR_DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="CUPR_DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="CUPR_DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred costs</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Impairment of long-lived assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investments at equity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair value measurements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue recognition</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ReconciliationOfRevenueFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfRevenueFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfRevenueFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfRevenueFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfRevenueFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Segments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Concentrations and credit risk</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and contingencies</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and development</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_RelatedPartiesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="CUPR_RelatedPartiesPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_RelatedPartiesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="CUPR_RelatedPartiesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_RelatedPartiesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related parties</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income taxes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="CUPR_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="CUPR_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Government grants</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Leases</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings (loss) per share</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription" xlink:label="us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription" xlink:to="us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Reclassification</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_ScheduleOfCompanyAndSubsidiariesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="CUPR_ScheduleOfCompanyAndSubsidiariesTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_ScheduleOfCompanyAndSubsidiariesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="CUPR_ScheduleOfCompanyAndSubsidiariesTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_ScheduleOfCompanyAndSubsidiariesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of company and subsidiaries</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of estimated useful lives</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of account receivable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of allowance doubtful accounts</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of contract assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of other current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfPublicUtilityPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPublicUtilityPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPublicUtilityPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPublicUtilityPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPublicUtilityPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of property and equipment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of financial information of the joint venture and associate</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="CUPR_ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="CUPR_ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of non-cancellable operating lease contracts</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="CUPR_ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="CUPR_ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of lease cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="CUPR_ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="CUPR_ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of supplemental cash flow information related to leases</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease" xlink:label="CUPR_ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease" xlink:to="CUPR_ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of other supplemental information about lease</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="CUPR_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="CUPR_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of accruals and other current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_ScheduleOfMajorRelatedPartiesAndTheirRelationshipsWithTheCompany" xlink:label="CUPR_ScheduleOfMajorRelatedPartiesAndTheirRelationshipsWithTheCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_ScheduleOfMajorRelatedPartiesAndTheirRelationshipsWithTheCompany" xlink:to="CUPR_ScheduleOfMajorRelatedPartiesAndTheirRelationshipsWithTheCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_ScheduleOfMajorRelatedPartiesAndTheirRelationshipsWithTheCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of major related parties and their relationships with the company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLongTermDebtTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLongTermDebtTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLongTermDebtTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLongTermDebtTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLongTermDebtTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of maturities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of significant components of the provision for income taxes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of reconciliation between of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of deferred tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_OtherExpenseTableTextBlock" xlink:label="CUPR_OtherExpenseTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_OtherExpenseTableTextBlock" xlink:to="CUPR_OtherExpenseTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_OtherExpenseTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of other income</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of calculation of basic and diluted net income per share</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of operation of business segments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription" xlink:label="CUPR_EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription" xlink:to="CUPR_EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Date of incorporation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of direct or indirect interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_PlaceOfIncorporation" xlink:label="CUPR_PlaceOfIncorporation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_PlaceOfIncorporation" xlink:to="CUPR_PlaceOfIncorporation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_PlaceOfIncorporation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Place of incorporation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Principal activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consolidation, Less-than-Wholly-Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effect of Change [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ownership interest</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued during period shares new issues</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SharePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share price</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from issuance initial public offering</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Estimated useful lives</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductInformationTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductInformationTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductInformationTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductInformationTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductInformationTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Nature of Operation, Product Information, Concentration of Risk [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Product Information [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_WorkingCapital" xlink:label="CUPR_WorkingCapital" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_WorkingCapital" xlink:to="CUPR_WorkingCapital_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_WorkingCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Working capital</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_4_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_4_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shareholders' deficit</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_InsuranceOfDeposit" xlink:label="CUPR_InsuranceOfDeposit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_InsuranceOfDeposit" xlink:to="CUPR_InsuranceOfDeposit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_InsuranceOfDeposit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Insurance of deposit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration risk percentage</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and development expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency, exchange rate</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts receivable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less: allowance for current expected credit loss</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total accounts receivable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for current expected credit loss, beginning balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Addition</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for current expected credit loss, ending balance</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_DisclosureContractAssetsAbstract" xlink:to="CUPR_DisclosureContractAssetsAbstract_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="CUPR_DisclosureContractAssetsAbstract_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Contract Assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance - beginning of the year</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase resulting from satisfaction of performance obligations</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less: progress billings</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance - end of the year</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prepayment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DepositAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositAssets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepositAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepositAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deposit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_OtherAssetCurrent" xlink:label="CUPR_OtherAssetCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_OtherAssetCurrent" xlink:to="CUPR_OtherAssetCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="CUPR_OtherAssetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other current assets</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total other current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, gross</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less: accumulated depreciation</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net book value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:to="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cost of revenue</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Defined Benefit Plan [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current assets</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net sales or gross revenue</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:to="us-gaap_GrossProfit_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Gross profit</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss attributable to the Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investment [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease term</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract" xlink:to="CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Amount Recognized In Consolidated Balance Sheets</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease right-of-use assets</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total operating lease liabilities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract" xlink:to="CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Lease Cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization of right-of-use assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FinanceLeaseInterestExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_FinanceLeaseInterestExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FinanceLeaseInterestExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_FinanceLeaseInterestExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FinanceLeaseInterestExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest of lease liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash flows from operating leases</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_FinanceLeasePayments" xlink:label="CUPR_FinanceLeasePayments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_FinanceLeasePayments" xlink:to="CUPR_FinanceLeasePayments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_FinanceLeasePayments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash flows from finance lease</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2025</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total future minimum lease payments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less imputed interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Present value of operating lease liabilities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less: current portion</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Long-term portion</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average discount rate - operating leases</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accruals</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableOtherCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableOtherCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableOtherCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableOtherCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableOtherCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other payables</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock, Class of Stock [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Stock [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1" xlink:label="srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1" xlink:to="srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Authorized share capital</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships" xlink:label="us-gaap_NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships" xlink:to="us-gaap_NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Relationships with the company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivables" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivables" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivables" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivables_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivables_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amount due from receivables balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amount due to payable balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2025</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2026</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2027</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2028</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2029</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebtCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current portion</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebtNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Long-term portion</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt instrument term</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_UnsecuredDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnsecuredDebt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_UnsecuredDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_UnsecuredDebt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnsecuredDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unsecured debt</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt instrument maturity date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Bank loan carrying amount</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss before tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss before tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss before tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss before tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments" xlink:label="CUPR_EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments" xlink:to="CUPR_EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="CUPR_EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss before tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss before tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net operating loss carried forward</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_DeferredTaxAssetGross" xlink:label="CUPR_DeferredTaxAssetGross" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_DeferredTaxAssetGross" xlink:to="CUPR_DeferredTaxAssetGross_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_DeferredTaxAssetGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred tax assets, gross</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation allowance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTable" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Loss Carryforwards [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statutory income tax rate</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Paid-up capital</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationDispositionOfBusiness" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationDispositionOfBusiness" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_GovernmentGrants" xlink:label="CUPR_GovernmentGrants" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="CUPR_GovernmentGrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Government grants</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_CashFundTransferRebates" xlink:label="CUPR_CashFundTransferRebates" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="cupr-20241231.xsd#CUPR_UsageOfCertifiedFacilities" xlink:label="CUPR_UsageOfCertifiedFacilities" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Disposal asset loss</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_RentalIncomeOperating" xlink:to="CUPR_RentalIncomeOperating_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_RentalIncomeOperating_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rental of motor vehicle</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other operating income expense net</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_4_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - basic</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss per ordinary share - basic (cents)</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss per ordinary share - diluted (cents)</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="CUPR_RenovationMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Renovation [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="CUPR_RelatedPartiesPolicyTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Related Parties [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="CUPR_OtherCurrentAssets_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Other current assets.</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="CUPR_InsuranceOfDeposit_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Insurance of deposit.</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="CUPR_OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Other Current Assets [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="CUPR_CustomerAMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Customer A [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_CustomerBMember" xlink:to="CUPR_CustomerBMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="CUPR_CustomerBMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Customer B [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_CustomerCMember" xlink:to="CUPR_CustomerCMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_VendorBMember" xlink:to="CUPR_VendorBMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_VendorCMember" xlink:to="CUPR_VendorCMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="CUPR_UnitedStateDollarMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">United State Dollar [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="CUPR_SingaporeDollarMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Singapore Dollar [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="CUPR_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Government Grants [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="CUPR_OtherAssetCurrent_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Other current assets.</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="CUPR_PlaceOfIncorporation_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Place of incorporation.</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares, Outstanding</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss), Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Gain (Loss) on Disposition of Property Plant Equipment</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Gain (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction, before Tax</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Receivable</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerAsset" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerAsset_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerAsset_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Contract with Customer, Asset</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Other Current Assets</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Inventories</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Other Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments to Acquire Property, Plant, and Equipment</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromInvestments_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromInvestments_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments for (Proceeds from) Investments</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayments of Bank Debt</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsOfFinancingCosts" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsOfFinancingCosts_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsOfFinancingCosts_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments of Financing Costs</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Period Increase (Decrease), Excluding Exchange Rate Effect</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Effect of Exchange Rate on Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Including Disposal Group and Discontinued Operations</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Including Disposal Group and Discontinued Operations</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery, Individual Name</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding Recovery, Individual Name</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:to="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Awards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures, Individual Name</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TrdArrIndName" xlink:to="ecd_TrdArrIndName_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrIndName_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Arrangement, Individual Name</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherCurrentAssetsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherCurrentAssetsTextBlock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCurrentAssetsTextBlock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Current Assets [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsDisclosureTextBlock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsDisclosureTextBlock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures Disclosure [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Operating Leases [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Operating Income and Expense [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Receivable [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="CUPR_OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="CUPR_DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investments [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Leases [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Current</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Contract with Customer, Asset, after Allowance for Credit Loss</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Contract with Customer, Asset, Cumulative Catch-up Adjustment to Revenue, Change in Measure of Progress</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="CUPR_OtherAssetCurrent" xlink:to="CUPR_OtherAssetCurrent_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="CUPR_OtherAssetCurrent_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">OtherAssetCurrent</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization, Property, Plant, and Equipment</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Undiscounted Excess Amount</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>16
<FILENAME>cupr-20241231_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover - shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 14, 2025</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">20-F<span></span>
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<td class="text">false<span></span>
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<td class="text">false<span></span>
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<td class="text">Dec. 31,  2024<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Period Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">FY<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Year Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">2024<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-42288<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Cuprina
Holdings (Cayman) Limited<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001995704<span></span>
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<td class="text">E9<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">c/o
Blk 1090<span></span>
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<td class="text">Lower
Delta Road #06-08<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Singapore<span></span>
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<td class="text">SG<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">169201<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Class
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">CUPR<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">No<span></span>
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<td class="text">No<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus', window );">Entity Current Reporting Status</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
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<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
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<td class="text">Non-accelerated Filer<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">true<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">false<span></span>
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<td class="text">U.S. GAAP<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">false<span></span>
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<td class="nump">7,365,000<span></span>
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<td class="text">6651<span></span>
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<td class="text">We
<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">Kreit & Chiu CPA LLP<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">Los
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">Blk
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</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Lower
Delta Road #06-08<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Singapore<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry', window );">Entity Address, Country</a></td>
<td class="text">SG<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">169201<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">+65<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">8512 7275<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_ContactPersonnelName', window );">Contact Personnel Name</a></td>
<td class="text">David
Quek Yong Qi<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorFirmId">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>PCAOB issued Audit Firm Identifier</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorFirmId</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:nonemptySequenceNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorLocation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorLocation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:internationalNameItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:internationalNameItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorOpinionTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-X<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 2<br> -Subsection 2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorOpinionTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_ContactPersonnelName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of contact personnel</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_ContactPersonnelName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentAccountingStandard">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing This can either be 'U.S. GAAP', 'International Financial Reporting Standards', or 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentAccountingStandard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:accountingStandardItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentAnnualReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as an annual report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentAnnualReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates whether any of the financial statement period in the filing include a restatement due to error correction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection w<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fiscal period values are FY, Q1, Q2, and Q3. 1st, 2nd and 3rd quarter 10-Q or 10-QT statements have value Q1, Q2, and Q3 respectively, with 10-K, 10-KT or other fiscal year statements having FY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fiscalPeriodItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in YYYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a registration statement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true for a Shell Company Report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentTransitionReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a transition report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 20-F<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13<br> -Subsection a-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentTransitionReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCountry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:countryCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressesLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if an emerging growth company has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 7A<br> -Section B<br> -Subsection 2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: Large Accelerated Filer, Accelerated Filer, Non-accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-T<br> -Number 232<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityShellCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityShellCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Is used on Form Type: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, 20-F, 6-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q/A, 20-F/A, 6-K/A, N-CSR, N-Q, N-1A.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_BusinessContactMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_BusinessContactMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>19
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 85,622<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 116,472<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 35,263<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,399<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,389<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,819<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrent', window );">Deferred costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">935,236<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,272,202<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,023,445<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">107,442<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">146,152<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">156,791<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet', window );">Inventories</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,272<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,730<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,665<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,217,401<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,656,030<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,435,049<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Noncurrent assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">42,685<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58,065<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,366<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">22,745<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,940<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">72,286<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments', window );">Investments at equity</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent', window );">Total noncurrent assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">65,430<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">89,005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">150,652<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">TOTAL ASSETS</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,282,831<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,745,035<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,585,701<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accruals and other payables</a></td>
<td class="nump">238,161<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">323,971<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">375,439<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LoansPayableToBankCurrent', window );">Bank loans, current</a></td>
<td class="nump">40,616<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">55,250<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,850<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent', window );">Lease liabilities, current</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,327<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,812<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">43,458<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,440,953<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,041,029<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,425,473<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Noncurrent liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermLoansFromBank', window );">Bank loans, non-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">120,362<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">163,728<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Lease liabilities, non-current</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,812<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Total noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">120,362<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">163,728<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,512<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">TOTAL LIABILITIES</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,561,315<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,204,757<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,482,985<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies', window );">COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; DEFICIT</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Additional paid in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">57,871<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,722<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,352,976)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,561,053)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,000,518)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,172)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,594)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">309<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total shareholders&#8217; deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,278,484)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,459,722)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,897,284)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; DEFICIT</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,282,831<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,745,035<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,585,701<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; DEFICIT</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary shares, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,870<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,264<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,264<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>SHAREHOLDERS&#8217; DEFICIT</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Ordinary shares, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,923<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,939<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,939<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember', window );">Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Amount due from related parties</a></td>
<td class="nump">68,430<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">93,085<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">161,066<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Amount due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,135,849<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,625,996<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,985,726<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax, of accumulated increase (decrease) in equity from transaction and other event and circumstance from nonowner source.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of excess of issue price over par or stated value of stock and from other transaction involving stock or stockholder. Includes, but is not limited to, additional paid-in capital (APIC) for common and preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(18))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 49<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-49<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: 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210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481404/852-10-50-7<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrentAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the caption on the face of the balance sheet to indicate that the entity has entered into (1) purchase or supply arrangements that will require expending a portion of its resources to meet the terms thereof, and (2) is exposed to potential losses or, less frequently, gains, arising from (a) possible claims against a company's resources due to future performance under contract terms, and (b) possible losses or likely gains from uncertainties that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events that are deemed likely to occur do occur or fail to occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of deferred costs capitalized at the end of the reporting period that are expected to be charged against earnings within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrent</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This item represents the carrying amount on the entity's balance sheet of its investment in common stock of an equity method investee. This is not an indicator of the fair value of the investment, rather it is the initial cost adjusted for the entity's share of earnings and losses of the investee, adjusted for any distributions (dividends) and other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481664/323-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after valuation and LIFO reserves of inventory expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability recognized for present obligation requiring transfer or otherwise providing economic benefit to others.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
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http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481404/852-10-50-7<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation due after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LoansPayableToBankCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of current portion of long-term loans payable to bank due within one year or the operating cycle if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(13)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LoansPayableToBankCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongTermLoansFromBank">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of loans from a bank with maturities initially due after one year or beyond the operating cycle if longer, excluding current portion.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(13)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermLoansFromBank</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's right to use underlying asset under operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance, of receivables classified as other, due within one year or the operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478451/942-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated undistributed earnings (deficit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-11<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-12<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 14: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480418/310-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>20
<FILENAME>R3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>21
<FILENAME>R4.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>SGD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Statement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 35,522<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 48,321<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 56,599<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">Cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="num">(37,745)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(51,345)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(64,168)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(36,621)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Gross profit</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,223)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,024)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,605<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,978<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating expenses:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,029,826)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,400,873)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(937,200)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(902,887)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development costs</a></td>
<td class="num">(177,433)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(241,362)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(167,734)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(292,879)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,207,259)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,642,235)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,104,934)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,195,766)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss from operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,209,482)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,645,259)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,068,329)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,175,788)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract', window );"><strong>Other income (expense):</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Other income</a></td>
<td class="nump">127,813<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">173,865<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,149<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">90,634<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Interest expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(27,354)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(37,210)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(56,587)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,017)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Total other (expense) income, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">100,459<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">136,655<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,438)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">88,617<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Income before tax expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,109,023)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,508,604)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,085,767)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,087,171)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Income tax expense</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_IncomeBeforeEquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates', window );">Income before equity in net earnings of affiliates</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,109,023)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,508,604)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,085,767)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,087,171)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_EquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates', window );">Equity in net earnings of affiliates</a></td>
<td class="num">(38,176)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(51,931)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(33,788)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,345)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,147,199)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,560,535)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,119,555)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,094,516)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract', window );"><strong>Other comprehensive loss:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentBeforeTax', window );">Foreign currency translation, net of income tax</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,399)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,903)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">570<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(261)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">Total comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (1,148,598)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,562,438)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,118,985)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,094,777)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Loss per share attributable to weighted average number of outstanding ordinary shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic (cents) | (per share)</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (6.38)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (8.68)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (6.22)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (6.08)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Diluted (cents) | (per share)</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (6.38)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (8.68)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (6.22)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (6.08)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted average number of outstanding ordinary shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Basic</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Diluted</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_EquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equit in net earnings of affiliates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_EquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_IncomeBeforeEquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Income before equity in net earnings of affiliates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_IncomeBeforeEquityInNetEarningsOfAffiliates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(26))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate cost of goods produced and sold and services rendered during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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-Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-52<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 323<br> -Name 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 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-Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrossProfit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482659/740-20-45-2<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest income (expense) classified as operating.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of income or expense from ancillary business-related activities (that is to say, excluding major activities considered part of the normal operations of the business).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpenses</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before tax, after reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-10A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentBeforeTax</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of other operating income and expenses, the components of which are not separately disclosed on the income statement, from items that are associated with the entity's normal revenue producing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for research and development. Includes, but is not limited to, cost for computer software product to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed and writeoff of research and development assets acquired in transaction other than business combination or joint venture formation or both. Excludes write-down of intangible asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, used in research and development activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482916/730-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 730<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479532/912-730-25-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479941/924-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-16<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Deficit<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Common Stock [Member] </div>
<div>Common Class A [Member] </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Common Stock [Member] </div>
<div>Common Class A [Member] </div>
<div>SGD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Common Stock [Member] </div>
<div>Common Class B [Member] </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Common Stock [Member] </div>
<div>Common Class B [Member] </div>
<div>SGD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Retained Earnings [Member] </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Retained Earnings [Member] </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member] </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member] </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>USD ($)</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>SGD ($)</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance at Dec. 31, 2021</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,264<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,939<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 78,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (786,447)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (683,522)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2021 | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,094,516)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,094,516)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Foreign currency translation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(261)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(261)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance at Dec. 31, 2022</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,264<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,939<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,880,963)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(261)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,778,299)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2022 | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,119,555)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,119,555)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Foreign currency translation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">570<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">570<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance at Dec. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,264<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,939<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,000,518)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">309<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,278,484)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,897,284)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2023 | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,560,535)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,147,199)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,560,535)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Foreign currency translation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,903)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,903)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Balance at Dec. 31, 2024</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,870<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,264<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,923<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,939<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 57,871<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 78,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,352,976)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,561,053)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,172)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,594)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,278,484)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,459,722)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2024 | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 323<br> -Name 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature, attributable to parent entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-19<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 810<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-20<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(3)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 810<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued which are neither cancelled nor held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesOutstanding</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (1,147,199)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,560,535)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,119,555)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,094,516)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">31,012<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,185<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,059<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,088<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment', window );">Loss on disposal of property and equipment</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,738<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableChangeInMethodCreditLossExpenseReversal', window );">Current expected credit loss on account receivables</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,409<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,780<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown', window );">Write-off on inventories</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,363<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,935<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses', window );">Lease related expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,553)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,112)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">106<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,935)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax', window );">Foreign exchange loss (gain)</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,280)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,741)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,484<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,050<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal', window );">Equity in net earnings of affiliates</a></td>
<td class="nump">38,176<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">51,931<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33,788<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,345<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Change in operating assets and liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable', window );">Account receivables</a></td>
<td class="nump">17,959<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,430<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(37,511)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(38,444)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerAsset', window );">Contract assets</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,488<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">192<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,821<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,639<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(32,122)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(103,297)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories', window );">Inventories</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,164)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,501)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade', window );">Accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(220)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities', window );">Accruals and other payables</a></td>
<td class="nump">90,835<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">123,562<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(45,863)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(266,857)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent', window );">Advance to related parties, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">51,257<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69,725<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">238,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(392,097)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash used in operating activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(908,609)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,235,981)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(894,981)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,849,674)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Purchase of property and equipment</a></td>
<td class="num">(16,088)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(21,884)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(67,977)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16,049)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromInvestments', window );">Investment at equity</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,235)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net cash used in investing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(16,088)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(21,884)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(67,977)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(31,284)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfBankDebt', window );">Repayments of bank loans</a></td>
<td class="num">(17,329)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(23,572)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(20,574)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(19,457)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt', window );">Proceeds from bank loans</a></td>
<td class="nump">147,026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfFinancingCosts', window );">Payments of financing costs</a></td>
<td class="num">(311,539)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(423,787)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(647,796)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt', window );">Advance from related parties, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,167,637<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,588,336<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,101,445<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,697,959<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">985,795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,340,977<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">433,075<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,678,502<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">Net change in cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">61,098<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">83,112<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(529,883)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(202,456)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">Foreign currency translation</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,399)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,903)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">570<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(261)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,923<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,263<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">564,576<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">767,293<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">Cash and cash equivalents - end of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">85,622<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">116,472<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,263<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">564,576<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract', window );"><strong>SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH FINANCING ACTIVITIES:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet', window );">Cash paid for interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">162<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">221<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">727<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,017<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_UnpaidDeferredOfferingCosts', window );">Unpaid deferred offering costs</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 242,287<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_UnpaidDeferredOfferingCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Unpaid deferred offering costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_UnpaidDeferredOfferingCosts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableChangeInMethodCreditLossExpenseReversal">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (reversal of expense) for expected credit loss on accounts receivable from change in methodology.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-11<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableChangeInMethodCreditLossExpenseReversal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including, but not limited to, disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; excluding effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Topic 830<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477401/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current period expense charged against earnings on long-lived, physical assets not used in production, and which are not intended for resale, to allocate or recognize the cost of such assets over their useful lives; or to record the reduction in book value of an intangible asset over the benefit period of such asset; or to reflect consumption during the period of an asset that is not used in production.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) from effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; held in foreign currencies; including, but not limited to, disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477401/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of an equity method investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(9)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of realized and unrealized gain (loss) from foreign currency transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482014/830-20-35-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481956/830-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481926/830-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481839/830-10-45-17<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment assets, including oil and gas property and timber property.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Change in recurring obligations of a business that arise from the acquisition of merchandise, materials, supplies and services used in the production and sale of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableTrade</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in amount due within one year (or one business cycle) from customers for the credit sale of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in right to consideration in exchange for good or service transferred to customer when right is conditioned on something other than passage of time.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate amount of obligations to be paid to the following types of related parties: a parent company and its subsidiaries; subsidiaries of a common parent; an entity and trust for the benefit of employees, such as pension and profit-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of the entities' management; an entity and its principal owners, management, or member of their immediate families, affiliates, or other parties with the ability to exert significant influence.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedPartiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate value of all inventory held by the reporting entity, associated with underlying transactions that are classified as operating activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in other obligations or expenses incurred but not yet paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash paid for interest, excluding capitalized interest, classified as operating activity. Includes, but is not limited to, payment to settle zero-coupon bond for accreted interest of debt discount and debt instrument with insignificant coupon interest rate in relation to effective interest rate of borrowing attributable to accreted interest of debt discount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-17<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestPaidNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of loss from reductions in inventory due to subsequent measurement adjustments, including, but not limited to, physical deterioration, obsolescence, or changes in price levels.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483080/330-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net cash paid (received) associated with the acquisition or disposal of all investments, including securities and other assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfFinancingCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for loan and debt issuance costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsOfFinancingCosts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from bank borrowing during the year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromBankDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from a long-term borrowing made from related parties where one party can exercise control or significant influence over another party; including affiliates, owners or officers and their immediate families, pension trusts, and so forth. Alternate caption: Proceeds from Advances from Affiliates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 323<br> -Name 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense related loan transactions, lease transactions, credit loss from transactions other than loan and lease transactions, and other loss based on assessment of uncollectability from the counterparty to reduce the account to their net realizable value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11B<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-11B<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow to settle a bank borrowing during the year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
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<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
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<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
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<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
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<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
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<td class="num">$ (1,147,199)<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (1,560,535)<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (1,119,555)<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (1,094,516)<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection v<br> -Paragraph 1<br></p></div>
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<td class="text"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Risk
Management and Strategy</b></span><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></span></p>

<div style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_907_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_zB4NjJvXsbo3">We
identify and assess material risks from cybersecurity threats to our information systems and the information residing in our information
systems by monitoring and evaluating our threat environment on an ongoing basis using various methods</span> including, for example, using manual
and automated tools, subscribing to reports and services that identify cybersecurity threats, analyzing reports of threats and threat
actors, conducting scans of the threat environment, and conducting risk assessments.</span></p>




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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
manage material risks from cybersecurity threats to <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_906_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zN9wJebuKlcb">our information systems and the information residing in our information systems through
various processes and procedures, including, depending on the environment, risk assessment, incident detection and response, vulnerability
management, disaster recovery and business continuity plans, internal controls within our accounting and financial reporting functions,
encryption of data, network security controls, access controls, physical security, asset management, systems monitoring, and employee
training.</span> <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_906_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_z9uQe7i1ooYf">We engage third-party service providers to provide some of the resources used in our information systems and some third-party
service providers have access to information residing in our information systems. With respect to such third parties, we seek to engage
reliable, reputable service providers that maintain cybersecurity programs.</span> Depending on the nature and extent of the services provided,
the sensitivity and quantity of information processed, and the identity of the service provider, our processes may include conducting
due diligence on the cybersecurity practices of such provider and contractually imposing cybersecurity related obligations on the provider.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are not aware of any risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any cybersecurity incidents, which have materially affected
or are reasonably likely to materially affect our Group, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.
Refer to &#8220;Item 3. Key Information&#8212;D. Risk Factors&#8212;Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry &#8212; Security breaches
and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.&#8221;</span></p>

</div><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></span><span></span>
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<td class="text">our information systems and the information residing in our information systems through
various processes and procedures, including, depending on the environment, risk assessment, incident detection and response, vulnerability
management, disaster recovery and business continuity plans, internal controls within our accounting and financial reporting functions,
encryption of data, network security controls, access controls, physical security, asset management, systems monitoring, and employee
training.<span></span>
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<td class="text"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Cybersecurity
Governance</i></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_908_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zaBR5pzPdBz4">Our
Board of Directors holds oversight responsibility over our Group&#8217;s risk management and strategy, including material risks related
to cybersecurity threats.</span> This oversight is executed directly by our board of directors and through its committees. Our audit committee
oversees the management of our Group&#8217;s major financial risk exposures, the steps management has taken to monitor and control such
exposures, and the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken and handled, which would include cybersecurity risks,
in accordance with its charter. <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_904_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskProcessForInformingBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zTTCiCBPbbU">The audit committee holds regular meetings and receives periodic reports from management regarding risk
management, including major financial risk exposures from cybersecurity threats or incidents.</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Within
management, the <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_906_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zMzk1djWu8Lg">Group&#8217;s <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_90A_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_zmnLptwjh1v6">Chief Financial Officer </span>is primarily responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity
threats</span> and keep the senior executive officers informed on a regular basis of the identification, assessment, and management of cybersecurity
risks and of any cybersecurity incidents. <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_903_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementExpertiseOfManagementResponsibleTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zhdEfdYAU0c4">Such management personnel have prior experience and training in managing information systems
and cybersecurity matters and participate in ongoing training programs.</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the date hereof, <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_90B_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantFlag_dbF_c20240101__20241231_zMj8SWHVksTh">the Company has not encountered cybersecurity incidents that the company believes to have been material to the Company
taken as a whole.</span></span></p>

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span></span>
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Board of Directors holds oversight responsibility over our Group&#8217;s risk management and strategy, including material risks related
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management, including major financial risk exposures from cybersecurity threats or incidents.<span></span>
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threats<span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Organization and business overview<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Organization and business overview</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock_zy64NWcd7qff" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>1</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="sk_008"></span><span id="xdx_829_zZcpL8YCQq76">Organization and business overview</span> </b></span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
Holdings (Cayman) Limited is an exempted company incorporated on September 22, 2023 under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The
Company, through its subsidiaries, manufactures, supplies and sells of medical devices (i.e. primarily Maggot Debridement
Therapy (&#8220;MDT&#8221;)), to manage and accelerate healing and closure of chronic wounds. The products are composed of
nature-based bioactive, in the form of advanced wound dressings, derived from sustainable sources. These products have applications
in the medical, cosmeceutical and nutraceutical industries and will be sold directly in Singapore, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong
and Mainland China through partnerships and rest of the world through distributorships. The Company and its subsidiaries are
collectively referred to as the &#8220;Company&#8221;. The Company is headquartered in Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Reorganization
of the Company&#8217;s legal structure (the &#8220;Reorganization&#8221;)</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company began business operations on August 28, 2019 when Cuprina Pte. Ltd. was incorporated in Singapore. As part of the Reorganization
for the purpose of the listing, Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on October 3, 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Reorganization was completed in January 2024. The Reorganization involved the transfer of <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member_zaGvHKdl7Ii1" title="Ownership interest">100%</span> of the equity interests in Cuprina Pte.
Ltd. from its original shareholders, Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd. to Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited. Subsequently, <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember_z7oTyZU8lvy3" title="Ownership interest">100%</span> of the equity interests
in Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited were transferred to the Company, Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited. Consequently, Cuprina Holdings
(Cayman) Limited became the holding company of all the entities mentioned above and resulted in a change in the reporting entity from
Cuprina Pte. Ltd. to Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Reorganization has been accounted for as a recapitalization among entities under common control since the same controlling shareholder,
Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd. controlled all these entities before and after the Reorganization. Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd. owned <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_zY55Fljog24d" title="Ownership interest">100.00%</span>
equity interest in all these entities before the Reorganization and <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPte.Ltd.Member_zY3FxsAHyM62" title="Ownership interest">78.25%</span> equity interest in all these entities through Cuprina Holdings
(Cayman) Limited after the Reorganization.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
a transaction that is considered to be a transfer of net assets or exchange of equity interest between entities under common control,
the receiving entity reflects the transfer as a change in the reporting entity on a retrospective basis. ASC 805-50-30-5 applies to transfers
of net assets or exchange of equity interest between entities under common control and requires the receiving entity to reflect the transfer
in a manner similar to a pooling of interests. A pooling of interests was the method of accounting for the reorganization. The consolidation
of the Company and its subsidiaries has been accounted for at historical cost and prepared on the basis as if the aforementioned transactions
(transfer of net assets or exchange of equity interest) had become effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the
accompanying consolidated financial statements. The assets and liabilities and results of operations for the periods presented comprise
those of the previously separate entities combined from the beginning of the period to the end of the period eliminating the effects
of intra-entity transactions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
consolidated financial statements of the Company include the following entities:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><img alt="" src="form20-f_005.jpg"/></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89B_ecustom--ScheduleOfCompanyAndSubsidiariesTableTextBlock_zspmI0KwhFg5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B7_zis8qEmxKDI9" style="display: none">Schedule
of company and subsidiaries</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"></p>

