<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001193805-22-000823.txt : 20220517
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20220517163927
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001193805-22-000823
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20220517
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20220517
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20220517

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			HARVARD BIOSCIENCE INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001123494
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	LABORATORY ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS [3826]
		IRS NUMBER:				043306140
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-33957
		FILM NUMBER:		22935143

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		84 OCTOBER HILL RD
		CITY:			HOLLISTON
		STATE:			MA
		ZIP:			01746
		BUSINESS PHONE:		5088938999

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		84 OCTOBER HILL ROAD
		CITY:			HOLLISTON
		STATE:			MA
		ZIP:			01746
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<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">_____________________</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>FORM <span id="xdx_903_edei--DocumentType_c20220517__20220517_zK9aLIbfnZHe"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-17to2022-05-17" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">_____________________</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">Date of Report (Date of earliest event
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

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    <td style="text-align: center">(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="xdx_900_edei--EntityAddressAddressLine1_c20220517__20220517_zZPSxtMz9SC1"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-17to2022-05-17" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1">84 October Hill Road</ix:nonNumeric></span>, <span id="xdx_901_edei--EntityAddressCityOrTown_c20220517__20220517_zny18ShoLb2h"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-17to2022-05-17" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown">Holliston</ix:nonNumeric></span>, <span id="xdx_90D_edei--EntityAddressStateOrProvince_c20220517__20220517_zwNvclcopBP7"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-17to2022-05-17" name="dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince">MA</ix:nonNumeric></span> <span id="xdx_905_edei--EntityAddressPostalZipCode_c20220517__20220517_zj1EfQIS1WA3"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-17to2022-05-17" name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode">01746</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Registrant's telephone number, including area
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Former name or former address, if changed since
last report)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 34pt 0pt 0">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is
intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 34pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_902_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20220517__20220517_zWuEUesDuow3"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-17to2022-05-17" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td><td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Soliciting
material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span></td>
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communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
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communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 1.75in; margin-bottom: 0pt">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1.75in 0pt 6.5pt">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 30%; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trading Symbol(s)</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging
growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167; 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 (&#167; 240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Emerging growth company <span id="xdx_906_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20220517__20220517_zSTMVv1pzXPa"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-17to2022-05-17" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the
registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards
provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 8pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 8pt 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 8pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 67pt"><b>Item 5.02</b></td><td><b>Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of
Certain Officers.</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">On May 17, 2022, the stockholders of Harvard Bioscience, Inc. (the
&#8220;Company&#8221;) approved and adopted an amendment to the Harvard Bioscience, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the &#8220;ESPP&#8221;)
at the Company&#8217;s 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the &#8220;Annual Meeting&#8221;). A detailed description of the ESPP, as
amended, is included under the heading &#8220;Proposal 3: Approval Of An Amendment Of The Harvard Bioscience, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase
Plan&#8221; in the definitive proxy statement filed in connection with the Annual Meeting with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) on April 7, 2022, which description is incorporated herein by reference. The description of the ESPP, as amended,
is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the ESPP, as amended, a copy of which is filed herewith as <span style="text-decoration: underline">Exhibit 10.1</span>
and incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 67pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Item 5.07</b></span></td><td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.</b></span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 2.9pt 0pt 0">On May 17, 2022, the Company held its Annual Meeting. At
the Annual Meeting, the Company&#8217;s stockholders voted on the following proposals: (i) the election of two Class I Directors for a
