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Allowance for Doubtful Debts
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Allowance For Doubtful Debts Disclosure [Abstract]  
Allowance For Doubtful Debts Disclosure [Text Block]

23. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectability of customer accounts. A rollforward of allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:

Charged (credited) to
BeginningBad DebtCharged toEnding
BalanceExpense (Recoveries)Allowance (1)Other (2)Balance
(in thousands)
Year ended December 31, 2017$301(57)(68)17$193
Year ended December 31, 2018$193281398$332
(1) Consists of accounts written off, net of recoveries.
(2) For 2018 this amount consists of an addition to the allowance of $103,000 due to business combination as well as the effect of currency translation. For 2017, this amount consists solely of the effect of currency translation.