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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 16%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Date
    of incorporation</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    activities</b></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
                                            Holdings (Cayman) Limited</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 15.55pt; text-indent: -15.55pt"></p></td>
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    <td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_zSM1WyyyZwGe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">September
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td id="xdx_985_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_zoP9iN0DVzd9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cayman
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_z5H4JDoVmvk1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holding
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
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    <td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaUnitedStatesInc.Member_ziAjyWiq2hse" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
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    <td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaUnitedStatesInc.Member_zbdGAdoSMfcd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8AC_zG3XYyAFxKSe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/10.5pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 28.35pt; text-align: justify">On April 11, 2025, the Company
has completed the Initial Public Offering (&#8220;IPO&#8221;) of <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20250411__20250411__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zMoBbne5Valk" title="Stock issued during period shares new issues">3,000,000</span> Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq Capital Market, at a public
offering price of US$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_pid_c20250411__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z4mV3RLUwRxi" title="Share price">4.00</span> per share, and give rise to total gross proceeds of US$<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering_pn5n6_c20250411__20250411__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z2PWJt0ESqGl" title="Proceeds from issuance initial public offering">12.0</span> million. The Ordinary Shares were previously approved
for listing on Nasdaq Capital Markets on April 9, 2025 and commenced trading under the ticker symbol &#8220;CUPR&#8221; on April 10, 2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/10.5pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 28.35pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/10.5pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 28.35pt; text-align: justify">On May 8, 2025, the Company has
closed the sale of an additional <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20250508__20250508__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zBkjdtjGdqv" title="Stock issued during period shares new issues">450,000</span> Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company, pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriter&#8217;s
over-allotment option granted in connection with the Company&#8217;s IPO, at the IPO price of US$<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_pid_c20250508__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zWBuDTap8Ejf" title="Share price">4.00</span> per share.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock', window );">Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80B_eus-gaap--SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_zfmVjNQz9Pee" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_82B_zmMwS2Ea3cOh">Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies </span></b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p id="xdx_843_eus-gaap--BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_zMCZy5LZU5y1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_865_zkdTM3rUtgq6">Basis
of presentation</span></span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
summary of significant accounting policies is presented to assist in understanding the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements
and have been consistently applied in the preparation of the financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2024. The accompanying
consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America (&#8220;US GAAP&#8221;) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (&#8220;SEC&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--SubstantialDoubtAboutGoingConcernTextBlock_zOIkviFzFmhd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_860_zXX6cXSmuAjh">Going
concern</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates,
among other things, the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company had a working
capital deficiency of S$<span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uSGD_c20231231_zyIzbXnsU3ol" title="Working capital">2,990,424</span> and S$<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uSGD_c20241231_zVADhs75n3cd" title="Working capital">4,384,999</span> (US$<span id="xdx_905_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20231231_zhxrZUP7Lof8" title="Working capital"><span id="xdx_902_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zGToqDIf6UVc" title="Working capital">3,223,552</span></span>) and a shareholders&#8217; deficit of S$<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uSGD_c20231231_zzeipXTsm9qh" title="Shareholders' deficit">2,897,284</span> and S$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uSGD_c20241231_zY1lyKwGqcRk" title="Shareholders' deficit">4,459,722</span> (US$<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uUSD_c20231231_zkfCbkiERuI4" title="Shareholders' deficit"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zxcZbpbEupKg" title="Shareholders' deficit">3,278,484</span></span>)
as at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. These factors, among others, raises substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability
to continue as a going concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify">On
April 11, 2025, the Company has completed the Initial Public Offering (&#8220;IPO&#8221;) of 3,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares on
Nasdaq Capital Market, at a public offering price of US$4.00 per share, and give rise to total gross proceeds of US$12.0 million.
The gross proceeds raised enable us to meet our liabilities as and when they fall due, and sufficient to meet our operational needs
over the next 12 months. We believe the completion of the IPO alleviates the substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability to
continue as a going concern.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going
concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">Significant
account policies</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_zx5jJuSJz291" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_861_zRvbLhnEuhw1">Consolidation</span></i></span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries. All inter-company
balances, investment and capital, if any, have been eliminated upon consolidation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_zUXTz3lFTCt4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_860_zkM6OrFbkIna">Use
of estimates </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions
that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated
assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances,
the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent
from other sources. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements include, but
are not limited to, the useful lives and impairment of long-lived assets, and collectability of accounts receivable and other current
assets. Actual results may differ from these estimates.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p id="xdx_843_ecustom--CashFlowsReportingPolicyTextBlock_z8Lew5BzOli3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_867_zHEhNYr9nWX5">Cash
Flows Reporting</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
follow ASC 230, Statements of Cash Flows, for cash flows reporting, and classify cash receipts and payments according to whether they
stem from operating, investing, or financing activities and provides definitions of each category. We use the indirect or reconciliation
method (&#8220;Indirect method&#8221;) as defined by ASC 230, Statement of Cash Flows, to report net cash flow from operating activities
by adjusting net income (loss) to reconcile it to net cash flow from operating activities by removing the effects of all deferrals of
past operating cash receipts and payments and all accruals of expected future operating cash receipts and payments and all items that
are included in net (loss) income that do not affect operating cash receipts and payments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zyeOh67vzSj5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_861_zbG1h1zIWaJg">Cash
and cash equivalents </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
equivalents primarily consist of bank deposits with original maturities of three months or less, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal
and use.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock_zbL4aXh2NW8h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_867_zvMdsye3fkph">Accounts
receivable, net</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accounts
receivable mainly represent amounts due from customers that meet the revenue recognition criteria. These accounts receivables are recorded
net of any allowance for credit losses and specific customer credit allowances. The Company maintains an allowance for estimated credit
losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses
adjusted to take into account current market conditions and the Company&#8217;s customers&#8217; financial condition, the receivable
amount in dispute, and the current receivables aging and current payment patterns, over the contractual life of the receivable. The Company
writes off the receivable when it is determined to be uncollectible.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p id="xdx_846_ecustom--OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zktl8HNWelO4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86C_zHDU1lJ3Ycr6">Other
current assets </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
current assets, net, primarily consists of deposits, prepayments made to vendors or services providers for future services that have
not been provided, and other receivables from third parties. These advances are unsecured and are reviewed periodically to determine
whether their carrying value has become impaired. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, management believes that the Company&#8217;s other
current assets are not impaired.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--InventoryPolicyTextBlock_zBS28TCKwVG5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_868_z1EuyC5fmtJ9">Inventory</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inventories
are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in, first-out principle, and
includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_849_ecustom--DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock_zvrCT7rNjIog" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_866_zVPQYNLRFul5">Deferred
costs</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to ASC 340-10-25-2, deferred costs attributable to preproduction costs related to long-term supply arrangements shall be capitalized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, pursuant to ASC 340-10-S99-1, offering costs directly attributable to an offering of equity securities are deferred and would
be charged against the gross proceeds of the offering as a reduction of additional paid-in capital. These costs include legal and consulting
fees related to the registration statement, and the expenses related to the SEC filing and printing. As of December 31, 2024, the Company
did not conclude its IPO.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_zilj2bCWwla9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86C_zaoj8pEPIhkb">Property
and equipment, net </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zsuErjUOdmgh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property
and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if applicable. The Company computes depreciation using
the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B3_zi3qFEb570Fi">Schedule
of estimated useful lives</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    and equipment</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Capitalize
    of lease term or expected useful life</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Motor
    vehicles</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--MotorVehiclesMember_zYFG8aeTJ611" title="Estimated useful lives">5</span>
    years</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Computers</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    years</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furniture
    and fittings</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--FurnitureAndFittingsMember_zITRdbjVjMs4" title="Estimated useful lives">3</span>
    years</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Renovation</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--RenovationMember_zBoQrEYei2Q6" title="Estimated useful lives">5</span>
    years</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office
    equipment</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--OfficeEquipmentMember_zKcoQvM9jxif" title="Estimated useful lives">3</span>
    years</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p id="xdx_8A9_zZy525QR1nya" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is
included in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to
expense as incurred, while additions renewals and betterments, which are expected to extend the useful life of assets, are capitalized.
The Company also re-evaluates the periods of depreciation to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates
of useful lives.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_z6lCpjZMdEwi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86B_zNizwz9YY20a">Impairment
of long-lived assets </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets (asset groups), including property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use
assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of its asset (asset group) may not
be fully recoverable. When these events occur, the Company measures impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the
estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset (asset group) and their eventual disposition. If
the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset (asset group), the Company recognizes an
impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset (asset group) over their fair value. Fair value is generally
determined by discounting the cash flows expected to be generated by the asset (asset group), when the market prices are not readily
available. The adjusted carrying amount of the asset is the new cost basis and is depreciated over the asset&#8217;s remaining useful
life. Long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely
independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, no impairment of long-lived
assets was observed and recognized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_z2KJe0YNIPV5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_868_zljREK5hdyql">Investments
at equity</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to ASC 323-30-25-1, the joint venture is accounted for using the equity method of accounting as the Company has the ability to exercise
significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investee but does not have a controlling financial interest. Our judgment
regarding the level of influence over an equity method investment includes considering key factors such as our ownership interest, representation
on the board of directors, participation in policy making decisions and material intercompany transactions. Under this method of accounting,
the Company records its proportionate share of the net earnings or losses of the equity method investee and a corresponding increase
or decrease to the investment balance. The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes
in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the investments at equity of the Company were S$<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iI_dxL_c20231231_zI2gcxYUAC31" title="::XDX::-"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0832">nil</span></span>
and S$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iI_dxL_c20241231_zTG93qExicW9" title="::XDX::-"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0833">nil</span></span> (US$nil),
respectively. There is a general presumption that equity method should be suspended and losses should not be recognized in excess of
the total investment (including any additional advances). It is important that investors continue to track unrecognized equity
method losses to determine when to record subsequent period equity method earnings. However, an investor may record losses in excess
of the carrying amount of the investment if the investor has guaranteed the investee&#8217;s obligations or has committed to provide
further financial support to the investee, as described in ASC 323-10-35-20.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zzGgDIYVaV4a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_865_z9VcWWMUMEPf">Fair value measurements</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ASC
820 defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required
or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in pricing the asset or liability.
ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
    1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-
    observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
    2</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-
    other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
    3</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-
    unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity. </span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, contract assets, inventories, accounts payable,
amount due to related parties, and accruals and other payables approximate their fair values because of their generally short maturities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_zquW4Y0Bgi7b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_863_zyoVBdK7rCm7">Revenue
recognition</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company follows the revenue requirements of Accounting Standards Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with
Customers (Topic 606) (&#8220;Accounting Standards Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 606&#8221;). The core principle underlying the revenue
recognition of this ASC allows the Company to recognize revenue that represents the transfer of goods and services to customers in an
amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in such exchange. This will require the Company to
identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based
on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
achieve that core principle, the Company applies a five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts. The five-step model
requires that the Company (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii)
determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal
will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue
when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
are generally recognized upon the transfer of control of promised products or services provided to our customers, reflecting the amount
of consideration we expect to receive for those products or services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
Company generates revenue from the following streams:</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Sales
of Maggot Debridement Therapy Product</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes revenue from the respective hospitals after 36 hours from the delivery of the vials to the hospital for their treatment
of respective patients, as the storage life of the vials are only 36 hours from the production and this is when the customer could direct
the use of and obtain the benefits of their service. Maggot Debridement Therapy product is typically sold without a discount for early
payment, rebates or rights of return.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment
terms are generally 30 days from the date of invoice. The point of invoice is typically upon completion of the overall service and treatment,
as at this point the Company is able to conclude whether the patient will be receiving (i) ala carte orders, (ii) one (1) week packages,
or (iii) one (1) month packages, and invoice accordingly. The Company&#8217;s product sales contracts are primarily with customers, which
is the hospital. The revenue occurs at a point in time, when the customer received the vials or maggots for their treatment to the respective
patients. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit
of account for revenue recognition. A contract&#8217;s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized
as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company&#8217;s performance obligations are satisfied upon 36 hours
from the delivery of maggots for the treatment of respective patients from the doctor at the estimated net realizable amount for those
services and goods.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Sales
of Cosmeceutical Product</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company provides sale of cosmeceutical product to its customers. Revenue from sale of cosmeceutical product is recognized when the Company
satisfies a performance obligation at a point in time which generally coincides with delivery and acceptance of the good sold. The customer
would indicate the acceptance of the goods sold to them through acknowledgment on the delivery order. Cosmeceutical product is typically
sold with a right of return and without discount for early payment and rebates. Accumulated experience is used to estimate and provide
for such returns at the time of sale. There has been no event for return of goods since the launching of the product.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--ReconciliationOfRevenueFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock_zHEEuyczRIne" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_860_zn2qTooU3te6">Segments</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ASC
280, &#8220;Segment Reporting&#8221;, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent
with the Company&#8217;s internal organizational structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major
clients in financial statements for detailing the Company&#8217;s business segments. Based on the criteria established by ASC 280, the
Company&#8217;s chief operating decision maker (&#8220;CODM&#8221;) has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated
results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Company. As a whole and hence, the Company
has only two reportable segments, being the Maggot Debridement Therapy Product and Cosmeceutical Product.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_z1FlgSnmyDal" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><i><span id="xdx_86F_zB1JsKWPWFyi">Concentrations
and credit risk</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company maintains cash with banks in Singapore (&#8220;SGN&#8221;). Should any bank holding cash become insolvent, or if the Company
is otherwise unable to withdraw funds, the Company would lose the cash with that bank; however, the Company has not experienced any losses
in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant risks on its cash in bank accounts. In Singapore, a depositor has
up to S$<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--InsuranceOfDeposit_iI_c20241231_zm0PE9ArxuYe" title="Insurance of deposit">100,000</span> insured by Singapore Deposit Insurance Corporation (&#8220;SDIC&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial
instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts
receivable. The Company has designed their credit policies with an objective to minimize their exposure to credit risk. The Company&#8217;s
accounts receivable are short term in nature and the associated risk is minimal. The Company conducts credit evaluations on its clients
and generally does not require collateral or other security. The Company periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of the existing
clients in determining the allowance for current expected credit loss primarily based upon the age of the receivables and factors surrounding the
credit risk of specific clients.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2023, the Company&#8217;s assets were located in Singapore and Malaysia, and the Company&#8217;s revenue was principally
derived from the operations in Singapore. As of December 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s assets were located in Singapore, Malaysia and
United States of America, and the Company&#8217;s revenue was principally derived from the operation in Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the year ended December 31, 2023, customer A, customer B, customer C, customer D, and customer E accounted for <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zSYWb335fly" title="Concentration risk percentage">22.0%</span>, <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zjfHPZ1ugWF7" title="Concentration risk percentage">18.1%</span>, <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z97mlT0Aopzd" title="Concentration risk percentage">17.0%</span>, <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zdvHIsEwEWA5" title="Concentration risk percentage">13.4%</span>
and <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zHCFODkd9tAg" title="Concentration risk percentage">10.7%</span> of the Company&#8217;s total revenue and <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zU1lXfwoKv38" title="Concentration risk percentage">25.1%</span>, <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zFnYFPylwfl5" title="Concentration risk percentage">22.8%</span>, <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zJqmUPbzLSai" title="Concentration risk percentage">7.9%</span>, <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zmG488xmBUD3" title="Concentration risk percentage">6.5%</span>, and <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zseZifa5hO95" title="Concentration risk percentage">26.0%</span> of the Company&#8217;s total accounts receivable
as of December 31, 2023, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, customer A, customer B, customer C, customer E , and customer
F accounted for <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zMjQPtmlEQK5" title="Concentration risk percentage">8.3%</span>, <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z5jGQEJ7QKP9" title="Concentration risk percentage">13.4%</span>, <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zrZFPs2zxtM4" title="Concentration risk percentage">23.8%</span>, <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zRNAs6CpTJge" title="Concentration risk percentage">20.9%</span> and <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zsXmdkCpCOrh" title="Concentration risk percentage">4.8%</span> of the Company&#8217;s total revenue and <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zusOsYrllUK5" title="Concentration risk percentage">39.0%</span>, <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z1xlOa3PJ4Ei" title="Concentration risk percentage">32.5%</span>, <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zkaIRJsUjs67" title="Concentration risk percentage">0.0%</span>, <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zoRd4FdHUlX8" title="Concentration risk percentage">3.0%</span> and <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerFMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z3EULGqNCNFb" title="Concentration risk percentage">3.2%</span> of the
Company&#8217;s total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the year ended December 31, 2023, vendor A, vendor B, vendor C, and vendor D accounted for <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zIVic8ABFOa2" title="Concentration risk percentage">34.6%</span>, <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zu2wxIM9EQGl" title="Concentration risk percentage">19.4%</span>, <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zOde9mFoVofg" title="Concentration risk percentage">18.3%</span>, and <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_ztYxsfipbP41" title="Concentration risk percentage">9.9%</span> of the Company&#8217;s
total purchases, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, vendor A and vendor C accounted for <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z1Zd37CvPWs2" title="Concentration risk percentage">67.4%</span> and <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z4eI50LU1wna" title="Concentration risk percentage">18.0%</span> of the Company&#8217;s
total purchases, respectively. </span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None
of the vendors consisted of more than 10% of accounts payable as of December 31, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_zon9MJjw3NE9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><i><span id="xdx_86D_zcCHDFJeTmB4">Commitments
and contingencies</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and claims arising out of the business
that relate to a wide range of matters, such as government investigations and tax matters. The Company recognizes a liability for such
contingency if it determines it is probable that a loss will be incurred and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. The Company
may consider many factors in making these assessments including historical and the specific facts and circumstances of each matter.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Employee
benefits</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Employee
benefits are recognized as an expense, unless the cost qualifies to be capitalized as an asset.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>i)</i></span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Defined
  contribution plan</span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 28.15pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Defined
contribution plan are post-employment benefit plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into separate entities such as
the Central Provident Fund on a mandatory, and contractual basis. The Company has no further payment obligations once the
contributions have been paid.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.9in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_zx5aeA3KZlKl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><i><span id="xdx_862_zmnGhEL9Vt8h">Research
and development</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the design and development of products, the Company expenses all research costs as incurred, which primarily
comprise internal and external costs related to execution of studies. For the year ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, research
and development expenses were S$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uSGD_c20220101__20221231_zosc3wWgqwvd" title="Research and development expenses">292,879</span>, S$<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uSGD_c20230101__20231231_zc17G8FRfPQj" title="Research and development expenses">167,734</span>
and S$<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uSGD_c20240101__20241231_zRLXn3BxX5Sh" title="Research and development expenses">241,362</span>
(US$<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uUSD_c20230101__20231231_zc1ol9e5IZ62" title="Research and development expenses"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zspCTmkb5JFb" title="Research and development expenses">177,433</span></span>),
respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_844_ecustom--RelatedPartiesPolicyTextBlock_zjczo0MT2h9i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_865_zQAddde9Woyb">Related
parties</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Parties
are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant
influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject
to common control or significant influence of the same party, such as a family member or relative, shareholder, or a related corporation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company follows ASC 850 Related Party Disclosures for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_zDtkMTMjfRLk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86A_zXWySm1AX0aa">Foreign
currency </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in Singapore Dollars (&#8220;S$&#8221;), which is the reporting currency
of the Company. The functional currencies of the Company are the Singapore Dollar, United State Dollar, Malaysia Ringgit, Renminbi and
Hong Kong Dollar.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Translations
of the consolidated balance sheet, consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, consolidated statement of changes in
shareholders&#8217; deficit and consolidated statement of cash flows from S$ into US$ as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024
are solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the rate of US$<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--UnitedStateDollarMember_zcbRyNQdnmN2" title="Foreign currency, exchange rate">0.7351</span> = S$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--SingaporeDollarMember_zx9G6HRaf4Uf" title="Foreign currency, exchange rate">1</span>, as set forth in the statistical release
of the Monetary Authority Singapore on December 31, 2024. No representation is made that the SGD amounts could have been, or could be,
converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 31, 2024, or at any other rate.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_zTO5Lh83VYt8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86B_zy9uLbEJ4bid">Income
taxes</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accounts for income taxes under FASB ASC 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences
attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their
respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are also provided for net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized to offset future
taxable income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary
differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized
in income in the period including the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established, when necessary, to reduce net deferred tax
assets to the amount expected to be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing
authorities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
provisions of FASB ASC 740-10-25, &#8220;Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,&#8221; prescribe a more-likely-than-not threshold
for consolidated financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. This
interpretation also provides guidance on the recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred
income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and related disclosures.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company did not accrue any liability, interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in its provision for income taxes for
the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024. The Company does not expect that its assessment regarding uncertain tax positions will materially
change over the next 12 months.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_840_ecustom--GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_zYZsiEK8bz19" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_866_zs5Ja5WKLjef">Government
grants</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Government
grants are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied
with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs,
for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as income in equal amounts
over the expected useful life of the related asset.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_zzANDdOhMhY2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86C_zTIKj1CPRk3f">Leases</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company adopted ASC 842 on January 1, 2019. The Company is a lessee of non-cancellable operating leases for its corporate office premises
and production space. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Lease assets and liabilities are recognized at
the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value
of the future lease payments is the Company&#8217;s incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement
date. The Company generally uses the base, non-cancellable lease term in calculating the right-of-use assets and liabilities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less.
The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with its short-term leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company evaluates the impairment of its right-of-use assets consistent with the approach applied for its other long-lived assets. The
assessment of possible impairment is based on its ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future
pre-tax cash flows of the related operations. The Company has elected to include the carrying amount of finance and operating lease liabilities
in any tested asset group and include the associated lease payments in the undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows. For the years ended
December 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company did not have any impairment loss against its operating lease right-of-use assets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_zho4AvajcAUi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_869_zMKBGIVwkSLf">Earnings
(loss) per share</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number
of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if outstanding
stock options, warrants and convertible debt were exercised or converted into ordinary shares. When the Company incurs a loss, diluted
shares are not included, as their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect. The Company did not have any dilutive securities or debt
for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_zeAM1ZBrqGNd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_86A_z1xqWLIANWI5">Reclassification</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify">Certain prior period accounts have been reclassified to be in conformity
with current period presentation.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zFvf0PH9Kb6d" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86D_zMtJF8P5F3sd">Recent
Accounting Pronouncements </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 22.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company is an &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; (&#8220;EGC&#8221;) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012
(the &#8220;JOBS Act&#8221;). Under the JOBS Act, an EGC can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to
the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company made the election to delay the
adoption of new or revised accounting standards.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, &#8220;Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject
to Contractual Sale Restrictions&#8221;, which clarifies that contractual sale restrictions are not considered in measuring fair value
of equity securities and requires additional disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The standard
is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted
the ASU on January 1, 2024. The additional required disclosures did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting&#8212;Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). The standard
requires incremental disclosures related to reportable segments, including disaggregated expense information and the title and position
of the company&#8217;s chief operating decision maker (&#8220;CODM&#8221;), as identified for purposes of segment determination. The
ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December
15, 2024. Entities must adopt the changes to the segment reporting guidance on a retrospective basis. The Company adopted the ASU on
January 1, 2024. The additional required disclosures did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, &#8220;Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,&#8221; which requires
disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#8217;s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid.
The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital
allocation decisions. The standard will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption
is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements
and does not expect materials impact to its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02 Codification Improvements &#8211; Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements.
This ASU amends the ASC by removing references to various FASB Concepts Statements to simplify the ASC and draw a distinction between
authoritative and non-authoritative literature. The amendments in this update apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the
affected accounting guidance and are effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption
is permitted in any interim or annual period in which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company is in the process of
assessing the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. This ASU
requires disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. ASU 2024-03 is
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2027. ASU 2024-03 should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date
of this ASU or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is in the process of assessing
the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
as mentioned above, the Group does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted,
would have a material effect on the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and cash flows.</span></p>

<p id="xdx_85A_zYWsAc2X99d3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p id="xdx_8AC_zJkYC5ERlcR4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock_z4LlSpERGn2d" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Movement
of allowance for current expected credit loss are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_zSBr3AIjLd19" style="display: none">Schedule
of allowance doubtful accounts</span></span></p>

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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_iS_z0fliIJcjBrb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Allowance
    for current expected credit loss, beginning balance</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11,958</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">20,738</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_iS_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z6QbVRKE20aj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">15,728</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease_zlsgiFRxYjyh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Addition</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,780</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">28,409</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zLtw9bTmMmVg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">21,545</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_iE_z1EMbIEMCQNe" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Allowance
    for current expected credit loss, ending balance</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">20,738</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">49,147</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_iE_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z2QHa3aXR7Vj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">37,273</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8A1_zl9cjHPLxj45" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for accounts receivable, contract receivable, receivable held-for-sale, and nontrade receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/310/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/326/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Contract assets<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_DisclosureContractAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Contract Assets</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_ContractAssetsTextBlock', window );">Contract assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80A_ecustom--ContractAssetsTextBlock_zR5OaGaVJaA7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_825_zUjBMiNUal3c">Contract assets</span></b></span></p>




<p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_zb30rqyA4fx2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_z6K6OeIPOISa" style="display: none">Schedule
of contract assets</span></b></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230101__20231231_zw59r3K7pHRe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20240101__20241231_zWfA6jEZK557" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iS_zCazgu2MhZ6j" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance
    - beginning of the year</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,488</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0966">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iS_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zjTFlVYMAXrg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Balance - beginning of the year"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0968">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice_zDMpPqRht34g" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Increase
    resulting from satisfaction of performance obligations</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0970">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0971">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zlYqXXMlvq8f" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Increase resulting from satisfaction of performance obligations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0973">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress_iN_di_z9KiTTDK49Yl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less:
    progress billings</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2,488</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0976">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress_iN_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z9G1yLgUUYa4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: progress billings"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0978">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iE_zmapzk5FNqR2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance
    - end of the year</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0980">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0981">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iE_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zb8YvhwfqZag" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Balance - end of the year"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0983">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A7_zhz6elSIhvo" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_ContractAssetsTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Contract Assets [Text Block]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_DisclosureContractAssetsAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other current assets<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCurrentAssetsTextBlock', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_800_eus-gaap--OtherCurrentAssetsTextBlock_zn4XxqjJvl62" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>5</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_82F_zVaHnu767m5l">Other current assets</span></b></span></p>




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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_iI_maOACzP4B_zJetvYl8TGMk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">72,603</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">79,727</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zc3Sbr6lQmc2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Prepayment"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">58,610</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DepositAssets_iI_maOACzP4B_z0JxCLvXiED1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--OtherAssetCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zdtS8gItCQR5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1001">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"></p>

<p id="xdx_8AB_zu4HplqJZHCi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for other current assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property and equipment, net<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_803_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_zGRpIDnn3ZXb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>6</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_827_ztdzz73ySd1l">Property and equipment, net</span></b></span></p>




<p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfPublicUtilityPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zEDSK170fi4c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b><span id="xdx_8B3_zYKjxuxtk1zi" style="display: none">Schedule
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20231231_zQh4bseLMwJf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20241231_zLcWkoGHGbjg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--ComputerEquipmentMember_z12RlxYeywhk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Computers</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17,793</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17,793</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--ComputerEquipmentMember_zD2XcmFHSug5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">13,080</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesMember_zYptDEFcLMug" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Furniture
    and Fittings</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">36,038</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">57,272</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesMember_zDNyswcbilXd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">42,102</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--BuildingImprovementsMember_zBXEyXYeCTBi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Renovation</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">96,098</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">96,098</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--BuildingImprovementsMember_zR3zfzxaQaoh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">70,645</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--OfficeEquipmentMember_zBHzP16a6J74" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Office
    Equipment</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35,447</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">36,097</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--OfficeEquipmentMember_znWeMcqYfBEg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26,536</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_maPPAENzvW9_zhRtK9q0pkDj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">185,376</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">207,260</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231_z7MFEhDlvWt9" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">152,363</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_di_msPPAENzvW9_z2JBbkalgY44" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less:
    accumulated depreciation</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(107,010</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(149,195</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zyvtYhx6yvfi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: accumulated depreciation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(109,678</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iTI_mtPPAENzvW9_zl1o8Ossz8ed" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    book value</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">78,366</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">58,065</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zmQA00pJcFY1" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Net book value"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">42,685</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AD_zrtf9Ssl7Eyd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depreciation
expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024 was S$<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--Depreciation_c20220101__20221231_zE8dUbV60847" title="Depreciation expense">29,088</span>, S$<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--Depreciation_c20240101__20241231_zmzuyPUagEXg" title="Depreciation expense">35,059</span>
and S$<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--Depreciation_c20230101__20231231_zl9qivwbWz3d" title="Depreciation expense">42,185</span>
(US$<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--Depreciation_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z04sFbiWS097" title="Depreciation expense">31,012</span>)
respectively, out of which S$<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation_c20220101__20221231_zRqdv3ZZthY6" title="Cost of revenue">1,932</span>, S$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation_c20240101__20241231_zMmohssIN8aj" title="Cost of revenue">8,064</span>
and S$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation_c20230101__20231231_z13AZtgKZ3xb" title="Cost of revenue">10,499</span>
(US$<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zAvmrw3chXsi" title="Cost of revenue">7,718</span>)
of the depreciation expense was recognized in the cost of revenue.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Investments at equity<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Investments at equity</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsDisclosureTextBlock_zrfEtKlQdiS8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>7</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_827_zOoNi319lQhf">Investments at equity</span></b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Biotherapeutic
Solutions Sdn. Bhd. (&#8220;BSSB&#8221;) &#8211; Malaysia</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company owned a <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20220707__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_zq0YxkAZTJSa" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests">50</span>% interest in Cuprina GHHS LLP, a joint arrangement which was established on July 7, 2022 with GHHS Healthcare Management
Sdn, Bhd (&#8220;GHHS&#8221;). This joint arrangement was principally engaged in wound management services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subsequently,
on February 1, 2023, the joint arrangement has ceased operations following the incorporation and replacement from the new joint venture
entity, namely Biotherapeutic Solutions Sdn. Bhd. of which the Company owned a <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230201__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_z5RBw0MWCvql" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests">40</span>% equity interest under the new agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
July 11, 2023, the joint venture agreement has been terminated with an immediate effect following the mutual agreement from both parties
and the joint venture entity has been closed down accordingly. The parties have agreed that any residual net assets or liabilities from
the joint venture entity belong to GHHS.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Cuprina
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
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of medical laboratories and supporting medical services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_z6QP6ZhhfoH4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Summarized
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BD_z1Lq1YdqCXdi" style="display: none">Schedule
of financial information of the joint venture and associate</span></span></p>

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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,532</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1086">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_438_c20220101__20221231_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_zixQG6IT9qw2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(14,690</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1090">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(14,690</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_433_c20220101__20221231_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_zcrU8zm6W79k" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Net loss attributable to the Company</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(7,345</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(7,345</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B2_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zMViUqS1xpI3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cuprina
    MENA</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B3_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_z1XGgq4U08g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31, 2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_434_c20231231_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_iI_zQpvVfNsVYic" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Current
    assets</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1097">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17,580</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17,580</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43C_c20231231_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iI_zhDUyOug2R83" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Current
    liabilities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1101">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35,274</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35,274</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
    the year ended December 31, 2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43B_c20230101__20231231_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_z0kgRmITkaA5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(15,780</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(52,854</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(68,364</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43F_c20230101__20231231_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_zqprdBCDB9r6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    loss attributable to the Company</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(7,890</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(25,898</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(33,788</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_zGATOCOk4Sd3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BC_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zwwaGQCO2PC3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zNwiPO8dZQPc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BSSB</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cuprina
    MENA</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31, 2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43E_c20241231_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_iI_zSrI11c75Kok" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Current
    assets</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1113">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9,447</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9,447</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zuRVBJQ8UEx3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,945</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_438_c20241231_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iI_zGOVSMSZ4bj3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Current
    liabilities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1119">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">164,840</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">164,840</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zPTEK06xsjEa" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">121,179</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
    the year ended December 31, 2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_433_c20240101__20241231_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_zHixN0svxgBl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    loss</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1125">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(105,981</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(105,981</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zkjQhJjQiBl3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Net loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(77,910</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_437_c20240101__20241231_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_z41ZnnfK41v7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_z6j01TvBrrgh" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Net loss attributable to the Company"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(38,176</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for equity method investments and joint ventures. Equity method investments are investments that give the investor the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of an investee. Joint ventures are entities owned and operated by a small group of businesses as a separate and specific business or project for the mutual benefit of the members of the group.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Leases<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock', window );">Leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_z4ejhHNpBB15" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>8</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_826_zc2xExE0rOmd">Leases</span></b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company determines if a contract contains a lease at inception. US GAAP requires that the Company&#8217;s leases be evaluated and classified
as operating or finance leases for financial reporting purposes. The classification evaluation begins at the commencement date and the
lease term used in the evaluation includes the non-cancellable period for which the Company has the right to use the underlying asset,
together with renewal option periods when the exercise of the renewal option is reasonably certain and failure to exercise such option
which results in an economic penalty.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has two office premises operating lease agreements with lease terms of <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20241231_zOlpL9vIFMol" title="Operating lease term">three years</span>, respectively. The Company&#8217;s lease agreements
do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-02, no right-of-use
(&#8220;ROU&#8221;) assets nor lease liability was recorded for the lease with a lease term of one year or less.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p id="xdx_89E_ecustom--ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock_z6Ig9Iu4QPKb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, the Company had the following non-cancellable operating lease contracts:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BB_znWF0ydD6nPk" style="display: none">Schedule of non-cancellable operating lease contracts</span></p>

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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description
    of lease</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Lease
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--OfficePremiseOneMember_zNK58gJYCXm3">3</span>
    years</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office
    premise &#8211; Block 1092</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--OfficePremiseTwoMember_zkRq76OxEQp8" title="Operating lease term">3</span>
    years </span></td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8AF_z69KHSWZwbr4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89B_ecustom--ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock_z1yaEGqXVYf3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)	</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets:</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BB_z7lszWtq3Gch"><span id="xdx_8B8_z4jNjE92UGVd" style="display: none">Schedule of amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets</span></span></p>

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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20231231_zBZxsUKCb6C" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20241231_zyfklSEhBF" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    lease</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iI_zkd6fhDGxWl6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_maOLLzWiS_zwbHYJGNhb62" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Current</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35,812</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_z5zRljATXBkb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26,327</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_maOLLzWiS_zWB0hsOq8K9b" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Non-current</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35,812</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1159">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zSY4DslfZ9Dc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Non-current"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1161">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_mtOLLzWiS_zIIv8yy5LEdi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35,812</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zrMD7eJqZhld" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total operating lease liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26,327</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A0_znQsJhjOfByl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_z6FruXHcIvbe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A summary of lease cost recognized in the Group&#8217;s consolidated statements of operations is as follows:</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B7_zOujx7cx6zzf" style="display: none">Schedule of lease cost</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_494_20220101__20221231_zzVH9aM0A3ii">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1177">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Interest
    of lease liabilities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">175</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1181">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--FinanceLeaseInterestExpense_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zxb5nN4sUSNj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1183">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AB_zrCCVe8jIRw3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"></p>

<p id="xdx_893_ecustom--ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock_z6Uxksi8G2o9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BF_zsuHR6cTG0U7" style="display: none">Schedule of supplemental cash flow information related to leases</span></p>

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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_z8CjldcTdIO6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 40%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    flows from operating leases</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 11%">32,043</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">46,402</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">44,185</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zCOyBN4bdQCl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">32,482</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--FinanceLeasePayments_iI_zuhHxKAGbHA5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    flows from finance lease</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">6,376</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1193">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1194">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--FinanceLeasePayments_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zwZI5a31QkV6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1195">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A7_zbMVVpwv14ni" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Lease
Commitment</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p id="xdx_892_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zZMjmW6mj7Jc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Future
minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements as of December 31, 2024 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BB_zjq2BB2II8P3" style="display: none">Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Minimum
    lease payment</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Twelve
    months ending December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2025</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_iI_maS1_c20241231_zP2Qb5yyGU28" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">36,421</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_iI_uUSD_maU1_c20241231_zrkLivZpz44b" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26,775</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    future minimum lease payments</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_mtS1_c20241231_zj5r7Lt6hKGf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total future minimum lease payments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">36,421</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_uUSD_mtU1_c20241231_zf9m0ugov9Gj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total future minimum lease payments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26,775</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less
    imputed interest</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_di_c20241231_zMLKe84BF90g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less imputed interest"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(609</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zKjqT5x7M8Yh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less imputed interest"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(448</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Present
    value of operating lease liabilities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_c20241231_zeGGF3kmNTNi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Present value of operating lease liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35,812</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zWErtFB28s5h" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Present value of operating lease liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26,327</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less:
    current portion</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iNI_di_c20241231_z1aN9Db0K5sl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: current portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(35,812</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_znGwz4x8RpJg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: current portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(26,327</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Long-term
    portion</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_c20241231_zu1D5diDyAr4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1219">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zyq413xgWIK7" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1221">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A6_zhUvIKbP9G01" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p id="xdx_891_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease_zJsDU8cMUP88" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following summarizes other supplemental information about the Company&#8217;s lease as of December 31:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BC_znlZV3RSTV7b" style="display: none">Schedule
of other supplemental information about lease</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted
    average discount rate</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
    leases</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231231_zrStFG3rs6ec" title="Weighted average discount rate - operating leases">5.25</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231_z96JfGz13Zqh" title="Weighted average discount rate - operating leases">5.25</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted
    average remaining lease term</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
    leases</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dc_c20231231_zGlVlMxWdaSd" title="Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases">1
                                            year 9 months</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtM_c20241231_zoaAM95kCUVl" title="Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases">9</span>
                                            months</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8A2_zMOovAA4dLu5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>




<p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for operating leases of lessee. Includes, but is not limited to, description of operating lease and maturity analysis of operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/842-20/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accruals and other current liabilities<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<p id="xdx_89F_ecustom--AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zYDMMpy8fuYj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span><span id="xdx_8B5_zsDS7Tvuaq5j" style="display: none">Schedule of accruals and other current liabilities</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20231231_zWcxj9Ofhxng" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities that are classified as current at the end of the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 720<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483384/720-30-45-1<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_zgAGIOLLb6W" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>10</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_822_z89xE7RDylZf">Equity</span></b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Ordinary
shares</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on September 22, 2023. The original authorized share capital of the Company
was US$<span id="xdx_907_esrt--StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zYzSR8sknK1l" title="Authorized share capital">50,000</span> divided into <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_zLPijaX3nkAe" title="Ordinary shares, shares authorized">25,000,000</span> Class A Ordinary Shares and <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zdC2qdk3SLh" title="Ordinary shares, shares authorized">25,000,000</span> Class B Ordinary Shares, par value US$<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_uUSDPShares_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_zQLaomGUcVUj" title="Ordinary shares, par value"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_uUSDPShares_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zTk3b1QC88Wa" title="Ordinary shares, par value">0.001</span></span> per share. Holders
of Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. Each holder of our
Class A Ordinary Share is entitled to one vote per share. Each holder of our Class B Ordinary Share is entitled to 10 votes per share.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for equity.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related party transactions and balances<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Related Party Transactions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Related party transactions and balances</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_801_eus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_zCNczhrsNxTi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>11</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_824_zVpHljgERqpc">Related party transactions and balances</span></b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_899_ecustom--ScheduleOfMajorRelatedPartiesAndTheirRelationshipsWithTheCompany_zqp3afNxoQA5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span><span id="xdx_8BF_ziR43lmZvOzh" style="display: none">Schedule of major related parties and their relationships with the company</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
    Farm Sdn. Bhd.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_z0pwWKm2cnTc" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_z1URS5F4bnc4" title="Relationships with the company">Related
    Company</span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
    Pollination Pte. Ltd.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_zLBkFMoIdCNb" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_zcxFB75naHBe" title="Relationships with the company">Related
    Company</span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pestoniks
    Innovations Pte. Ltd.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_zzOZLnhg0t51" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_z6lY6srrEkaa" title="Relationships with the company">Related
    Company</span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
    MENA Co., Ltd.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zX8OAVZOXs27" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zMXxHcJSRuQb" title="Relationships with the company">Associate</span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
    Holding Pte. Ltd. </span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_zym0x2pwvive" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_zxxrBWOP69bi" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jimmy
    Lee Peng Siew</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zpBq0ZgMKO4i" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zFOhoKOnVas5" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Baptista
    Carl Marc</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember_zYY6bnosUcH3" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember_z4AmWnp2o5ba" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David
    Quek Yong Qi </span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_zVv2jHqzLPR2" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_z106c3DY1Apf" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Bryan
    Teo Yingjie</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zJUkF7W9bJbf" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zWJMj3CepeFd" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rachel
    Lee Lin</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zwwZB3jZWy21" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zS8RGm0qAfQe" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dorea
    Quek En Qi</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_z6FD9fRjdc5j" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zw5ZQ2Sxoi7l" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">De
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zBg4bH4Ex9B" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zqi0O959p9Sk" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Teo
    Peng Kwang</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zhZbu2ostws" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zf2nncnJF9R5" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iCapital
    Holdings (SG) Pte. Ltd.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zVDbKsdcENUf" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zQiCaDsh6nu8" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ng
    Bee Poh</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NgBeePohMember_zgo2e6EKZTg3" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NgBeePohMember_zSTGbP81t0Wf" title="Relationships with the company">Immediate
    family member of a shareholder</span></span></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p id="xdx_8AD_zE9fN7wmfbj7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Amount
due from related companies</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company gave advances to Cuprina Pollination Pte. Ltd. for working capital purposes. The receivable balance due from Cuprina Pollination
Pte. Ltd. were S$<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_z3tandl4wwsi" title="Amount from due receivables balance">96,971</span> and S$<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_zjFX4WcOULBa" title="Amount from due receivables balance">14,521</span> (US$<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_zRAq3mkqu6Wg" title="Amount from due receivables balance">10,675</span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest free, unsecured,
and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company gave advances to Pestoniks Innovations Pte. Ltd. for working capital purposes. The receivable balance due from Pestoniks Innovations
Pte. Ltd. were S$<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_zOdUjQyuFFDl" title="Amount from due receivables balance">61,170</span> and S$<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_zvUJ7uVxAw43" title="Amount from due receivables balance">61,170</span> (US$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_zxNvALRCWo0a" title="Amount from due receivables balance">44,968</span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest free, unsecured,
and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Amount
due from an associate</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company gave advances to Cuprina MENA Co., Ltd. for working capital purposes. The receivable balance due from Cuprina MENA Co., Ltd.
was S$<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zRgjNAljJCz5" title="Amount from due receivables balance">92,298</span> (US$<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_z1MQEca6M5ge" title="Amount from due receivables balance">67,851</span>) as of December 31, 2024. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Amount
due from shareholders</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
receivable balances due from Bryan Teo Yingjie were S$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zg0eUwY823V3" title="Amount from due receivables balance">605</span> and S$<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_z2CYWqCPXru3" title="Amount from due receivables balance">605</span> (US$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_z2Xi5vy5iKza" title="Amount from due receivables balance">445</span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, and related
to the outstanding share subscription with regards to the <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zV56lF4yAlIj" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued">450</span> ordinary shares issued with <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zoXTXtLaCYEd" title="Ordinary shares, par value">no</span> par value in Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited
prior to the Reorganization. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
receivable balances due from Rachel Lee Lin were S$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zISAkAfOWMn1" title="Amount from due receivables balance">605</span> and S$<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zhgP54Fol295" title="Amount from due receivables balance">605</span> (US$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zUzDAo7LnNNb" title="Amount from due receivables balance">445</span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, and related
to the outstanding share subscription with regards to the <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zFnyTVmvRV1i" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued">450</span> ordinary shares issued with <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_znq3IJKstf5i" title="Ordinary shares, par value">no</span> par value in Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited
prior to the Reorganization. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
receivable balances due from Dorea Quek En Qi were S$<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_ztsy7UM61uOk" title="Amount from due receivables balance">605</span> and S$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zOzH0YXpKyn5" title="Amount from due receivables balance">605</span> (US$<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zKx7OH4oI5hb" title="Amount from due receivables balance">445</span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, and related
to the outstanding share subscription with regards to the <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_z56uLncJhbyj" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued">450</span> ordinary shares issued with <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zZSyPV89vQQg" title="Ordinary shares, par value">no</span> par value in Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited
prior to the Reorganization. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
receivable balances due from De Guzman Caroline Francesca Lee Ling were S$<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zNtDtIyXXN3c" title="Amount from due receivables balance">605</span> and S$<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_z1nHyqF07J6h" title="Amount from due receivables balance">605</span> (US$<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zuRh4NZ1W5y2" title="Amount from due receivables balance">445</span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively,
and related to the outstanding share subscription with regards to the <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zAER9EcdotDj" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued">450</span> ordinary shares issued with <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zDIuNaouv5W7" title="Ordinary shares, par value">no</span> par value in Cuprina Holdings
(BVI) Limited prior to the Reorganization. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
receivable balances due from iCapital Holdings (SG) Pte. Ltd. were S$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zTgpOU4wAtxb" title="Amount from due receivables balance">505</span> and S$<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zCCvJf5DIq6g" title="Amount from due receivables balance">505</span> (US$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zJtxomysZdud" title="Amount due from receivables balance">371</span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively,
and related to the outstanding share subscription with regards to the <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zO0KHekm8YEi" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued">375</span> ordinary shares issued with <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zCmliSeWeO25" title="Ordinary shares, par value">no</span> par value in Cuprina Holdings
(BVI) Limited prior to the Reorganization. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Amount
due to related company</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
payable balance due to Cuprina Farm Sdn. Bhd, was S$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_zctgnpPcBTq1" title="Amount due to payable balance">4,134</span> and S$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_zwlWq1Swk3lk" title="Amount due to payable balance">4,134</span> (US$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_zbW4mL8l3oQ1" title="Amount due to payable balance">3,039</span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, and
related to the over-settlement for the receivable balance due from Cuprina Farm Sdn. Bhd. previously. This was due to the strengthening
of the Malaysian Ringgit (&#8220;MYR&#8221;) relative to the Singapore Dollar (&#8220;SGD&#8221;) as the balances was denominated in
MYR. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Amount
due to associate</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
payable balance due to Cuprina MENA Co., Ltd was S$<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zoL6NfLmvF8" title="Amount due to payable balance">25,898</span> as of December 31, 2023, and related to the outstanding share subscription
with regard to the <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zWJ4TD1lb005" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zuYBYFRbpHN1" title="Ordinary shares, shares outstanding">49,000</span></span> ordinary shares issued in Cuprina MENA Co., Ltd. and sharing for outstanding working capital as of December
31, 2023. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Amount
due to shareholders</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
shareholder, Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd. gave advances to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to Cuprina
Holding Pte. Ltd. was S$<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_zLploRkRciUl" title="Amount due to payable balance">2,931,765</span> and S$<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_zsVBusT1LZxk" title="Amount due to payable balance">2,931,765</span> (US$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_ztjFSYMsYNRe" title="Amount due to payable balance">2,155,234</span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest
free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">One
of the ultimate individual shareholders, Jimmy Lee Peng Siew gave advances to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balances
due to Jimmy Lee Peng Siew were S$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zwlMkAuCmmu" title="Amount due to payable balance">986,860</span> and S$<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zVu7C2XVTGLi" title="Amount due to payable balance">1,451,629</span> (US$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zNS8mR2Em0sj" title="Amount due to payable balance">1,067,139</span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Out of the total
payable balances, S$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20250630__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zCrP2PzJBWC7" title="Amount due to payable balance">986,860</span> (US$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20250630__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z5iczpR0yQfl" title="Amount due to payable balance">725,472</span>) is unsecured, due by June 30, 2025 or upon completion of IPO, whichever is earlier, and carries
an interest of 6.0%. The remaining balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David
Quek Yong Qi gave an advance to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to David Quek Yong Qi were S$<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_z3dqzDDLtK1j" title="Amount due to payable balance">18,596</span>
and S$<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_zkZVoSOuX3dc" title="Amount due to payable balance">237,618</span> (US$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_zO0RHreEr3tc" title="Amount due to payable balance">174,681</span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand
without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Bryan
Teo Yingjie gave an advance to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to Bryan Teo Yingjie were S$<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_ziVdmUy1ERh4" title="Amount due to payable balance">7,997</span> and
S$<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_z2ta7DwiLoHf" title="Amount due to payable balance">105,979</span> (US$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zMv45xCs93x6" title="Amount due to payable balance">77,909</span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without
an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rachel
Lee Lin gave an advance to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to Rachel Lee Lin were S$<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_z4IuuF5Owwz" title="Amount due to payable balance">10,476</span> and S$<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zoFLLJtwfP59" title="Amount due to payable balance">67,654</span>
(US$<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zhLFoetwJqR5" title="Amount due to payable balance">49,735</span>) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dorea
Quek En Qi gave an advance to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to Dorea Quek En Qi was S$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zhf6Z2q2kEB6" title="Amount due to payable balance">6,395</span> (US$<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zURwpzrlPWd1" title="Amount due to payable balance">4,701</span>)
as of December 31, 2024. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Teo
Peng Kwang gave an advance to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to Teo Peng Kwang was S$<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zQ6Q89iyEvF5" title="Amount due to payable balance">620,822</span> (US$<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zTlTYx4vpfQa" title="Amount due to payable balance">456,386</span>)
as of December 31, 2024. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ng
Bee Poh, an immediate family member for one of the shareholders, David Quek Yong Qi gave an advance to the Company for working capital
purposes. The payable balance due to Ng Bee Poh was S$<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NgBeePohMember_zC67gRQoswR6" title="Amount due to payable balance">200,000</span> (US$<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NgBeePohMember_z5AntDf4Xalc" title="Amount due to payable balance">147,026</span>) as of December 31, 2024. Such balance is interest free, unsecured,
and due on demand without an agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>