three-year term, such term to continue until the annual meeting of stockholders in 2025 and until such director&#8217;s successor is duly
elected and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal, (ii) the ratification of the appointment of Grant Thornton LLP as the
Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022, (iii) the adoption and approval
of an amendment to the ESPP to increase the number of authorized shares available for issuance by 500,000 shares of common stock, and
(iv) the approval, by a non-binding advisory vote, of the compensation of the Company&#8217;s named executive officers. The voting results
for the matters submitted to a stockholder vote at the Annual Meeting are reported below.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 2.9pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 25pt"><b><i>Proposal 1 - Election of Directors</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 25pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1pt 0pt 0">James W. Green and Bertrand Loy were elected as the Class I
Directors for a three-year term, such term to continue until the annual meeting of stockholders in 2025 and until his successor is duly
elected and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal. Due to the plurality election, votes could only be cast in favor of
or withheld from the nominee and thus votes against were not applicable. The results of the election were as follows:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 25pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 25pt"><b><i>Proposal 2 &#8211;Ratification of the Appointment of
Grant Thornton LLP</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 25pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 14pt 0pt 0">The appointment of Grant Thornton LLP as the Company&#8217;s
independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022 was ratified. There were no broker non-votes
on this proposal. The results of the ratification were as follows:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 14pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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    <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Votes Against</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 25pt"><b><i>Proposal 3 &#8211; Approval of an Amendment of the ESPP
</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 25pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 8pt 0pt 0">The amendment to the ESPP to increase the number of authorized
shares available for issuance by 500,000 shares of common stock was approved as follows:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 8pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
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    <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Broker Non-Votes</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p>

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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 25pt"><b><i>Proposal 4 &#8211; Approval, by Non-Binding Advisory
Vote, of the Compensation of the Named Executive Officers</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 25pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The compensation of the Company&#8217;s named executive officers was
approved, by a non-binding advisory vote, as follows:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 67pt"><b>Item 9.01</b></td><td><b>Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(d) Exhibits.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
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    <td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 85%">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Description</b></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="e621669_ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Harvard Bioscience, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p>

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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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    <td colspan="3" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.</b></span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date: May 17, 2022</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By: </span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">/s/ James Green</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Appendix A</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">(As Amended)</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The purpose of the Harvard Bioscience, Inc. Employee
Stock Purchase Plan (the &ldquo;Plan&rdquo;) is to provide eligible employees of Harvard Bioscience, Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;)
and certain of its subsidiaries with opportunities to purchase shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, par value $.01 per share (the
&ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;).&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="color: red"><B>One Million Nine Hundred Thousand (1,900,000)</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;<STRIKE>One
Million Four Hundred Thousand (1,400,000)</STRIKE></B>&nbsp;shares of Common Stock in the aggregate have been approved and reserved for
this purpose. The Plan is intended to constitute an &ldquo;employee stock purchase plan&rdquo; within the meaning of Section 423(b) of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the &ldquo;Code&rdquo;), and shall be interpreted in accordance with that intent.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">1. ADMINISTRATION. The Plan will be administered by
the person or persons (the &ldquo;Administrator&rdquo;) appointed by the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors (the &ldquo;Board&rdquo;)
for such purpose. The Administrator has authority to make rules and regulations for the administration of the Plan, and its interpretations
and decisions with regard thereto shall be final and conclusive. No member of the Board or individual exercising administrative authority
with respect to the Plan shall be liable for any action or determination made in good faith with respect to the Plan or any option granted
hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">2. OFFERINGS. The Company will make one or more offerings
to eligible employees to purchase Common Stock under the Plan (&ldquo;Offerings&rdquo;). Unless otherwise determined by the Administrator,
the initial Offering will begin on January 1, 2001 and will end on June 30, 2001 (the &ldquo;Initial Offering&rdquo;). Thereafter, unless
otherwise determined by the Administrator, an Offering will begin on the first business day occurring on or after each January 1 and July
1 and will end on the last business day occurring on or before the following June 30 and December 31, respectively. The Administrator
may, in its discretion, designate a different period for any Offering, provided that no Offering shall exceed six months in duration or
overlap any other Offering.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">3. ELIGIBILITY. All employees of the Company (including
employees who are also directors of the Company) and all employees of each Designated Subsidiary (as defined in Section 11) are eligible
to participate in any one or more of the Offerings under the Plan, provided that as of the first day of the applicable Offering (the &ldquo;Offering
Date&rdquo;) they are customarily employed by the Company or a Designated Subsidiary for more than 20 hours a week.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">4. PARTICIPATION. An employee eligible on any Offering
Date may participate in such Offering by submitting an enrollment form to his appropriate payroll location at least 15 business days before
the Offering Date (or by such other deadline as shall be established for the Offering). The form will (a) state a whole percentage to
be deducted from his Compensation (as defined in Section 11) per pay period, (b) authorize the purchase of Common Stock for him in each
Offering in accordance with the terms of the Plan and (c) specify the exact name or names in which shares of Common Stock purchased for
him are to be issued pursuant to Section 10. An employee who does not enroll in accordance with these procedures will be deemed to have
waived his right to participate. Unless an employee files a new enrollment form or withdraws from the Plan, his deductions and purchases
will continue at the same percentage of Compensation for future Offerings, provided he remains eligible.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">Notwithstanding the foregoing, participation in the Plan will neither be
permitted nor be denied contrary to the requirements of the Code.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">5. EMPLOYEE CONTRIBUTIONS. Each eligible employee
may authorize payroll deductions at a minimum of one percent (1%) up to a maximum of ten percent (10%) of his Compensation for each pay
period. The Company will maintain book accounts showing the amount of payroll deductions made by each participating employee for each
Offering. No interest will accrue or be paid on payroll deductions.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">6. DEDUCTION CHANGES. Except as may be determined
by the Administrator in advance of an Offering, an employee may not increase or decrease his payroll deduction during any Offering, but
may increase or decrease his payroll deduction with respect to the next Offering (subject to the limitations of Section 5) by filing a
new enrollment form at least 15 business days before the next Offering Date (or by such other deadline as shall be established for the
Offering). The Administrator may, in advance of any Offering, establish rules permitting an employee to increase, decrease or terminate
his payroll deduction during an Offering.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">7. WITHDRAWAL. An employee may withdraw from participation
in the Plan by delivering a written notice of withdrawal to his appropriate payroll location. The employee&rsquo;s withdrawal will be
effective as of the next business day. Following an employee&rsquo;s withdrawal, the Company will promptly refund to him his entire account
balance under the Plan (after payment for any Common Stock purchased before the effective date of withdrawal). Partial withdrawals are
not permitted. The employee may not begin participation again during the remainder of the Offering, but may enroll in a subsequent Offering
in accordance with Section 4.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">8. GRANT OF OPTIONS. On each Offering Date, the Company
will grant to each eligible employee who is then a participant in the Plan an option (&ldquo;Option&rdquo;) to purchase on the last day
of such Offering (the &ldquo;Exercise Date&rdquo;), at the Option Price hereinafter provided for, (a) a number of shares of Common Stock,
which number shall not exceed the number of whole shares which is less than or equal to $12,500 divided by the closing price per share
of Common Stock on the Offering Date, or (b) such other lesser maximum number of shares as shall have been established by the Administrator
in advance of the Offering. The purchase price for each share purchased under each Option (the &ldquo;Option Price&rdquo;) will be 85%
of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the Offering Date or the Exercise Date, whichever is less.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Notwithstanding the foregoing, no employee may be
granted an option hereunder if such employee, immediately after the option was granted, would be treated as owning stock, possessing five
percent (5%) or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of stock of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary (as
defined in Section 11). For purposes of the preceding sentence, the attribution rules of Section 424(d) of the Code shall apply in determining
the stock ownership of an employee, and all stock which the employee has a contractual right to purchase shall be treated as stock owned
by the employee. In addition, no employee may be granted an Option which permits his rights to purchase stock under the Plan, and any
other employee stock purchase plan of the Company and its Parents and Subsidiaries, to accrue at a rate which exceeds $25,000 of the fair
market value of such stock (determined on the option grant date or dates) for each calendar year in which the Option is outstanding at
any time. The purpose of the limitation in the preceding sentence is to comply with Section 423(b)(8) of the Code.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">9. EXERCISE OF OPTION AND PURCHASE OF SHARES. Each