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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-5<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-6<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477968/946-235-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477968/946-235-50-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(g)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(e))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/850/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Bank loans<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Bank loans</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zJbBFhsKj1Lh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>12</b></span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_82A_zZ3KCdsDeXxj">Bank
  loans</span></b></span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has a <b style="display: none"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240101__20241231_zP9tlLaQ1kc3" title="Debt instrument term">5</span></b> five-year S$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--UnsecuredDebt_iI_c20241231_zP2HGalNCJsb" title="Unsecured debt">100,000</span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">unsecured
fixed rate bank loan which expires in <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231_zAgbDo4orOQ3" title="Debt instrument maturity date">January
2026</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">. The bank loan carries an interest rate
of <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231_zxGfPsTXuqve" title="Interest rate">2.5</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%
per annum.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2024, the Company has secured another <b style="display: none"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20241101__20241130_zCWCnpsMCuLj" title="Debt instrument term">5</span></b> five-year S$<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--UnsecuredDebt_iI_c20241130_zYXvV6t8GhW4" title="Unsecured debt">200,000</span> unsecured fixed rate bank loan which expires in <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20241101__20241130_zYDIBvpJZ8o6" title="Debt instrument maturity date">November
2029</span>. The bank loan carries an interest rate of <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease_pid_dp_uPure_c20241101__20241130_zFcZFx4a67U3" title="Interest rate">8.0</span>% per annum.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
December 31, 2023 and 2024, the carrying amount of the bank loans were S$<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount_iI_c20231231_zgI04UBlp303" title="Bank loan carrying amount">42,550</span>
and S$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount_iI_c20241231_zH2i2FGeAvc1" title="Bank loan carrying amount">218,978</span>
(US$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zH1T8pZ4n5U8" title="Bank loan carrying amount">160,978</span>),
respectively. <span style="background-color: white">Interest expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024 are
S$<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20220101__20221231_zJDR1gkOvGBl" title="Interest expenses">1,842</span>, S$<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20230101__20231231_zT1VkMkwKZZ7" title="Interest expenses">727</span> and
S$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20240101__20241231_zXYcGjh7Y4Hh" title="Interest expenses">1,783</span> (US$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zwoWSpHBI4ph" title="Interest expenses">1,311</span>),
respectively. </span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLongTermDebtTableTextBlock_z1N4ge4m11p" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The
maturities schedule is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B7_zmpZWHlStuS" style="display: none">Schedule of maturities</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 85%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Maturities
    schedule</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"></td><td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>S$</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>US$</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold">Year
    ending December 31,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2025</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_iI_macxiv_c20241231_z6lP4hOtx1z2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">55,250</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zyphr5bok1o6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">40,616</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2026</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zp5sV4EVolpl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2026"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">37,556</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zh0VeLyM3Mk5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2026"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">27,609</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2027</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zaKvvWiDzNT4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2027"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">40,022</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zig4O6fVqCAi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2027"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">29,421</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2028</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zva6XrAfjrM" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2028"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">43,344</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zC8DALpF3Hoh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2028"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">31,864</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2029</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zP3uWLOn6Sg8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2029"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">42,806</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zuG7ZpsS1j1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2029"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">31,468</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iTI_mtcxiv_c20241231_z8CzofeNluhc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">218,978</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iTI_uUSD_mtcxiv_c20241231_zEIOlKOGzUzc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">160,978</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less:
    current portion</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_c20241231_zlVKjEkoxwXd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(55,250</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zK3rTOh1diDi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(40,616</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Long-term
    portion</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtNoncurrent_iI_c20241231_zVEig9Kr8YW7" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">163,728</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtNoncurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zkdiYQK4lHY2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">120,362</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A0_zXvDczPIJer5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 405<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477092/405-40-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> 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-Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name 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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income taxes<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_807_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_zj0SSrdLCNn6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>13</b></span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_824_zju551J4DSch">Income
  taxes</span></b></span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">Cayman
Islands and BVIs</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company and its subsidiaries are domiciled in the Cayman Islands and British Virgin Islands. The locality currently enjoys permanent
income tax holidays; accordingly, the Company does not accrue for income taxes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">Singapore</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
Pte. Ltd. is incorporated in Singapore and is subject to Singapore Corporate Tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial
statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Singapore tax laws. The applicable tax rate is <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember_z1BmK0JNplTj" title="Statutory income tax rate">17</span>% in Singapore, with <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zPrzzw9xPDb3" title="Statutory income tax rate">75</span>% of the first
S$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate_uSGD_c20240101__20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember_zf9eH1lzR7i" title="Profit tax rates">10,000</span> taxable income and <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zqtNeVjZun6h" title="Statutory income tax rate">50</span>% of the next S$<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate_uSGD_c20240101__20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember_zUJLsTZY3tC1" title="Profit tax rates">190,000</span> taxable income exempted from income tax.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">Malaysia
</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., the subsidiary, is subject to Malaysia Corporate tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial
statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Malaysia tax laws. The standard corporate income tax rate in Malaysia is <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY_zZWWnltGC06h" title="Statutory income tax rate">24</span>%. However,
as the subsidiary fulfilled conditions where it has paid-up capital of MYR <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_pn5n6_uMYR_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY_zjvsR9Xq4N62" title="Paid-up capital">2.5</span> million or less, and gross income from business operations
is not more than MYR <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationDispositionOfBusiness_pn6n6_uMYR_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY_zhYLgxVaMG39" title="Business operations">50 </span>million, the tax rate is <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_z57KNaZkvlEi" title="Statutory income tax rate">17</span>% on the first MYR <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate_uMYR_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY_zx9PIYlbG5N2" title="Profit tax rates">600,000</span> and <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zzOsgKEoaxK9" title="Statutory income tax rate">24</span>% on amount exceeding MYR <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate_uMYR_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY_zfjTPBPB6jA" title="Profit tax rates">600,000</span>. The subsidiary
has no operating profit or tax liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">Hong
Kong</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s subsidiary, Cuprina Hong Kong Limited, is considered a Hong Kong tax resident enterprise under Hong Kong tax laws; accordingly,
it is subject to enterprise income tax on its taxable income as determined under Hong Kong tax laws and accounting standards at a statutory
tax rate of<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueHongKongMember_zZP8bMe7zyMf" title="Statutory income tax rate"> 16.5</span>%.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">China,
PRC</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s subsidiary, Cuprina (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., is considered a China tax resident enterprise under China tax
laws; accordingly, it is subject to enterprise income tax on its taxable income as determined under China tax laws and accounting
standards at a statutory tax rate of <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--StateAdministrationOfTaxationChinaMember_zhVhxTT7O55l" title="Statutory income tax rate">25</span>%.
The subsidiary has no operating profit or tax liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">United
States</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s subsidiary, Cuprina United States Inc., is domiciled in the United States; accordingly, it is subject to corporate
income tax on its taxable income as determined under United States tax laws at a federal tax rate of <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember_z9sZHl2LfvEk" title="Statutory income tax rate">21</span>%
and state tax rate range from <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zZJTSIyep4n6" title="Statutory income tax rate">1</span>%
to <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zdGaGeOLUCQ7" title="Statutory income tax rate">12</span>%.
The subsidiary has no operating profit or tax liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_zvpmLq1ODSDd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Significant
components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BF_zIy26khAx1gi" style="display: none">Schedule
of significant
components of the provision for income taxes</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Years Ended December 31,</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><b>2022</b></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b>S$</b></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Income
    tax expense is comprised of the following:</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 11%"></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Current</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20220101__20221231_zTiaTcb3nLW" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1563">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20230101__20231231_zXTusR9gTxA" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1564">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20240101__20241231_zuOFgNwd58ni" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1565">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z4amMXYpSY7a" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1566">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20220101__20221231_zeAH9DSGIla" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1567">-</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20230101__20231231_zH9sXUlyiDv1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1568">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20240101__20241231_zSMKyyMMgvyf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1569">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zfbmIK3XMRE7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1570">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    income tax expenses</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20220101__20221231_zLvWuB1NlVOd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1571">-</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20230101__20231231_zMBSe4CaTHTk" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1572">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20240101__20241231_zoEbzS0c6iLb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1573">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zS5sdbjpiEia" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1574">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A3_zLp34RTkaacd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zLJAUtyro0T4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
reconciliation between of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B5_zyIcypoTDQ94" style="display: none">Schedule
of reconciliation between of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Years Ended December 31,</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><b>2022</b></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b>S$</b></td>
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Loss
    before tax</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_c20220101__20221231_zOYKlYxPajO3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right; width: 11%" title="Loss before tax">(1,087,171</td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20220101__20221231_z3EAU1Wt5pWa" style="text-align: right" title="Loss before tax">(17.1</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zhf9vIbY9iuc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(16.7</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zXupXW8VLdWe" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(16.7</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Reconciling
    items:</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Non-deductible
    expenses</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20220101__20221231_zPFQ65uwJKs1" style="text-align: right" title="Loss before tax">0.6</td>
    <td>%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20230101__20231231_z74hniSwroHi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.7</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_z6Ci3gRw8RN7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.5</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zLMUpAmBS961" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.5</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Income
    not subject to tax</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20220101__20221231_zi81AX26qQZc" style="text-align: right" title="Loss before tax">(0.8</td>
    <td>)%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20230101__20231231_zH3hybo96Va4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.8</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zxJmyT241T7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1.9</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zPyLy09dPgLd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1.9</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred
    tax assets on temporary differences not recognized</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mswerd_c20220101__20221231_zGRfFlyt077d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax">17.3</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mswerd_c20230101__20231231_zffUvLBwtXSf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">16.8</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mswerd_c20240101__20241231_zlAK0KIZopJ2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">18.1</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_mswerd_c20240101__20241231_zr69dLzbAKN4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">18.1</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Effective
    tax rate</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_uPure_mtwerd_c20220101__20221231_zwbsEf2T9T02" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1618">-</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_uPure_mtwerd_c20230101__20231231_z1vp83VQvbV6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1620">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_uPure_mtwerd_c20240101__20241231_z8b3riwSXWV4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1622">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_mtwerd_c20240101__20241231_zLeKgk7R8Alc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1624">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p id="xdx_8AA_zbVDezcBnTN6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Deferred
tax</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zMSWR09NWPr3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Significant
components of deferred tax were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B7_z2HMRKd2N2Id" style="display: none">Schedule
of deferred tax</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20231231_zU3l5jju0sJf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20241231_zbpChjh6ViBd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Years
    Ended December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_zjbfFFAUQS0i" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    operating loss carried forward</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,000,518</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4,561,053</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zIDIKh4RsLH4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Net operating loss carried forward"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,352,976</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetGross_iI_maDTANzyQX_zpL9fli3xOZ1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred
    tax assets, gross</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">501,239</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">753,680</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zuuTYRgttkBh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Deferred tax assets, gross"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">554,054</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_msDTANzyQX_zw8XsMl5JIj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Valuation
    allowance</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(501,239</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(753,680</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zVa4sHw1cUN1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Valuation allowance"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(554,054</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsNet_iTI_mtDTANzyQX_zJ7uDBNN9vii" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred
    tax assets, net of valuation allowance</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1643">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1644">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsNet_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zVpHDYa30ldb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1646">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A6_zyoYskc2Qe6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
tax assets are recognized in the consolidated financial statements only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits
will be available against which the Company can utilize the benefits. The use of these tax losses is subject to the agreement of the
tax authorities and compliance with certain provisions of the tax legislations of the respective countries in which the group companies
operate.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
deferred tax assets not recognized as of December 31, 2023 and 2024 was S$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iI_c20231231_zkY58fdz4mSf" title="Valuation allowance">501,239</span> and S$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iI_c20241231_zKbgLZWDdGU5" title="Valuation allowance">753,680</span> (US$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zMEA4jcVJsbh" title="Valuation allowance">554,054</span>) respectively. The deferred
tax assets not recognized were primarily related to the Company&#8217;s net loss (tax losses) carryforwards, in the judgment of management,
are not more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is
more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax
assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for income tax.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12C<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12C<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12B<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12B<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 270<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477891/740-270-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.5.Q1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/740/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other income<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock', window );">Other income</a></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

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  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>14</b></span></td>
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<p id="xdx_896_ecustom--OtherExpenseTableTextBlock_zd59ysm6nggg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span><span id="xdx_8BF_zTPS907XFQ14" style="display: none">Schedule
of other income</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td id="xdx_989_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_zewO5HrZPtke" style="text-align: right; width: 11%" title="Government grants">51,069</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_zKfIbTg05Jcl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Government grants"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">36,086</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_z2LUfh9G4qha" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Government grants"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">163,846</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_uUSD_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zZmTdbVlXAP4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Government grants"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">120,448</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    /fund transfer rebates</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_989_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_zotUijDsN5E2" style="text-align: right" title="Cash fund transfer rebates">88</td>
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_zo4Im9Wu4ee2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Cash fund transfer rebates"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,063</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zTYita1wILe" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Cash fund transfer rebates"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">19</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_zZLYNB5HO4o7" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1676">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Segment information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>16</b></span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating
decision maker, or decision-making group in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company evaluates operating
results based on measures of performance, including revenue and profit. The Company currently operates in the following two reporting
segments: Maggot Debridement Therapy Product and Cosmeceutical Product.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
reportable segments consist of Maggot Debridement Therapy Product and Cosmeceutical Product. We determine our operating segments based
on how the Chief Operating Decision Maker (&#8220;CODM&#8221;) manage the business, allocate resources, make operating decisions and
evaluate operating performance. The Company&#8217;s CODM is the Chief Executive Officer. Our CODM reviews financial information presented
on a consolidated basis accompanied by information about revenue and cost of revenue by products type along with gross profit for purposes
of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance, as such we have disclosed segment information up to gross profit for each
reporting segment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
discussed in Note 2, the Company operates in two business segments &#8211; Maggot Debridement Therapy Product, which consists of operations
related to the Company&#8217;s selling of maggot vials to the hospital for their treatment of respective patients; and Cosmeceutical
Product, which consists of operations related to the Company&#8217;s selling of cosmeceutical product to its customer.</span></p>

<p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_z74suHNsMP4a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BC_zZpWg2rBgPq" style="display: none">Schedule
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--GrossProfit_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember_zH1YunLWHFuk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">19,978</td>
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<p id="xdx_8AD_zsDNPpP8NrEd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
were no material transactions between reportable segments during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assets
by reportable segment and operating costs by reportable segment are not presented as the Company does not allocate assets to its reportable
segments, nor is such information used by management for purposes of assessing performance or allocating resources.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, substantially all of the Company&#8217;s assets were located in Singapore, and substantially all
of the Company&#8217;s revenue was generated from customers based in Singapore.</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.</p></div>
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  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>17</b></span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span><span id="xdx_824_zOXHzmIFSUg9">Commitment
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the details on future minimum lease payment under the non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2024, please refer to Note 8
set forth in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>




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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for significant arrangements with third parties, which includes operating lease arrangements and arrangements in which the entity has agreed to expend funds to procure goods or services, or has agreed to commit resources to supply goods or services, and operating lease arrangements. Descriptions may include identification of the specific goods and services, period of time covered, minimum quantities and amounts, and cancellation rights.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 440<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/440/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>18</b></span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_82A_z8j4txQv4gZf">Subsequent
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has assessed all subsequent events through the date that the consolidated financial statements were issued, there are no further
material subsequent events that require disclosure in these consolidated financial statements other than as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
                                            January 2, 2025, Baptista Carl Marc, one of the ultimate individual shareholders have provided
                                            an advance of which amounted to S$<span id="xdx_904_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_c20250102__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_ztCQpe0AJVDk" title="Working capital">200,000</span> (US$<span id="xdx_905_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20250102__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zVXIiDgYszva" title="Working capital">147,026</span>) to the Company for working capital
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.55in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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                                            January 8, 2025, Baptista Carl Marc, one of the ultimate individual shareholders have provided
                                            an advance of which amounted to S$<span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_c20250108__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zAAbnrw345Q2" title="Working capital">140,000</span> (US$<span id="xdx_904_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20250108__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zQvVEFI2dx1k" title="Working capital">102,918</span>) to the Company for working capital
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
                                            February 27, 2025, Teo Peng Kwang, one of the ultimate individual shareholders have provided
                                            an advance of which amounted to S$<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_c20250227__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z4MTK1YQbQm5" title="Working capital">303,590</span> (US$<span id="xdx_901_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20250227__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z1xp7rIIVd8h" title="Working capital">223,179</span>) to the Company for working capital
                                            purpose. Such advance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
                                            April 11, 2025, the Company has completed the Initial Public Offering (&#8220;IPO&#8221;)
                                            of <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_c20250411__20250411__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zbsu6Zu8U9O" title="Initial public offering">3,000,000</span> Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq Capital Market, at a public offering price
                                            of US$<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockPricePerShare_iI_pid_c20250411__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zN5mWESYrIMj" title="Public offering price">4.00</span> per share, and give rise to total gross proceeds of US$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity_pn5n6_c20250411__20250411__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_znEtsseuHell" title="Gross proceeds">12.0</span> million. The Ordinary
                                            Shares were previously approved for listing on Nasdaq Capital Markets on April 9, 2025 and
                                            commenced trading under the ticker symbol &#8220;CUPR&#8221; on April 10, 2025.</span></td></tr><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
                                                                                                                                            <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(e)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">On May 8, 2025, the Company has closed the sale of an additional <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20250508__20250508__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zssTNDlX10k6" title="Stock issued during period shares new issues">450,000</span> Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company, pursuant to the full
exercise of the underwriter&#8217;s over-allotment option granted in connection with the Company&#8217;s IPO, at the IPO price of US$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_pid_c20250508__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zinWtxzGv0J6" title="Share price">4.00</span>
per share.</td></tr>
                                                                                                                                            </table>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for significant events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date the financial statements were issued or the date the financial statements were available to be issued. Examples include: the sale of a capital stock issue, purchase of a business, settlement of litigation, catastrophic loss, significant foreign exchange rate changes, loans to insiders or affiliates, and transactions not in the ordinary course of business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 855<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/855/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 855<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483399/855-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies (Policies)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock', window );">Basis of presentation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_843_eus-gaap--BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_zMCZy5LZU5y1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_865_zkdTM3rUtgq6">Basis
of presentation</span></span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
summary of significant accounting policies is presented to assist in understanding the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements
and have been consistently applied in the preparation of the financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2024. The accompanying
consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America (&#8220;US GAAP&#8221;) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (&#8220;SEC&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubstantialDoubtAboutGoingConcernTextBlock', window );">Going concern</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--SubstantialDoubtAboutGoingConcernTextBlock_zOIkviFzFmhd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_860_zXX6cXSmuAjh">Going
concern</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates,
among other things, the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company had a working
capital deficiency of S$<span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uSGD_c20231231_zyIzbXnsU3ol" title="Working capital">2,990,424</span> and S$<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uSGD_c20241231_zVADhs75n3cd" title="Working capital">4,384,999</span> (US$<span id="xdx_905_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20231231_zhxrZUP7Lof8" title="Working capital"><span id="xdx_902_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zGToqDIf6UVc" title="Working capital">3,223,552</span></span>) and a shareholders&#8217; deficit of S$<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uSGD_c20231231_zzeipXTsm9qh" title="Shareholders' deficit">2,897,284</span> and S$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uSGD_c20241231_zY1lyKwGqcRk" title="Shareholders' deficit">4,459,722</span> (US$<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uUSD_c20231231_zkfCbkiERuI4" title="Shareholders' deficit"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zxcZbpbEupKg" title="Shareholders' deficit">3,278,484</span></span>)
as at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. These factors, among others, raises substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability
to continue as a going concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify">On
April 11, 2025, the Company has completed the Initial Public Offering (&#8220;IPO&#8221;) of 3,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares on
Nasdaq Capital Market, at a public offering price of US$4.00 per share, and give rise to total gross proceeds of US$12.0 million.
The gross proceeds raised enable us to meet our liabilities as and when they fall due, and sufficient to meet our operational needs
over the next 12 months. We believe the completion of the IPO alleviates the substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability to
continue as a going concern.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going
concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">Significant
account policies</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock', window );">Consolidation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_zx5jJuSJz291" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_861_zRvbLhnEuhw1">Consolidation</span></i></span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries. All inter-company
balances, investment and capital, if any, have been eliminated upon consolidation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates', window );">Use of estimates</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_zUXTz3lFTCt4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_860_zkM6OrFbkIna">Use
of estimates </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions
that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated
assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances,
the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent
from other sources. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements include, but
are not limited to, the useful lives and impairment of long-lived assets, and collectability of accounts receivable and other current
assets. Actual results may differ from these estimates.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_CashFlowsReportingPolicyTextBlock', window );">Cash Flows Reporting</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_843_ecustom--CashFlowsReportingPolicyTextBlock_z8Lew5BzOli3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_867_zHEhNYr9nWX5">Cash
Flows Reporting</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
follow ASC 230, Statements of Cash Flows, for cash flows reporting, and classify cash receipts and payments according to whether they
stem from operating, investing, or financing activities and provides definitions of each category. We use the indirect or reconciliation
method (&#8220;Indirect method&#8221;) as defined by ASC 230, Statement of Cash Flows, to report net cash flow from operating activities
by adjusting net income (loss) to reconcile it to net cash flow from operating activities by removing the effects of all deferrals of
past operating cash receipts and payments and all accruals of expected future operating cash receipts and payments and all items that
are included in net (loss) income that do not affect operating cash receipts and payments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zyeOh67vzSj5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_861_zbG1h1zIWaJg">Cash
and cash equivalents </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
equivalents primarily consist of bank deposits with original maturities of three months or less, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal
and use.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock_zbL4aXh2NW8h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_867_zvMdsye3fkph">Accounts
receivable, net</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accounts
receivable mainly represent amounts due from customers that meet the revenue recognition criteria. These accounts receivables are recorded
net of any allowance for credit losses and specific customer credit allowances. The Company maintains an allowance for estimated credit
losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses
adjusted to take into account current market conditions and the Company&#8217;s customers&#8217; financial condition, the receivable
amount in dispute, and the current receivables aging and current payment patterns, over the contractual life of the receivable. The Company
writes off the receivable when it is determined to be uncollectible.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_846_ecustom--OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zktl8HNWelO4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86C_zHDU1lJ3Ycr6">Other
current assets </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
current assets, net, primarily consists of deposits, prepayments made to vendors or services providers for future services that have
not been provided, and other receivables from third parties. These advances are unsecured and are reviewed periodically to determine
whether their carrying value has become impaired. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, management believes that the Company&#8217;s other
current assets are not impaired.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock', window );">Inventory</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--InventoryPolicyTextBlock_zBS28TCKwVG5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_868_z1EuyC5fmtJ9">Inventory</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inventories
are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in, first-out principle, and
includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Deferred costs</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_849_ecustom--DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock_zvrCT7rNjIog" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_866_zVPQYNLRFul5">Deferred
costs</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to ASC 340-10-25-2, deferred costs attributable to preproduction costs related to long-term supply arrangements shall be capitalized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, pursuant to ASC 340-10-S99-1, offering costs directly attributable to an offering of equity securities are deferred and would
be charged against the gross proceeds of the offering as a reduction of additional paid-in capital. These costs include legal and consulting
fees related to the registration statement, and the expenses related to the SEC filing and printing. As of December 31, 2024, the Company
did not conclude its IPO.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_zilj2bCWwla9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86C_zaoj8pEPIhkb">Property
and equipment, net </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zsuErjUOdmgh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property
and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if applicable. The Company computes depreciation using
the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B3_zi3qFEb570Fi">Schedule
of estimated useful lives</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Property
    and equipment</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Capitalize
    of lease term or expected useful life</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Motor
    vehicles</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--MotorVehiclesMember_zYFG8aeTJ611" title="Estimated useful lives">5</span>
    years</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Computers</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--ComputersMember_zpfRBeX9k8" title="Estimated useful lives">3</span>
    years</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furniture
    and fittings</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--FurnitureAndFittingsMember_zITRdbjVjMs4" title="Estimated useful lives">3</span>
    years</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Renovation</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--RenovationMember_zBoQrEYei2Q6" title="Estimated useful lives">5</span>
    years</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office
    equipment</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--OfficeEquipmentMember_zKcoQvM9jxif" title="Estimated useful lives">3</span>
    years</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p id="xdx_8A9_zZy525QR1nya" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is
included in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to
expense as incurred, while additions renewals and betterments, which are expected to extend the useful life of assets, are capitalized.
The Company also re-evaluates the periods of depreciation to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates
of useful lives.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Impairment of long-lived assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_z6lCpjZMdEwi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86B_zNizwz9YY20a">Impairment
of long-lived assets </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets (asset groups), including property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use
assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of its asset (asset group) may not
be fully recoverable. When these events occur, the Company measures impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the
estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset (asset group) and their eventual disposition. If
the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset (asset group), the Company recognizes an
impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset (asset group) over their fair value. Fair value is generally
determined by discounting the cash flows expected to be generated by the asset (asset group), when the market prices are not readily
available. The adjusted carrying amount of the asset is the new cost basis and is depreciated over the asset&#8217;s remaining useful
life. Long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely
independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, no impairment of long-lived
assets was observed and recognized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy', window );">Investments at equity</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_z2KJe0YNIPV5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_868_zljREK5hdyql">Investments
at equity</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to ASC 323-30-25-1, the joint venture is accounted for using the equity method of accounting as the Company has the ability to exercise
significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investee but does not have a controlling financial interest. Our judgment
regarding the level of influence over an equity method investment includes considering key factors such as our ownership interest, representation
on the board of directors, participation in policy making decisions and material intercompany transactions. Under this method of accounting,
the Company records its proportionate share of the net earnings or losses of the equity method investee and a corresponding increase
or decrease to the investment balance. The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes
in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the investments at equity of the Company were S$<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iI_dxL_c20231231_zI2gcxYUAC31" title="::XDX::-"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0832">nil</span></span>
and S$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iI_dxL_c20241231_zTG93qExicW9" title="::XDX::-"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0833">nil</span></span> (US$nil),
respectively. There is a general presumption that equity method should be suspended and losses should not be recognized in excess of
the total investment (including any additional advances). It is important that investors continue to track unrecognized equity
method losses to determine when to record subsequent period equity method earnings. However, an investor may record losses in excess
of the carrying amount of the investment if the investor has guaranteed the investee&#8217;s obligations or has committed to provide
further financial support to the investee, as described in ASC 323-10-35-20.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Fair value measurements</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zzGgDIYVaV4a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_865_z9VcWWMUMEPf">Fair value measurements</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ASC
820 defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required
or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in pricing the asset or liability.
ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
    1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-
    observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
    2</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-
    other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
    3</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-
    unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity. </span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, contract assets, inventories, accounts payable,
amount due to related parties, and accruals and other payables approximate their fair values because of their generally short maturities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock', window );">Revenue recognition</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_zquW4Y0Bgi7b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_863_zyoVBdK7rCm7">Revenue
recognition</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company follows the revenue requirements of Accounting Standards Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with
Customers (Topic 606) (&#8220;Accounting Standards Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 606&#8221;). The core principle underlying the revenue
recognition of this ASC allows the Company to recognize revenue that represents the transfer of goods and services to customers in an
amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in such exchange. This will require the Company to
identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based
on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
achieve that core principle, the Company applies a five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts. The five-step model
requires that the Company (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii)
determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal
will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue
when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
are generally recognized upon the transfer of control of promised products or services provided to our customers, reflecting the amount
of consideration we expect to receive for those products or services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
Company generates revenue from the following streams:</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Sales
of Maggot Debridement Therapy Product</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes revenue from the respective hospitals after 36 hours from the delivery of the vials to the hospital for their treatment
of respective patients, as the storage life of the vials are only 36 hours from the production and this is when the customer could direct
the use of and obtain the benefits of their service. Maggot Debridement Therapy product is typically sold without a discount for early
payment, rebates or rights of return.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment
terms are generally 30 days from the date of invoice. The point of invoice is typically upon completion of the overall service and treatment,
as at this point the Company is able to conclude whether the patient will be receiving (i) ala carte orders, (ii) one (1) week packages,
or (iii) one (1) month packages, and invoice accordingly. The Company&#8217;s product sales contracts are primarily with customers, which
is the hospital. The revenue occurs at a point in time, when the customer received the vials or maggots for their treatment to the respective
patients. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit
of account for revenue recognition. A contract&#8217;s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized
as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company&#8217;s performance obligations are satisfied upon 36 hours
from the delivery of maggots for the treatment of respective patients from the doctor at the estimated net realizable amount for those
services and goods.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Sales
of Cosmeceutical Product</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company provides sale of cosmeceutical product to its customers. Revenue from sale of cosmeceutical product is recognized when the Company
satisfies a performance obligation at a point in time which generally coincides with delivery and acceptance of the good sold. The customer
would indicate the acceptance of the goods sold to them through acknowledgment on the delivery order. Cosmeceutical product is typically
sold with a right of return and without discount for early payment and rebates. Accumulated experience is used to estimate and provide
for such returns at the time of sale. There has been no event for return of goods since the launching of the product.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationOfRevenueFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock', window );">Segments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--ReconciliationOfRevenueFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock_zHEEuyczRIne" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_860_zn2qTooU3te6">Segments</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ASC
280, &#8220;Segment Reporting&#8221;, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent
with the Company&#8217;s internal organizational structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major
clients in financial statements for detailing the Company&#8217;s business segments. Based on the criteria established by ASC 280, the
Company&#8217;s chief operating decision maker (&#8220;CODM&#8221;) has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated
results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Company. As a whole and hence, the Company
has only two reportable segments, being the Maggot Debridement Therapy Product and Cosmeceutical Product.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk', window );">Concentrations and credit risk</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_z1FlgSnmyDal" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><i><span id="xdx_86F_zB1JsKWPWFyi">Concentrations
and credit risk</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company maintains cash with banks in Singapore (&#8220;SGN&#8221;). Should any bank holding cash become insolvent, or if the Company
is otherwise unable to withdraw funds, the Company would lose the cash with that bank; however, the Company has not experienced any losses
in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant risks on its cash in bank accounts. In Singapore, a depositor has
up to S$<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--InsuranceOfDeposit_iI_c20241231_zm0PE9ArxuYe" title="Insurance of deposit">100,000</span> insured by Singapore Deposit Insurance Corporation (&#8220;SDIC&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial
instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts
receivable. The Company has designed their credit policies with an objective to minimize their exposure to credit risk. The Company&#8217;s
accounts receivable are short term in nature and the associated risk is minimal. The Company conducts credit evaluations on its clients
and generally does not require collateral or other security. The Company periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of the existing
clients in determining the allowance for current expected credit loss primarily based upon the age of the receivables and factors surrounding the
credit risk of specific clients.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2023, the Company&#8217;s assets were located in Singapore and Malaysia, and the Company&#8217;s revenue was principally
derived from the operations in Singapore. As of December 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s assets were located in Singapore, Malaysia and
United States of America, and the Company&#8217;s revenue was principally derived from the operation in Singapore.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the year ended December 31, 2023, customer A, customer B, customer C, customer D, and customer E accounted for <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zSYWb335fly" title="Concentration risk percentage">22.0%</span>, <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zjfHPZ1ugWF7" title="Concentration risk percentage">18.1%</span>, <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z97mlT0Aopzd" title="Concentration risk percentage">17.0%</span>, <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zdvHIsEwEWA5" title="Concentration risk percentage">13.4%</span>
and <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zHCFODkd9tAg" title="Concentration risk percentage">10.7%</span> of the Company&#8217;s total revenue and <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zU1lXfwoKv38" title="Concentration risk percentage">25.1%</span>, <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zFnYFPylwfl5" title="Concentration risk percentage">22.8%</span>, <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zJqmUPbzLSai" title="Concentration risk percentage">7.9%</span>, <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zmG488xmBUD3" title="Concentration risk percentage">6.5%</span>, and <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zseZifa5hO95" title="Concentration risk percentage">26.0%</span> of the Company&#8217;s total accounts receivable
as of December 31, 2023, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, customer A, customer B, customer C, customer E , and customer
F accounted for <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zMjQPtmlEQK5" title="Concentration risk percentage">8.3%</span>, <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z5jGQEJ7QKP9" title="Concentration risk percentage">13.4%</span>, <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zrZFPs2zxtM4" title="Concentration risk percentage">23.8%</span>, <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zRNAs6CpTJge" title="Concentration risk percentage">20.9%</span> and <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zsXmdkCpCOrh" title="Concentration risk percentage">4.8%</span> of the Company&#8217;s total revenue and <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zusOsYrllUK5" title="Concentration risk percentage">39.0%</span>, <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z1xlOa3PJ4Ei" title="Concentration risk percentage">32.5%</span>, <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zkaIRJsUjs67" title="Concentration risk percentage">0.0%</span>, <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zoRd4FdHUlX8" title="Concentration risk percentage">3.0%</span> and <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerFMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z3EULGqNCNFb" title="Concentration risk percentage">3.2%</span> of the
Company&#8217;s total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the year ended December 31, 2023, vendor A, vendor B, vendor C, and vendor D accounted for <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zIVic8ABFOa2" title="Concentration risk percentage">34.6%</span>, <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zu2wxIM9EQGl" title="Concentration risk percentage">19.4%</span>, <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zOde9mFoVofg" title="Concentration risk percentage">18.3%</span>, and <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_ztYxsfipbP41" title="Concentration risk percentage">9.9%</span> of the Company&#8217;s
total purchases, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, vendor A and vendor C accounted for <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z1Zd37CvPWs2" title="Concentration risk percentage">67.4%</span> and <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z4eI50LU1wna" title="Concentration risk percentage">18.0%</span> of the Company&#8217;s
total purchases, respectively. </span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None
of the vendors consisted of more than 10% of accounts payable as of December 31, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Commitments and contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_zon9MJjw3NE9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><i><span id="xdx_86D_zcCHDFJeTmB4">Commitments
and contingencies</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and claims arising out of the business
that relate to a wide range of matters, such as government investigations and tax matters. The Company recognizes a liability for such
contingency if it determines it is probable that a loss will be incurred and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. The Company
may consider many factors in making these assessments including historical and the specific facts and circumstances of each matter.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Employee
benefits</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Employee
benefits are recognized as an expense, unless the cost qualifies to be capitalized as an asset.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>i)</i></span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Defined
  contribution plan</span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 28.15pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Defined
contribution plan are post-employment benefit plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into separate entities such as
the Central Provident Fund on a mandatory, and contractual basis. The Company has no further payment obligations once the
contributions have been paid.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.9in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy', window );">Research and development</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_zx5aeA3KZlKl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><i><span id="xdx_862_zmnGhEL9Vt8h">Research
and development</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the design and development of products, the Company expenses all research costs as incurred, which primarily
comprise internal and external costs related to execution of studies. For the year ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, research
and development expenses were S$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uSGD_c20220101__20221231_zosc3wWgqwvd" title="Research and development expenses">292,879</span>, S$<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uSGD_c20230101__20231231_zc17G8FRfPQj" title="Research and development expenses">167,734</span>
and S$<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uSGD_c20240101__20241231_zRLXn3BxX5Sh" title="Research and development expenses">241,362</span>
(US$<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uUSD_c20230101__20231231_zc1ol9e5IZ62" title="Research and development expenses"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zspCTmkb5JFb" title="Research and development expenses">177,433</span></span>),
respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_RelatedPartiesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Related parties</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_844_ecustom--RelatedPartiesPolicyTextBlock_zjczo0MT2h9i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_865_zQAddde9Woyb">Related
parties</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Parties
are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant
influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject
to common control or significant influence of the same party, such as a family member or relative, shareholder, or a related corporation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company follows ASC 850 Related Party Disclosures for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Foreign currency</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_zDtkMTMjfRLk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86A_zXWySm1AX0aa">Foreign
currency </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in Singapore Dollars (&#8220;S$&#8221;), which is the reporting currency
of the Company. The functional currencies of the Company are the Singapore Dollar, United State Dollar, Malaysia Ringgit, Renminbi and
Hong Kong Dollar.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Translations
of the consolidated balance sheet, consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, consolidated statement of changes in
shareholders&#8217; deficit and consolidated statement of cash flows from S$ into US$ as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024
are solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the rate of US$<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--UnitedStateDollarMember_zcbRyNQdnmN2" title="Foreign currency, exchange rate">0.7351</span> = S$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--SingaporeDollarMember_zx9G6HRaf4Uf" title="Foreign currency, exchange rate">1</span>, as set forth in the statistical release
of the Monetary Authority Singapore on December 31, 2024. No representation is made that the SGD amounts could have been, or could be,
converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 31, 2024, or at any other rate.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock', window );">Income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_zTO5Lh83VYt8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86B_zy9uLbEJ4bid">Income
taxes</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accounts for income taxes under FASB ASC 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences
attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their
respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are also provided for net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized to offset future
taxable income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary
differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized
in income in the period including the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established, when necessary, to reduce net deferred tax
assets to the amount expected to be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing
authorities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
provisions of FASB ASC 740-10-25, &#8220;Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,&#8221; prescribe a more-likely-than-not threshold
for consolidated financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. This
interpretation also provides guidance on the recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred
income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and related disclosures.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company did not accrue any liability, interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in its provision for income taxes for
the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024. The Company does not expect that its assessment regarding uncertain tax positions will materially
change over the next 12 months.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Government grants</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_840_ecustom--GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_zYZsiEK8bz19" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_866_zs5Ja5WKLjef">Government
grants</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Government
grants are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied
with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs,
for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as income in equal amounts
over the expected useful life of the related asset.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_zzANDdOhMhY2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86C_zTIKj1CPRk3f">Leases</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company adopted ASC 842 on January 1, 2019. The Company is a lessee of non-cancellable operating leases for its corporate office premises
and production space. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Lease assets and liabilities are recognized at
the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value
of the future lease payments is the Company&#8217;s incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement
date. The Company generally uses the base, non-cancellable lease term in calculating the right-of-use assets and liabilities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less.
The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with its short-term leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company evaluates the impairment of its right-of-use assets consistent with the approach applied for its other long-lived assets. The
assessment of possible impairment is based on its ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future
pre-tax cash flows of the related operations. The Company has elected to include the carrying amount of finance and operating lease liabilities
in any tested asset group and include the associated lease payments in the undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows. For the years ended
December 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company did not have any impairment loss against its operating lease right-of-use assets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock', window );">Earnings (loss) per share</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_zho4AvajcAUi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_869_zMKBGIVwkSLf">Earnings
(loss) per share</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number
of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if outstanding
stock options, warrants and convertible debt were exercised or converted into ordinary shares. When the Company incurs a loss, diluted
shares are not included, as their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect. The Company did not have any dilutive securities or debt
for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription', window );">Reclassification</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_zeAM1ZBrqGNd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_86A_z1xqWLIANWI5">Reclassification</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify">Certain prior period accounts have been reclassified to be in conformity
with current period presentation.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zFvf0PH9Kb6d" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86D_zMtJF8P5F3sd">Recent
Accounting Pronouncements </span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 22.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company is an &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; (&#8220;EGC&#8221;) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012
(the &#8220;JOBS Act&#8221;). Under the JOBS Act, an EGC can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to
the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company made the election to delay the
adoption of new or revised accounting standards.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, &#8220;Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject
to Contractual Sale Restrictions&#8221;, which clarifies that contractual sale restrictions are not considered in measuring fair value
of equity securities and requires additional disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The standard
is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted
the ASU on January 1, 2024. The additional required disclosures did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting&#8212;Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). The standard
requires incremental disclosures related to reportable segments, including disaggregated expense information and the title and position
of the company&#8217;s chief operating decision maker (&#8220;CODM&#8221;), as identified for purposes of segment determination. The
ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December
15, 2024. Entities must adopt the changes to the segment reporting guidance on a retrospective basis. The Company adopted the ASU on
January 1, 2024. The additional required disclosures did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, &#8220;Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,&#8221; which requires
disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#8217;s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid.
The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital
allocation decisions. The standard will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption
is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements
and does not expect materials impact to its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02 Codification Improvements &#8211; Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements.
This ASU amends the ASC by removing references to various FASB Concepts Statements to simplify the ASC and draw a distinction between
authoritative and non-authoritative literature. The amendments in this update apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the
affected accounting guidance and are effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption
is permitted in any interim or annual period in which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company is in the process of
assessing the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. This ASU
requires disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. ASU 2024-03 is
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2027. ASU 2024-03 should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date
of this ASU or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is in the process of assessing
the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
as mentioned above, the Group does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted,
would have a material effect on the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and cash flows.</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for cash and cash equivalents, including the policy for determining which items are treated as cash equivalents. Other information that may be disclosed includes (1) the nature of any restrictions on the entity's use of its cash and cash equivalents, (2) whether the entity's cash and cash equivalents are insured or expose the entity to credit risk, (3) the classification of any negative balance accounts (overdrafts), and (4) the carrying basis of cash equivalents (for example, at cost) and whether the carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for commitments and contingencies, which may include policies for recognizing and measuring loss and gain contingencies.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 954<br> -SubTopic 450<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477850/954-450-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482425/460-10-50-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for credit risk.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 825<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478898/942-825-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 275<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy regarding (1) the principles it follows in consolidating or combining the separate financial statements, including the principles followed in determining the inclusion or exclusion of subsidiaries or other entities in the consolidated or combined financial statements and (2) its treatment of interests (for example, common stock, a partnership interest or other means of exerting influence) in other entities, for example consolidation or use of the equity or cost methods of accounting. The accounting policy may also address the accounting treatment for intercompany accounts and transactions, noncontrolling interest, and the income statement treatment in consolidation for issuances of stock by a subsidiary.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for computing basic and diluted earnings or loss per share for each class of common stock and participating security. Addresses all significant policy factors, including any antidilutive items that have been excluded from the computation and takes into account stock dividends, splits and reverse splits that occur after the balance sheet date of the latest reporting period but before the issuance of the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for equity method of accounting for investments and other interests. Investment includes, but is not limited to, unconsolidated subsidiary, corporate joint venture, noncontrolling interest in real estate venture, limited partnership, and limited liability company. Information includes, but is not limited to, ownership percentage, reason equity method is or is not considered appropriate, and accounting policy election for distribution received.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 21D<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-21D<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for fair value measurements of financial and non-financial assets, liabilities and instruments classified in shareholders' equity. Disclosures include, but are not limited to, how an entity that manages a group of financial assets and liabilities on the basis of its net exposure measures the fair value of those assets and liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for (1) transactions denominated in a currency other than the reporting enterprise's functional currency, (2) translating foreign currency financial statements that are incorporated into the financial statements of the reporting enterprise by consolidation, combination, or the equity method of accounting, and (3) remeasurement of the financial statements of a foreign reporting enterprise in a hyperinflationary economy.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/830/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for recognizing and measuring the impairment of long-lived assets. An entity also may disclose its accounting policy for long-lived assets to be sold. This policy excludes goodwill and intangible assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.CC)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480091/360-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482338/360-10-05-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-19<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(h)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of inventory accounting policy for inventory classes, including, but not limited to, basis for determining inventory amounts, methods by which amounts are added and removed from inventory classes, loss recognition on impairment of inventories, and situations in which inventories are stated above cost.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483080/330-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483489/210-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 330<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478411/912-330-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/330/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483080/330-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 270<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482989/270-10-45-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for leasing arrangement entered into by lessee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to new accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting. Includes, but is not limited to, quantification of the expected or actual impact.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for reclassification affecting comparability of financial statement. Excludes amendment to accounting standards, other change in accounting principle, and correction of error.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483504/205-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477798/958-360-50-6<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477798/958-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for receivable. Includes, but is not limited to, accounts receivable and financing receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481569/310-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of all significant reconciling items in the reconciliation of total revenues from reportable segments to the entity's consolidated revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReconciliationOfRevenueFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for costs it has incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483044/730-10-05-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for revenue from contract with customer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-17<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-19<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-18<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-18<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/606/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubstantialDoubtAboutGoingConcernTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure when substantial doubt is raised about the ability to continue as a going concern. Includes, but is not limited to, principal conditions or events that raised substantial doubt about the ability to continue as a going concern, management's evaluation of the significance of those conditions or events in relation to the ability to meet its obligations, and management's plans that alleviated or are intended to mitigate the conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the ability to continue as a going concern.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Organization and business overview (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_ScheduleOfCompanyAndSubsidiariesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of company and subsidiaries</a></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaMalaysiaSdn.Bhd.Member_zecFLiHJFgJ3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March
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    <td id="xdx_985_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaMalaysiaSdn.Bhd.Member_zHiJGMMHnjcf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Malaysia</span></td>
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    <td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaMalaysiaSdn.Bhd.Member_zkcEEIbnJYW9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Manufacture,
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaBeijingBiotechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_zbwPkkP6nJS4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
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    <td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaBeijingBiotechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_zXeZruIxu283" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">China</span></td>
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    <td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaBeijingBiotechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_zeOg2poFnAwf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Manufacture,
    distribution, and supply of medical devices</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Schedule of Company and Subsidiaries [Table Text Block]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock', window );">Schedule of estimated useful lives</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zsuErjUOdmgh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property
and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if applicable. The Company computes depreciation using
the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    years</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--OfficeEquipmentMember_zKcoQvM9jxif" title="Estimated useful lives">3</span>
    years</span></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, balances by class of assets, depreciation and depletion expense and method used, including composite depreciation, and accumulated deprecation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Account receivable, net (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditLossAbstract', window );"><strong>Credit Loss [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of account receivable</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock_zS8yBOnTGJHd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;<span id="xdx_8B8_zMqvCdYGzQyb">Schedule of account receivable</span></b></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20231231_z9EKWVrNATJ3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20241231_z8fAG7sXdebg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_iI_maARNCzEzC_z2BnUg33Qiyh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accounts
    receivable</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">99,966</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">75,536</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_iI_uUSD_maARNCzEzC_c20241231_zydo9gfpMBNc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">55,529</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iNI_di_msARNCzEzC_z1oZCDimlKt4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less:
    allowance for current expected credit loss</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(49,147</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(49,147</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iNI_di_uUSD_msARNCzEzC_c20241231_zeZZTi3faTh4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(36,130</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_iTI_mtARNCzEzC_zY2x3ZPFw0g1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    accounts receivable</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">50,819</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26,389</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_iTI_uUSD_mtARNCzEzC_c20241231_zftsRyKGiQgb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">19,399</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of allowance doubtful accounts</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock_z4LlSpERGn2d" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Movement
of allowance for current expected credit loss are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_zSBr3AIjLd19" style="display: none">Schedule
of allowance doubtful accounts</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230101__20231231_z18YUhpXMir4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20240101__20241231_zT34WG7aevS5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the various types of trade accounts and notes receivable and for each the gross carrying value, allowance, and net carrying value as of the balance sheet date. Presentation is categorized by current, noncurrent and unclassified receivables.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Contract assets (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iS_zCazgu2MhZ6j" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0966">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iS_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zjTFlVYMAXrg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Balance - beginning of the year"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0968">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice_zDMpPqRht34g" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Increase
    resulting from satisfaction of performance obligations</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0970">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0971">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zlYqXXMlvq8f" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Increase resulting from satisfaction of performance obligations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0973">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress_iN_di_z9KiTTDK49Yl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less:
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2,488</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0976">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress_iN_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z9G1yLgUUYa4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: progress billings"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0978">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iE_zmapzk5FNqR2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance
    - end of the year</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0980">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0981">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iE_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zb8YvhwfqZag" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Balance - end of the year"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0983">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<span></span>
</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of receivable, contract asset, and contract liability from contract with customer. Includes, but is not limited to, change in contract asset and contract liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other current assets (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of other current assets</a></td>
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of other current assets</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property and equipment, net (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesMember_zYptDEFcLMug" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesMember_zDNyswcbilXd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">42,102</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--BuildingImprovementsMember_zBXEyXYeCTBi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">96,098</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--BuildingImprovementsMember_zR3zfzxaQaoh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">70,645</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--OfficeEquipmentMember_zBHzP16a6J74" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">36,097</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--OfficeEquipmentMember_znWeMcqYfBEg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26,536</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_maPPAENzvW9_zhRtK9q0pkDj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">207,260</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231_z7MFEhDlvWt9" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">152,363</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(149,195</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zyvtYhx6yvfi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: accumulated depreciation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(109,678</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iTI_mtPPAENzvW9_zl1o8Ossz8ed" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">78,366</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of public utility physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, balances by class of assets, depreciation expense and method used, including composite depreciation, and accumulated depreciation.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Investments at equity (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock', window );">Schedule of financial information of the joint venture and associate</a></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BD_z1Lq1YdqCXdi" style="display: none">Schedule
of financial information of the joint venture and associate</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31, 2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1097">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17,580</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Current
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
    the year ended December 31, 2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43B_c20230101__20231231_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_z0kgRmITkaA5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    loss</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(15,780</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(52,854</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(68,364</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43F_c20230101__20231231_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_zqprdBCDB9r6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    loss attributable to the Company</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(7,890</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(25,898</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(33,788</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_zGATOCOk4Sd3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BC_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zwwaGQCO2PC3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zNwiPO8dZQPc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BSSB</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cuprina
    MENA</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31, 2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43E_c20241231_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_iI_zSrI11c75Kok" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Current
    assets</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1113">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9,447</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9,447</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zuRVBJQ8UEx3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,945</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_438_c20241231_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iI_zGOVSMSZ4bj3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Current
    liabilities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1119">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">164,840</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">164,840</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zPTEK06xsjEa" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">121,179</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1125">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(105,981</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(105,981</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zkjQhJjQiBl3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Net loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(77,910</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1131">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(51,931</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(51,931</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_z6j01TvBrrgh" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Net loss attributable to the Company"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(38,176</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED<br/>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of equity method investments including, but not limited to, name of each investee or group of investments, percentage ownership, difference between recorded amount of an investment and the value of the underlying equity in the net assets, and summarized financial information.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Leases (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of non-cancellable operating lease contracts</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89E_ecustom--ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock_z6Ig9Iu4QPKb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, the Company had the following non-cancellable operating lease contracts:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BB_znWF0ydD6nPk" style="display: none">Schedule of non-cancellable operating lease contracts</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Lease
    term</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    years</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--OfficePremiseTwoMember_zkRq76OxEQp8" title="Operating lease term">3</span>
    years </span></td></tr>
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<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89B_ecustom--ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock_z1yaEGqXVYf3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)	</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets:</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BB_z7lszWtq3Gch"><span id="xdx_8B8_z4jNjE92UGVd" style="display: none">Schedule of amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets</span></span></p>