employee who continues to be a participant in the Plan on the Exercise Date shall be deemed to have exercised his Option on such date
and shall acquire from the Company such number of whole shares of Common Stock reserved for the purpose of the Plan as his accumulated
payroll deductions on such date will purchase at the Option Price, subject to any other limitations contained in the Plan. Any amount
remaining in an employee&rsquo;s account at the end of an Offering solely by reason of the inability to purchase a fractional share will
be carried forward to the next Offering; any other balance remaining in an employee&rsquo;s account at the end of an Offering will be
refunded to the employee promptly.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">10. ISSUANCE OF CERTIFICATES. Certificates representing
shares of Common Stock purchased under the Plan may be issued only in the name of the employee, in the name of the employee and another
person of legal age as joint tenants with rights of survivorship, or in the name of a broker authorized by the employee to be his, or
their, nominee for such purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">11. DEFINITIONS.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The term &ldquo;Compensation&rdquo; means the amount
of an employee&rsquo;s base pay from the Company prior to any reduction for deferrals made under either Code Section 125 or 401(k),&nbsp;<U>including</U>&nbsp;commissions,
but&nbsp;<U>excluding</U>&nbsp;overtime, incentive or bonus awards, allowances and reimbursements for expenses such as relocation allowances
or travel expenses, income or gains on the exercise of Company stock options, and similar extraordinary items.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The term &ldquo;Designated Subsidiary&rdquo; means
any present or future Subsidiary (as defined below) that has been designated by the Board to participate in the Plan. The Board may so
designate any Subsidiary, or revoke any such designation, at any time and from time to time, either before or after the Plan is approved
by the stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The term &ldquo;Fair Market Value of the Common Stock&rdquo;
on any given date means the fair market value of the Common Stock determined in good faith by the Administrator; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that
if the Common Stock is admitted to quotation on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (&ldquo;Nasdaq&rdquo;),
Nasdaq National System or national securities exchange, the determination shall be made by reference to market quotations. If there are
no market quotations for such date, the determination shall be made by reference to the last date preceding such date for which there
are market quotations.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The term &ldquo;Initial Public Offering&rdquo; means
the consummation of the first fully underwritten, firm commitment public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, other than on Forms S-4 or S-8 or their then equivalents, covering the offer and sale by the Company
of its Common Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The term &ldquo;Parent&rdquo; means a &ldquo;parent
corporation&rdquo; with respect to the Company, as defined in Section 424(e) of the Code.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The term &ldquo;Subsidiary&rdquo; means a &ldquo;subsidiary
corporation&rdquo; with respect to the Company, as defined in Section 424(f) of the Code.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">12. RIGHTS ON TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT. If a participating
employee&rsquo;s employment terminates for any reason before the Exercise Date for any Offering, no payroll deduction will be taken from
any pay due and owing to the employee and the balance in his account will be paid to him or, in the case of his death, to his designated
beneficiary as if he had withdrawn from the Plan under Section 7. An employee will be deemed to have terminated employment, for this purpose,
if the corporation that employs him, having been a Designated Subsidiary, ceases to be a Subsidiary, or if the employee is transferred
to any corporation other than the Company or a Designated Subsidiary.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">13. SPECIAL RULES. Notwithstanding anything herein
to the contrary, the Administrator may adopt special rules applicable to the employees of a particular Designated Subsidiary, whenever
the Administrator determines that such rules are necessary or appropriate for the implementation of the Plan in a jurisdiction where such
Designated Subsidiary has employees; provided that such rules are consistent with the requirements of Section 423(b) of the Code. Such
special rules may include (by way of example, but not by way of limitation) the establishment of a method for employees of a given Designated
Subsidiary to fund the purchase of shares other than by payroll deduction, if the payroll deduction method is prohibited by local law
or is otherwise impracticable. Any special rules established pursuant to this Section 13 shall, to the extent possible, result in the
employees subject to such rules having substantially the same rights as other participants in the Plan.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">14. OPTIONEES NOT STOCKHOLDERS. Neither the granting
of an Option to an employee nor the deductions from his pay shall constitute such employee a holder of the shares of Common Stock covered
by an Option under the Plan until such shares have been purchased by and issued to him.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">15. RIGHTS NOT TRANSFERABLE. Rights under the Plan
are not transferable by a participating employee other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, and are exercisable during
the employee&rsquo;s lifetime only by the employee.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">16. APPLICATION OF FUNDS. All funds received or held
by the Company under the Plan may be combined with other corporate funds and may be used for any corporate purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">17. ADJUSTMENT IN CASE OF CHANGES AFFECTING COMMON