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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-style: italic; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iI_zkd6fhDGxWl6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zO8hmL1oz30a" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Operating lease right-of-use assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">22,745</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
    lease liabilities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_maOLLzWiS_zwbHYJGNhb62" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Current</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">43,458</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35,812</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_z5zRljATXBkb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26,327</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_maOLLzWiS_zWB0hsOq8K9b" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Non-current</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35,812</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1159">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zSY4DslfZ9Dc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Non-current"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1161">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_mtOLLzWiS_zIIv8yy5LEdi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35,812</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zrMD7eJqZhld" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total operating lease liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26,327</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of lease cost</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_z6FruXHcIvbe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A summary of lease cost recognized in the Group&#8217;s consolidated statements of operations is as follows:</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B7_zOujx7cx6zzf" style="display: none">Schedule of lease cost</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_494_20220101__20221231_zzVH9aM0A3ii">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_zZWETquu2nn6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right; width: 11%">32,043</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z1Dc3HFa5781" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">32,482</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amortization
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">4,560</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1176">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1177">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zsmAx9bvWKkh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1178">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--FinanceLeaseInterestExpense_zsl1kV4DNvug" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Interest
    of lease liabilities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">175</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1181">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1182">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--FinanceLeaseInterestExpense_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zxb5nN4sUSNj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1183">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of supplemental cash flow information related to leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_893_ecustom--ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock_z6Uxksi8G2o9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BF_zsuHR6cTG0U7" style="display: none">Schedule of supplemental cash flow information related to leases</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_497_20220101__20221231_zP4pYWJs3Nie">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b>S$</b></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_z8CjldcTdIO6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 40%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    flows from operating leases</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 11%">32,043</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">46,402</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">44,185</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zCOyBN4bdQCl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">32,482</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--FinanceLeasePayments_iI_zuhHxKAGbHA5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    flows from finance lease</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">6,376</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1193">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1194">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--FinanceLeasePayments_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zwZI5a31QkV6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1195">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_892_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zZMjmW6mj7Jc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Future
minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements as of December 31, 2024 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BB_zjq2BB2II8P3" style="display: none">Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Minimum
    lease payment</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Twelve
    months ending December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2025</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_iI_maS1_c20241231_zP2Qb5yyGU28" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">36,421</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_iI_uUSD_maU1_c20241231_zrkLivZpz44b" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26,775</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    future minimum lease payments</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_mtS1_c20241231_zj5r7Lt6hKGf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total future minimum lease payments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">36,421</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_uUSD_mtU1_c20241231_zf9m0ugov9Gj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total future minimum lease payments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26,775</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less
    imputed interest</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_di_c20241231_zMLKe84BF90g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less imputed interest"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(609</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zKjqT5x7M8Yh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less imputed interest"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(448</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Present
    value of operating lease liabilities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_c20241231_zeGGF3kmNTNi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Present value of operating lease liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35,812</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zWErtFB28s5h" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Present value of operating lease liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26,327</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less:
    current portion</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iNI_di_c20241231_z1aN9Db0K5sl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: current portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(35,812</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_znGwz4x8RpJg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: current portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(26,327</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Long-term
    portion</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_c20241231_zu1D5diDyAr4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1219">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zyq413xgWIK7" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1221">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease', window );">Schedule of other supplemental information about lease</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_891_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease_zJsDU8cMUP88" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following summarizes other supplemental information about the Company&#8217;s lease as of December 31:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BC_znlZV3RSTV7b" style="display: none">Schedule
of other supplemental information about lease</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
    of December 31,</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted
    average discount rate</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
    leases</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231231_zrStFG3rs6ec" title="Weighted average discount rate - operating leases">5.25</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231_z96JfGz13Zqh" title="Weighted average discount rate - operating leases">5.25</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted
    average remaining lease term</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
    leases</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dc_c20231231_zGlVlMxWdaSd" title="Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases">1
                                            year 9 months</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtM_c20241231_zoaAM95kCUVl" title="Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases">9</span>
                                            months</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Schedule of Amount Recognized the Consolidated Balance Sheets [Table Text Block]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Schedule of Noncancellable Operating Lease Contracts [Table Text Block]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Schedule of Other Supplemental Information About Lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Schedule of supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases [Table Text Block]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of lessee's lease cost. Includes, but is not limited to, interest expense for finance lease, amortization of right-of-use asset for finance lease, operating lease cost, short-term lease cost, variable lease cost and sublease income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of undiscounted cash flows of lessee's operating lease liability. Includes, but is not limited to, reconciliation of undiscounted cash flows to operating lease liability recognized in statement of financial position.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock</td>
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<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accruals and other current liabilities (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract', window );"><strong>Payables and Accruals [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of accruals and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89F_ecustom--AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zYDMMpy8fuYj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span><span id="xdx_8B5_zsDS7Tvuaq5j" style="display: none">Schedule of accruals and other current liabilities</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20241231_z9wu00Az0KPb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_maAPCzt6k_zqUqU6oGIqIj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accruals</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">82</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zZ8hBYtQBbl4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Accruals"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">60</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableOtherCurrent_iI_maAPCzt6k_zG6j1MmSZxEb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    payables</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">375,151</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">323,889</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableOtherCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zmd4k6G5H3z" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other payables"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">238,101</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_mtAPCzt6k_z57Okj4ty4V2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">375,439</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">323,971</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_z3pk7tpoJyWd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">238,161</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accruals And Other Current Liabilities [Table Text Block]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related party transactions and balances (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Related Party Transactions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_ScheduleOfMajorRelatedPartiesAndTheirRelationshipsWithTheCompany', window );">Schedule of major related parties and their relationships with the company</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_899_ecustom--ScheduleOfMajorRelatedPartiesAndTheirRelationshipsWithTheCompany_zqp3afNxoQA5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span><span id="xdx_8BF_ziR43lmZvOzh" style="display: none">Schedule of major related parties and their relationships with the company</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cuprina
    Holding Pte. Ltd. </span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jimmy
    Lee Peng Siew</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Baptista
    Carl Marc</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember_zYY6bnosUcH3" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember_z4AmWnp2o5ba" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David
    Quek Yong Qi </span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_zVv2jHqzLPR2" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_z106c3DY1Apf" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Bryan
    Teo Yingjie</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zJUkF7W9bJbf" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zWJMj3CepeFd" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rachel
    Lee Lin</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zwwZB3jZWy21" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zS8RGm0qAfQe" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    Quek En Qi</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">De
    Guzman Caroline Francesca Lee Ling</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zBg4bH4Ex9B" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zqi0O959p9Sk" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Teo
    Peng Kwang</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zhZbu2ostws" title="Relationships with the company"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zf2nncnJF9R5" title="Relationships with the company">Shareholder</span></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iCapital
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Bank loans (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 85%; margin-right: auto">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>S$</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>US$</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold">Year
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2025</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_iI_macxiv_c20241231_z6lP4hOtx1z2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">55,250</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zyphr5bok1o6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">40,616</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2026</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zp5sV4EVolpl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2026"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">37,556</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zh0VeLyM3Mk5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2026"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">27,609</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2027</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zaKvvWiDzNT4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2027"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">40,022</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zig4O6fVqCAi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2027"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">29,421</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2028</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zva6XrAfjrM" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2028"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">43,344</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zC8DALpF3Hoh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2028"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">31,864</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2029</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zP3uWLOn6Sg8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2029"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">42,806</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zuG7ZpsS1j1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2029"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">31,468</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iTI_mtcxiv_c20241231_z8CzofeNluhc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">218,978</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iTI_uUSD_mtcxiv_c20241231_zEIOlKOGzUzc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">160,978</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less:
    current portion</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_c20241231_zlVKjEkoxwXd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(55,250</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zK3rTOh1diDi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(40,616</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Long-term
    portion</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtNoncurrent_iI_c20241231_zVEig9Kr8YW7" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">163,728</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtNoncurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zkdiYQK4lHY2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">120,362</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of maturity and sinking fund requirement for long-term debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 470<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income taxes (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of significant components of the provision for income taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_zvpmLq1ODSDd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Significant
components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BF_zIy26khAx1gi" style="display: none">Schedule
of significant
components of the provision for income taxes</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b>S$</b></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Income
    tax expense is comprised of the following:</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 11%"></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Current</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20220101__20221231_zTiaTcb3nLW" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1563">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20230101__20231231_zXTusR9gTxA" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1564">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20240101__20241231_zuOFgNwd58ni" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1565">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z4amMXYpSY7a" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1566">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20220101__20221231_zeAH9DSGIla" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1567">-</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20230101__20231231_zH9sXUlyiDv1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1568">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20240101__20241231_zSMKyyMMgvyf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1569">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zfbmIK3XMRE7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1570">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    income tax expenses</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20220101__20221231_zLvWuB1NlVOd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1571">-</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20230101__20231231_zMBSe4CaTHTk" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1572">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20240101__20241231_zoEbzS0c6iLb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1573">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zS5sdbjpiEia" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1574">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of reconciliation between of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zLJAUtyro0T4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
reconciliation between of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B5_zyIcypoTDQ94" style="display: none">Schedule
of reconciliation between of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Years Ended December 31,</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><b>2022</b></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b>S$</b></td>
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">S$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">US$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Loss
    before tax</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_c20220101__20221231_zOYKlYxPajO3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right; width: 11%" title="Loss before tax">(1,087,171</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_c20230101__20231231_zDZZxxDsR4Ii" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1,085,767</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_c20240101__20241231_z5HP8dCDPJZg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1,508,604</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zf6qqyaSrZu4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1,109,023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    tax rate</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20220101__20221231_z3EAU1Wt5pWa" style="text-align: right" title="Loss before tax">(17.1</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zhf9vIbY9iuc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(16.7</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zXupXW8VLdWe" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(16.7</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Reconciling
    items:</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Non-deductible
    expenses</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20220101__20221231_zPFQ65uwJKs1" style="text-align: right" title="Loss before tax">0.6</td>
    <td>%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20230101__20231231_z74hniSwroHi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.7</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_z6Ci3gRw8RN7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.5</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zLMUpAmBS961" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.5</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Income
    not subject to tax</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20220101__20221231_zi81AX26qQZc" style="text-align: right" title="Loss before tax">(0.8</td>
    <td>)%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20230101__20231231_zH3hybo96Va4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.8</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zxJmyT241T7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1.9</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zPyLy09dPgLd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1.9</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred
    tax assets on temporary differences not recognized</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mswerd_c20220101__20221231_zGRfFlyt077d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax">17.3</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mswerd_c20230101__20231231_zffUvLBwtXSf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">16.8</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mswerd_c20240101__20241231_zlAK0KIZopJ2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">18.1</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_mswerd_c20240101__20241231_zr69dLzbAKN4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">18.1</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Effective
    tax rate</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_uPure_mtwerd_c20220101__20221231_zwbsEf2T9T02" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1618">-</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_uPure_mtwerd_c20230101__20231231_z1vp83VQvbV6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1620">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_uPure_mtwerd_c20240101__20241231_z8b3riwSXWV4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1622">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_mtwerd_c20240101__20241231_zLeKgk7R8Alc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1624">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of deferred tax</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zMSWR09NWPr3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Significant
components of deferred tax were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B7_z2HMRKd2N2Id" style="display: none">Schedule
of deferred tax</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20231231_zU3l5jju0sJf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20241231_zbpChjh6ViBd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Years
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other income (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_OtherExpenseTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of other income</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_896_ecustom--OtherExpenseTableTextBlock_zd59ysm6nggg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span><span id="xdx_8BF_zTPS907XFQ14" style="display: none">Schedule
of other income</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td id="xdx_989_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_zewO5HrZPtke" style="text-align: right; width: 11%" title="Government grants">51,069</td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    /fund transfer rebates</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td id="xdx_989_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_zotUijDsN5E2" style="text-align: right" title="Cash fund transfer rebates">88</td>
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Usage
    of ISO13485 certified facilities</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_985_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_z4QniMOxPXH2" style="text-align: right" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1674">-</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_zZLYNB5HO4o7" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1676">-</span></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_uUSD_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zVUBqatczMR8" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">7,351</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Disposal asset loss</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_z9MIhB3pe2xl" style="text-align: right" title="Disposal asset loss">(8,870</td>
    <td>)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zsg1E9qB7og6" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Disposal asset loss"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1686">-</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Management fee</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ManagementFeeExpense_msvfrt_c20220101__20221231_zwKIxVYuQBVk" style="text-align: right" title="Management fee expense">48,000</td>
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ManagementFeeExpense_msvfrt_c20230101__20231231_zUagBKGZw0P7" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Management fee expense"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1692">-</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Rental of motor vehicle</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--RentalIncomeOperating_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_zUlvwvDg7REd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Rentel of motor vehicle">347</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--RentalIncomeOperating_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_z7WOK61vJhYf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Rentel of motor vehicle"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1700">-</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--RentalIncomeOperating_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zwdobyTimob9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Rentel of motor vehicle"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1702">-</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_uUSD_mtvfrt_c20240101__20241231_zpuXXQTEnwu5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other operating income expense net"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">127,813</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Loss per share (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Loss per share attributable to weighted average number of outstanding ordinary shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of calculation of basic and diluted net income per share</a></td>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Numerator:</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right; width: 11%">(1,094,516</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Denominator:</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Loss per common
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_iN_di_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember_zTGxWy5TKym8" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--GrossProfit_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--CosmeceuticalProductMember_zYJ2NsDXXYf9" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of company and subsidiaries (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember', window );">Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription', window );">Date of incorporation</a></td>
<td class="text">September
    22, 2023<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_PlaceOfIncorporation', window );">Place of incorporation</a></td>
<td class="text">Cayman
    Island<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities', window );">Principal activities</a></td>
<td class="text">Holding
    business<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember', window );">Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription', window );">Date of incorporation</a></td>
<td class="text">October
    3, 2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_PlaceOfIncorporation', window );">Place of incorporation</a></td>
<td class="text">British
    Virgin Islands<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities', window );">Principal activities</a></td>
<td class="text">Holding
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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=CUPR_CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member', window );">Cuprina Pte. Ltd. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription', window );">Date of incorporation</a></td>
<td class="text">August
    28, 2019<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_PlaceOfIncorporation', window );">Place of incorporation</a></td>
<td class="text">Singapore<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities', window );">Principal activities</a></td>
<td class="text">Manufacture,
    distribution, and supply of medical devices<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=CUPR_CuprinaUnitedStatesInc.Member', window );">Cuprina United States Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription', window );">Date of incorporation</a></td>
<td class="text">April
    6, 2022<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_PlaceOfIncorporation', window );">Place of incorporation</a></td>
<td class="text">United
    States<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities', window );">Principal activities</a></td>
<td class="text">Holding
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</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=CUPR_CuprinaMalaysiaSdn.Bhd.Member', window );">Cuprina Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription', window );">Date of incorporation</a></td>
<td class="text">March
    29, 2022<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_PlaceOfIncorporation', window );">Place of incorporation</a></td>
<td class="text">Malaysia<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities', window );">Principal activities</a></td>
<td class="text">Manufacture,
    distribution, and supply of medical devices<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=CUPR_CuprinaBeijingBiotechnologyCo.Ltd.Member', window );">Cuprina (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription', window );">Date of incorporation</a></td>
<td class="text">July
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_PlaceOfIncorporation', window );">Place of incorporation</a></td>
<td class="text">China<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities', window );">Principal activities</a></td>
<td class="text">Manufacture,
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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHongKongLimitedMember', window );">Cuprina Hong Kong Limited [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription', window );">Date of incorporation</a></td>
<td class="text">May
    17, 2022<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Percentage of direct or indirect interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_PlaceOfIncorporation', window );">Place of incorporation</a></td>
<td class="text">Hong
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities', window );">Principal activities</a></td>
<td class="text">Manufacture,
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Entity incorporation date of incorporation description.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Place of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_PlaceOfIncorporation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A description of the principal activities of an investee accounted for under the equity method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of ownership of common stock or equity participation in the investee accounted for under the equity method of accounting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage</td>
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<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=CUPR_CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=CUPR_CuprinaUnitedStatesInc.Member</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=CUPR_CuprinaMalaysiaSdn.Bhd.Member</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=CUPR_CuprinaBeijingBiotechnologyCo.Ltd.Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHongKongLimitedMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Organization and business overview (Details Narrative) - SGD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 08, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 11, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems', window );"><strong>Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Stock issued during period shares new issues</a></td>
<td class="nump">450,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharePrice', window );">Share price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.00<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.00<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering', window );">Proceeds from issuance initial public offering</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=CUPR_CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member', window );">Cuprina Pte. Ltd. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems', window );"><strong>Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Ownership interest</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember', window );">Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems', window );"><strong>Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Ownership interest</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember', window );">Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems', window );"><strong>Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Ownership interest</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHoldingPte.Ltd.Member', window );">Cuprina Holding Pte.Ltd. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems', window );"><strong>Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Ownership interest</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78.25%<span></span>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The parent entity's interest in net assets of the subsidiary, expressed as a percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received from entity's first offering of stock to the public.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Price of a single share of a number of saleable stocks of a company.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=CUPR_CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=CUPR_CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHoldingPte.Ltd.Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHoldingPte.Ltd.Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of estimated useful lives (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_MotorVehiclesMember', window );">Motor Vehicles [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful lives</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_ComputersMember', window );">Computers [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful lives</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_FurnitureAndFittingsMember', window );">Furniture And Fittings [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful lives</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_RenovationMember', window );">Renovation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful lives</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember', window );">Office Equipment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful lives</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Useful life of long lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days. Examples include, but not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_MotorVehiclesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_MotorVehiclesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_ComputersMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_ComputersMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_FurnitureAndFittingsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_FurnitureAndFittingsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_RenovationMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_RenovationMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>64
<FILENAME>R47.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies (Details Narrative)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2021 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_WorkingCapital', window );">Working capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,223,552<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,223,552<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,384,999<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,990,424<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Shareholders' deficit</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,278,484<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,278,484<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,778,299<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,459,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,897,284<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 683,522<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments', window );">Equity Method Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_InsuranceOfDeposit', window );">Insurance of deposit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 177,433<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 241,362<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 177,433<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 167,734<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 292,879<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=CUPR_UnitedStateDollarMember', window );">United State Dollar [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1', window );">Foreign currency, exchange rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.7351<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.7351<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=CUPR_SingaporeDollarMember', window );">Singapore Dollar [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1', window );">Foreign currency, exchange rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerAMember', window );">Customer A [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">8.30%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8.30%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerAMember', window );">Customer A [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">39.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerBMember', window );">Customer B [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">13.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerBMember', window );">Customer B [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">32.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerCMember', window );">Customer C [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">23.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerCMember', window );">Customer C [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerDMember', window );">Customer D [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">20.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerDMember', window );">Customer D [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerEMember', window );">Customer E [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">4.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerEMember', window );">Customer E [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">3.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerFMember', window );">Customer F [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">3.20%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.20%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_VendorAMember', window );">Vendor A [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34.60%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34.60%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_VendorAMember', window );">Vendor A [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">67.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">67.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_VendorBMember', window );">Vendor B [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_VendorCMember', window );">Vendor C [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18.30%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18.30%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_VendorCMember', window );">Vendor C [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">18.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_VendorDMember', window );">Vendor D [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration risk percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_InsuranceOfDeposit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Insurance of deposit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_InsuranceOfDeposit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_WorkingCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Working capital</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_WorkingCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For an entity that discloses a concentration risk in relation to quantitative amount, which serves as the "benchmark" (or denominator) in the equation, this concept represents the concentration percentage derived from the division.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-21<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-18<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-20<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This item represents the carrying amount on the entity's balance sheet of its investment in common stock of an equity method investee. This is not an indicator of the fair value of the investment, rather it is the initial cost adjusted for the entity's share of earnings and losses of the investee, adjusted for any distributions (dividends) and other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481664/323-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Foreign exchange rate used to translate amounts denominated in functional currency to reporting currency.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481674/830-30-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479424/830-30-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
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<td>xbrli:pureItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for research and development. Includes, but is not limited to, cost for computer software product to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed and writeoff of research and development assets acquired in transaction other than business combination or joint venture formation or both. Excludes write-down of intangible asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, used in research and development activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482916/730-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 730<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479532/912-730-25-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
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<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=CUPR_UnitedStateDollarMember</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=CUPR_SingaporeDollarMember</td>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerAMember</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerBMember</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerCMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerDMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_CustomerFMember</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_VendorAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_VendorAMember</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_VendorBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_VendorBMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_VendorCMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=CUPR_VendorDMember</td>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of account receivable (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
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<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
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<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
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</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditLossAbstract', window );"><strong>Credit Loss [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 55,529<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 75,536<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 99,966<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent', window );">Less: allowance for current expected credit loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(36,130)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(49,147)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(49,147)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Total accounts receivable</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 19,399<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 26,389<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,819<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479344/326-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CreditLossAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CreditLossAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of allowance doubtful accounts (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditLossAbstract', window );"><strong>Credit Loss [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable', window );">Allowance for current expected credit loss, beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,728<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,738<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,958<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease', window );">Addition</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,545<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,409<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,780<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable', window );">Allowance for current expected credit loss, ending balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 37,273<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 49,147<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,738<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479344/326-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CreditLossAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CreditLossAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of contract assets (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_DisclosureContractAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Contract Assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetNet', window );">Balance - beginning of the year</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,488<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice', window );">Increase resulting from satisfaction of performance obligations</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress', window );">Less: progress billings</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,488)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetNet', window );">Balance - end of the year</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_DisclosureContractAssetsAbstract">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_DisclosureContractAssetsAbstract</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in revenue recognized for cumulative catch-up adjustment from change in estimate of transaction price which increases (decreases) right to consideration in exchange for good or service transferred to customer when right is conditioned on something other than passage of time. Includes, but is not limited to, change in assessment of whether estimate of variable consideration is constrained.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in revenue recognized for cumulative catch-up adjustment from change in measure of progress which increases (decreases) right to consideration in exchange for good or service transferred to customer when right is conditioned on something other than passage of time.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration in exchange for good or service transferred to customer when right is conditioned on something other than passage of time.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>68
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of other current assets (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepayment</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 58,610<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 79,727<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 72,603<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepositAssets', window );">Deposit</a></td>
<td class="nump">48,832<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">66,425<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">66,688<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_OtherAssetCurrent', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Total other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 107,442<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 146,152<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 156,791<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_OtherAssetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Other current assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_OtherAssetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredCostsCapitalizedPrepaidAndOtherAssetsDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepositAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The carrying amount of the asset transferred to a third party to serve as a deposit, which typically serves as security against failure by the transferor to perform under terms of an agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepositAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>69
<FILENAME>R52.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of property and equipment (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 152,363<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 207,260<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 185,376<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Less: accumulated depreciation</a></td>
<td class="num">(109,678)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(149,195)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(107,010)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Net book value</a></td>
<td class="nump">42,685<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58,065<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,366<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember', window );">Computer Equipment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,080<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,793<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,793<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember', window );">Furniture and Fixtures [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">42,102<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,272<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,038<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember', window );">Building Improvements [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,645<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">96,098<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">96,098<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember', window );">Office Equipment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 26,536<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 36,097<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 35,447<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
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<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478451/942-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
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<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property and equipment, net (Details Narrative)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
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<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 31,012<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 35,059<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 42,185<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29,088<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="nump">$ 7,718<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,064<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,499<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,932<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for allocation of cost of tangible asset over its useful life directly used in production of good and rendering of service.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Depreciation</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of financial information of the joint venture and associate (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,217,401<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,435,049<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,656,030<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,440,953<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,425,473<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,041,029<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">Net sales or gross revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">37,745<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 51,345<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64,168<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 36,621<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Gross profit</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,223)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,024)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,605<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,978<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,147,199)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,560,535)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,119,555)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,094,516)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal', window );">Net loss attributable to the Company</a></td>
<td class="num">(38,176)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(51,931)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(33,788)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,345)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember', window );">Biotherapeutic Solutions Sdn Bhd [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Current assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,743<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,670<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">Net sales or gross revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,370<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Gross profit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,532<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,780)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,690)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal', window );">Net loss attributable to the Company</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,890)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,345)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember', window );">Cuprina Mena Co Ltd [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Current assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,580<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,447<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,274<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">164,840<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">Net sales or gross revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Gross profit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(105,981)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(52,854)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal', window );">Net loss attributable to the Company</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(51,931)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(25,898)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_JointVentureAndAssociateMember', window );">Joint Venture And Associate [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,945<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,580<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,743<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,447<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">121,179<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,274<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,670<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 164,840<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">Net sales or gross revenue</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,370<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Gross profit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,532<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(77,910)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(105,981)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(68,364)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,690)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal', window );">Net loss attributable to the Company</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (38,176)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (51,931)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (33,788)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,345)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit, classified as current.</p></div>
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https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481404/852-10-50-7<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate cost of goods produced and sold and services rendered during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of an equity method investment.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrossProfit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Investments at equity (Details Narrative)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 01, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 07, 2022</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of non-cancellable operating lease contracts (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract', window );">Operating lease term</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_OfficePremiseOneMember', window );">Office premise Block 1090 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract', window );">Operating lease term</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_OfficePremiseTwoMember', window );">Office premise Block 1092 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract', window );">Operating lease term</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Term of lessee's operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_OfficePremiseOneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_OfficePremiseOneMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_OfficePremiseTwoMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=CUPR_OfficePremiseTwoMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>74
<FILENAME>R57.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Operating lease right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 22,745<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,940<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 72,286<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent', window );">Current</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,327<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,812<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">43,458<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Non-current</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,812<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Total operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 26,327<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 35,812<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 79,270<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's right to use underlying asset under operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>75
<FILENAME>R58.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of lease cost (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost', window );">Operating lease expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 32,482<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 44,185<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 46,402<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 32,043<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization', window );">Amortization of right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,560<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseInterestExpense', window );">Interest of lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 175<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseInterestExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest expense on finance lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FinanceLeaseInterestExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization expense attributable to right-of-use asset from finance lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of single lease cost, calculated by allocation of remaining cost of lease over remaining lease term. Includes, but is not limited to, single lease cost, after impairment of right-of-use asset, calculated by amortization of remaining right-of-use asset and accretion of lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>76
<FILENAME>R59.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of supplemental cash flow information related to leases (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments', window );">Cash flows from operating leases</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 32,482<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 44,185<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 46,402<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 32,043<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_FinanceLeasePayments', window );">Cash flows from finance lease</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,376<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_FinanceLeasePayments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Finance lease payments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_FinanceLeasePayments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow from operating lease, excluding payments to bring another asset to condition and location necessary for its intended use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-5<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>77
<FILENAME>R60.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths', window );">2025</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 26,775<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 36,421<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue', window );">Total future minimum lease payments</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,775<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,421<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount', window );">Less imputed interest</a></td>
<td class="num">(448)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(609)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Present value of operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,327<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,812<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 79,270<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent', window );">Less: current portion</a></td>
<td class="num">(26,327)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(35,812)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(43,458)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Long-term portion</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 35,812<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments in excess of discounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of other supplemental information about lease (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent', window );">Weighted average discount rate - operating leases</a></td>
<td class="nump">5.25%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.25%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1', window );">Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases</a></td>
<td class="text">9 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year 9 months<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average discount rate for operating lease calculated at point in time.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining lease term for operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>79
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Leases (Details Narrative)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract', window );">Operating lease term</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Term of lessee's operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>80
<FILENAME>R63.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of accruals and other current liabilities (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract', window );"><strong>Payables and Accruals [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accruals</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 60<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 82<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 288<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableOtherCurrent', window );">Other payables</a></td>
<td class="nump">238,101<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">323,889<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">375,151<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 238,161<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 323,971<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 375,439<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableOtherCurrent">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligations incurred classified as other, payable within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableOtherCurrent</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses incurred but not yet paid classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1', window );">Authorized share capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,915,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Ordinary shares, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,085,000<span></span>
</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount authorized for purchase of share under share repurchase plan. Includes, but is not limited to, repurchase of stock and unit of ownership.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481520/505-30-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of major related parties and their relationships with the company (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">Related
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<td class="text">Related
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<tr class="rh">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships', window );">Relationships with the company</a></td>
<td class="text">Related
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</td>
<td class="text">Related
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</td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships', window );">Relationships with the company</a></td>
<td class="text">Related
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</td>
<td class="text">Related
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</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember', window );">Cuprina Mena Co Ltd [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships', window );">Relationships with the company</a></td>
<td class="text">Associate<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember', window );">Cuprina Holding Pte Ltd [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships', window );">Relationships with the company</a></td>
<td class="text">Shareholder<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Shareholder<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_JimmyLeePengSiewMember', window );">Jimmy Lee Peng Siew [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">Shareholder<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Shareholder<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships', window );">Relationships with the company</a></td>
<td class="text">Shareholder<span></span>
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<td class="text">Shareholder<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_DavidQuekYongQiMember', window );">David Quek Yong Qi [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships', window );">Relationships with the company</a></td>
<td class="text">Shareholder<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Shareholder<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_BryanTeoYingjieMember', window );">Bryan Teo Yingjie [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships', window );">Relationships with the company</a></td>
<td class="text">Shareholder<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Shareholder<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_RachelLeeLinMember', window );">Rachel Lee Lin [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">Shareholder<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships', window );">Relationships with the company</a></td>
<td class="text">Shareholder<span></span>
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<td class="text">Shareholder<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This element represents a description of the nature of common ownership or management control relationships with other entities, regardless of there being transactions between the entities, when the existence of that control could result in operating results or financial position of the reporting entity significantly different from that which would have been obtained if the entities' were autonomous.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c)(2)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c)(2)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(g)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_TeoPengKwangMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember</td>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_NgBeePohMember</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>83
<FILENAME>R66.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related party transactions and balances (Details Narrative)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 30, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 30, 2025 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember', window );">Cuprina Pollination Pte Ltd [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivables', window );">Amount due from receivables balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,675<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,521<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 96,971<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilities', window );">Amount due to payable balance | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,039<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember', window );">Pestoniks Innovations Pte Ltd [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivables', window );">Amount due from receivables balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">44,968<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">61,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 61,170<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember', window );">Cuprina Mena Co Ltd [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivables', window );">Amount due from receivables balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">67,851<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">92,298<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">49,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilities', window );">Amount due to payable balance | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,898<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">49,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_BryanTeoYingjieMember', window );">Bryan Teo Yingjie [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivables', window );">Amount due from receivables balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 445<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 605<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 605<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilities', window );">Amount due to payable balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 77,909<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 105,979<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,997<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_RachelLeeLinMember', window );">Rachel Lee Lin [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivables', window );">Amount due from receivables balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 445<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 605<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">605<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilities', window );">Amount due to payable balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 49,735<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 67,654<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,476<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_DoreaQuekEnQiMember', window );">Dorea Quek En Qi [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivables', window );">Amount due from receivables balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 445<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 605<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">605<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilities', window );">Amount due to payable balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,701<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,395<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember', window );">De Guzman Caroline Francesca Lee Ling [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivables', window );">Amount due from receivables balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 445<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 605<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">605<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember', window );">iCapital Holdings (SG) Pte. Ltd. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivables', window );">Amount due from receivables balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 371<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 505<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">505<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">375<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">375<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Ordinary shares, par value | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember', window );">Cuprina Farm Sdn Bhd [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilities', window );">Amount due to payable balance | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,134<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,134<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember', window );">Cuprina Holding Pte Ltd [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilities', window );">Amount due to payable balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,155,234<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,931,765<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,931,765<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_JimmyLeePengSiewMember', window );">Jimmy Lee Peng Siew [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilities', window );">Amount due to payable balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,067,139<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,451,629<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">986,860<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_JimmyLeePengSiewMember', window );">Jimmy Lee Peng Siew [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilities', window );">Amount due to payable balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 725,472<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 986,860<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_DavidQuekYongQiMember', window );">David Quek Yong Qi [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilities', window );">Amount due to payable balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">174,681<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">237,618<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,596<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_TeoPengKwangMember', window );">Teo Peng Kwang [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilities', window );">Amount due to payable balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">456,386<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">620,822<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_NgBeePohMember', window );">Ng Bee Poh [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilities', window );">Amount due to payable balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 147,026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount due from parties in nontrade transactions, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 49<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-49<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(5)(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivables</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c)(2)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c)(2)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(g)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
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<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of maturities (Details) - Dec. 31, 2024<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>USD ($)</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>SGD ($)</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths', window );">2025</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 40,616<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 55,250<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo', window );">2026</a></td>
<td class="nump">27,609<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,556<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree', window );">2027</a></td>
<td class="nump">29,421<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,022<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour', window );">2028</a></td>
<td class="nump">31,864<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">43,344<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive', window );">2029</a></td>
<td class="nump">31,468<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,806<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebt', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">160,978<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">218,978<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtCurrent', window );">Current portion</a></td>
<td class="num">(40,616)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(55,250)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtNoncurrent', window );">Long-term portion</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 120,362<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 163,728<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deduction of unamortized premium (discount) and debt issuance cost, of long-term debt. Excludes lease obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69B<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69B<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69C<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69C<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1D<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deduction of unamortized premium (discount) and debt issuance cost, of long-term debt classified as current. Excludes lease obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of long-term debt payable, sinking fund requirement, and other securities issued that are redeemable by holder at fixed or determinable price and date, maturing in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1E<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 470<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of long-term debt payable, sinking fund requirement, and other securities issued that are redeemable by holder at fixed or determinable price and date, maturing in fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1E<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 470<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of long-term debt payable, sinking fund requirement, and other securities issued that are redeemable by holder at fixed or determinable price and date, maturing in fourth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1E<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 470<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of long-term debt payable, sinking fund requirement, and other securities issued that are redeemable by holder at fixed or determinable price and date, maturing in third fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1E<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 470<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of long-term debt payable, sinking fund requirement, and other securities issued that are redeemable by holder at fixed or determinable price and date, maturing in second fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1E<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 470<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deduction of unamortized premium (discount) and debt issuance cost, of long-term debt classified as noncurrent. Excludes lease obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Bank loans (Details Narrative)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 30, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm', window );">Debt instrument term</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnsecuredDebt', window );">Unsecured debt</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription', window );">Debt instrument maturity date</a></td>
<td class="text">November
2029<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">January
2026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">January
2026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease', window );">Interest rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">8.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount', window );">Bank loan carrying amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 160,978<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 42,550<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 218,978<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpense', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,311<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,783<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 727<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,842<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of assets pledged to secure a debt instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 470<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477734/942-470-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td>instant</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Incremental percentage increase (decrease) in the stated rate on a debt instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of the maturity date of the debt instrument including whether the debt matures serially and, if so, a brief description of the serial maturities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period of time between issuance and maturity of debt instrument, in PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest expense classified as operating and nonoperating. Includes, but is not limited to, cost of borrowing accounted for as interest expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 49<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-49<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-24<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483013/835-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Including the current and noncurrent portions, carrying value as of the balance sheet date of uncollateralized debt obligations (with maturities initially due after one year or beyond the operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnsecuredDebt</td>
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<td>instant</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of significant components of the provision for income taxes (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Current Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
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<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482659/740-20-45-2<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of reconciliation between of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Loss before tax</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (1,109,023)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,508,604)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,085,767)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,087,171)<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="num">(16.70%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16.70%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16.70%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17.10%)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense', window );">Loss before tax</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.60%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments', window );">Loss before tax</a></td>
<td class="num">(1.90%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1.90%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(0.80%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(0.80%)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments', window );">Loss before tax</a></td>