STOCK. In the event of a subdivision of outstanding shares of Common Stock, or the payment of a dividend in Common Stock, the number of
shares approved for the Plan, and the share limitation set forth in Section 8, shall be increased proportionately, and such other adjustments
shall be made as may be deemed equitable by the Administrator. In the event of any other change affecting the Common Stock, such adjustment
shall be made as may be deemed equitable by the Administrator to give proper effect to such event.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">18. AMENDMENT OF THE PLAN. The Board may at any time,
and from time to time, amend the Plan in any respect, except that without the approval, within 12 months of such Board action, by the
stockholders, no amendment shall be made increasing the number of shares approved for the Plan or making any other change that would require
stockholder approval in order for the Plan, as amended, to qualify as an &ldquo;employee stock purchase plan&rdquo; under Section 423(b)
of the Code.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">19. INSUFFICIENT SHARES. If the total number of shares
of Common Stock that would otherwise be purchased on any Exercise Date plus the number of shares purchased under previous Offerings under
the Plan exceeds the maximum number of shares issuable under the Plan, the shares then available shall be apportioned among participants
in proportion to the amount of payroll deductions accumulated on behalf of each participant that would otherwise be used to purchase Common
Stock on such Exercise Date.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">20. TERMINATION OF THE PLAN. The Plan may be terminated
at any time by the Board. Upon termination of the Plan, all amounts in the accounts of participating employees shall be promptly refunded.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">21. GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS. The Company&rsquo;s
obligation to sell and deliver Common Stock under the Plan is subject to obtaining all governmental approvals required in connection with
the authorization, issuance, or sale of such stock.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The Plan shall be governed by Delaware law except
to the extent that such law is preempted by federal law.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">22. ISSUANCE OF SHARES. Shares may be issued upon
exercise of an Option from authorized but unissued Common Stock, from shares held in the treasury of the Company, or from any other proper
source.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">23. TAX WITHHOLDING. Participation in the Plan is
subject to any minimum required tax withholding on income of the participant in connection with the Plan. Each employee agrees, by entering
the Plan, that the Company and its Subsidiaries shall have the right to deduct any such taxes from any payment of any kind otherwise due
to the employee, including shares issuable under the Plan.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">24. NOTIFICATION UPON SALE OF SHARES. Each employee
agrees, by entering the Plan, to give the Company prompt notice of any disposition of shares purchased under the Plan where such disposition
occurs within two years after the date of grant of the Option pursuant to which such shares were purchased.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">25. EFFECTIVE DATE AND APPROVAL OF SHAREHOLDERS. The
Plan shall take effect on the first day of the Company&rsquo;s Initial Public Offering, subject to approval by the holders of a majority
of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present or by written consent of the stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">DATE AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO PLAN APPROVED BY BOARD OF DIRECTORS: AUGUST 2,
2011.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">DATE AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO PLAN APPROVED BY BOARD OF DIRECTORS: FEBRUARY 26,
2013.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">DATE AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO PLAN APPROVED BY STOCKHOLDERS: MAY 23, 2013.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">DATE AMENDMENT NO. 3 TO PLAN APPROVED BY BOARD OF DIRECTORS: MARCH 31,
2017.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">DATE AMENDMENT NO. 3 TO PLAN APPROVED BY STOCKHOLDERS: MAY 18, 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">DATE AMENDMENT NO. 4 TO PLAN APPROVED BY BOARD OF DIRECTORS: FEBRUARY 26,
2019.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">DATE AMENDMENT NO. 4 TO PLAN APPROVED BY STOCKHOLDERS: MAY 16, 2019.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; color: red"><B>DATE AMENDMENT NO. 5 TO PLAN APPROVED BY BOARD OF DIRECTORS:
APRIL 3, 2022.</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; color: red">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; color: red"><B>DATE AMENDMENT NO. 5 TO PLAN APPROVED BY STOCKHOLDERS: MAY
17, 2022.</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">A-4<B>&nbsp;</B></P>


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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:to="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Registration Statement</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>hbio-20220517_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.22.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140422956387608">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 17, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">May 17,  2022<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-33957<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001123494<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">04-3306140<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">84 October Hill Road<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Holliston<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">MA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">01746<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(508)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">893-8999<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $0.01 par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">HBIO<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