<td class="nump">18.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17.30%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations', window );">Loss before tax</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Effective income tax reconciliation temporary tax adjustments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of domestic federal statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.1.Q1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to nondeductible expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12A<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to other adjustments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (b)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of deferred tax (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Net operating loss carried forward</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,352,976<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,561,053<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000,518<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_DeferredTaxAssetGross', window );">Deferred tax assets, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">554,054<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">753,680<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">501,239<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="num">(554,054)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(753,680)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(501,239)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet', window );">Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_DeferredTaxAssetGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Deferred tax asset gross.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_DeferredTaxAssetGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible operating loss carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income taxes (Details Narrative)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>MYR (RM)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Statutory income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">16.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 501,239<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 554,054<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 753,680<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_MY', window );">MALAYSIA</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Statutory income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">24.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate', window );">Profit tax rates</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">RM 600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments', window );">Paid-up capital</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationDispositionOfBusiness', window );">Business operations</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">RM 50,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member] | MALAYSIA</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Statutory income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">17.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member] | MALAYSIA</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Statutory income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">24.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember', window );">Inland Revenue, Singapore (IRAS) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Statutory income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">17.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember', window );">Inland Revenue, Singapore (IRAS) [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Statutory income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">75.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">75.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate', window );">Profit tax rates | $</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember', window );">Inland Revenue, Singapore (IRAS) [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Statutory income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate', window );">Profit tax rates | $</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 190,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_InlandRevenueHongKongMember', window );">Inland Revenue, Hong Kong [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Statutory income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">16.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_StateAdministrationOfTaxationChinaMember', window );">State Administration of Taxation, China [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Statutory income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember', window );">Internal Revenue Service (IRS) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Statutory income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">21.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember', window );">Internal Revenue Service (IRS) [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes', window );">Statutory income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember', window );">Internal Revenue Service (IRS) [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes', window );">Statutory income tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of domestic federal statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.1.Q1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations applicable to state and local income tax expense (benefit), net of federal tax expense (benefit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations, attributable to increase (decrease) in the income tax rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12A<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationDispositionOfBusiness">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to the disposition of a business not qualifying as a discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (b)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationDispositionOfBusiness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to other adjustments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (b)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_MY">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_MY</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_InlandRevenueHongKongMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_InlandRevenueHongKongMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_StateAdministrationOfTaxationChinaMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_StateAdministrationOfTaxationChinaMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=us-gaap_InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<SEQUENCE>90
<FILENAME>R73.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of other income (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_GovernmentGrants', window );">Government grants</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 120,448<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 163,846<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 36,086<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 51,069<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_CashFundTransferRebates', window );">Cash fund transfer rebates</a></td>
<td class="nump">14<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,063<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">88<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_UsageOfCertifiedFacilities', window );">Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,351<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets', window );">Disposal asset loss</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,870)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ManagementFeeExpense', window );">Management fee</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_RentalIncomeOperating', window );">Rental of motor vehicle</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">347<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Other operating income expense net</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 127,813<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 173,865<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 39,149<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 90,634<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_CashFundTransferRebates">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash fund transfer rebates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_CashFundTransferRebates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_GovernmentGrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Government Grants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_GovernmentGrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_RentalIncomeOperating">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Rental income operating.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_RentalIncomeOperating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_UsageOfCertifiedFacilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Usage of certified facilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_UsageOfCertifiedFacilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment assets, excluding oil and gas property and timber property.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482130/360-10-45-5<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ManagementFeeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for investment management fee, including, but not limited to, expense in connection with research, selection, supervision, and custody of investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479105/946-220-45-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ManagementFeeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of other operating income and expenses, the components of which are not separately disclosed on the income statement, from items that are associated with the entity's normal revenue producing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of calculation of basic and diluted net income per share (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>SGD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Loss per share attributable to weighted average number of outstanding ordinary shares</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss available to common stockholders</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (1,147,199)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,560,535)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,119,555)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,094,516)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - basic</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - diluted</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Loss per ordinary share - basic (cents) | (per share)</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (6.38)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (8.68)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (6.22)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (6.08)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Loss per ordinary share - diluted (cents) | (per share)</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (6.38)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (8.68)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (6.22)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (6.08)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-52<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 323<br> -Name 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http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480175/815-40-65-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-52<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 323<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478666/740-323-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-15<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (e)(4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480175/815-40-65-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480175/815-40-65-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name 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https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-7<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-16<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of operation of business segments (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">&#160;Revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 35,522<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 48,321<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 56,599<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">&#160;Cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="num">(37,745)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(51,345)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(64,168)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(36,621)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">&#160;Gross profit</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,223)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,024)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,605<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,978<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=CUPR_MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember', window );">Maggot Debridement Therapy Product [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">&#160;Revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,301<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34,417<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,957<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">56,599<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">&#160;Cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="num">(33,516)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(45,592)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(46,684)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(36,621)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">&#160;Gross profit</a></td>
<td class="num">(8,215)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,273<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,978<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=CUPR_CosmeceuticalProductMember', window );">Cosmeceutical Product [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">&#160;Revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,221<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,904<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,816<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">&#160;Cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,229)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,753)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,484)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">&#160;Gross profit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,992<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,151<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,332<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate cost of goods produced and sold and services rendered during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrossProfit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=CUPR_MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=CUPR_MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=CUPR_CosmeceuticalProductMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=CUPR_CosmeceuticalProductMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Subsequent events (Details Narrative)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>May 08, 2025 </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 11, 2025 </div>
<div>SGD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Feb. 27, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Feb. 27, 2025 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jan. 08, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jan. 08, 2025 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jan. 02, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jan. 02, 2025 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>SGD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Event [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_WorkingCapital', window );">Working capital</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,223,552<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,384,999<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,223,552<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,990,424<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Event [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockPricePerShare', window );">Public offering price | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.00<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity', window );">Gross proceeds | $</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member] | Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Event [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Stock issued during period shares new issues | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">450,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharePrice', window );">Share price | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.00<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.00<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member] | IPO [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Event [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction', window );">Initial public offering | shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_BaptistaCarlMarcMember', window );">Baptista Carl Marc [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Event [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_WorkingCapital', window );">Working capital</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 102,918<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 140,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 147,026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=CUPR_TeoPengKwangMember', window );">Teo Peng Kwang [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Event [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_CUPR_WorkingCapital', window );">Working capital</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 223,179<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 303,590<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_CUPR_WorkingCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Working capital</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">CUPR_WorkingCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>CUPR_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the issuance of common stock, preferred stock, treasury stock, stock options, and other types of equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares issued or sold by the subsidiary or equity method investee per stock transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockPricePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share amount received by subsidiary or equity investee for each share of common stock issued or sold in the stock transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SaleOfStockPricePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Price of a single share of a number of saleable stocks of a company.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Detail information of subsequent event by type. User is expected to use existing line items from elsewhere in the taxonomy as the primary line items for this disclosure, which is further associated with dimension and member elements pertaining to a subsequent event.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481674/830-30-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 855<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483399/855-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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    <cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesForAssessingIdentifyingAndManagingThreatsTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000057">&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Risk
Management and Strategy&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_907_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_zB4NjJvXsbo3"&gt;We
identify and assess material risks from cybersecurity threats to our information systems and the information residing in our information
systems by monitoring and evaluating our threat environment on an ongoing basis using various methods&lt;/span&gt; including, for example, using manual
and automated tools, subscribing to reports and services that identify cybersecurity threats, analyzing reports of threats and threat
actors, conducting scans of the threat environment, and conducting risk assessments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
manage material risks from cybersecurity threats to &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_906_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zN9wJebuKlcb"&gt;our information systems and the information residing in our information systems through
various processes and procedures, including, depending on the environment, risk assessment, incident detection and response, vulnerability
management, disaster recovery and business continuity plans, internal controls within our accounting and financial reporting functions,
encryption of data, network security controls, access controls, physical security, asset management, systems monitoring, and employee
training.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_906_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_z9uQe7i1ooYf"&gt;We engage third-party service providers to provide some of the resources used in our information systems and some third-party
service providers have access to information residing in our information systems. With respect to such third parties, we seek to engage
reliable, reputable service providers that maintain cybersecurity programs.&lt;/span&gt; Depending on the nature and extent of the services provided,
the sensitivity and quantity of information processed, and the identity of the service provider, our processes may include conducting
due diligence on the cybersecurity practices of such provider and contractually imposing cybersecurity related obligations on the provider.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
are not aware of any risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any cybersecurity incidents, which have materially affected
or are reasonably likely to materially affect our Group, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.
Refer to &#x201c;Item 3. Key Information&#x2014;D. Risk Factors&#x2014;Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry &#x2014; Security breaches
and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesForAssessingIdentifyingAndManagingThreatsTextBlock>
    <cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedFlag contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000058">true</cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedFlag>
    <cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000059">our information systems and the information residing in our information systems through
various processes and procedures, including, depending on the environment, risk assessment, incident detection and response, vulnerability
management, disaster recovery and business continuity plans, internal controls within our accounting and financial reporting functions,
encryption of data, network security controls, access controls, physical security, asset management, systems monitoring, and employee
training.</cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedTextBlock>
    <cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000060">true</cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag>
    <cyd:CybersecurityRiskBoardOfDirectorsOversightTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000064">&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cybersecurity
Governance&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_908_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zaBR5pzPdBz4"&gt;Our
Board of Directors holds oversight responsibility over our Group&#x2019;s risk management and strategy, including material risks related
to cybersecurity threats.&lt;/span&gt; This oversight is executed directly by our board of directors and through its committees. Our audit committee
oversees the management of our Group&#x2019;s major financial risk exposures, the steps management has taken to monitor and control such
exposures, and the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken and handled, which would include cybersecurity risks,
in accordance with its charter. &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_904_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskProcessForInformingBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zTTCiCBPbbU"&gt;The audit committee holds regular meetings and receives periodic reports from management regarding risk
management, including major financial risk exposures from cybersecurity threats or incidents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Within
management, the &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_906_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zMzk1djWu8Lg"&gt;Group&#x2019;s &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_90A_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_zmnLptwjh1v6"&gt;Chief Financial Officer &lt;/span&gt;is primarily responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity
threats&lt;/span&gt; and keep the senior executive officers informed on a regular basis of the identification, assessment, and management of cybersecurity
risks and of any cybersecurity incidents. &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_903_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementExpertiseOfManagementResponsibleTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zhdEfdYAU0c4"&gt;Such management personnel have prior experience and training in managing information systems
and cybersecurity matters and participate in ongoing training programs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
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taken as a whole.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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    <us-gaap:OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000699">&lt;p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock_zy64NWcd7qff" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="sk_008"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_829_zZcpL8YCQq76"&gt;Organization and business overview&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
Holdings (Cayman) Limited is an exempted company incorporated on September 22, 2023 under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The
Company, through its subsidiaries, manufactures, supplies and sells of medical devices (i.e. primarily Maggot Debridement
Therapy (&#x201c;MDT&#x201d;)), to manage and accelerate healing and closure of chronic wounds. The products are composed of
nature-based bioactive, in the form of advanced wound dressings, derived from sustainable sources. These products have applications
in the medical, cosmeceutical and nutraceutical industries and will be sold directly in Singapore, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong
and Mainland China through partnerships and rest of the world through distributorships. The Company and its subsidiaries are
collectively referred to as the &#x201c;Company&#x201d;. The Company is headquartered in Singapore.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Reorganization
of the Company&#x2019;s legal structure (the &#x201c;Reorganization&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company began business operations on August 28, 2019 when Cuprina Pte. Ltd. was incorporated in Singapore. As part of the Reorganization
for the purpose of the listing, Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on October 3, 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Reorganization was completed in January 2024. The Reorganization involved the transfer of &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member_zaGvHKdl7Ii1" title="Ownership interest"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt; of the equity interests in Cuprina Pte.
Ltd. from its original shareholders, Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd. to Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited. Subsequently, &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember_z7oTyZU8lvy3" title="Ownership interest"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt; of the equity interests
in Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited were transferred to the Company, Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited. Consequently, Cuprina Holdings
(Cayman) Limited became the holding company of all the entities mentioned above and resulted in a change in the reporting entity from
Cuprina Pte. Ltd. to Cuprina Holdings (Cayman) Limited.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Reorganization has been accounted for as a recapitalization among entities under common control since the same controlling shareholder,
Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd. controlled all these entities before and after the Reorganization. Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd. owned &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_zY55Fljog24d" title="Ownership interest"&gt;100.00%&lt;/span&gt;
equity interest in all these entities before the Reorganization and &lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPte.Ltd.Member_zY3FxsAHyM62" title="Ownership interest"&gt;78.25%&lt;/span&gt; equity interest in all these entities through Cuprina Holdings
(Cayman) Limited after the Reorganization.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
a transaction that is considered to be a transfer of net assets or exchange of equity interest between entities under common control,
the receiving entity reflects the transfer as a change in the reporting entity on a retrospective basis. ASC 805-50-30-5 applies to transfers
of net assets or exchange of equity interest between entities under common control and requires the receiving entity to reflect the transfer
in a manner similar to a pooling of interests. A pooling of interests was the method of accounting for the reorganization. The consolidation
of the Company and its subsidiaries has been accounted for at historical cost and prepared on the basis as if the aforementioned transactions
(transfer of net assets or exchange of equity interest) had become effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the
accompanying consolidated financial statements. The assets and liabilities and results of operations for the periods presented comprise
those of the previously separate entities combined from the beginning of the period to the end of the period eliminating the effects
of intra-entity transactions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
consolidated financial statements of the Company include the following entities:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="form20-f_005.jpg"/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89B_ecustom--ScheduleOfCompanyAndSubsidiariesTableTextBlock_zspmI0KwhFg5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_zis8qEmxKDI9" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of company and subsidiaries&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 20%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 16%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Date
    of incorporation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 16%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Percentage
    of direct or indirect interests&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 16%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Place
    of incorporation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 24%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Principal
    activities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
                                            Holdings (Cayman) Limited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 15.55pt; text-indent: -15.55pt"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_zSM1WyyyZwGe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;September
    22, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_z34S5Nhy6icf" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_zoP9iN0DVzd9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cayman
    Island&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_z5H4JDoVmvk1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Holding
    business&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    Holdings (BVI) Limited &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember_zCp3CnJsrjW3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;October
    3, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember_zfmQ4IUOdimg" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember_z7qJbM2ddEqk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;British
    Virgin Islands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember_zYY72NL9y5n7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Holding
    business&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    Pte. Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member_zddFdbiTb43a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;August
    28, 2019&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member_zAYnW2KjAYB4" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member_zmQlQ6IjsEA1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Singapore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member_zCOuxSnL9oW9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Manufacture,
    distribution, and supply of medical devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    United States Inc. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaUnitedStatesInc.Member_ziAjyWiq2hse" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
    6, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaUnitedStatesInc.Member_zCkZhUQ3Teo2" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaUnitedStatesInc.Member_zbdGAdoSMfcd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaUnitedStatesInc.Member_zwoyT848Lnfd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Holding
    business&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaMalaysiaSdn.Bhd.Member_zecFLiHJFgJ3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;March
    29, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaMalaysiaSdn.Bhd.Member_zYbsltISxivh" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaMalaysiaSdn.Bhd.Member_zHiJGMMHnjcf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Malaysia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaMalaysiaSdn.Bhd.Member_zkcEEIbnJYW9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Manufacture,
    distribution, and supply of medical devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaBeijingBiotechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_zbwPkkP6nJS4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;July
    26, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaBeijingBiotechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_zgbhLsoXnzjc" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaBeijingBiotechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_zXeZruIxu283" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;China&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaBeijingBiotechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_zeOg2poFnAwf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Manufacture,
    distribution, and supply of medical devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    Hong Kong Limited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHongKongLimitedMember_zeQ4OCrUbEl8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;May
    17, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHongKongLimitedMember_zr9vgNfPiBF6" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHongKongLimitedMember_zMKhxGAFyNfb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Hong
    Kong&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHongKongLimitedMember_zeJXLvge0Uwl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Manufacture,
    distribution, and supply of medical devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p id="xdx_8AC_zG3XYyAFxKSe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt/10.5pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 28.35pt; text-align: justify"&gt;On April 11, 2025, the Company
has completed the Initial Public Offering (&#x201c;IPO&#x201d;) of &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20250411__20250411__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zMoBbne5Valk" title="Stock issued during period shares new issues"&gt;3,000,000&lt;/span&gt; Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq Capital Market, at a public
offering price of US$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_pid_c20250411__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z4mV3RLUwRxi" title="Share price"&gt;4.00&lt;/span&gt; per share, and give rise to total gross proceeds of US$&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering_pn5n6_c20250411__20250411__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z2PWJt0ESqGl" title="Proceeds from issuance initial public offering"&gt;12.0&lt;/span&gt; million. The Ordinary Shares were previously approved
for listing on Nasdaq Capital Markets on April 9, 2025 and commenced trading under the ticker symbol &#x201c;CUPR&#x201d; on April 10, 2025.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt/10.5pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 28.35pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt/10.5pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 28.35pt; text-align: justify"&gt;On May 8, 2025, the Company has
closed the sale of an additional &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20250508__20250508__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zBkjdtjGdqv" title="Stock issued during period shares new issues"&gt;450,000&lt;/span&gt; Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company, pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriter&#x2019;s
over-allotment option granted in connection with the Company&#x2019;s IPO, at the IPO price of US$&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_pid_c20250508__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zWBuDTap8Ejf" title="Share price"&gt;4.00&lt;/span&gt; per share.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000701"
      unitRef="Pure">1</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000703"
      unitRef="Pure">1</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000705"
      unitRef="Pure">1.0000</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_CuprinaHoldingPte.Ltd.Member"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000707"
      unitRef="Pure">0.7825</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <CUPR:ScheduleOfCompanyAndSubsidiariesTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000709">&lt;p id="xdx_89B_ecustom--ScheduleOfCompanyAndSubsidiariesTableTextBlock_zspmI0KwhFg5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_zis8qEmxKDI9" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of company and subsidiaries&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 20%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 16%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Date
    of incorporation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 16%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Percentage
    of direct or indirect interests&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 16%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Place
    of incorporation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 24%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Principal
    activities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
                                            Holdings (Cayman) Limited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 15.55pt; text-indent: -15.55pt"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_zSM1WyyyZwGe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;September
    22, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_z34S5Nhy6icf" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_zoP9iN0DVzd9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cayman
    Island&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsCaymanLimitedMember_z5H4JDoVmvk1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Holding
    business&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    Holdings (BVI) Limited &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember_zCp3CnJsrjW3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;October
    3, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember_zfmQ4IUOdimg" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember_z7qJbM2ddEqk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;British
    Virgin Islands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingsBVILimitedMember_zYY72NL9y5n7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Holding
    business&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    Pte. Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member_zddFdbiTb43a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;August
    28, 2019&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member_zAYnW2KjAYB4" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member_zmQlQ6IjsEA1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Singapore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaPte.Ltd.Member_zCOuxSnL9oW9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Manufacture,
    distribution, and supply of medical devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    United States Inc. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaUnitedStatesInc.Member_ziAjyWiq2hse" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
    6, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaUnitedStatesInc.Member_zCkZhUQ3Teo2" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaUnitedStatesInc.Member_zbdGAdoSMfcd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaUnitedStatesInc.Member_zwoyT848Lnfd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Holding
    business&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaMalaysiaSdn.Bhd.Member_zecFLiHJFgJ3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;March
    29, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaMalaysiaSdn.Bhd.Member_zYbsltISxivh" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaMalaysiaSdn.Bhd.Member_zHiJGMMHnjcf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Malaysia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaMalaysiaSdn.Bhd.Member_zkcEEIbnJYW9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Manufacture,
    distribution, and supply of medical devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
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    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaBeijingBiotechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_zbwPkkP6nJS4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;July
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    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaBeijingBiotechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_zgbhLsoXnzjc" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaBeijingBiotechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_zXeZruIxu283" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;China&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaBeijingBiotechnologyCo.Ltd.Member_zeOg2poFnAwf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Manufacture,
    distribution, and supply of medical devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    Hong Kong Limited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHongKongLimitedMember_zeQ4OCrUbEl8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Date of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;May
    17, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHongKongLimitedMember_zr9vgNfPiBF6" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;100%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--PlaceOfIncorporation_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHongKongLimitedMember_zMKhxGAFyNfb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center" title="Place of incorporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Hong
    Kong&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities_c20240101__20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaHongKongLimitedMember_zeJXLvge0Uwl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left" title="Principal activities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Manufacture,
    distribution, and supply of medical devices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
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    <CUPR:PlaceOfIncorporation
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    <CUPR:EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription
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    <CUPR:EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription
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    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentDescriptionOfPrincipalActivities
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    <CUPR:EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription
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    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
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    <CUPR:PlaceOfIncorporation
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    <CUPR:EntityIncorporationDateOfIncorporationDescription
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&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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summary of significant accounting policies is presented to assist in understanding the Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements
and have been consistently applied in the preparation of the financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2024. The accompanying
consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America (&#x201c;US GAAP&#x201d;) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (&#x201c;SEC&#x201d;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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concern&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates,
among other things, the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company had a working
capital deficiency of S$&lt;span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uSGD_c20231231_zyIzbXnsU3ol" title="Working capital"&gt;2,990,424&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uSGD_c20241231_zVADhs75n3cd" title="Working capital"&gt;4,384,999&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_905_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20231231_zhxrZUP7Lof8" title="Working capital"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zGToqDIf6UVc" title="Working capital"&gt;3,223,552&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) and a shareholders&#x2019; deficit of S$&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uSGD_c20231231_zzeipXTsm9qh" title="Shareholders' deficit"&gt;2,897,284&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uSGD_c20241231_zY1lyKwGqcRk" title="Shareholders' deficit"&gt;4,459,722&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uUSD_c20231231_zkfCbkiERuI4" title="Shareholders' deficit"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zxcZbpbEupKg" title="Shareholders' deficit"&gt;3,278,484&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)
as at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. These factors, among others, raises substantial doubt about the Company&#x2019;s ability
to continue as a going concern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;On
April 11, 2025, the Company has completed the Initial Public Offering (&#x201c;IPO&#x201d;) of 3,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares on
Nasdaq Capital Market, at a public offering price of US$4.00 per share, and give rise to total gross proceeds of US$12.0 million.
The gross proceeds raised enable us to meet our liabilities as and when they fall due, and sufficient to meet our operational needs
over the next 12 months. We believe the completion of the IPO alleviates the substantial doubt about the Company&#x2019;s ability to
continue as a going concern.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going
concern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Significant
account policies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_zx5jJuSJz291" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_861_zRvbLhnEuhw1"&gt;Consolidation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries. All inter-company
balances, investment and capital, if any, have been eliminated upon consolidation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_zUXTz3lFTCt4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_860_zkM6OrFbkIna"&gt;Use
of estimates &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions
that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated
assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances,
the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent
from other sources. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements include, but
are not limited to, the useful lives and impairment of long-lived assets, and collectability of accounts receivable and other current
assets. Actual results may differ from these estimates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_843_ecustom--CashFlowsReportingPolicyTextBlock_z8Lew5BzOli3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_867_zHEhNYr9nWX5"&gt;Cash
Flows Reporting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
follow ASC 230, Statements of Cash Flows, for cash flows reporting, and classify cash receipts and payments according to whether they
stem from operating, investing, or financing activities and provides definitions of each category. We use the indirect or reconciliation
method (&#x201c;Indirect method&#x201d;) as defined by ASC 230, Statement of Cash Flows, to report net cash flow from operating activities
by adjusting net income (loss) to reconcile it to net cash flow from operating activities by removing the effects of all deferrals of
past operating cash receipts and payments and all accruals of expected future operating cash receipts and payments and all items that
are included in net (loss) income that do not affect operating cash receipts and payments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zyeOh67vzSj5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_861_zbG1h1zIWaJg"&gt;Cash
and cash equivalents &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cash
equivalents primarily consist of bank deposits with original maturities of three months or less, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal
and use.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock_zbL4aXh2NW8h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_867_zvMdsye3fkph"&gt;Accounts
receivable, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accounts
receivable mainly represent amounts due from customers that meet the revenue recognition criteria. These accounts receivables are recorded
net of any allowance for credit losses and specific customer credit allowances. The Company maintains an allowance for estimated credit
losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses
adjusted to take into account current market conditions and the Company&#x2019;s customers&#x2019; financial condition, the receivable
amount in dispute, and the current receivables aging and current payment patterns, over the contractual life of the receivable. The Company
writes off the receivable when it is determined to be uncollectible.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_846_ecustom--OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zktl8HNWelO4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86C_zHDU1lJ3Ycr6"&gt;Other
current assets &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
current assets, net, primarily consists of deposits, prepayments made to vendors or services providers for future services that have
not been provided, and other receivables from third parties. These advances are unsecured and are reviewed periodically to determine
whether their carrying value has become impaired. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, management believes that the Company&#x2019;s other
current assets are not impaired.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--InventoryPolicyTextBlock_zBS28TCKwVG5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_868_z1EuyC5fmtJ9"&gt;Inventory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Inventories
are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in, first-out principle, and
includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_849_ecustom--DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock_zvrCT7rNjIog" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_866_zVPQYNLRFul5"&gt;Deferred
costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Pursuant
to ASC 340-10-25-2, deferred costs attributable to preproduction costs related to long-term supply arrangements shall be capitalized.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
addition, pursuant to ASC 340-10-S99-1, offering costs directly attributable to an offering of equity securities are deferred and would
be charged against the gross proceeds of the offering as a reduction of additional paid-in capital. These costs include legal and consulting
fees related to the registration statement, and the expenses related to the SEC filing and printing. As of December 31, 2024, the Company
did not conclude its IPO.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_zilj2bCWwla9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86C_zaoj8pEPIhkb"&gt;Property
and equipment, net &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zsuErjUOdmgh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Property
and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if applicable. The Company computes depreciation using
the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_zi3qFEb570Fi"&gt;Schedule
of estimated useful lives&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Property
    and equipment&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Capitalize
    of lease term or expected useful life&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Motor
    vehicles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--MotorVehiclesMember_zYFG8aeTJ611" title="Estimated useful lives"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Computers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--ComputersMember_zpfRBeX9k8" title="Estimated useful lives"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Furniture
    and fittings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--FurnitureAndFittingsMember_zITRdbjVjMs4" title="Estimated useful lives"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Renovation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--RenovationMember_zBoQrEYei2Q6" title="Estimated useful lives"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Office
    equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--OfficeEquipmentMember_zKcoQvM9jxif" title="Estimated useful lives"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p id="xdx_8A9_zZy525QR1nya" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is
included in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to
expense as incurred, while additions renewals and betterments, which are expected to extend the useful life of assets, are capitalized.
The Company also re-evaluates the periods of depreciation to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates
of useful lives.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_z6lCpjZMdEwi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86B_zNizwz9YY20a"&gt;Impairment
of long-lived assets &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets (asset groups), including property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use
assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of its asset (asset group) may not
be fully recoverable. When these events occur, the Company measures impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the
estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset (asset group) and their eventual disposition. If
the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset (asset group), the Company recognizes an
impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset (asset group) over their fair value. Fair value is generally
determined by discounting the cash flows expected to be generated by the asset (asset group), when the market prices are not readily
available. The adjusted carrying amount of the asset is the new cost basis and is depreciated over the asset&#x2019;s remaining useful
life. Long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely
independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, no impairment of long-lived
assets was observed and recognized.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_z2KJe0YNIPV5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_868_zljREK5hdyql"&gt;Investments
at equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Pursuant
to ASC 323-30-25-1, the joint venture is accounted for using the equity method of accounting as the Company has the ability to exercise
significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investee but does not have a controlling financial interest. Our judgment
regarding the level of influence over an equity method investment includes considering key factors such as our ownership interest, representation
on the board of directors, participation in policy making decisions and material intercompany transactions. Under this method of accounting,
the Company records its proportionate share of the net earnings or losses of the equity method investee and a corresponding increase
or decrease to the investment balance. The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes
in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the investments at equity of the Company were S$&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iI_dxL_c20231231_zI2gcxYUAC31" title="::XDX::-"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0832"&gt;nil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
and S$&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iI_dxL_c20241231_zTG93qExicW9" title="::XDX::-"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0833"&gt;nil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (US$nil),
respectively. There is a general presumption that equity method should be suspended and losses should not be recognized in excess of
the total investment (including any additional advances). It is important that investors continue to track unrecognized equity
method losses to determine when to record subsequent period equity method earnings. However, an investor may record losses in excess
of the carrying amount of the investment if the investor has guaranteed the investee&#x2019;s obligations or has committed to provide
further financial support to the investee, as described in ASC 323-10-35-20.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zzGgDIYVaV4a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_865_z9VcWWMUMEPf"&gt;Fair value measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ASC
820 defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required
or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in pricing the asset or liability.
ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-
    observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-
    other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-
    unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, contract assets, inventories, accounts payable,
amount due to related parties, and accruals and other payables approximate their fair values because of their generally short maturities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_zquW4Y0Bgi7b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_863_zyoVBdK7rCm7"&gt;Revenue
recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company follows the revenue requirements of Accounting Standards Update (&#x201c;ASU&#x201d;) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with
Customers (Topic 606) (&#x201c;Accounting Standards Codification (&#x201c;ASC&#x201d;) 606&#x201d;). The core principle underlying the revenue
recognition of this ASC allows the Company to recognize revenue that represents the transfer of goods and services to customers in an
amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in such exchange. This will require the Company to
identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based
on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;To
achieve that core principle, the Company applies a five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts. The five-step model
requires that the Company (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii)
determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal
will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue
when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues
are generally recognized upon the transfer of control of promised products or services provided to our customers, reflecting the amount
of consideration we expect to receive for those products or services.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The
Company generates revenue from the following streams:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sales
of Maggot Debridement Therapy Product&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company recognizes revenue from the respective hospitals after 36 hours from the delivery of the vials to the hospital for their treatment
of respective patients, as the storage life of the vials are only 36 hours from the production and this is when the customer could direct
the use of and obtain the benefits of their service. Maggot Debridement Therapy product is typically sold without a discount for early
payment, rebates or rights of return.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Payment
terms are generally 30 days from the date of invoice. The point of invoice is typically upon completion of the overall service and treatment,
as at this point the Company is able to conclude whether the patient will be receiving (i) ala carte orders, (ii) one (1) week packages,
or (iii) one (1) month packages, and invoice accordingly. The Company&#x2019;s product sales contracts are primarily with customers, which
is the hospital. The revenue occurs at a point in time, when the customer received the vials or maggots for their treatment to the respective
patients. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit
of account for revenue recognition. A contract&#x2019;s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized
as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company&#x2019;s performance obligations are satisfied upon 36 hours
from the delivery of maggots for the treatment of respective patients from the doctor at the estimated net realizable amount for those
services and goods.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sales
of Cosmeceutical Product&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company provides sale of cosmeceutical product to its customers. Revenue from sale of cosmeceutical product is recognized when the Company
satisfies a performance obligation at a point in time which generally coincides with delivery and acceptance of the good sold. The customer
would indicate the acceptance of the goods sold to them through acknowledgment on the delivery order. Cosmeceutical product is typically
sold with a right of return and without discount for early payment and rebates. Accumulated experience is used to estimate and provide
for such returns at the time of sale. There has been no event for return of goods since the launching of the product.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--ReconciliationOfRevenueFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock_zHEEuyczRIne" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_860_zn2qTooU3te6"&gt;Segments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ASC
280, &#x201c;Segment Reporting&#x201d;, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent
with the Company&#x2019;s internal organizational structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major
clients in financial statements for detailing the Company&#x2019;s business segments. Based on the criteria established by ASC 280, the
Company&#x2019;s chief operating decision maker (&#x201c;CODM&#x201d;) has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated
results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Company. As a whole and hence, the Company
has only two reportable segments, being the Maggot Debridement Therapy Product and Cosmeceutical Product.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_z1FlgSnmyDal" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86F_zB1JsKWPWFyi"&gt;Concentrations
and credit risk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company maintains cash with banks in Singapore (&#x201c;SGN&#x201d;). Should any bank holding cash become insolvent, or if the Company
is otherwise unable to withdraw funds, the Company would lose the cash with that bank; however, the Company has not experienced any losses
in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant risks on its cash in bank accounts. In Singapore, a depositor has
up to S$&lt;span id="xdx_900_ecustom--InsuranceOfDeposit_iI_c20241231_zm0PE9ArxuYe" title="Insurance of deposit"&gt;100,000&lt;/span&gt; insured by Singapore Deposit Insurance Corporation (&#x201c;SDIC&#x201d;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Financial
instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts
receivable. The Company has designed their credit policies with an objective to minimize their exposure to credit risk. The Company&#x2019;s
accounts receivable are short term in nature and the associated risk is minimal. The Company conducts credit evaluations on its clients
and generally does not require collateral or other security. The Company periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of the existing
clients in determining the allowance for current expected credit loss primarily based upon the age of the receivables and factors surrounding the
credit risk of specific clients.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of December 31, 2023, the Company&#x2019;s assets were located in Singapore and Malaysia, and the Company&#x2019;s revenue was principally
derived from the operations in Singapore. As of December 31, 2024, the Company&#x2019;s assets were located in Singapore, Malaysia and
United States of America, and the Company&#x2019;s revenue was principally derived from the operation in Singapore.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;For
the year ended December 31, 2023, customer A, customer B, customer C, customer D, and customer E accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zSYWb335fly" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;22.0%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zjfHPZ1ugWF7" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;18.1%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z97mlT0Aopzd" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;17.0%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zdvHIsEwEWA5" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;13.4%&lt;/span&gt;
and &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zHCFODkd9tAg" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;10.7%&lt;/span&gt; of the Company&#x2019;s total revenue and &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zU1lXfwoKv38" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;25.1%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zFnYFPylwfl5" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;22.8%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zJqmUPbzLSai" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;7.9%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zmG488xmBUD3" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;6.5%&lt;/span&gt;, and &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zseZifa5hO95" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;26.0%&lt;/span&gt; of the Company&#x2019;s total accounts receivable
as of December 31, 2023, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, customer A, customer B, customer C, customer E , and customer
F accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zMjQPtmlEQK5" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;8.3%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z5jGQEJ7QKP9" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;13.4%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zrZFPs2zxtM4" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;23.8%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zRNAs6CpTJge" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;20.9%&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zsXmdkCpCOrh" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;4.8%&lt;/span&gt; of the Company&#x2019;s total revenue and &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zusOsYrllUK5" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;39.0%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z1xlOa3PJ4Ei" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;32.5%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zkaIRJsUjs67" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;0.0%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zoRd4FdHUlX8" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;3.0%&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerFMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z3EULGqNCNFb" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;3.2%&lt;/span&gt; of the
Company&#x2019;s total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;For
the year ended December 31, 2023, vendor A, vendor B, vendor C, and vendor D accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zIVic8ABFOa2" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;34.6%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zu2wxIM9EQGl" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;19.4%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zOde9mFoVofg" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;18.3%&lt;/span&gt;, and &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_ztYxsfipbP41" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;9.9%&lt;/span&gt; of the Company&#x2019;s
total purchases, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, vendor A and vendor C accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z1Zd37CvPWs2" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;67.4%&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z4eI50LU1wna" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;18.0%&lt;/span&gt; of the Company&#x2019;s
total purchases, respectively. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;None
of the vendors consisted of more than 10% of accounts payable as of December 31, 2023 and 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_zon9MJjw3NE9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86D_zcCHDFJeTmB4"&gt;Commitments
and contingencies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and claims arising out of the business
that relate to a wide range of matters, such as government investigations and tax matters. The Company recognizes a liability for such
contingency if it determines it is probable that a loss will be incurred and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. The Company
may consider many factors in making these assessments including historical and the specific facts and circumstances of each matter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Employee
benefits&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Employee
benefits are recognized as an expense, unless the cost qualifies to be capitalized as an asset.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;i)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Defined
  contribution plan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 28.15pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Defined
contribution plan are post-employment benefit plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into separate entities such as
the Central Provident Fund on a mandatory, and contractual basis. The Company has no further payment obligations once the
contributions have been paid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.9in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_zx5aeA3KZlKl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_862_zmnGhEL9Vt8h"&gt;Research
and development&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
connection with the design and development of products, the Company expenses all research costs as incurred, which primarily
comprise internal and external costs related to execution of studies. For the year ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, research
and development expenses were S$&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uSGD_c20220101__20221231_zosc3wWgqwvd" title="Research and development expenses"&gt;292,879&lt;/span&gt;, S$&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uSGD_c20230101__20231231_zc17G8FRfPQj" title="Research and development expenses"&gt;167,734&lt;/span&gt;
and S$&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uSGD_c20240101__20241231_zRLXn3BxX5Sh" title="Research and development expenses"&gt;241,362&lt;/span&gt;
(US$&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uUSD_c20230101__20231231_zc1ol9e5IZ62" title="Research and development expenses"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zspCTmkb5JFb" title="Research and development expenses"&gt;177,433&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;),
respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_844_ecustom--RelatedPartiesPolicyTextBlock_zjczo0MT2h9i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_865_zQAddde9Woyb"&gt;Related
parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Parties
are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant
influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject
to common control or significant influence of the same party, such as a family member or relative, shareholder, or a related corporation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company follows ASC 850 Related Party Disclosures for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_zDtkMTMjfRLk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86A_zXWySm1AX0aa"&gt;Foreign
currency &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in Singapore Dollars (&#x201c;S$&#x201d;), which is the reporting currency
of the Company. The functional currencies of the Company are the Singapore Dollar, United State Dollar, Malaysia Ringgit, Renminbi and
Hong Kong Dollar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Translations
of the consolidated balance sheet, consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, consolidated statement of changes in
shareholders&#x2019; deficit and consolidated statement of cash flows from S$ into US$ as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024
are solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the rate of US$&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--UnitedStateDollarMember_zcbRyNQdnmN2" title="Foreign currency, exchange rate"&gt;0.7351&lt;/span&gt; = S$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--SingaporeDollarMember_zx9G6HRaf4Uf" title="Foreign currency, exchange rate"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;, as set forth in the statistical release
of the Monetary Authority Singapore on December 31, 2024. No representation is made that the SGD amounts could have been, or could be,
converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 31, 2024, or at any other rate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_zTO5Lh83VYt8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86B_zy9uLbEJ4bid"&gt;Income
taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company accounts for income taxes under FASB ASC 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences
attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their
respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are also provided for net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized to offset future
taxable income.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary
differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized
in income in the period including the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established, when necessary, to reduce net deferred tax
assets to the amount expected to be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing
authorities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
provisions of FASB ASC 740-10-25, &#x201c;Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,&#x201d; prescribe a more-likely-than-not threshold
for consolidated financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. This
interpretation also provides guidance on the recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred
income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and related disclosures.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company did not accrue any liability, interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in its provision for income taxes for
the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024. The Company does not expect that its assessment regarding uncertain tax positions will materially
change over the next 12 months.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_840_ecustom--GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_zYZsiEK8bz19" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_866_zs5Ja5WKLjef"&gt;Government
grants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Government
grants are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied
with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs,
for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as income in equal amounts
over the expected useful life of the related asset.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_zzANDdOhMhY2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86C_zTIKj1CPRk3f"&gt;Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company adopted ASC 842 on January 1, 2019. The Company is a lessee of non-cancellable operating leases for its corporate office premises
and production space. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Lease assets and liabilities are recognized at
the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value
of the future lease payments is the Company&#x2019;s incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement
date. The Company generally uses the base, non-cancellable lease term in calculating the right-of-use assets and liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less.
The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with its short-term leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company evaluates the impairment of its right-of-use assets consistent with the approach applied for its other long-lived assets. The
assessment of possible impairment is based on its ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future
pre-tax cash flows of the related operations. The Company has elected to include the carrying amount of finance and operating lease liabilities
in any tested asset group and include the associated lease payments in the undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows. For the years ended
December 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company did not have any impairment loss against its operating lease right-of-use assets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_zho4AvajcAUi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_869_zMKBGIVwkSLf"&gt;Earnings
(loss) per share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Basic
earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number
of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if outstanding
stock options, warrants and convertible debt were exercised or converted into ordinary shares. When the Company incurs a loss, diluted
shares are not included, as their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect. The Company did not have any dilutive securities or debt
for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_zeAM1ZBrqGNd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86A_z1xqWLIANWI5"&gt;Reclassification&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;Certain prior period accounts have been reclassified to be in conformity
with current period presentation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zFvf0PH9Kb6d" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86D_zMtJF8P5F3sd"&gt;Recent
Accounting Pronouncements &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company is an &#x201c;emerging growth company&#x201d; (&#x201c;EGC&#x201d;) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012
(the &#x201c;JOBS Act&#x201d;). Under the JOBS Act, an EGC can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to
the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company made the election to delay the
adoption of new or revised accounting standards.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, &#x201c;Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject
to Contractual Sale Restrictions&#x201d;, which clarifies that contractual sale restrictions are not considered in measuring fair value
of equity securities and requires additional disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The standard
is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted
the ASU on January 1, 2024. The additional required disclosures did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting&#x2014;Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). The standard
requires incremental disclosures related to reportable segments, including disaggregated expense information and the title and position
of the company&#x2019;s chief operating decision maker (&#x201c;CODM&#x201d;), as identified for purposes of segment determination. The
ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December
15, 2024. Entities must adopt the changes to the segment reporting guidance on a retrospective basis. The Company adopted the ASU on
January 1, 2024. The additional required disclosures did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, &#x201c;Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,&#x201d; which requires
disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#x2019;s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid.
The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital
allocation decisions. The standard will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption
is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements
and does not expect materials impact to its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02 Codification Improvements &#x2013; Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements.
This ASU amends the ASC by removing references to various FASB Concepts Statements to simplify the ASC and draw a distinction between
authoritative and non-authoritative literature. The amendments in this update apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the
affected accounting guidance and are effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption
is permitted in any interim or annual period in which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company is in the process of
assessing the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. This ASU
requires disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. ASU 2024-03 is
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2027. ASU 2024-03 should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date
of this ASU or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is in the process of assessing
the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Except
as mentioned above, the Group does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted,
would have a material effect on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and cash flows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_85A_zYWsAc2X99d3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000779">&lt;p id="xdx_843_eus-gaap--BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_zMCZy5LZU5y1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_865_zkdTM3rUtgq6"&gt;Basis
of presentation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;This
summary of significant accounting policies is presented to assist in understanding the Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements
and have been consistently applied in the preparation of the financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2024. The accompanying
consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America (&#x201c;US GAAP&#x201d;) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (&#x201c;SEC&#x201d;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:SubstantialDoubtAboutGoingConcernTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000781">&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--SubstantialDoubtAboutGoingConcernTextBlock_zOIkviFzFmhd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_860_zXX6cXSmuAjh"&gt;Going
concern&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates,
among other things, the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company had a working
capital deficiency of S$&lt;span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uSGD_c20231231_zyIzbXnsU3ol" title="Working capital"&gt;2,990,424&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uSGD_c20241231_zVADhs75n3cd" title="Working capital"&gt;4,384,999&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_905_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20231231_zhxrZUP7Lof8" title="Working capital"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zGToqDIf6UVc" title="Working capital"&gt;3,223,552&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) and a shareholders&#x2019; deficit of S$&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uSGD_c20231231_zzeipXTsm9qh" title="Shareholders' deficit"&gt;2,897,284&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uSGD_c20241231_zY1lyKwGqcRk" title="Shareholders' deficit"&gt;4,459,722&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uUSD_c20231231_zkfCbkiERuI4" title="Shareholders' deficit"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zxcZbpbEupKg" title="Shareholders' deficit"&gt;3,278,484&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)
as at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. These factors, among others, raises substantial doubt about the Company&#x2019;s ability
to continue as a going concern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;On
April 11, 2025, the Company has completed the Initial Public Offering (&#x201c;IPO&#x201d;) of 3,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares on
Nasdaq Capital Market, at a public offering price of US$4.00 per share, and give rise to total gross proceeds of US$12.0 million.
The gross proceeds raised enable us to meet our liabilities as and when they fall due, and sufficient to meet our operational needs
over the next 12 months. We believe the completion of the IPO alleviates the substantial doubt about the Company&#x2019;s ability to
continue as a going concern.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going
concern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Significant
account policies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:SubstantialDoubtAboutGoingConcernTextBlock>
    <CUPR:WorkingCapital
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      decimals="0"
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    <CUPR:WorkingCapital
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      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000785"
      unitRef="SGD">4384999</CUPR:WorkingCapital>
    <CUPR:WorkingCapital
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000787"
      unitRef="USD">3223552</CUPR:WorkingCapital>
    <CUPR:WorkingCapital
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000789"
      unitRef="USD">3223552</CUPR:WorkingCapital>
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000791"
      unitRef="SGD">-2897284</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
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      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000793"
      unitRef="SGD">-4459722</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
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      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000795"
      unitRef="USD">-3278484</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000797"
      unitRef="USD">-3278484</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000799">&lt;p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_zx5jJuSJz291" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_861_zRvbLhnEuhw1"&gt;Consolidation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries. All inter-company
balances, investment and capital, if any, have been eliminated upon consolidation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:UseOfEstimates contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000801">&lt;p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_zUXTz3lFTCt4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_860_zkM6OrFbkIna"&gt;Use
of estimates &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions
that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated
assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances,
the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent
from other sources. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements include, but
are not limited to, the useful lives and impairment of long-lived assets, and collectability of accounts receivable and other current
assets. Actual results may differ from these estimates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:UseOfEstimates>
    <CUPR:CashFlowsReportingPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000803">&lt;p id="xdx_843_ecustom--CashFlowsReportingPolicyTextBlock_z8Lew5BzOli3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_867_zHEhNYr9nWX5"&gt;Cash
Flows Reporting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
follow ASC 230, Statements of Cash Flows, for cash flows reporting, and classify cash receipts and payments according to whether they
stem from operating, investing, or financing activities and provides definitions of each category. We use the indirect or reconciliation
method (&#x201c;Indirect method&#x201d;) as defined by ASC 230, Statement of Cash Flows, to report net cash flow from operating activities
by adjusting net income (loss) to reconcile it to net cash flow from operating activities by removing the effects of all deferrals of
past operating cash receipts and payments and all accruals of expected future operating cash receipts and payments and all items that
are included in net (loss) income that do not affect operating cash receipts and payments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</CUPR:CashFlowsReportingPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000805">&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zyeOh67vzSj5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_861_zbG1h1zIWaJg"&gt;Cash
and cash equivalents &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cash
equivalents primarily consist of bank deposits with original maturities of three months or less, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal
and use.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000807">&lt;p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock_zbL4aXh2NW8h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_867_zvMdsye3fkph"&gt;Accounts
receivable, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accounts
receivable mainly represent amounts due from customers that meet the revenue recognition criteria. These accounts receivables are recorded
net of any allowance for credit losses and specific customer credit allowances. The Company maintains an allowance for estimated credit
losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses
adjusted to take into account current market conditions and the Company&#x2019;s customers&#x2019; financial condition, the receivable
amount in dispute, and the current receivables aging and current payment patterns, over the contractual life of the receivable. The Company
writes off the receivable when it is determined to be uncollectible.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ReceivablesPolicyTextBlock>
    <CUPR:OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000809">&lt;p id="xdx_846_ecustom--OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zktl8HNWelO4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86C_zHDU1lJ3Ycr6"&gt;Other
current assets &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
current assets, net, primarily consists of deposits, prepayments made to vendors or services providers for future services that have
not been provided, and other receivables from third parties. These advances are unsecured and are reviewed periodically to determine
whether their carrying value has become impaired. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, management believes that the Company&#x2019;s other
current assets are not impaired.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</CUPR:OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:InventoryPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000811">&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--InventoryPolicyTextBlock_zBS28TCKwVG5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_868_z1EuyC5fmtJ9"&gt;Inventory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Inventories
are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in, first-out principle, and
includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:InventoryPolicyTextBlock>
    <CUPR:DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000813">&lt;p id="xdx_849_ecustom--DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock_zvrCT7rNjIog" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_866_zVPQYNLRFul5"&gt;Deferred
costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Pursuant
to ASC 340-10-25-2, deferred costs attributable to preproduction costs related to long-term supply arrangements shall be capitalized.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
addition, pursuant to ASC 340-10-S99-1, offering costs directly attributable to an offering of equity securities are deferred and would
be charged against the gross proceeds of the offering as a reduction of additional paid-in capital. These costs include legal and consulting
fees related to the registration statement, and the expenses related to the SEC filing and printing. As of December 31, 2024, the Company
did not conclude its IPO.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</CUPR:DeferredCostsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000815">&lt;p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_zilj2bCWwla9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86C_zaoj8pEPIhkb"&gt;Property
and equipment, net &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zsuErjUOdmgh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Property
and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if applicable. The Company computes depreciation using
the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_zi3qFEb570Fi"&gt;Schedule
of estimated useful lives&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Property
    and equipment&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Capitalize
    of lease term or expected useful life&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Motor
    vehicles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--MotorVehiclesMember_zYFG8aeTJ611" title="Estimated useful lives"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Computers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--ComputersMember_zpfRBeX9k8" title="Estimated useful lives"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Furniture
    and fittings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--FurnitureAndFittingsMember_zITRdbjVjMs4" title="Estimated useful lives"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Renovation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--RenovationMember_zBoQrEYei2Q6" title="Estimated useful lives"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Office
    equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--OfficeEquipmentMember_zKcoQvM9jxif" title="Estimated useful lives"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p id="xdx_8A9_zZy525QR1nya" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is
included in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to
expense as incurred, while additions renewals and betterments, which are expected to extend the useful life of assets, are capitalized.
The Company also re-evaluates the periods of depreciation to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates
of useful lives.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000817">&lt;p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zsuErjUOdmgh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Property
and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if applicable. The Company computes depreciation using
the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_zi3qFEb570Fi"&gt;Schedule
of estimated useful lives&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Property
    and equipment&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Capitalize
    of lease term or expected useful life&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Motor
    vehicles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--MotorVehiclesMember_zYFG8aeTJ611" title="Estimated useful lives"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Computers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--ComputersMember_zpfRBeX9k8" title="Estimated useful lives"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Furniture
    and fittings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--FurnitureAndFittingsMember_zITRdbjVjMs4" title="Estimated useful lives"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Renovation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--RenovationMember_zBoQrEYei2Q6" title="Estimated useful lives"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Office
    equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--OfficeEquipmentMember_zKcoQvM9jxif" title="Estimated useful lives"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_MotorVehiclesMember"
      id="Fact000819">P5Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ComputersMember"
      id="Fact000821">P3Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_FurnitureAndFittingsMember"
      id="Fact000823">P3Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_RenovationMember"
      id="Fact000825">P5Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember"
      id="Fact000827">P3Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000829">&lt;p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_z6lCpjZMdEwi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86B_zNizwz9YY20a"&gt;Impairment
of long-lived assets &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets (asset groups), including property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use
assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of its asset (asset group) may not
be fully recoverable. When these events occur, the Company measures impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the
estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset (asset group) and their eventual disposition. If
the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset (asset group), the Company recognizes an
impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset (asset group) over their fair value. Fair value is generally
determined by discounting the cash flows expected to be generated by the asset (asset group), when the market prices are not readily
available. The adjusted carrying amount of the asset is the new cost basis and is depreciated over the asset&#x2019;s remaining useful
life. Long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely
independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, no impairment of long-lived
assets was observed and recognized.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000831">&lt;p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_z2KJe0YNIPV5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_868_zljREK5hdyql"&gt;Investments
at equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Pursuant
to ASC 323-30-25-1, the joint venture is accounted for using the equity method of accounting as the Company has the ability to exercise
significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investee but does not have a controlling financial interest. Our judgment
regarding the level of influence over an equity method investment includes considering key factors such as our ownership interest, representation
on the board of directors, participation in policy making decisions and material intercompany transactions. Under this method of accounting,
the Company records its proportionate share of the net earnings or losses of the equity method investee and a corresponding increase
or decrease to the investment balance. The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes
in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the investments at equity of the Company were S$&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iI_dxL_c20231231_zI2gcxYUAC31" title="::XDX::-"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0832"&gt;nil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
and S$&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iI_dxL_c20241231_zTG93qExicW9" title="::XDX::-"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0833"&gt;nil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (US$nil),
respectively. There is a general presumption that equity method should be suspended and losses should not be recognized in excess of
the total investment (including any additional advances). It is important that investors continue to track unrecognized equity
method losses to determine when to record subsequent period equity method earnings. However, an investor may record losses in excess
of the carrying amount of the investment if the investor has guaranteed the investee&#x2019;s obligations or has committed to provide
further financial support to the investee, as described in ASC 323-10-35-20.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000835">&lt;p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zzGgDIYVaV4a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_865_z9VcWWMUMEPf"&gt;Fair value measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ASC
820 defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required
or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in pricing the asset or liability.
ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-
    observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-
    other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-
    unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, contract assets, inventories, accounts payable,
amount due to related parties, and accruals and other payables approximate their fair values because of their generally short maturities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000837">&lt;p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_zquW4Y0Bgi7b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_863_zyoVBdK7rCm7"&gt;Revenue
recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company follows the revenue requirements of Accounting Standards Update (&#x201c;ASU&#x201d;) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with
Customers (Topic 606) (&#x201c;Accounting Standards Codification (&#x201c;ASC&#x201d;) 606&#x201d;). The core principle underlying the revenue
recognition of this ASC allows the Company to recognize revenue that represents the transfer of goods and services to customers in an
amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in such exchange. This will require the Company to
identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based
on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;To
achieve that core principle, the Company applies a five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts. The five-step model
requires that the Company (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii)
determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal
will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue
when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues
are generally recognized upon the transfer of control of promised products or services provided to our customers, reflecting the amount
of consideration we expect to receive for those products or services.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The
Company generates revenue from the following streams:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sales
of Maggot Debridement Therapy Product&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company recognizes revenue from the respective hospitals after 36 hours from the delivery of the vials to the hospital for their treatment
of respective patients, as the storage life of the vials are only 36 hours from the production and this is when the customer could direct
the use of and obtain the benefits of their service. Maggot Debridement Therapy product is typically sold without a discount for early
payment, rebates or rights of return.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Payment
terms are generally 30 days from the date of invoice. The point of invoice is typically upon completion of the overall service and treatment,
as at this point the Company is able to conclude whether the patient will be receiving (i) ala carte orders, (ii) one (1) week packages,
or (iii) one (1) month packages, and invoice accordingly. The Company&#x2019;s product sales contracts are primarily with customers, which
is the hospital. The revenue occurs at a point in time, when the customer received the vials or maggots for their treatment to the respective
patients. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit
of account for revenue recognition. A contract&#x2019;s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized
as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company&#x2019;s performance obligations are satisfied upon 36 hours
from the delivery of maggots for the treatment of respective patients from the doctor at the estimated net realizable amount for those
services and goods.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sales
of Cosmeceutical Product&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company provides sale of cosmeceutical product to its customers. Revenue from sale of cosmeceutical product is recognized when the Company
satisfies a performance obligation at a point in time which generally coincides with delivery and acceptance of the good sold. The customer
would indicate the acceptance of the goods sold to them through acknowledgment on the delivery order. Cosmeceutical product is typically
sold with a right of return and without discount for early payment and rebates. Accumulated experience is used to estimate and provide
for such returns at the time of sale. There has been no event for return of goods since the launching of the product.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ReconciliationOfRevenueFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000839">&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--ReconciliationOfRevenueFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock_zHEEuyczRIne" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_860_zn2qTooU3te6"&gt;Segments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ASC
280, &#x201c;Segment Reporting&#x201d;, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent
with the Company&#x2019;s internal organizational structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major
clients in financial statements for detailing the Company&#x2019;s business segments. Based on the criteria established by ASC 280, the
Company&#x2019;s chief operating decision maker (&#x201c;CODM&#x201d;) has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated
results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Company. As a whole and hence, the Company
has only two reportable segments, being the Maggot Debridement Therapy Product and Cosmeceutical Product.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ReconciliationOfRevenueFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000841">&lt;p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_z1FlgSnmyDal" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86F_zB1JsKWPWFyi"&gt;Concentrations
and credit risk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company maintains cash with banks in Singapore (&#x201c;SGN&#x201d;). Should any bank holding cash become insolvent, or if the Company
is otherwise unable to withdraw funds, the Company would lose the cash with that bank; however, the Company has not experienced any losses
in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant risks on its cash in bank accounts. In Singapore, a depositor has
up to S$&lt;span id="xdx_900_ecustom--InsuranceOfDeposit_iI_c20241231_zm0PE9ArxuYe" title="Insurance of deposit"&gt;100,000&lt;/span&gt; insured by Singapore Deposit Insurance Corporation (&#x201c;SDIC&#x201d;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Financial
instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts
receivable. The Company has designed their credit policies with an objective to minimize their exposure to credit risk. The Company&#x2019;s
accounts receivable are short term in nature and the associated risk is minimal. The Company conducts credit evaluations on its clients
and generally does not require collateral or other security. The Company periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of the existing
clients in determining the allowance for current expected credit loss primarily based upon the age of the receivables and factors surrounding the
credit risk of specific clients.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of December 31, 2023, the Company&#x2019;s assets were located in Singapore and Malaysia, and the Company&#x2019;s revenue was principally
derived from the operations in Singapore. As of December 31, 2024, the Company&#x2019;s assets were located in Singapore, Malaysia and
United States of America, and the Company&#x2019;s revenue was principally derived from the operation in Singapore.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;For
the year ended December 31, 2023, customer A, customer B, customer C, customer D, and customer E accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zSYWb335fly" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;22.0%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zjfHPZ1ugWF7" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;18.1%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z97mlT0Aopzd" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;17.0%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zdvHIsEwEWA5" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;13.4%&lt;/span&gt;
and &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zHCFODkd9tAg" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;10.7%&lt;/span&gt; of the Company&#x2019;s total revenue and &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zU1lXfwoKv38" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;25.1%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zFnYFPylwfl5" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;22.8%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zJqmUPbzLSai" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;7.9%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zmG488xmBUD3" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;6.5%&lt;/span&gt;, and &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zseZifa5hO95" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;26.0%&lt;/span&gt; of the Company&#x2019;s total accounts receivable
as of December 31, 2023, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, customer A, customer B, customer C, customer E , and customer
F accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zMjQPtmlEQK5" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;8.3%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z5jGQEJ7QKP9" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;13.4%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zrZFPs2zxtM4" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;23.8%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zRNAs6CpTJge" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;20.9%&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zsXmdkCpCOrh" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;4.8%&lt;/span&gt; of the Company&#x2019;s total revenue and &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zusOsYrllUK5" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;39.0%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z1xlOa3PJ4Ei" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;32.5%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zkaIRJsUjs67" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;0.0%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerEMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zoRd4FdHUlX8" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;3.0%&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--CustomerFMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z3EULGqNCNFb" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;3.2%&lt;/span&gt; of the
Company&#x2019;s total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;For
the year ended December 31, 2023, vendor A, vendor B, vendor C, and vendor D accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zIVic8ABFOa2" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;34.6%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorBMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zu2wxIM9EQGl" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;19.4%&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zOde9mFoVofg" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;18.3%&lt;/span&gt;, and &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorDMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_ztYxsfipbP41" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;9.9%&lt;/span&gt; of the Company&#x2019;s
total purchases, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, vendor A and vendor C accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorAMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z1Zd37CvPWs2" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;67.4%&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--VendorCMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z4eI50LU1wna" title="Concentration risk percentage"&gt;18.0%&lt;/span&gt; of the Company&#x2019;s
total purchases, respectively. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;None
of the vendors consisted of more than 10% of accounts payable as of December 31, 2023 and 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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and contingencies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and claims arising out of the business
that relate to a wide range of matters, such as government investigations and tax matters. The Company recognizes a liability for such
contingency if it determines it is probable that a loss will be incurred and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. The Company
may consider many factors in making these assessments including historical and the specific facts and circumstances of each matter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Employee
benefits&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Employee
benefits are recognized as an expense, unless the cost qualifies to be capitalized as an asset.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;i)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Defined
  contribution plan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 28.15pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Defined
contribution plan are post-employment benefit plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into separate entities such as
the Central Provident Fund on a mandatory, and contractual basis. The Company has no further payment obligations once the
contributions have been paid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.9in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000899">&lt;p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_zx5aeA3KZlKl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_862_zmnGhEL9Vt8h"&gt;Research
and development&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
connection with the design and development of products, the Company expenses all research costs as incurred, which primarily
comprise internal and external costs related to execution of studies. For the year ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, research
and development expenses were S$&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uSGD_c20220101__20221231_zosc3wWgqwvd" title="Research and development expenses"&gt;292,879&lt;/span&gt;, S$&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uSGD_c20230101__20231231_zc17G8FRfPQj" title="Research and development expenses"&gt;167,734&lt;/span&gt;
and S$&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uSGD_c20240101__20241231_zRLXn3BxX5Sh" title="Research and development expenses"&gt;241,362&lt;/span&gt;
(US$&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uUSD_c20230101__20231231_zc1ol9e5IZ62" title="Research and development expenses"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zspCTmkb5JFb" title="Research and development expenses"&gt;177,433&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;),
respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy>
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      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
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      decimals="0"
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      decimals="0"
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    <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense
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      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
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parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Parties
are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant
influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject
to common control or significant influence of the same party, such as a family member or relative, shareholder, or a related corporation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company follows ASC 850 Related Party Disclosures for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</CUPR:RelatedPartiesPolicyTextBlock>
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currency &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in Singapore Dollars (&#x201c;S$&#x201d;), which is the reporting currency
of the Company. The functional currencies of the Company are the Singapore Dollar, United State Dollar, Malaysia Ringgit, Renminbi and
Hong Kong Dollar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Translations
of the consolidated balance sheet, consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, consolidated statement of changes in
shareholders&#x2019; deficit and consolidated statement of cash flows from S$ into US$ as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024
are solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the rate of US$&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--UnitedStateDollarMember_zcbRyNQdnmN2" title="Foreign currency, exchange rate"&gt;0.7351&lt;/span&gt; = S$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--SingaporeDollarMember_zx9G6HRaf4Uf" title="Foreign currency, exchange rate"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;, as set forth in the statistical release
of the Monetary Authority Singapore on December 31, 2024. No representation is made that the SGD amounts could have been, or could be,
converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 31, 2024, or at any other rate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_SingaporeDollarMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000917"
      unitRef="Pure">1</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyExchangeRateTranslation1>
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taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company accounts for income taxes under FASB ASC 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences
attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their
respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are also provided for net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized to offset future
taxable income.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary
differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized
in income in the period including the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established, when necessary, to reduce net deferred tax
assets to the amount expected to be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing
authorities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
provisions of FASB ASC 740-10-25, &#x201c;Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,&#x201d; prescribe a more-likely-than-not threshold
for consolidated financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. This
interpretation also provides guidance on the recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred
income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and related disclosures.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company did not accrue any liability, interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in its provision for income taxes for
the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024. The Company does not expect that its assessment regarding uncertain tax positions will materially
change over the next 12 months.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock>
    <CUPR:GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000921">&lt;p id="xdx_840_ecustom--GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock_zYZsiEK8bz19" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_866_zs5Ja5WKLjef"&gt;Government
grants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Government
grants are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied
with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs,
for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as income in equal amounts
over the expected useful life of the related asset.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</CUPR:GovernmentGrantsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000923">&lt;p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_zzANDdOhMhY2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86C_zTIKj1CPRk3f"&gt;Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company adopted ASC 842 on January 1, 2019. The Company is a lessee of non-cancellable operating leases for its corporate office premises
and production space. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Lease assets and liabilities are recognized at
the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value
of the future lease payments is the Company&#x2019;s incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement
date. The Company generally uses the base, non-cancellable lease term in calculating the right-of-use assets and liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less.
The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with its short-term leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company evaluates the impairment of its right-of-use assets consistent with the approach applied for its other long-lived assets. The
assessment of possible impairment is based on its ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future
pre-tax cash flows of the related operations. The Company has elected to include the carrying amount of finance and operating lease liabilities
in any tested asset group and include the associated lease payments in the undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows. For the years ended
December 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company did not have any impairment loss against its operating lease right-of-use assets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000925">&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_zho4AvajcAUi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_869_zMKBGIVwkSLf"&gt;Earnings
(loss) per share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Basic
earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number
of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if outstanding
stock options, warrants and convertible debt were exercised or converted into ordinary shares. When the Company incurs a loss, diluted
shares are not included, as their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect. The Company did not have any dilutive securities or debt
for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000927">&lt;p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_zeAM1ZBrqGNd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86A_z1xqWLIANWI5"&gt;Reclassification&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;Certain prior period accounts have been reclassified to be in conformity
with current period presentation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription>
    <us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000929">&lt;p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zFvf0PH9Kb6d" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86D_zMtJF8P5F3sd"&gt;Recent
Accounting Pronouncements &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 22.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company is an &#x201c;emerging growth company&#x201d; (&#x201c;EGC&#x201d;) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012
(the &#x201c;JOBS Act&#x201d;). Under the JOBS Act, an EGC can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to
the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company made the election to delay the
adoption of new or revised accounting standards.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, &#x201c;Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject
to Contractual Sale Restrictions&#x201d;, which clarifies that contractual sale restrictions are not considered in measuring fair value
of equity securities and requires additional disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The standard
is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted
the ASU on January 1, 2024. The additional required disclosures did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting&#x2014;Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). The standard
requires incremental disclosures related to reportable segments, including disaggregated expense information and the title and position
of the company&#x2019;s chief operating decision maker (&#x201c;CODM&#x201d;), as identified for purposes of segment determination. The
ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December
15, 2024. Entities must adopt the changes to the segment reporting guidance on a retrospective basis. The Company adopted the ASU on
January 1, 2024. The additional required disclosures did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, &#x201c;Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,&#x201d; which requires
disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#x2019;s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid.
The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital
allocation decisions. The standard will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption
is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements
and does not expect materials impact to its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02 Codification Improvements &#x2013; Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements.
This ASU amends the ASC by removing references to various FASB Concepts Statements to simplify the ASC and draw a distinction between
authoritative and non-authoritative literature. The amendments in this update apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the
affected accounting guidance and are effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption
is permitted in any interim or annual period in which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company is in the process of
assessing the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. This ASU
requires disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. ASU 2024-03 is
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2027. ASU 2024-03 should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date
of this ASU or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is in the process of assessing
the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Except
as mentioned above, the Group does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted,
would have a material effect on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and cash flows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AccountsAndNontradeReceivableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000931">&lt;p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--AccountsAndNontradeReceivableTextBlock_z18QcBdnpXr2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_82E_zDX8cxxsNk22"&gt;Account receivable, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock_zS8yBOnTGJHd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zMqvCdYGzQyb"&gt;Schedule of account receivable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20231231_z9EKWVrNATJ3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20241231_z8fAG7sXdebg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_iI_maARNCzEzC_z2BnUg33Qiyh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Accounts
    receivable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;99,966&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;75,536&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_iI_uUSD_maARNCzEzC_c20241231_zydo9gfpMBNc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;55,529&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iNI_di_msARNCzEzC_z1oZCDimlKt4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Less:
    allowance for current expected credit loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(49,147&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(49,147&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iNI_di_uUSD_msARNCzEzC_c20241231_zeZZTi3faTh4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(36,130&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_iTI_mtARNCzEzC_zY2x3ZPFw0g1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total
    accounts receivable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;50,819&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,389&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_iTI_uUSD_mtARNCzEzC_c20241231_zftsRyKGiQgb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;19,399&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AC_zJkYC5ERlcR4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock_z4LlSpERGn2d" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Movement
of allowance for current expected credit loss are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zSBr3AIjLd19" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of allowance doubtful accounts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230101__20231231_z18YUhpXMir4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20240101__20241231_zT34WG7aevS5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_iS_z0fliIJcjBrb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Allowance
    for current expected credit loss, beginning balance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;11,958&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;20,738&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_iS_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z6QbVRKE20aj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;15,728&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease_zlsgiFRxYjyh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Addition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;8,780&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;28,409&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zLtw9bTmMmVg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;21,545&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_iE_z1EMbIEMCQNe" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Allowance
    for current expected credit loss, ending balance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;20,738&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;49,147&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_iE_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z2QHa3aXR7Vj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;37,273&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A1_zl9cjHPLxj45" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:AccountsAndNontradeReceivableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000933">&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock_zS8yBOnTGJHd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zMqvCdYGzQyb"&gt;Schedule of account receivable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20231231_z9EKWVrNATJ3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20241231_z8fAG7sXdebg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_iI_maARNCzEzC_z2BnUg33Qiyh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Accounts
    receivable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;99,966&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;75,536&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_iI_uUSD_maARNCzEzC_c20241231_zydo9gfpMBNc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;55,529&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iNI_di_msARNCzEzC_z1oZCDimlKt4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Less:
    allowance for current expected credit loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(49,147&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(49,147&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iNI_di_uUSD_msARNCzEzC_c20241231_zeZZTi3faTh4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(36,130&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_iTI_mtARNCzEzC_zY2x3ZPFw0g1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total
    accounts receivable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;50,819&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,389&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_iTI_uUSD_mtARNCzEzC_c20241231_zftsRyKGiQgb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;19,399&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000935"
      unitRef="SGD">99966</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000936"
      unitRef="SGD">75536</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000937"
      unitRef="USD">55529</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000939"
      unitRef="SGD">49147</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000940"
      unitRef="SGD">49147</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000941"
      unitRef="USD">36130</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000943"
      unitRef="SGD">50819</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000944"
      unitRef="SGD">26389</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000945"
      unitRef="USD">19399</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000947">&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock_z4LlSpERGn2d" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Movement
of allowance for current expected credit loss are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zSBr3AIjLd19" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of allowance doubtful accounts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230101__20231231_z18YUhpXMir4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20240101__20241231_zT34WG7aevS5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_iS_z0fliIJcjBrb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Allowance
    for current expected credit loss, beginning balance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;11,958&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;20,738&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_iS_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z6QbVRKE20aj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;15,728&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease_zlsgiFRxYjyh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Addition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;8,780&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;28,409&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zLtw9bTmMmVg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;21,545&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_iE_z1EMbIEMCQNe" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Allowance
    for current expected credit loss, ending balance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;20,738&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;49,147&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_iE_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z2QHa3aXR7Vj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;37,273&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable
      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000949"
      unitRef="SGD">11958</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000950"
      unitRef="SGD">20738</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000951"
      unitRef="USD">15728</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000953"
      unitRef="SGD">8780</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000954"
      unitRef="SGD">28409</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000955"
      unitRef="USD">21545</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivablePeriodIncreaseDecrease>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000957"
      unitRef="SGD">20738</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000958"
      unitRef="SGD">49147</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000959"
      unitRef="USD">37273</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable>
    <CUPR:ContractAssetsTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000961">&lt;p id="xdx_80A_ecustom--ContractAssetsTextBlock_zR5OaGaVJaA7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;4&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_825_zUjBMiNUal3c"&gt;Contract assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_zb30rqyA4fx2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_z6K6OeIPOISa" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of contract assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230101__20231231_zw59r3K7pHRe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20240101__20241231_zWfA6jEZK557" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iS_zCazgu2MhZ6j" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Balance
    - beginning of the year&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2,488&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0966"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iS_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zjTFlVYMAXrg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Balance - beginning of the year"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0968"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice_zDMpPqRht34g" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Increase
    resulting from satisfaction of performance obligations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0970"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0971"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zlYqXXMlvq8f" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Increase resulting from satisfaction of performance obligations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0973"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress_iN_di_z9KiTTDK49Yl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Less:
    progress billings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(2,488&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0976"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress_iN_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z9G1yLgUUYa4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: progress billings"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0978"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iE_zmapzk5FNqR2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Balance
    - end of the year&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0980"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0981"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iE_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zb8YvhwfqZag" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Balance - end of the year"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0983"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A7_zhz6elSIhvo" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</CUPR:ContractAssetsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000963">&lt;p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_zb30rqyA4fx2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_z6K6OeIPOISa" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of contract assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230101__20231231_zw59r3K7pHRe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20240101__20241231_zWfA6jEZK557" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iS_zCazgu2MhZ6j" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Balance
    - beginning of the year&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2,488&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0966"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iS_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zjTFlVYMAXrg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Balance - beginning of the year"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0968"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice_zDMpPqRht34g" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Increase
    resulting from satisfaction of performance obligations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0970"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0971"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInEstimateOfTransactionPrice_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zlYqXXMlvq8f" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Increase resulting from satisfaction of performance obligations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0973"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress_iN_di_z9KiTTDK49Yl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Less:
    progress billings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(2,488&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0976"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress_iN_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z9G1yLgUUYa4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: progress billings"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0978"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iE_zmapzk5FNqR2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Balance
    - end of the year&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0980"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0981"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetNet_iE_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zb8YvhwfqZag" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Balance - end of the year"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0983"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000965"
      unitRef="SGD">2488</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerAssetNet>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueChangeInMeasureOfProgress
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000975"
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    <us-gaap:OtherCurrentAssetsTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000985">&lt;p id="xdx_800_eus-gaap--OtherCurrentAssetsTextBlock_zn4XxqjJvl62" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;5&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_82F_zVaHnu767m5l"&gt;Other current assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock_zsyGntyjINIa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zjjKbsrVEQM4" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of other current assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20231231_zhy437cIOmSb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20241231_zBolxmoSUw5i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_iI_maOACzP4B_zJetvYl8TGMk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Prepayment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;72,603&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;79,727&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zc3Sbr6lQmc2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Prepayment"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;58,610&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DepositAssets_iI_maOACzP4B_z0JxCLvXiED1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Deposit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;66,688&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;66,425&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DepositAssets_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zC5nd8kmD7bl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Deposit"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;48,832&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--OtherAssetCurrent_iI_maOACzP4B_zNWcXRJEA6Y8" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Other
    current assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1000"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_ecustom--OtherAssetCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zdtS8gItCQR5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1001"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iTI_mtOACzP4B_zfeFDCRymgf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    other current assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;156,791&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;146,152&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zes4URz2Ln54" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total other current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;107,442&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_zu4HplqJZHCi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:OtherCurrentAssetsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000987">&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock_zsyGntyjINIa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zjjKbsrVEQM4" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of other current assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20231231_zhy437cIOmSb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20241231_zBolxmoSUw5i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_iI_maOACzP4B_zJetvYl8TGMk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Prepayment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;72,603&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;79,727&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zc3Sbr6lQmc2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Prepayment"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;58,610&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DepositAssets_iI_maOACzP4B_z0JxCLvXiED1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Deposit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;66,688&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;66,425&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DepositAssets_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zC5nd8kmD7bl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Deposit"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;48,832&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--OtherAssetCurrent_iI_maOACzP4B_zNWcXRJEA6Y8" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Other
    current assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1000"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_ecustom--OtherAssetCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zdtS8gItCQR5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1001"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iTI_mtOACzP4B_zfeFDCRymgf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    other current assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;156,791&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;146,152&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zes4URz2Ln54" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total other current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;107,442&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000989"
      unitRef="SGD">72603</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000990"
      unitRef="SGD">79727</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000992"
      unitRef="USD">58610</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:DepositAssets
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000994"
      unitRef="SGD">66688</us-gaap:DepositAssets>
    <us-gaap:DepositAssets
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000995"
      unitRef="SGD">66425</us-gaap:DepositAssets>
    <us-gaap:DepositAssets
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000997"
      unitRef="USD">48832</us-gaap:DepositAssets>
    <CUPR:OtherAssetCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000999"
      unitRef="SGD">17500</CUPR:OtherAssetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001003"
      unitRef="SGD">156791</us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001004"
      unitRef="SGD">146152</us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001006"
      unitRef="USD">107442</us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001008">&lt;p id="xdx_803_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_zGRpIDnn3ZXb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;6&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_827_ztdzz73ySd1l"&gt;Property and equipment, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfPublicUtilityPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zEDSK170fi4c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_zYKjxuxtk1zi" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of property and equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20231231_zQh4bseLMwJf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20241231_zLcWkoGHGbjg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--ComputerEquipmentMember_z12RlxYeywhk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Computers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,793&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,793&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--ComputerEquipmentMember_zD2XcmFHSug5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;13,080&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesMember_zYptDEFcLMug" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Furniture
    and Fittings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;36,038&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;57,272&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesMember_zDNyswcbilXd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;42,102&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--BuildingImprovementsMember_zBXEyXYeCTBi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Renovation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;96,098&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;96,098&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--BuildingImprovementsMember_zR3zfzxaQaoh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;70,645&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--OfficeEquipmentMember_zBHzP16a6J74" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Office
    Equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,447&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;36,097&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--OfficeEquipmentMember_znWeMcqYfBEg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,536&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_maPPAENzvW9_zhRtK9q0pkDj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;185,376&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;207,260&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231_z7MFEhDlvWt9" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;152,363&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_di_msPPAENzvW9_z2JBbkalgY44" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Less:
    accumulated depreciation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(107,010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(149,195&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zyvtYhx6yvfi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: accumulated depreciation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(109,678&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iTI_mtPPAENzvW9_zl1o8Ossz8ed" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Net
    book value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;78,366&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;58,065&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zmQA00pJcFY1" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Net book value"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;42,685&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AD_zrtf9Ssl7Eyd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Depreciation
expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024 was S$&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--Depreciation_c20220101__20221231_zE8dUbV60847" title="Depreciation expense"&gt;29,088&lt;/span&gt;, S$&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--Depreciation_c20240101__20241231_zmzuyPUagEXg" title="Depreciation expense"&gt;35,059&lt;/span&gt;
and S$&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--Depreciation_c20230101__20231231_zl9qivwbWz3d" title="Depreciation expense"&gt;42,185&lt;/span&gt;
(US$&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--Depreciation_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z04sFbiWS097" title="Depreciation expense"&gt;31,012&lt;/span&gt;)
respectively, out of which S$&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation_c20220101__20221231_zRqdv3ZZthY6" title="Cost of revenue"&gt;1,932&lt;/span&gt;, S$&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation_c20240101__20241231_zMmohssIN8aj" title="Cost of revenue"&gt;8,064&lt;/span&gt;
and S$&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation_c20230101__20231231_z13AZtgKZ3xb" title="Cost of revenue"&gt;10,499&lt;/span&gt;
(US$&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldDepreciation_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zAvmrw3chXsi" title="Cost of revenue"&gt;7,718&lt;/span&gt;)
of the depreciation expense was recognized in the cost of revenue.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfPublicUtilityPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001010">&lt;p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfPublicUtilityPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zEDSK170fi4c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_zYKjxuxtk1zi" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of property and equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20231231_zQh4bseLMwJf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20241231_zLcWkoGHGbjg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--ComputerEquipmentMember_z12RlxYeywhk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Computers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,793&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,793&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--ComputerEquipmentMember_zD2XcmFHSug5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;13,080&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesMember_zYptDEFcLMug" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Furniture
    and Fittings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;36,038&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;57,272&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesMember_zDNyswcbilXd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;42,102&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--BuildingImprovementsMember_zBXEyXYeCTBi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Renovation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;96,098&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;96,098&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--BuildingImprovementsMember_zR3zfzxaQaoh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;70,645&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_hus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--OfficeEquipmentMember_zBHzP16a6J74" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Office
    Equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,447&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;36,097&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--OfficeEquipmentMember_znWeMcqYfBEg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,536&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_maPPAENzvW9_zhRtK9q0pkDj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;185,376&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;207,260&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231_z7MFEhDlvWt9" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and equipment, gross"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;152,363&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_di_msPPAENzvW9_z2JBbkalgY44" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Less:
    accumulated depreciation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(107,010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(149,195&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zyvtYhx6yvfi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: accumulated depreciation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(109,678&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iTI_mtPPAENzvW9_zl1o8Ossz8ed" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Net
    book value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;78,366&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;58,065&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zmQA00pJcFY1" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Net book value"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;42,685&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfPublicUtilityPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001012"
      unitRef="SGD">17793</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001013"
      unitRef="SGD">17793</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_ComputerEquipmentMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001015"
      unitRef="USD">13080</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001017"
      unitRef="SGD">36038</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001018"
      unitRef="SGD">57272</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001020"
      unitRef="USD">42102</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001022"
      unitRef="SGD">96098</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001023"
      unitRef="SGD">96098</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001025"
      unitRef="USD">70645</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001027"
      unitRef="SGD">35447</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember"
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
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      id="Fact001033"
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      decimals="0"
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
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    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001063">&lt;p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsDisclosureTextBlock_zrfEtKlQdiS8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;7&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_827_zOoNi319lQhf"&gt;Investments at equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Biotherapeutic
Solutions Sdn. Bhd. (&#x201c;BSSB&#x201d;) &#x2013; Malaysia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company owned a &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20220707__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_zq0YxkAZTJSa" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;% interest in Cuprina GHHS LLP, a joint arrangement which was established on July 7, 2022 with GHHS Healthcare Management
Sdn, Bhd (&#x201c;GHHS&#x201d;). This joint arrangement was principally engaged in wound management services.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Subsequently,
on February 1, 2023, the joint arrangement has ceased operations following the incorporation and replacement from the new joint venture
entity, namely Biotherapeutic Solutions Sdn. Bhd. of which the Company owned a &lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230201__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_z5RBw0MWCvql" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;% equity interest under the new agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
July 11, 2023, the joint venture agreement has been terminated with an immediate effect following the mutual agreement from both parties
and the joint venture entity has been closed down accordingly. The parties have agreed that any residual net assets or liabilities from
the joint venture entity belong to GHHS.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Cuprina
MENA Co., Ltd. (&#x201c;Cuprina MENA&#x201d;)&#x2013; Saudi Arabia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of December 31, 2024, the Company owned a &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zI2jPdCmvgBf" title="Percentage of direct or indirect interests"&gt;49&lt;/span&gt;% equity interest in Cuprina MENA Co., Ltd., an associate which was incorporated on May 21,
2023 with New Future Medical Services Company. This associate is principally engaged in the supply of medical devices and the operation
of medical laboratories and supporting medical services.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_z6QP6ZhhfoH4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Summarized
financial information of the joint venture and associate are set out below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BD_z1Lq1YdqCXdi" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of financial information of the joint venture and associate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BA_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_zOBkOhE3E0Kh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;BSSB&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B2_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zQ1aug1vknaj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Cuprina MENA&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zmMz5gLfJTW1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;S$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;S$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;S$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;As of December 31, 2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20221231_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_iI_ztBNCpNPQ2Dg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;Current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;22,743&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1074"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;22,743&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43E_c20221231_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iI_zwdOVrmblA76" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Current liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;6,670&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1078"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;6,670&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;For the year ended December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_439_c20220101__20221231_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_z0seWf1KlRc9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Net sales or gross revenue&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,370&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1082"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,370&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43B_c20220101__20221231_eus-gaap--GrossProfit_zed3A7e5RvG2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Gross profit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,532&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1086"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,532&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_438_c20220101__20221231_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_zixQG6IT9qw2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Net loss&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(14,690&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1090"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(14,690&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20220101__20221231_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_zcrU8zm6W79k" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Net loss attributable to the Company&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(7,345&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1094"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(7,345&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_z2oa719aZwld" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;BSSB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B2_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zMViUqS1xpI3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cuprina
    MENA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B3_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_z1XGgq4U08g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_434_c20231231_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_iI_zQpvVfNsVYic" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Current
    assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1097"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,580&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,580&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43C_c20231231_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iI_zhDUyOug2R83" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Current
    liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1101"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,274&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,274&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;For
    the year ended December 31, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43B_c20230101__20231231_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_z0kgRmITkaA5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Net
    loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(15,780&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(52,854&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(68,364&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43F_c20230101__20231231_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_zqprdBCDB9r6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Net
    loss attributable to the Company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(7,890&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(25,898&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(33,788&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_zGATOCOk4Sd3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BC_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zwwaGQCO2PC3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zNwiPO8dZQPc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;BSSB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cuprina
    MENA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43E_c20241231_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_iI_zSrI11c75Kok" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Current
    assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1113"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;9,447&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;9,447&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zuRVBJQ8UEx3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;6,945&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_438_c20241231_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iI_zGOVSMSZ4bj3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Current
    liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1119"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;164,840&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;164,840&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zPTEK06xsjEa" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;121,179&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;For
    the year ended December 31, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20240101__20241231_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_zHixN0svxgBl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Net
    loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1125"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(105,981&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(105,981&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zkjQhJjQiBl3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Net loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(77,910&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_437_c20240101__20241231_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_z41ZnnfK41v7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Net
    loss attributable to the Company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1131"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(51,931&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(51,931&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_z6j01TvBrrgh" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Net loss attributable to the Company"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(38,176&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001065"
      unitRef="Pure">0.50</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="AsOf2023-02-01_custom_BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001067"
      unitRef="Pure">0.40</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001069"
      unitRef="Pure">0.49</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001071">&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_z6QP6ZhhfoH4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Summarized
financial information of the joint venture and associate are set out below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BD_z1Lq1YdqCXdi" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of financial information of the joint venture and associate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BA_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_zOBkOhE3E0Kh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;BSSB&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B2_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zQ1aug1vknaj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Cuprina MENA&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zmMz5gLfJTW1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;S$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;S$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;S$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;As of December 31, 2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20221231_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_iI_ztBNCpNPQ2Dg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;Current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;22,743&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1074"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;22,743&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43E_c20221231_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iI_zwdOVrmblA76" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Current liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;6,670&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1078"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;6,670&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;For the year ended December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_439_c20220101__20221231_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_z0seWf1KlRc9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Net sales or gross revenue&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,370&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1082"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,370&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43B_c20220101__20221231_eus-gaap--GrossProfit_zed3A7e5RvG2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Gross profit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,532&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1086"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,532&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_438_c20220101__20221231_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_zixQG6IT9qw2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Net loss&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(14,690&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1090"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(14,690&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20220101__20221231_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_zcrU8zm6W79k" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Net loss attributable to the Company&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(7,345&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1094"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(7,345&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_z2oa719aZwld" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;BSSB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B2_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zMViUqS1xpI3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cuprina
    MENA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B3_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_z1XGgq4U08g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_434_c20231231_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_iI_zQpvVfNsVYic" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Current
    assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1097"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,580&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,580&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43C_c20231231_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iI_zhDUyOug2R83" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Current
    liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1101"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,274&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,274&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;For
    the year ended December 31, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43B_c20230101__20231231_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_z0kgRmITkaA5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Net
    loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(15,780&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(52,854&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(68,364&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43F_c20230101__20231231_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentRealizedGainLossOnDisposal_zqprdBCDB9r6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Net
    loss attributable to the Company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(7,890&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(25,898&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(33,788&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--BiotherapeuticSolutionsSdnBhdMember_zGATOCOk4Sd3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BC_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zwwaGQCO2PC3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zNwiPO8dZQPc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;BSSB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cuprina
    MENA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43E_c20241231_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_iI_zSrI11c75Kok" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Current
    assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1113"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;9,447&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;9,447&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zuRVBJQ8UEx3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;6,945&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_438_c20241231_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iI_zGOVSMSZ4bj3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Current
    liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1119"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;164,840&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;164,840&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JointVentureAndAssociateMember_zPTEK06xsjEa" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;121,179&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;For
    the year ended December 31, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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(&#x201c;ROU&#x201d;) assets nor lease liability was recorded for the lease with a lease term of one year or less.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89E_ecustom--ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock_z6Ig9Iu4QPKb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of December 31, 2024, the Company had the following non-cancellable operating lease contracts:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_znWF0ydD6nPk" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of non-cancellable operating lease contracts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Description
    of lease&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Lease
    term&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Office
    premise &#x2013; Block 1090&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--OfficePremiseOneMember_zNK58gJYCXm3"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Office
    premise &#x2013; Block 1092&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--OfficePremiseTwoMember_zkRq76OxEQp8" title="Operating lease term"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
    years &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p id="xdx_8AF_z69KHSWZwbr4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89B_ecustom--ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock_z1yaEGqXVYf3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(a)	&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_z7lszWtq3Gch"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_z4jNjE92UGVd" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20231231_zBZxsUKCb6C" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20241231_zyfklSEhBF" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-style: italic; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Operating
    lease&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iI_zkd6fhDGxWl6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Operating
    lease right-of-use assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;72,286&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;30,940&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zO8hmL1oz30a" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Operating lease right-of-use assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;22,745&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Operating
    lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_maOLLzWiS_zwbHYJGNhb62" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;43,458&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,812&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_z5zRljATXBkb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,327&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_maOLLzWiS_zWB0hsOq8K9b" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Non-current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,812&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1159"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zSY4DslfZ9Dc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Non-current"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1161"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_mtOLLzWiS_zIIv8yy5LEdi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    operating lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;79,270&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,812&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zrMD7eJqZhld" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total operating lease liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,327&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_znQsJhjOfByl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -14.15pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_z6FruXHcIvbe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(b)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;A summary of lease cost recognized in the Group&#x2019;s consolidated statements of operations is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_zOujx7cx6zzf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of lease cost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_494_20220101__20221231_zzVH9aM0A3ii"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230101__20231231_z6Lx88xTfIzi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20240101__20241231_zWDoZhzbRUoh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years
    Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-style: italic; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Operating
    lease cost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_zZWETquu2nn6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Operating
    lease expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right; width: 11%"&gt;32,043&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;46,402&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;44,185&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z1Dc3HFa5781" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;32,482&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-style: italic; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Finance
    lease cost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization_z39yKnYPpwig" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Amortization
    of right-of-use assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,560&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1176"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1177"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zsmAx9bvWKkh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1178"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--FinanceLeaseInterestExpense_zsl1kV4DNvug" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Interest
    of lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;175&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1181"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1182"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--FinanceLeaseInterestExpense_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zxb5nN4sUSNj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1183"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_zrCCVe8jIRw3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_893_ecustom--ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock_z6Uxksi8G2o9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(c)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zsuHR6cTG0U7" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of supplemental cash flow information related to leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_497_20220101__20221231_zP4pYWJs3Nie"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230101__20231231_zr9IzfUIsg8h" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20240101__20241231_zdx1Pmcg6Xzg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cash
    paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_z8CjldcTdIO6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cash
    flows from operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 11%"&gt;32,043&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;46,402&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;44,185&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zCOyBN4bdQCl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;32,482&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--FinanceLeasePayments_iI_zuhHxKAGbHA5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cash
    flows from finance lease&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;6,376&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1193"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1194"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--FinanceLeasePayments_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zwZI5a31QkV6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1195"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A7_zbMVVpwv14ni" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Lease
Commitment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_892_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zZMjmW6mj7Jc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Future
minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements as of December 31, 2024 were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_zjq2BB2II8P3" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Minimum
    lease payment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Twelve
    months ending December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_iI_maS1_c20241231_zP2Qb5yyGU28" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;36,421&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_iI_uUSD_maU1_c20241231_zrkLivZpz44b" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,775&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total
    future minimum lease payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_mtS1_c20241231_zj5r7Lt6hKGf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total future minimum lease payments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;36,421&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_uUSD_mtU1_c20241231_zf9m0ugov9Gj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total future minimum lease payments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,775&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Less
    imputed interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_di_c20241231_zMLKe84BF90g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less imputed interest"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(609&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zKjqT5x7M8Yh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less imputed interest"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(448&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Present
    value of operating lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_c20241231_zeGGF3kmNTNi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Present value of operating lease liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,812&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zWErtFB28s5h" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Present value of operating lease liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,327&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Less:
    current portion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iNI_di_c20241231_z1aN9Db0K5sl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: current portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(35,812&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_znGwz4x8RpJg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: current portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(26,327&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Long-term
    portion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_c20241231_zu1D5diDyAr4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1219"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zyq413xgWIK7" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1221"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A6_zhUvIKbP9G01" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_891_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease_zJsDU8cMUP88" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following summarizes other supplemental information about the Company&#x2019;s lease as of December 31:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_znlZV3RSTV7b" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of other supplemental information about lease&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted
    average discount rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Operating
    leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231231_zrStFG3rs6ec" title="Weighted average discount rate - operating leases"&gt;5.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231_z96JfGz13Zqh" title="Weighted average discount rate - operating leases"&gt;5.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted
    average remaining lease term&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Operating
    leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dc_c20231231_zGlVlMxWdaSd" title="Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases"&gt;1
                                            year 9 months&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtM_c20241231_zoaAM95kCUVl" title="Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;
                                            months&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A2_zMOovAA4dLu5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001139">P3Y</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract>
    <CUPR:ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001141">&lt;p id="xdx_89E_ecustom--ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock_z6Ig9Iu4QPKb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of December 31, 2024, the Company had the following non-cancellable operating lease contracts:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_znWF0ydD6nPk" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of non-cancellable operating lease contracts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Description
    of lease&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Lease
    term&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Office
    premise &#x2013; Block 1090&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--OfficePremiseOneMember_zNK58gJYCXm3"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Office
    premise &#x2013; Block 1092&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dtY_c20241231__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--OfficePremiseTwoMember_zkRq76OxEQp8" title="Operating lease term"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
    years &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
</CUPR:ScheduleOfNoncancellableOperatingLeaseContractsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_OfficePremiseOneMember"
      id="Fact001142">P3Y</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_OfficePremiseTwoMember"
      id="Fact001144">P3Y</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract>
    <CUPR:ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001146">&lt;p id="xdx_89B_ecustom--ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock_z1yaEGqXVYf3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(a)	&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_z7lszWtq3Gch"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_z4jNjE92UGVd" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20231231_zBZxsUKCb6C" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20241231_zyfklSEhBF" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-style: italic; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Operating
    lease&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iI_zkd6fhDGxWl6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Operating
    lease right-of-use assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;72,286&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;30,940&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zO8hmL1oz30a" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Operating lease right-of-use assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;22,745&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Operating
    lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_maOLLzWiS_zwbHYJGNhb62" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;43,458&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,812&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_z5zRljATXBkb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,327&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_maOLLzWiS_zWB0hsOq8K9b" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Non-current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,812&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1159"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zSY4DslfZ9Dc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Non-current"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1161"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_mtOLLzWiS_zIIv8yy5LEdi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    operating lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;79,270&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,812&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zrMD7eJqZhld" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total operating lease liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,327&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</CUPR:ScheduleOfAmountRecognizedTheConsolidatedBalanceSheetsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001148"
      unitRef="SGD">72286</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001149"
      unitRef="SGD">30940</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001151"
      unitRef="USD">22745</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001153"
      unitRef="SGD">43458</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001154"
      unitRef="SGD">35812</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001156"
      unitRef="USD">26327</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001158"
      unitRef="SGD">35812</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001163"
      unitRef="SGD">79270</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001164"
      unitRef="SGD">35812</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001166"
      unitRef="USD">26327</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001168">&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_z6FruXHcIvbe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(b)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;A summary of lease cost recognized in the Group&#x2019;s consolidated statements of operations is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_zOujx7cx6zzf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of lease cost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_494_20220101__20221231_zzVH9aM0A3ii"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230101__20231231_z6Lx88xTfIzi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20240101__20241231_zWDoZhzbRUoh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years
    Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-style: italic; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Operating
    lease cost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_zZWETquu2nn6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Operating
    lease expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right; width: 11%"&gt;32,043&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;46,402&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;44,185&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z1Dc3HFa5781" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;32,482&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-style: italic; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Finance
    lease cost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization_z39yKnYPpwig" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Amortization
    of right-of-use assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,560&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1176"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1177"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zsmAx9bvWKkh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1178"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--FinanceLeaseInterestExpense_zsl1kV4DNvug" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Interest
    of lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;175&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1181"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1182"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--FinanceLeaseInterestExpense_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zxb5nN4sUSNj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1183"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001170"
      unitRef="SGD">32043</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001171"
      unitRef="SGD">46402</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001172"
      unitRef="SGD">44185</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001173"
      unitRef="USD">32482</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001175"
      unitRef="SGD">4560</us-gaap:FinanceLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortization>
    <us-gaap:FinanceLeaseInterestExpense
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001180"
      unitRef="SGD">175</us-gaap:FinanceLeaseInterestExpense>
    <CUPR:ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001185">&lt;p id="xdx_893_ecustom--ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock_z6Uxksi8G2o9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(c)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zsuHR6cTG0U7" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of supplemental cash flow information related to leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_497_20220101__20221231_zP4pYWJs3Nie"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230101__20231231_zr9IzfUIsg8h" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20240101__20241231_zdx1Pmcg6Xzg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cash
    paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_z8CjldcTdIO6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cash
    flows from operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 11%"&gt;32,043&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;46,402&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;44,185&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zCOyBN4bdQCl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;32,482&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--FinanceLeasePayments_iI_zuhHxKAGbHA5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cash
    flows from finance lease&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;6,376&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1193"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1194"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--FinanceLeasePayments_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zwZI5a31QkV6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1195"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</CUPR:ScheduleofsupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001187"
      unitRef="SGD">32043</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001188"
      unitRef="SGD">46402</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001189"
      unitRef="SGD">44185</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001190"
      unitRef="USD">32482</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <CUPR:FinanceLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001192"
      unitRef="SGD">6376</CUPR:FinanceLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001197">&lt;p id="xdx_892_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zZMjmW6mj7Jc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Future
minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements as of December 31, 2024 were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_zjq2BB2II8P3" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Minimum
    lease payment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Twelve
    months ending December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_iI_maS1_c20241231_zP2Qb5yyGU28" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;36,421&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_iI_uUSD_maU1_c20241231_zrkLivZpz44b" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,775&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total
    future minimum lease payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_mtS1_c20241231_zj5r7Lt6hKGf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total future minimum lease payments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;36,421&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_uUSD_mtU1_c20241231_zf9m0ugov9Gj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total future minimum lease payments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,775&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Less
    imputed interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_di_c20241231_zMLKe84BF90g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less imputed interest"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(609&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zKjqT5x7M8Yh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less imputed interest"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(448&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Present
    value of operating lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_c20241231_zeGGF3kmNTNi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Present value of operating lease liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,812&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zWErtFB28s5h" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Present value of operating lease liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,327&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Less:
    current portion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iNI_di_c20241231_z1aN9Db0K5sl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: current portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(35,812&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_znGwz4x8RpJg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Less: current portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(26,327&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Long-term
    portion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_c20241231_zu1D5diDyAr4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1219"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zyq413xgWIK7" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1221"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001199"
      unitRef="SGD">36421</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001201"
      unitRef="USD">26775</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001203"
      unitRef="SGD">36421</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001205"
      unitRef="USD">26775</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001207"
      unitRef="SGD">609</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001209"
      unitRef="USD">448</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001211"
      unitRef="SGD">35812</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001213"
      unitRef="USD">26327</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001215"
      unitRef="SGD">35812</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001217"
      unitRef="USD">26327</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <CUPR:ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001223">&lt;p id="xdx_891_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease_zJsDU8cMUP88" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following summarizes other supplemental information about the Company&#x2019;s lease as of December 31:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_znlZV3RSTV7b" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of other supplemental information about lease&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted
    average discount rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Operating
    leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231231_zrStFG3rs6ec" title="Weighted average discount rate - operating leases"&gt;5.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231_z96JfGz13Zqh" title="Weighted average discount rate - operating leases"&gt;5.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted
    average remaining lease term&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Operating
    leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dc_c20231231_zGlVlMxWdaSd" title="Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases"&gt;1
                                            year 9 months&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtM_c20241231_zoaAM95kCUVl" title="Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;
                                            months&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</CUPR:ScheduleOfOtherSupplementalInformationAboutLease>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001225"
      unitRef="Pure">0.0525</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001227"
      unitRef="Pure">0.0525</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1 contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact001229">P1Y9M</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1 contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001231">P9M</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001233">&lt;p id="xdx_809_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock_zhFwUATWpdyh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;9&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_82D_zeuis6VW7eW9"&gt;Accruals and other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p id="xdx_89F_ecustom--AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zYDMMpy8fuYj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zsDS7Tvuaq5j" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of accruals and other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20231231_zWcxj9Ofhxng" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20241231_z9wu00Az0KPb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_maAPCzt6k_zqUqU6oGIqIj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Accruals&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;288&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;82&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zZ8hBYtQBbl4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Accruals"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;60&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableOtherCurrent_iI_maAPCzt6k_zG6j1MmSZxEb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Other
    payables&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;375,151&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;323,889&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableOtherCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zmd4k6G5H3z" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other payables"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;238,101&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_mtAPCzt6k_z57Okj4ty4V2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;375,439&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;323,971&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_z3pk7tpoJyWd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;238,161&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A6_zcE027bPRyf6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock>
    <CUPR:AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001235">&lt;p id="xdx_89F_ecustom--AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zYDMMpy8fuYj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zsDS7Tvuaq5j" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of accruals and other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20231231_zWcxj9Ofhxng" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20241231_z9wu00Az0KPb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As
    of December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_maAPCzt6k_zqUqU6oGIqIj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Accruals&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;288&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;82&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zZ8hBYtQBbl4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Accruals"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;60&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableOtherCurrent_iI_maAPCzt6k_zG6j1MmSZxEb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Other
    payables&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;375,151&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;323,889&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableOtherCurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zmd4k6G5H3z" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other payables"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;238,101&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_mtAPCzt6k_z57Okj4ty4V2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;375,439&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;323,971&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_z3pk7tpoJyWd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;238,161&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</CUPR:AccrualsAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001237"
      unitRef="SGD">288</us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001238"
      unitRef="SGD">82</us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001240"
      unitRef="USD">60</us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableOtherCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001242"
      unitRef="SGD">375151</us-gaap:AccountsPayableOtherCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableOtherCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001243"
      unitRef="SGD">323889</us-gaap:AccountsPayableOtherCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableOtherCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001245"
      unitRef="USD">238101</us-gaap:AccountsPayableOtherCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001247"
      unitRef="SGD">375439</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001248"
      unitRef="SGD">323971</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001250"
      unitRef="USD">238161</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001252">&lt;p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_zgAGIOLLb6W" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;10&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_822_z89xE7RDylZf"&gt;Equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ordinary
shares&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on September 22, 2023. The original authorized share capital of the Company
was US$&lt;span id="xdx_907_esrt--StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zYzSR8sknK1l" title="Authorized share capital"&gt;50,000&lt;/span&gt; divided into &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_zLPijaX3nkAe" title="Ordinary shares, shares authorized"&gt;25,000,000&lt;/span&gt; Class A Ordinary Shares and &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zdC2qdk3SLh" title="Ordinary shares, shares authorized"&gt;25,000,000&lt;/span&gt; Class B Ordinary Shares, par value US$&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_uUSDPShares_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_zQLaomGUcVUj" title="Ordinary shares, par value"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_uUSDPShares_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zTk3b1QC88Wa" title="Ordinary shares, par value"&gt;0.001&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; per share. Holders
of Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. Each holder of our
Class A Ordinary Share is entitled to one vote per share. Each holder of our Class B Ordinary Share is entitled to 10 votes per share.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company issued &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_zXwmAqDEHUR8" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_zZscoAbNBL06" title="Ordinary shares, shares outstanding"&gt;3,915,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Class A Ordinary Shares and &lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zgqa7eOGWfs4" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zehEMPVILtC2" title="Ordinary shares, shares outstanding"&gt;14,085,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Class B Ordinary Shares, which were outstanding as of December 31, 2023
and 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock>
    <srt:StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001254"
      unitRef="USD">50000</srt:StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001256"
      unitRef="Shares">25000000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001258"
      unitRef="Shares">25000000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001260"
      unitRef="USDPShares">0.001</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001262"
      unitRef="USDPShares">0.001</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001264"
      unitRef="Shares">3915000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001266"
      unitRef="Shares">3915000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001268"
      unitRef="Shares">14085000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001270"
      unitRef="Shares">14085000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001272">&lt;p id="xdx_801_eus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_zCNczhrsNxTi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;11&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_824_zVpHljgERqpc"&gt;Related party transactions and balances&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_899_ecustom--ScheduleOfMajorRelatedPartiesAndTheirRelationshipsWithTheCompany_zqp3afNxoQA5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_ziR43lmZvOzh" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of major related parties and their relationships with the company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name
    of related parties&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Relationship
    with the Company&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    Farm Sdn. Bhd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_z0pwWKm2cnTc" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_z1URS5F4bnc4" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Related
    Company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    Pollination Pte. Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_zLBkFMoIdCNb" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_zcxFB75naHBe" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Related
    Company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Pestoniks
    Innovations Pte. Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_zzOZLnhg0t51" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_z6lY6srrEkaa" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Related
    Company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    MENA Co., Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zX8OAVZOXs27" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zMXxHcJSRuQb" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Associate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    Holding Pte. Ltd. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_zym0x2pwvive" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_zxxrBWOP69bi" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Jimmy
    Lee Peng Siew&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zpBq0ZgMKO4i" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zFOhoKOnVas5" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Baptista
    Carl Marc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember_zYY6bnosUcH3" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember_z4AmWnp2o5ba" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;David
    Quek Yong Qi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_zVv2jHqzLPR2" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_z106c3DY1Apf" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Bryan
    Teo Yingjie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zJUkF7W9bJbf" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zWJMj3CepeFd" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rachel
    Lee Lin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zwwZB3jZWy21" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zS8RGm0qAfQe" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Dorea
    Quek En Qi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_z6FD9fRjdc5j" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zw5ZQ2Sxoi7l" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;De
    Guzman Caroline Francesca Lee Ling&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zBg4bH4Ex9B" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zqi0O959p9Sk" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Teo
    Peng Kwang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zhZbu2ostws" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zf2nncnJF9R5" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;iCapital
    Holdings (SG) Pte. Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zVDbKsdcENUf" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zQiCaDsh6nu8" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Ng
    Bee Poh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NgBeePohMember_zgo2e6EKZTg3" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NgBeePohMember_zSTGbP81t0Wf" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Immediate
    family member of a shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p id="xdx_8AD_zE9fN7wmfbj7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Amount
due from related companies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company gave advances to Cuprina Pollination Pte. Ltd. for working capital purposes. The receivable balance due from Cuprina Pollination
Pte. Ltd. were S$&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_z3tandl4wwsi" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;96,971&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_zjFX4WcOULBa" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;14,521&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_zRAq3mkqu6Wg" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;10,675&lt;/span&gt;) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest free, unsecured,
and due on demand without an agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company gave advances to Pestoniks Innovations Pte. Ltd. for working capital purposes. The receivable balance due from Pestoniks Innovations
Pte. Ltd. were S$&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_zOdUjQyuFFDl" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;61,170&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_zvUJ7uVxAw43" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;61,170&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_zxNvALRCWo0a" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;44,968&lt;/span&gt;) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest free, unsecured,
and due on demand without an agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Amount
due from an associate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company gave advances to Cuprina MENA Co., Ltd. for working capital purposes. The receivable balance due from Cuprina MENA Co., Ltd.
was S$&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zRgjNAljJCz5" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;92,298&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_z1MQEca6M5ge" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;67,851&lt;/span&gt;) as of December 31, 2024. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Amount
due from shareholders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
receivable balances due from Bryan Teo Yingjie were S$&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zg0eUwY823V3" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;605&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_z2CYWqCPXru3" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;605&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_z2Xi5vy5iKza" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;445&lt;/span&gt;) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, and related
to the outstanding share subscription with regards to the &lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zV56lF4yAlIj" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"&gt;450&lt;/span&gt; ordinary shares issued with &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zoXTXtLaCYEd" title="Ordinary shares, par value"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt; par value in Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited
prior to the Reorganization. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
receivable balances due from Rachel Lee Lin were S$&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zISAkAfOWMn1" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;605&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zhgP54Fol295" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;605&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zUzDAo7LnNNb" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;445&lt;/span&gt;) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, and related
to the outstanding share subscription with regards to the &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zFnyTVmvRV1i" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"&gt;450&lt;/span&gt; ordinary shares issued with &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_znq3IJKstf5i" title="Ordinary shares, par value"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt; par value in Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited
prior to the Reorganization. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
receivable balances due from Dorea Quek En Qi were S$&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_ztsy7UM61uOk" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;605&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zOzH0YXpKyn5" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;605&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zKx7OH4oI5hb" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;445&lt;/span&gt;) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, and related
to the outstanding share subscription with regards to the &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_z56uLncJhbyj" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"&gt;450&lt;/span&gt; ordinary shares issued with &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zZSyPV89vQQg" title="Ordinary shares, par value"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt; par value in Cuprina Holdings (BVI) Limited
prior to the Reorganization. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
receivable balances due from De Guzman Caroline Francesca Lee Ling were S$&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zNtDtIyXXN3c" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;605&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_z1nHyqF07J6h" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;605&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zuRh4NZ1W5y2" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;445&lt;/span&gt;) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively,
and related to the outstanding share subscription with regards to the &lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zAER9EcdotDj" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"&gt;450&lt;/span&gt; ordinary shares issued with &lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zDIuNaouv5W7" title="Ordinary shares, par value"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt; par value in Cuprina Holdings
(BVI) Limited prior to the Reorganization. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
receivable balances due from iCapital Holdings (SG) Pte. Ltd. were S$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zTgpOU4wAtxb" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;505&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zCCvJf5DIq6g" title="Amount from due receivables balance"&gt;505&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherReceivables_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zJtxomysZdud" title="Amount due from receivables balance"&gt;371&lt;/span&gt;) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively,
and related to the outstanding share subscription with regards to the &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zO0KHekm8YEi" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"&gt;375&lt;/span&gt; ordinary shares issued with &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zCmliSeWeO25" title="Ordinary shares, par value"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt; par value in Cuprina Holdings
(BVI) Limited prior to the Reorganization. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Amount
due to related company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
payable balance due to Cuprina Farm Sdn. Bhd, was S$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_zctgnpPcBTq1" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;4,134&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_zwlWq1Swk3lk" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;4,134&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_zbW4mL8l3oQ1" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;3,039&lt;/span&gt;) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, and
related to the over-settlement for the receivable balance due from Cuprina Farm Sdn. Bhd. previously. This was due to the strengthening
of the Malaysian Ringgit (&#x201c;MYR&#x201d;) relative to the Singapore Dollar (&#x201c;SGD&#x201d;) as the balances was denominated in
MYR. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Amount
due to associate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
payable balance due to Cuprina MENA Co., Ltd was S$&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zoL6NfLmvF8" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;25,898&lt;/span&gt; as of December 31, 2023, and related to the outstanding share subscription
with regard to the &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zWJ4TD1lb005" title="Ordinary shares, shares issued"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zuYBYFRbpHN1" title="Ordinary shares, shares outstanding"&gt;49,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; ordinary shares issued in Cuprina MENA Co., Ltd. and sharing for outstanding working capital as of December
31, 2023. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Amount
due to shareholders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Our
shareholder, Cuprina Holding Pte. Ltd. gave advances to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to Cuprina
Holding Pte. Ltd. was S$&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_zLploRkRciUl" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;2,931,765&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_zsVBusT1LZxk" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;2,931,765&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_ztjFSYMsYNRe" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;2,155,234&lt;/span&gt;) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest
free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;One
of the ultimate individual shareholders, Jimmy Lee Peng Siew gave advances to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balances
due to Jimmy Lee Peng Siew were S$&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zwlMkAuCmmu" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;986,860&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zVu7C2XVTGLi" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;1,451,629&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zNS8mR2Em0sj" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;1,067,139&lt;/span&gt;) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Out of the total
payable balances, S$&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20250630__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zCrP2PzJBWC7" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;986,860&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20250630__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z5iczpR0yQfl" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;725,472&lt;/span&gt;) is unsecured, due by June 30, 2025 or upon completion of IPO, whichever is earlier, and carries
an interest of 6.0%. The remaining balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;David
Quek Yong Qi gave an advance to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to David Quek Yong Qi were S$&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_z3dqzDDLtK1j" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;18,596&lt;/span&gt;
and S$&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_zkZVoSOuX3dc" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;237,618&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_zO0RHreEr3tc" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;174,681&lt;/span&gt;) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand
without an agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Bryan
Teo Yingjie gave an advance to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to Bryan Teo Yingjie were S$&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_ziVdmUy1ERh4" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;7,997&lt;/span&gt; and
S$&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_z2ta7DwiLoHf" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;105,979&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zMv45xCs93x6" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;77,909&lt;/span&gt;) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without
an agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rachel
Lee Lin gave an advance to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to Rachel Lee Lin were S$&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_z4IuuF5Owwz" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;10,476&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zoFLLJtwfP59" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;67,654&lt;/span&gt;
(US$&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RachelLeeLinMember_zhLFoetwJqR5" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;49,735&lt;/span&gt;) as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Dorea
Quek En Qi gave an advance to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to Dorea Quek En Qi was S$&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zhf6Z2q2kEB6" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;6,395&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DoreaQuekEnQiMember_zURwpzrlPWd1" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;4,701&lt;/span&gt;)
as of December 31, 2024. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Teo
Peng Kwang gave an advance to the Company for working capital purposes. The payable balance due to Teo Peng Kwang was S$&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zQ6Q89iyEvF5" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;620,822&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zTlTYx4vpfQa" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;456,386&lt;/span&gt;)
as of December 31, 2024. Such balance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Ng
Bee Poh, an immediate family member for one of the shareholders, David Quek Yong Qi gave an advance to the Company for working capital
purposes. The payable balance due to Ng Bee Poh was S$&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NgBeePohMember_zC67gRQoswR6" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;200,000&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilities_iI_uUSD_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NgBeePohMember_z5AntDf4Xalc" title="Amount due to payable balance"&gt;147,026&lt;/span&gt;) as of December 31, 2024. Such balance is interest free, unsecured,
and due on demand without an agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <CUPR:ScheduleOfMajorRelatedPartiesAndTheirRelationshipsWithTheCompany contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001274">&lt;p id="xdx_899_ecustom--ScheduleOfMajorRelatedPartiesAndTheirRelationshipsWithTheCompany_zqp3afNxoQA5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_ziR43lmZvOzh" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of major related parties and their relationships with the company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name
    of related parties&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Relationship
    with the Company&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    Farm Sdn. Bhd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_z0pwWKm2cnTc" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaFarmSdnBhdMember_z1URS5F4bnc4" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Related
    Company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    Pollination Pte. Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_zLBkFMoIdCNb" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaPollinationPteLtdMember_zcxFB75naHBe" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Related
    Company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Pestoniks
    Innovations Pte. Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_zzOZLnhg0t51" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--PestoniksInnovationsPteLtdMember_z6lY6srrEkaa" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Related
    Company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    MENA Co., Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zX8OAVZOXs27" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaMenaCoLtdMember_zMXxHcJSRuQb" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Associate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
    Holding Pte. Ltd. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_zym0x2pwvive" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--CuprinaHoldingPteLtdMember_zxxrBWOP69bi" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Jimmy
    Lee Peng Siew&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zpBq0ZgMKO4i" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JimmyLeePengSiewMember_zFOhoKOnVas5" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Baptista
    Carl Marc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember_zYY6bnosUcH3" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember_z4AmWnp2o5ba" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;David
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_zVv2jHqzLPR2" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DavidQuekYongQiMember_z106c3DY1Apf" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Bryan
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zJUkF7W9bJbf" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BryanTeoYingjieMember_zWJMj3CepeFd" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rachel
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Dorea
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;De
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zBg4bH4Ex9B" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--DeGuzmanCarolineFrancescaLeeLingMember_zqi0O959p9Sk" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Teo
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zhZbu2ostws" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember_zf2nncnJF9R5" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;iCapital
    Holdings (SG) Pte. Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zVDbKsdcENUf" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IcapitalHoldingsSgPteLtdMember_zQiCaDsh6nu8" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Ng
    Bee Poh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NgBeePohMember_zgo2e6EKZTg3" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--NatureOfCommonOwnershipOrManagementControlRelationships_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NgBeePohMember_zSTGbP81t0Wf" title="Relationships with the company"&gt;Immediate
    family member of a shareholder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
</CUPR:ScheduleOfMajorRelatedPartiesAndTheirRelationshipsWithTheCompany>
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    <us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001460">&lt;p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zJbBFhsKj1Lh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;12&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_82A_zZ3KCdsDeXxj"&gt;Bank
  loans&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has a &lt;b style="display: none"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240101__20241231_zP9tlLaQ1kc3" title="Debt instrument term"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt; five-year S$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--UnsecuredDebt_iI_c20241231_zP2HGalNCJsb" title="Unsecured debt"&gt;100,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;unsecured
fixed rate bank loan which expires in &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231_zAgbDo4orOQ3" title="Debt instrument maturity date"&gt;January
2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;. The bank loan carries an interest rate
of &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231_zxGfPsTXuqve" title="Interest rate"&gt;2.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%
per annum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
November 2024, the Company has secured another &lt;b style="display: none"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20241101__20241130_zCWCnpsMCuLj" title="Debt instrument term"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt; five-year S$&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--UnsecuredDebt_iI_c20241130_zYXvV6t8GhW4" title="Unsecured debt"&gt;200,000&lt;/span&gt; unsecured fixed rate bank loan which expires in &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20241101__20241130_zYDIBvpJZ8o6" title="Debt instrument maturity date"&gt;November
2029&lt;/span&gt;. The bank loan carries an interest rate of &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease_pid_dp_uPure_c20241101__20241130_zFcZFx4a67U3" title="Interest rate"&gt;8.0&lt;/span&gt;% per annum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
December 31, 2023 and 2024, the carrying amount of the bank loans were S$&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount_iI_c20231231_zgI04UBlp303" title="Bank loan carrying amount"&gt;42,550&lt;/span&gt;
and S$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount_iI_c20241231_zH2i2FGeAvc1" title="Bank loan carrying amount"&gt;218,978&lt;/span&gt;
(US$&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zH1T8pZ4n5U8" title="Bank loan carrying amount"&gt;160,978&lt;/span&gt;),
respectively. &lt;span style="background-color: white"&gt;Interest expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024 are
S$&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20220101__20221231_zJDR1gkOvGBl" title="Interest expenses"&gt;1,842&lt;/span&gt;, S$&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20230101__20231231_zT1VkMkwKZZ7" title="Interest expenses"&gt;727&lt;/span&gt; and
S$&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20240101__20241231_zXYcGjh7Y4Hh" title="Interest expenses"&gt;1,783&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zwoWSpHBI4ph" title="Interest expenses"&gt;1,311&lt;/span&gt;),
respectively. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLongTermDebtTableTextBlock_z1N4ge4m11p" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"&gt;The
maturities schedule is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_zmpZWHlStuS" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of maturities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 85%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Maturities
    schedule&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;Year
    ending December 31,&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_iI_macxiv_c20241231_z6lP4hOtx1z2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;55,250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zyphr5bok1o6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;40,616&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zp5sV4EVolpl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2026"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;37,556&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zh0VeLyM3Mk5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2026"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;27,609&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2027&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zaKvvWiDzNT4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2027"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;40,022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zig4O6fVqCAi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2027"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;29,421&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zva6XrAfjrM" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2028"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;43,344&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zC8DALpF3Hoh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2028"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;31,864&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2029&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zP3uWLOn6Sg8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2029"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;42,806&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zuG7ZpsS1j1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2029"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;31,468&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iTI_mtcxiv_c20241231_z8CzofeNluhc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;218,978&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iTI_uUSD_mtcxiv_c20241231_zEIOlKOGzUzc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;160,978&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Less:
    current portion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_c20241231_zlVKjEkoxwXd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(55,250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zK3rTOh1diDi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(40,616&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Long-term
    portion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtNoncurrent_iI_c20241231_zVEig9Kr8YW7" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;163,728&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtNoncurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zkdiYQK4lHY2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;120,362&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_zXvDczPIJer5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001462">P5Y</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <us-gaap:UnsecuredDebt
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001464"
      unitRef="SGD">100000</us-gaap:UnsecuredDebt>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001466">January
2026</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001468"
      unitRef="Pure">0.025</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm contextRef="From2024-11-012024-11-30" id="Fact001470">P5Y</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <us-gaap:UnsecuredDebt
      contextRef="AsOf2024-11-30"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001472"
      unitRef="SGD">200000</us-gaap:UnsecuredDebt>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription contextRef="From2024-11-012024-11-30" id="Fact001474">November
2029</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease
      contextRef="From2024-11-012024-11-30"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001476"
      unitRef="Pure">0.080</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateIncreaseDecrease>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001478"
      unitRef="SGD">42550</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001480"
      unitRef="SGD">218978</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001482"
      unitRef="USD">160978</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentCollateralAmount>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpense
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001484"
      unitRef="SGD">1842</us-gaap:InterestExpense>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpense
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001486"
      unitRef="SGD">727</us-gaap:InterestExpense>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpense
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001488"
      unitRef="SGD">1783</us-gaap:InterestExpense>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpense
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001490"
      unitRef="USD">1311</us-gaap:InterestExpense>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLongTermDebtTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001492">&lt;p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLongTermDebtTableTextBlock_z1N4ge4m11p" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"&gt;The
maturities schedule is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_zmpZWHlStuS" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of maturities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 85%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Maturities
    schedule&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;US$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;Year
    ending December 31,&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_iI_macxiv_c20241231_z6lP4hOtx1z2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;55,250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zyphr5bok1o6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="2025"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;40,616&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zp5sV4EVolpl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2026"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;37,556&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zh0VeLyM3Mk5" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2026"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;27,609&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2027&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zaKvvWiDzNT4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2027"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;40,022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zig4O6fVqCAi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2027"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;29,421&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zva6XrAfjrM" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2028"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;43,344&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zC8DALpF3Hoh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2028"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;31,864&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2029&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive_iI_macxiv_c20241231_zP3uWLOn6Sg8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2029"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;42,806&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive_iI_uUSD_macxiv_c20241231_zuG7ZpsS1j1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="2029"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;31,468&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iTI_mtcxiv_c20241231_z8CzofeNluhc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;218,978&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iTI_uUSD_mtcxiv_c20241231_zEIOlKOGzUzc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;160,978&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Less:
    current portion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_c20241231_zlVKjEkoxwXd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(55,250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zK3rTOh1diDi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(40,616&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Long-term
    portion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtNoncurrent_iI_c20241231_zVEig9Kr8YW7" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;163,728&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtNoncurrent_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zkdiYQK4lHY2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Long-term portion"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;120,362&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLongTermDebtTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
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      unitRef="SGD">55250</us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001496"
      unitRef="USD">40616</us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001498"
      unitRef="SGD">37556</us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001500"
      unitRef="USD">27609</us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001502"
      unitRef="SGD">40022</us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001504"
      unitRef="USD">29421</us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001506"
      unitRef="SGD">43344</us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001508"
      unitRef="USD">31864</us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001510"
      unitRef="SGD">42806</us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001512"
      unitRef="USD">31468</us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFive>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebt
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001514"
      unitRef="SGD">218978</us-gaap:LongTermDebt>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebt
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001516"
      unitRef="USD">160978</us-gaap:LongTermDebt>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001518"
      unitRef="SGD">55250</us-gaap:LongTermDebtCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001520"
      unitRef="USD">40616</us-gaap:LongTermDebtCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001522"
      unitRef="SGD">163728</us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001524"
      unitRef="USD">120362</us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001526">&lt;p id="xdx_807_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_zj0SSrdLCNn6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;13&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_824_zju551J4DSch"&gt;Income
  taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Cayman
Islands and BVIs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company and its subsidiaries are domiciled in the Cayman Islands and British Virgin Islands. The locality currently enjoys permanent
income tax holidays; accordingly, the Company does not accrue for income taxes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Singapore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
Pte. Ltd. is incorporated in Singapore and is subject to Singapore Corporate Tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial
statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Singapore tax laws. The applicable tax rate is &lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember_z1BmK0JNplTj" title="Statutory income tax rate"&gt;17&lt;/span&gt;% in Singapore, with &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zPrzzw9xPDb3" title="Statutory income tax rate"&gt;75&lt;/span&gt;% of the first
S$&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate_uSGD_c20240101__20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember_zf9eH1lzR7i" title="Profit tax rates"&gt;10,000&lt;/span&gt; taxable income and &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zqtNeVjZun6h" title="Statutory income tax rate"&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;% of the next S$&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate_uSGD_c20240101__20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueSingaporeIRASMember_zUJLsTZY3tC1" title="Profit tax rates"&gt;190,000&lt;/span&gt; taxable income exempted from income tax.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Malaysia
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cuprina
Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., the subsidiary, is subject to Malaysia Corporate tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial
statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Malaysia tax laws. The standard corporate income tax rate in Malaysia is &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY_zZWWnltGC06h" title="Statutory income tax rate"&gt;24&lt;/span&gt;%. However,
as the subsidiary fulfilled conditions where it has paid-up capital of MYR &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_pn5n6_uMYR_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY_zjvsR9Xq4N62" title="Paid-up capital"&gt;2.5&lt;/span&gt; million or less, and gross income from business operations
is not more than MYR &lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationDispositionOfBusiness_pn6n6_uMYR_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY_zhYLgxVaMG39" title="Business operations"&gt;50 &lt;/span&gt;million, the tax rate is &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_z57KNaZkvlEi" title="Statutory income tax rate"&gt;17&lt;/span&gt;% on the first MYR &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate_uMYR_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY_zx9PIYlbG5N2" title="Profit tax rates"&gt;600,000&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zzOsgKEoaxK9" title="Statutory income tax rate"&gt;24&lt;/span&gt;% on amount exceeding MYR &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInEnactedTaxRate_uMYR_c20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--MY_zfjTPBPB6jA" title="Profit tax rates"&gt;600,000&lt;/span&gt;. The subsidiary
has no operating profit or tax liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Hong
Kong&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s subsidiary, Cuprina Hong Kong Limited, is considered a Hong Kong tax resident enterprise under Hong Kong tax laws; accordingly,
it is subject to enterprise income tax on its taxable income as determined under Hong Kong tax laws and accounting standards at a statutory
tax rate of&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InlandRevenueHongKongMember_zZP8bMe7zyMf" title="Statutory income tax rate"&gt; 16.5&lt;/span&gt;%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;China,
PRC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s subsidiary, Cuprina (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., is considered a China tax resident enterprise under China tax
laws; accordingly, it is subject to enterprise income tax on its taxable income as determined under China tax laws and accounting
standards at a statutory tax rate of &lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--StateAdministrationOfTaxationChinaMember_zhVhxTT7O55l" title="Statutory income tax rate"&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;%.
The subsidiary has no operating profit or tax liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;United
States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s subsidiary, Cuprina United States Inc., is domiciled in the United States; accordingly, it is subject to corporate
income tax on its taxable income as determined under United States tax laws at a federal tax rate of &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember_z9sZHl2LfvEk" title="Statutory income tax rate"&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;%
and state tax rate range from &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zZJTSIyep4n6" title="Statutory income tax rate"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;%
to &lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__us-gaap--InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zdGaGeOLUCQ7" title="Statutory income tax rate"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;%.
The subsidiary has no operating profit or tax liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_zvpmLq1ODSDd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Significant
components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zIy26khAx1gi" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of significant
components of the provision for income taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Income
    tax expense is comprised of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 11%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20220101__20221231_zTiaTcb3nLW" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1563"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20230101__20231231_zXTusR9gTxA" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1564"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20240101__20241231_zuOFgNwd58ni" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1565"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z4amMXYpSY7a" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1566"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Deferred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20220101__20221231_zeAH9DSGIla" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1567"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20230101__20231231_zH9sXUlyiDv1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1568"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20240101__20241231_zSMKyyMMgvyf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1569"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zfbmIK3XMRE7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1570"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total
    income tax expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20220101__20221231_zLvWuB1NlVOd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1571"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20230101__20231231_zMBSe4CaTHTk" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1572"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20240101__20241231_zoEbzS0c6iLb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1573"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zS5sdbjpiEia" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1574"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A3_zLp34RTkaacd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zLJAUtyro0T4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;A
reconciliation between of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zyIcypoTDQ94" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of reconciliation between of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Loss
    before tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_c20220101__20221231_zOYKlYxPajO3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right; width: 11%" title="Loss before tax"&gt;(1,087,171&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_c20230101__20231231_zDZZxxDsR4Ii" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1,085,767&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_c20240101__20241231_z5HP8dCDPJZg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1,508,604&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zf6qqyaSrZu4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1,109,023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Statutory
    tax rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20220101__20221231_z3EAU1Wt5pWa" style="text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;(17.1&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;)%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20230101__20231231_zCQNDYwRN3Vi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(16.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zhf9vIbY9iuc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(16.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zXupXW8VLdWe" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(16.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Reconciling
    items:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Non-deductible
    expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20220101__20221231_zPFQ65uwJKs1" style="text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;0.6&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20230101__20231231_z74hniSwroHi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_z6Ci3gRw8RN7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zLMUpAmBS961" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Income
    not subject to tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20220101__20221231_zi81AX26qQZc" style="text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;(0.8&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;)%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20230101__20231231_zH3hybo96Va4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(0.8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zxJmyT241T7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zPyLy09dPgLd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Deferred
    tax assets on temporary differences not recognized&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mswerd_c20220101__20221231_zGRfFlyt077d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;17.3&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mswerd_c20230101__20231231_zffUvLBwtXSf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;16.8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mswerd_c20240101__20241231_zlAK0KIZopJ2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;18.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_mswerd_c20240101__20241231_zr69dLzbAKN4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;18.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Effective
    tax rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_uPure_mtwerd_c20220101__20221231_zwbsEf2T9T02" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1618"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_uPure_mtwerd_c20230101__20231231_z1vp83VQvbV6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1620"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_uPure_mtwerd_c20240101__20241231_z8b3riwSXWV4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1622"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_mtwerd_c20240101__20241231_zLeKgk7R8Alc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1624"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p id="xdx_8AA_zbVDezcBnTN6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Deferred
tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zMSWR09NWPr3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Significant
components of deferred tax were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_z2HMRKd2N2Id" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of deferred tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20231231_zU3l5jju0sJf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20241231_zbpChjh6ViBd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Years
    Ended December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_zjbfFFAUQS0i" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Net
    operating loss carried forward&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;3,000,518&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;4,561,053&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zIDIKh4RsLH4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Net operating loss carried forward"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;3,352,976&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetGross_iI_maDTANzyQX_zpL9fli3xOZ1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Deferred
    tax assets, gross&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;501,239&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;753,680&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zuuTYRgttkBh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Deferred tax assets, gross"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;554,054&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_msDTANzyQX_zw8XsMl5JIj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Valuation
    allowance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(501,239&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(753,680&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zVa4sHw1cUN1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Valuation allowance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(554,054&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsNet_iTI_mtDTANzyQX_zJ7uDBNN9vii" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Deferred
    tax assets, net of valuation allowance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1643"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1644"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsNet_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zVpHDYa30ldb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1646"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A6_zyoYskc2Qe6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Deferred
tax assets are recognized in the consolidated financial statements only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits
will be available against which the Company can utilize the benefits. The use of these tax losses is subject to the agreement of the
tax authorities and compliance with certain provisions of the tax legislations of the respective countries in which the group companies
operate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
deferred tax assets not recognized as of December 31, 2023 and 2024 was S$&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iI_c20231231_zkY58fdz4mSf" title="Valuation allowance"&gt;501,239&lt;/span&gt; and S$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iI_c20241231_zKbgLZWDdGU5" title="Valuation allowance"&gt;753,680&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zMEA4jcVJsbh" title="Valuation allowance"&gt;554,054&lt;/span&gt;) respectively. The deferred
tax assets not recognized were primarily related to the Company&#x2019;s net loss (tax losses) carryforwards, in the judgment of management,
are not more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is
more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax
assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock>
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      id="Fact001548"
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      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001556"
      unitRef="Pure">0.21</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember_srt_MinimumMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001558"
      unitRef="Pure">0.01</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_InternalRevenueServiceIRSMember_srt_MaximumMember"
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      id="Fact001560"
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    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001562">&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_zvpmLq1ODSDd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Significant
components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zIy26khAx1gi" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of significant
components of the provision for income taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Income
    tax expense is comprised of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 11%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20220101__20221231_zTiaTcb3nLW" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1563"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20230101__20231231_zXTusR9gTxA" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1564"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20240101__20241231_zuOFgNwd58ni" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1565"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_z4amMXYpSY7a" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1566"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Deferred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20220101__20221231_zeAH9DSGIla" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1567"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20230101__20231231_zH9sXUlyiDv1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1568"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20240101__20241231_zSMKyyMMgvyf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1569"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zfbmIK3XMRE7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1570"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total
    income tax expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20220101__20221231_zLvWuB1NlVOd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1571"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20230101__20231231_zMBSe4CaTHTk" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1572"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_c20240101__20241231_zoEbzS0c6iLb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1573"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zS5sdbjpiEia" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1574"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001576">&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zLJAUtyro0T4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;A
reconciliation between of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zyIcypoTDQ94" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of reconciliation between of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Loss
    before tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_c20220101__20221231_zOYKlYxPajO3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right; width: 11%" title="Loss before tax"&gt;(1,087,171&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_c20230101__20231231_zDZZxxDsR4Ii" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1,085,767&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_c20240101__20241231_z5HP8dCDPJZg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1,508,604&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zf6qqyaSrZu4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1,109,023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Statutory
    tax rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20220101__20221231_z3EAU1Wt5pWa" style="text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;(17.1&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;)%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20230101__20231231_zCQNDYwRN3Vi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(16.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zhf9vIbY9iuc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(16.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zXupXW8VLdWe" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(16.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Reconciling
    items:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Non-deductible
    expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20220101__20221231_zPFQ65uwJKs1" style="text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;0.6&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20230101__20231231_z74hniSwroHi" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_z6Ci3gRw8RN7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zLMUpAmBS961" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Income
    not subject to tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20220101__20221231_zi81AX26qQZc" style="text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;(0.8&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;)%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20230101__20231231_zH3hybo96Va4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(0.8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zxJmyT241T7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_mawerd_c20240101__20241231_zPyLy09dPgLd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Deferred
    tax assets on temporary differences not recognized&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mswerd_c20220101__20221231_zGRfFlyt077d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;17.3&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mswerd_c20230101__20231231_zffUvLBwtXSf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;16.8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_mswerd_c20240101__20241231_zlAK0KIZopJ2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;18.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments_iN_pid_dpi_mswerd_c20240101__20241231_zr69dLzbAKN4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;18.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Effective
    tax rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_uPure_mtwerd_c20220101__20221231_zwbsEf2T9T02" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1618"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_uPure_mtwerd_c20230101__20231231_z1vp83VQvbV6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1620"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_uPure_mtwerd_c20240101__20241231_z8b3riwSXWV4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1622"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_mtwerd_c20240101__20241231_zLeKgk7R8Alc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Loss before tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1624"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


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    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
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      id="Fact001578"
      unitRef="SGD">-1087171</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001580"
      unitRef="SGD">-1085767</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
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      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001582"
      unitRef="SGD">-1508604</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001584"
      unitRef="USD">-1109023</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001586"
      unitRef="Pure">0.171</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001588"
      unitRef="Pure">0.167</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001590"
      unitRef="Pure">0.167</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001592"
      unitRef="Pure">0.167</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
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      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001594"
      unitRef="Pure">-0.006</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001596"
      unitRef="Pure">-0.007</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001598"
      unitRef="Pure">-0.005</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001600"
      unitRef="Pure">-0.005</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001602"
      unitRef="Pure">0.008</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001604"
      unitRef="Pure">0.008</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001606"
      unitRef="Pure">0.019</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001608"
      unitRef="Pure">0.019</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments>
    <CUPR:EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001610"
      unitRef="Pure">-0.173</CUPR:EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments>
    <CUPR:EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001612"
      unitRef="Pure">-0.168</CUPR:EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments>
    <CUPR:EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001614"
      unitRef="Pure">-0.181</CUPR:EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments>
    <CUPR:EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001616"
      unitRef="Pure">-0.181</CUPR:EffectiveIncomeTaxReconciliationTemporaryTaxAdjustments>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001626">&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zMSWR09NWPr3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Significant
components of deferred tax were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_z2HMRKd2N2Id" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of deferred tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20231231_zU3l5jju0sJf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20241231_zbpChjh6ViBd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Years
    Ended December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_zjbfFFAUQS0i" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Net
    operating loss carried forward&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;3,000,518&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;4,561,053&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zIDIKh4RsLH4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Net operating loss carried forward"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;3,352,976&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetGross_iI_maDTANzyQX_zpL9fli3xOZ1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Deferred
    tax assets, gross&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;501,239&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;753,680&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetGross_iI_uUSD_c20241231_zuuTYRgttkBh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Deferred tax assets, gross"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;554,054&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_msDTANzyQX_zw8XsMl5JIj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Valuation
    allowance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(501,239&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(753,680&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_uUSD_c20241231_zVa4sHw1cUN1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Valuation allowance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(554,054&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsNet_iTI_mtDTANzyQX_zJ7uDBNN9vii" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Deferred
    tax assets, net of valuation allowance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1643"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1644"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsNet_iTI_uUSD_c20241231_zVpHDYa30ldb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1646"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001628"
      unitRef="SGD">3000518</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001629"
      unitRef="SGD">4561053</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001631"
      unitRef="USD">3352976</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <CUPR:DeferredTaxAssetGross
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001633"
      unitRef="SGD">501239</CUPR:DeferredTaxAssetGross>
    <CUPR:DeferredTaxAssetGross
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001634"
      unitRef="SGD">753680</CUPR:DeferredTaxAssetGross>
    <CUPR:DeferredTaxAssetGross
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001636"
      unitRef="USD">554054</CUPR:DeferredTaxAssetGross>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001638"
      unitRef="SGD">501239</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001639"
      unitRef="SGD">753680</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001641"
      unitRef="USD">554054</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001648"
      unitRef="SGD">501239</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001650"
      unitRef="SGD">753680</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001652"
      unitRef="USD">554054</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001654">&lt;p id="xdx_804_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock_z3hG2saIhPld" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;14&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_82B_z0ho2MvytgK9"&gt;Other
  income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p id="xdx_896_ecustom--OtherExpenseTableTextBlock_zd59ysm6nggg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zTPS907XFQ14" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of other income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Government
    grants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_zewO5HrZPtke" style="text-align: right; width: 11%" title="Government grants"&gt;51,069&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_zKfIbTg05Jcl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Government grants"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;36,086&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_z2LUfh9G4qha" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Government grants"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;163,846&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_uUSD_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zZmTdbVlXAP4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Government grants"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;120,448&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cash
    /fund transfer rebates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_zotUijDsN5E2" style="text-align: right" title="Cash fund transfer rebates"&gt;88&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_zo4Im9Wu4ee2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Cash fund transfer rebates"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;3,063&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zTYita1wILe" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Cash fund transfer rebates"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_uUSD_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zjoYMwfL3Hn6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Cash fund transfer rebates"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Usage
    of ISO13485 certified facilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_z4QniMOxPXH2" style="text-align: right" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1674"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_zZLYNB5HO4o7" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1676"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zyVUUmRpR9P5" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;10,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_uUSD_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zVUBqatczMR8" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;7,351&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Disposal asset loss&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_z9MIhB3pe2xl" style="text-align: right" title="Disposal asset loss"&gt;(8,870&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_zFAnPDPQrqB5" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Disposal asset loss"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1684"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zsg1E9qB7og6" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Disposal asset loss"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1686"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets_uUSD_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_z7nFqi0vpT13" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Disposal asset loss"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1688"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Management fee&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ManagementFeeExpense_msvfrt_c20220101__20221231_zwKIxVYuQBVk" style="text-align: right" title="Management fee expense"&gt;48,000&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ManagementFeeExpense_msvfrt_c20230101__20231231_zUagBKGZw0P7" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Management fee expense"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1692"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ManagementFeeExpense_msvfrt_c20240101__20241231_zubji1Qgny29" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Management fee expense"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1694"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ManagementFeeExpense_uUSD_msvfrt_c20240101__20241231_zCZAlNvbXpGj" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Management fee"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1696"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Rental of motor vehicle&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--RentalIncomeOperating_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_zUlvwvDg7REd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Rentel of motor vehicle"&gt;347&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--RentalIncomeOperating_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_z7WOK61vJhYf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Rentel of motor vehicle"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1700"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--RentalIncomeOperating_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zwdobyTimob9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Rentel of motor vehicle"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1702"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--RentalIncomeOperating_uUSD_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zXL5FwK5st7k" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Rental of motor vehicle"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1704"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_mtvfrt_c20220101__20221231_zc6TBf7nfkr4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Other operating income expense net"&gt;90,634&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_mtvfrt_c20230101__20231231_zxl1KsmG9yb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other operating income expense net"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;39,149&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_mtvfrt_c20240101__20241231_z3fX6EktxkYl" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other operating income expense net"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;173,865&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_uUSD_mtvfrt_c20240101__20241231_zpuXXQTEnwu5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other operating income expense net"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;127,813&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A9_z32sBq2xqlkh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock>
    <CUPR:OtherExpenseTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001656">&lt;p id="xdx_896_ecustom--OtherExpenseTableTextBlock_zd59ysm6nggg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zTPS907XFQ14" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of other income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Government
    grants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_zewO5HrZPtke" style="text-align: right; width: 11%" title="Government grants"&gt;51,069&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_zKfIbTg05Jcl" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Government grants"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;36,086&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_z2LUfh9G4qha" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Government grants"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;163,846&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--GovernmentGrants_uUSD_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zZmTdbVlXAP4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Government grants"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;120,448&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cash
    /fund transfer rebates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_zotUijDsN5E2" style="text-align: right" title="Cash fund transfer rebates"&gt;88&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_zo4Im9Wu4ee2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Cash fund transfer rebates"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;3,063&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zTYita1wILe" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Cash fund transfer rebates"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--CashFundTransferRebates_uUSD_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zjoYMwfL3Hn6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Cash fund transfer rebates"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Usage
    of ISO13485 certified facilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_z4QniMOxPXH2" style="text-align: right" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1674"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_zZLYNB5HO4o7" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1676"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zyVUUmRpR9P5" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;10,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--UsageOfCertifiedFacilities_uUSD_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zVUBqatczMR8" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Usage of ISO13485 certified facilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;7,351&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Disposal asset loss&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_z9MIhB3pe2xl" style="text-align: right" title="Disposal asset loss"&gt;(8,870&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_zFAnPDPQrqB5" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Disposal asset loss"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1684"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zsg1E9qB7og6" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Disposal asset loss"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1686"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets_uUSD_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_z7nFqi0vpT13" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Disposal asset loss"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1688"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Management fee&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ManagementFeeExpense_msvfrt_c20220101__20221231_zwKIxVYuQBVk" style="text-align: right" title="Management fee expense"&gt;48,000&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ManagementFeeExpense_msvfrt_c20230101__20231231_zUagBKGZw0P7" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Management fee expense"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1692"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ManagementFeeExpense_msvfrt_c20240101__20241231_zubji1Qgny29" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Management fee expense"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1694"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ManagementFeeExpense_uUSD_msvfrt_c20240101__20241231_zCZAlNvbXpGj" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Management fee"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1696"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Rental of motor vehicle&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--RentalIncomeOperating_mavfrt_c20220101__20221231_zUlvwvDg7REd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Rentel of motor vehicle"&gt;347&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--RentalIncomeOperating_mavfrt_c20230101__20231231_z7WOK61vJhYf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Rentel of motor vehicle"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1700"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--RentalIncomeOperating_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zwdobyTimob9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Rentel of motor vehicle"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1702"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--RentalIncomeOperating_uUSD_mavfrt_c20240101__20241231_zXL5FwK5st7k" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Rental of motor vehicle"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1704"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_mtvfrt_c20220101__20221231_zc6TBf7nfkr4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Other operating income expense net"&gt;90,634&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_mtvfrt_c20230101__20231231_zxl1KsmG9yb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other operating income expense net"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;39,149&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_mtvfrt_c20240101__20241231_z3fX6EktxkYl" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other operating income expense net"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;173,865&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_uUSD_mtvfrt_c20240101__20241231_zpuXXQTEnwu5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other operating income expense net"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;127,813&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</CUPR:OtherExpenseTableTextBlock>
    <CUPR:GovernmentGrants
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001658"
      unitRef="SGD">51069</CUPR:GovernmentGrants>
    <CUPR:GovernmentGrants
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001660"
      unitRef="SGD">36086</CUPR:GovernmentGrants>
    <CUPR:GovernmentGrants
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001662"
      unitRef="SGD">163846</CUPR:GovernmentGrants>
    <CUPR:GovernmentGrants
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001664"
      unitRef="USD">120448</CUPR:GovernmentGrants>
    <CUPR:CashFundTransferRebates
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001666"
      unitRef="SGD">88</CUPR:CashFundTransferRebates>
    <CUPR:CashFundTransferRebates
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001668"
      unitRef="SGD">3063</CUPR:CashFundTransferRebates>
    <CUPR:CashFundTransferRebates
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001670"
      unitRef="SGD">19</CUPR:CashFundTransferRebates>
    <CUPR:CashFundTransferRebates
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001672"
      unitRef="USD">14</CUPR:CashFundTransferRebates>
    <CUPR:UsageOfCertifiedFacilities
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001678"
      unitRef="SGD">10000</CUPR:UsageOfCertifiedFacilities>
    <CUPR:UsageOfCertifiedFacilities
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001680"
      unitRef="USD">7351</CUPR:UsageOfCertifiedFacilities>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001682"
      unitRef="SGD">-8870</us-gaap:GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets>
    <us-gaap:ManagementFeeExpense
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001690"
      unitRef="SGD">48000</us-gaap:ManagementFeeExpense>
    <CUPR:RentalIncomeOperating
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001698"
      unitRef="SGD">347</CUPR:RentalIncomeOperating>
    <us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001706"
      unitRef="SGD">90634</us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet>
    <us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001708"
      unitRef="SGD">39149</us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet>
    <us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001710"
      unitRef="SGD">173865</us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet>
    <us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001712"
      unitRef="USD">127813</us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001714">&lt;p id="xdx_809_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareTextBlock_zANjrCn3bQXi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;15&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_821_zdKE5NfTsUSd"&gt;Loss
  per share &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Basic
loss per share is the amount of losses available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted loss
per share is the amount of losses available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period adjusted to include
the effect of potentially dilutive common shares.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_z0KzjfrXqbhb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zFAuKBpQInob" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of calculation of basic and diluted net income per share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_492_20220101__20221231_z3L6lqYb1x73" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230101__20231231_zlxcoCFiHDNb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240101__20241231_zYozjTJJqDD5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Numerator:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_z3JHbI1BZgf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Net
    loss available to common stockholders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right; width: 11%"&gt;(1,094,516&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1,119,555&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1,560,535&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zTfEg8nV3hij" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1,147,199&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Denominator:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted
    average common shares outstanding &#x2013; basic and diluted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pid_c20220101__20221231_zmzbcAcqOQG2" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - basic"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pid_c20220101__20221231_zXyWRzrIOZw9" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - diluted"&gt;18,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pid_c20230101__20231231_zDHMB9TzUD3c" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - basic"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pid_c20230101__20231231_zaLQZ733mkFj" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - diluted"&gt;18,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pid_c20240101__20241231_zkNHPsWInNs4" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - basic"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pid_c20240101__20241231_zkAilE7QvZd3" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - diluted"&gt;18,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pid_c20240101__20241231_z6m1A2JSVU7e" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - basic"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pid_c20240101__20241231_z8o4cALaBMli" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - diluted"&gt;18,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Loss per common
    share:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Basic
    and diluted (cents)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_pid_c20220101__20221231_zzm23Nrhn7i7" title="Loss per ordinary share - basic (cents)"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareDiluted_pid_c20220101__20221231_z2OgCJsJrlHa" title="Loss per ordinary share - diluted (cents)"&gt;(6.08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_pid_c20230101__20231231_zMHmnVuME9p3" title="Loss per ordinary share - basic (cents)"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareDiluted_pid_c20230101__20231231_zQfw1i1oSvec" title="Loss per ordinary share - diluted (cents)"&gt;(6.22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_pid_c20240101__20241231_zMUQT6aVJiXe" title="Loss per ordinary share - basic (cents)"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareDiluted_pid_c20240101__20241231_zo3F3xLfPDya" title="Loss per ordinary share - diluted (cents)"&gt;(8.68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_pid_uUSDPShares_c20240101__20241231_zsfrIxusufqj" title="Loss per ordinary share - basic (cents)"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareDiluted_pid_uUSDPShares_c20240101__20241231_zSCBIM0MnJoh" title="Loss per ordinary share - diluted (cents)"&gt;(6.38&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AC_zr8pc5pydYA3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001716">&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_z0KzjfrXqbhb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zFAuKBpQInob" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of calculation of basic and diluted net income per share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_492_20220101__20221231_z3L6lqYb1x73" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230101__20231231_zlxcoCFiHDNb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240101__20241231_zYozjTJJqDD5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Numerator:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_z3JHbI1BZgf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Net
    loss available to common stockholders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right; width: 11%"&gt;(1,094,516&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1,119,555&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1,560,535&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zTfEg8nV3hij" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1,147,199&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Denominator:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted
    average common shares outstanding &#x2013; basic and diluted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pid_c20220101__20221231_zmzbcAcqOQG2" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - basic"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pid_c20220101__20221231_zXyWRzrIOZw9" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - diluted"&gt;18,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pid_c20230101__20231231_zDHMB9TzUD3c" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - basic"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pid_c20230101__20231231_zaLQZ733mkFj" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - diluted"&gt;18,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pid_c20240101__20241231_zkNHPsWInNs4" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - basic"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pid_c20240101__20241231_zkAilE7QvZd3" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - diluted"&gt;18,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pid_c20240101__20241231_z6m1A2JSVU7e" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - basic"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pid_c20240101__20241231_z8o4cALaBMli" title="Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - diluted"&gt;18,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Loss per common
    share:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Basic
    and diluted (cents)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_pid_c20220101__20221231_zzm23Nrhn7i7" title="Loss per ordinary share - basic (cents)"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareDiluted_pid_c20220101__20221231_z2OgCJsJrlHa" title="Loss per ordinary share - diluted (cents)"&gt;(6.08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_pid_c20230101__20231231_zMHmnVuME9p3" title="Loss per ordinary share - basic (cents)"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareDiluted_pid_c20230101__20231231_zQfw1i1oSvec" title="Loss per ordinary share - diluted (cents)"&gt;(6.22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_pid_c20240101__20241231_zMUQT6aVJiXe" title="Loss per ordinary share - basic (cents)"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareDiluted_pid_c20240101__20241231_zo3F3xLfPDya" title="Loss per ordinary share - diluted (cents)"&gt;(8.68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_pid_uUSDPShares_c20240101__20241231_zsfrIxusufqj" title="Loss per ordinary share - basic (cents)"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareDiluted_pid_uUSDPShares_c20240101__20241231_zSCBIM0MnJoh" title="Loss per ordinary share - diluted (cents)"&gt;(6.38&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock>
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      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
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      id="Fact001719"
      unitRef="SGD">-1119555</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
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      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001720"
      unitRef="SGD">-1560535</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
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      id="Fact001721"
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    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001723"
      unitRef="Shares">18000000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
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      contextRef="From2022-01-012022-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001725"
      unitRef="Shares">18000000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001727"
      unitRef="Shares">18000000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
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      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001729"
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      id="Fact001731"
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      decimals="INF"
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      id="Fact001743"
      unitRef="SGDPShares">-6.22</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
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      id="Fact001745"
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      decimals="INF"
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    <us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001755">&lt;p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock_zBYefuWF2YQ" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;16&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_822_zKEwr1ckrOU4"&gt;Segment
  information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Operating
segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating
decision maker, or decision-making group in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company evaluates operating
results based on measures of performance, including revenue and profit. The Company currently operates in the following two reporting
segments: Maggot Debridement Therapy Product and Cosmeceutical Product.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Our
reportable segments consist of Maggot Debridement Therapy Product and Cosmeceutical Product. We determine our operating segments based
on how the Chief Operating Decision Maker (&#x201c;CODM&#x201d;) manage the business, allocate resources, make operating decisions and
evaluate operating performance. The Company&#x2019;s CODM is the Chief Executive Officer. Our CODM reviews financial information presented
on a consolidated basis accompanied by information about revenue and cost of revenue by products type along with gross profit for purposes
of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance, as such we have disclosed segment information up to gross profit for each
reporting segment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
discussed in Note 2, the Company operates in two business segments &#x2013; Maggot Debridement Therapy Product, which consists of operations
related to the Company&#x2019;s selling of maggot vials to the hospital for their treatment of respective patients; and Cosmeceutical
Product, which consists of operations related to the Company&#x2019;s selling of cosmeceutical product to its customer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_z74suHNsMP4a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_zZpWg2rBgPq" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of operation of business segments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_49F_20220101__20221231_zXmHOMIF1wnk" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230101__20231231_znwcfOkv6cP5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20240101__20241231_zBfYv3gLzqP7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--Revenues_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember_zDcyr1YQxT82" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Maggot
    Debridement Therapy Product&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 11%"&gt;56,599&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;78,957&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;34,417&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--Revenues_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember_zgwoW7HPq6uf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;25,301&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--Revenues_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--CosmeceuticalProductMember_zkS33Gx9Wipk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cosmeceutical
    Product&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1764"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;21,816&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;13,904&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--Revenues_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--CosmeceuticalProductMember_z1Ii6pkA9pL" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;10,221&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_zD6sIkO9iUs1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;56,599&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;100,773&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;48,321&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--Revenues_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zlc3cpwcSLe4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,522&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cost
    of revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_iN_di_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember_zTGxWy5TKym8" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Maggot
    Debridement Therapy Product&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(36,621&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(46,684&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(45,592&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_iN_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember_zSPB6bZJXr81" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(33,516&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_iN_di_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--CosmeceuticalProductMember_zvwv8RU8tE22" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cosmeceutical
    Product&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1779"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(17,484&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(5,753&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_iN_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--CosmeceuticalProductMember_zS0eJKYktfJd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(4,229&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_iN_di_z0SGp38wV8V4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cost
    of revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(36,621&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(64,168&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(51,345&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_iN_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zZrWynEwcu0j" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(37,745&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Gross
    profit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--GrossProfit_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember_zH1YunLWHFuk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Maggot
    Debridement Therapy Product&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;19,978&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;32,273&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(11,175&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--GrossProfit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember_zB4rOKk6Monj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(8,215&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--GrossProfit_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--CosmeceuticalProductMember_zYJ2NsDXXYf9" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cosmeceutical
    Product&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1794"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;4,332&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;8,151&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--GrossProfit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--CosmeceuticalProductMember_zsMbC2nCvkke" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;5,992&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--GrossProfit_z9dbCUWK2uoa" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;Gross
    profit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;19,978&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;36,605&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(3,024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--GrossProfit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zJimPXTa5UK8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(2,223&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AD_zsDNPpP8NrEd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;There
were no material transactions between reportable segments during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Assets
by reportable segment and operating costs by reportable segment are not presented as the Company does not allocate assets to its reportable
segments, nor is such information used by management for purposes of assessing performance or allocating resources.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As of December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, substantially all of the Company&#x2019;s assets were located in Singapore, and substantially all
of the Company&#x2019;s revenue was generated from customers based in Singapore.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001757">&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_z74suHNsMP4a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_zZpWg2rBgPq" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of operation of business segments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_49F_20220101__20221231_zXmHOMIF1wnk" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230101__20231231_znwcfOkv6cP5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20240101__20241231_zBfYv3gLzqP7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years Ended December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;S$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;S$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;US$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--Revenues_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember_zDcyr1YQxT82" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Maggot
    Debridement Therapy Product&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 11%"&gt;56,599&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;78,957&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;34,417&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--Revenues_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember_zgwoW7HPq6uf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;25,301&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--Revenues_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--CosmeceuticalProductMember_zkS33Gx9Wipk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cosmeceutical
    Product&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1764"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;21,816&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;13,904&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--Revenues_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--CosmeceuticalProductMember_z1Ii6pkA9pL" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;10,221&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_zD6sIkO9iUs1" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;56,599&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;100,773&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;48,321&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--Revenues_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zlc3cpwcSLe4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,522&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cost
    of revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_iN_di_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember_zTGxWy5TKym8" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Maggot
    Debridement Therapy Product&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(36,621&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(46,684&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(45,592&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_iN_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--MaggotDebridementTherapyProductMember_zSPB6bZJXr81" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(33,516&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_iN_di_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--CosmeceuticalProductMember_zvwv8RU8tE22" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Cosmeceutical
    Product&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1779"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(17,484&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(5,753&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_iN_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--CosmeceuticalProductMember_zS0eJKYktfJd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(4,229&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_iN_di_z0SGp38wV8V4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cost
    of revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(36,621&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(64,168&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(51,345&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_iN_di_uUSD_c20240101__20241231_zZrWynEwcu0j" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(37,745&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Gross
    profit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1794"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--GrossProfit_uUSD_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--CosmeceuticalProductMember_zsMbC2nCvkke" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;5,992&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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the details on future minimum lease payment under the non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2024, please refer to Note 8
set forth in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company did not have any capital commitments and contingencies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CUPRINA HOLDINGS (CAYMAN) LIMITED&lt;br/&gt;
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;
&lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;18&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_82A_z8j4txQv4gZf"&gt;Subsequent
  events&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has assessed all subsequent events through the date that the consolidated financial statements were issued, there are no further
material subsequent events that require disclosure in these consolidated financial statements other than as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
                                            January 2, 2025, Baptista Carl Marc, one of the ultimate individual shareholders have provided
                                            an advance of which amounted to S$&lt;span id="xdx_904_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_c20250102__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_ztCQpe0AJVDk" title="Working capital"&gt;200,000&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_905_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20250102__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zVXIiDgYszva" title="Working capital"&gt;147,026&lt;/span&gt;) to the Company for working capital
                                            purpose. Such advance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.55in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(b)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
                                            January 8, 2025, Baptista Carl Marc, one of the ultimate individual shareholders have provided
                                            an advance of which amounted to S$&lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_c20250108__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zAAbnrw345Q2" title="Working capital"&gt;140,000&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_904_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20250108__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--BaptistaCarlMarcMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zQvVEFI2dx1k" title="Working capital"&gt;102,918&lt;/span&gt;) to the Company for working capital
                                            purpose. Such advance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(c)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
                                            February 27, 2025, Teo Peng Kwang, one of the ultimate individual shareholders have provided
                                            an advance of which amounted to S$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_c20250227__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z4MTK1YQbQm5" title="Working capital"&gt;303,590&lt;/span&gt; (US$&lt;span id="xdx_901_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_uUSD_c20250227__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--TeoPengKwangMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z1xp7rIIVd8h" title="Working capital"&gt;223,179&lt;/span&gt;) to the Company for working capital
                                            purpose. Such advance is interest free, unsecured, and due on demand without an agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(d)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
                                            April 11, 2025, the Company has completed the Initial Public Offering (&#x201c;IPO&#x201d;)
                                            of &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_c20250411__20250411__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zbsu6Zu8U9O" title="Initial public offering"&gt;3,000,000&lt;/span&gt; Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq Capital Market, at a public offering price
                                            of US$&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockPricePerShare_iI_pid_c20250411__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zN5mWESYrIMj" title="Public offering price"&gt;4.00&lt;/span&gt; per share, and give rise to total gross proceeds of US$&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity_pn5n6_c20250411__20250411__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_znEtsseuHell" title="Gross proceeds"&gt;12.0&lt;/span&gt; million. The Ordinary
                                            Shares were previously approved for listing on Nasdaq Capital Markets on April 9, 2025 and
                                            commenced trading under the ticker symbol &#x201c;CUPR&#x201d; on April 10, 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                                                                                                                                            &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(e)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;On May 8, 2025, the Company has closed the sale of an additional &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20250508__20250508__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zssTNDlX10k6" title="Stock issued during period shares new issues"&gt;450,000&lt;/span&gt; Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company, pursuant to the full
exercise of the underwriter&#x2019;s over-allotment option granted in connection with the Company&#x2019;s IPO, at the IPO price of US$&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_pid_c20250508__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zinWtxzGv0J6" title="Share price"&gt;4.00&lt;/span&gt;
per share.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                                                                                                                                            &lt;/table&gt;

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      contextRef="AsOf2025-01-02_custom_BaptistaCarlMarcMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
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      contextRef="AsOf2025-02-27_custom_TeoPengKwangMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
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      unitRef="SGD">303590</CUPR:WorkingCapital>
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