<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001171843-24-002591.txt : 20240507
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240507070039
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001171843-24-002591
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		15
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20240507
ITEM INFORMATION:		Results of Operations and Financial Condition
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240507
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240507

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			HARVARD BIOSCIENCE INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001123494
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	LABORATORY ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS [3826]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	08 Industrial Applications and Services
		IRS NUMBER:				043306140
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-33957
		FILM NUMBER:		24919530

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		84 OCTOBER HILL RD
		CITY:			HOLLISTON
		STATE:			MA
		ZIP:			01746
		BUSINESS PHONE:		5088938999

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		84 OCTOBER HILL ROAD
		CITY:			HOLLISTON
		STATE:			MA
		ZIP:			01746
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Sans-Serif; font-size: 9pt; color: Red"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>FORM <span id="xdx_90E_edei--DocumentType_c20240507__20240507_z3maKLegqJLf"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-05-07" id="Fact000009" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b><span id="xdx_909_edei--EntityAddressAddressLine1_c20240507__20240507_zWurpzeTrxY7"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-05-07" id="Fact000015" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1">84 October Hill Road</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 34pt 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously
satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 4.8pt"/><td style="width: 12.2pt"><span id="xdx_90F_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20240507__20240507_zoj3MDaNohu5"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-05-07" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000023" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td><td>Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</td></tr></table>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 4.8pt"/><td style="width: 12.2pt"><span id="xdx_906_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20240507__20240507_zey1RrkrbU36"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-05-07" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000024" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td><td>Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</td></tr></table>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
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    <td style="width: 42%">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</td>
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    <td style="width: 38%">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 26pt 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined
in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2
of this chapter).</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">Emerging growth company <span id="xdx_90E_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20240507__20240507_zWbId8bQ6mHb"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-05-07" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000028" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 8pt 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected
not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section
13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 8pt 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 8pt 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; color: Red"><b></b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 2.02. Results of Operations and Financial Condition.</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 10pt 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">On May 7, 2024, Harvard Bioscience, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) issued a press
release announcing financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and the details of a related conference call to be held
at 8:00 AM ET on May 7, 2024. The press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 and incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 10pt 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">The information in Item 2.02 of this Current Report on Form 8-K and Exhibit 99.1 attached
hereto shall not be deemed &#8220;filed&#8221; for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the &#8220;Exchange
Act&#8221;) or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under
the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 10pt 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>(d) Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></p>

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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><a href="exh_991.htm">99.1</a></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 90%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><a href="exh_991.htm">Press Release issued by Harvard Bioscience, Inc. on May 7, 2024</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">104</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the XBRL document)</td></tr>
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly
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<P STYLE="text-align: right; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>Exhibit 99.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="logo.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="width: 264px; height: 82px"></P>

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<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 18pt">Harvard Bioscience Announces <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.25pt">First
</FONT>Quarter 2024 Financial <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.1pt">Results</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.1pt">&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt"><B><I>Strong gross margin performance and focus on efficiency
to support ongoing investments in growth</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">HOLLISTON, Mass., May 7, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Harvard Bioscience, Inc.
(Nasdaq: HBIO) (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) today announced financial results for the <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.25pt">first </FONT>quarter
ended March 31, 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 4.85pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">Jim Green, Chairman and
CEO, said, &ldquo;As expected, our first quarter revenues reflect ongoing market headwinds, especially in APAC, amplified by a strong
prior year comparison. Despite these headwinds, we were pleased to deliver gross margins of 60%. After quarter end, we announced a cost
reduction initiative to improve our operating cost structure and support our ongoing investments in growth.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 4.85pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 4.85pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">Green continued, &ldquo;Looking
ahead, we are excited by our growth strategy and new product commercializations. Together with the new round of Chinese stimulus targeting
a range of products including academic research and healthcare products, we continue to expect solid growth in the second half.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt"></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #002060">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 12pt; color: white; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Financial Results Summary</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; color: white; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="border-bottom: White 2pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; color: white; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Three Months Ended March 31,</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #002060">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; color: white; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(unaudited, $ in millions except per share data)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; color: white; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; color: white; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2024</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; color: white; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; color: white; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2023</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 70%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Revenues</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">24.5</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">30.0</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Gross margin</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">60.3</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; background-color: white">61.2</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Operating (loss) income (GAAP)</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(2.3</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; background-color: white">1.7</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Adjusted operating income</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1.2</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; background-color: white">4.4</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Net (loss) income (GAAP)</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(4.7</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; background-color: white">0.6</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Diluted (loss) earnings per share (GAAP)</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(0.11</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; background-color: white">0.01</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Diluted adjusted earnings per share</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">0.02</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; background-color: white">0.06</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Adjusted EBITDA</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1.6</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; background-color: white">4.8</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Adjusted EBITDA margin</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">6.6</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; background-color: white">15.9</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Cash flow provided by operations</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1.4</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; background-color: white">1.8</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">This press release includes certain financial information
presented on an adjusted, or non-GAAP, basis. For additional information on the non-GAAP financial measures included in this press release,
please see &ldquo;Use of Non-GAAP Financial Information&rdquo; and &ldquo;Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures&rdquo;
below.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">F<FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.05pt">irst
</FONT>Quarter 2024 <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.1pt">Results</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">For the <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">first </FONT>quarter
of fiscal 2024, the Company reported revenues of $24.5 million compared to $30.0 million in the f<FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">irst
</FONT>quarter of fiscal 2023. Gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was 60.3% compared with 61.2% in the comparable
quarter of the prior year.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">Net loss for the first quarter of 2024 was $(4.7)
million which included a loss on marketable securities and other operating expenses of approximately ($2.3) million. This compares to
net income of $0.6 million in the first quarter of 2023. Adjusted EBITDA for the first quarter of 2024 was $1.6 million, compared to
$4.8 million in the first quarter of the prior year.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">Cash provided by operations for the first quarter of 2024
was $1.4 million compared to $1.8 million in the same period last year. Debt was reduced by $1.0 million during the first quarter of 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">2024 Guidance</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">For the full year 2024 we expect revenues to be
approximately flat versus 2023. We expect second half growth versus both first half of 2024 and second half of 2023, supported by new
product commercializations and expected improvements in China. We also continue to expect 2024 gross margin of approximately 60% and
adjusted EBITDA margin in the mid-teens.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Webcast and Conference Call <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.1pt">Details</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">In conjunction with this announcement, Harvard Bioscience will be hosting
a conference call and webcast today at 8:00 a.m. Eastern Time. A presentation that will be referenced during the webcast will be posted
to our Investor Relations website shortly before the webcast begins.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">Analysts who would like to join the call and ask a question
must register <FONT STYLE="color: Black">here (https://register.vevent.com/register/BIfafe35b84c4a47c797e623819f01132c)</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #4471C4">.</FONT> Once registered, you will receive the
dial-in numbers and a unique PIN number.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">Participants who would like to join the audio-only webcast
should go to our events and presentations on the investor website <FONT STYLE="color: Black">here (https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/i9azz8io)</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: blue">.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Use of Non-GAAP Financial <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.1pt">Information</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">In this press release, we have included non-GAAP financial
information, including one or more of adjusted operating income (loss), <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.35pt">adjusted operating margin,
</FONT>adjusted net income (loss), adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, adjusted diluted earnings (loss) per share, <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.5pt">and
</FONT>net debt. We believe that this non-GAAP financial information provides investors with an enhanced understanding of the underlying
operations of the business. For the periods presented, these non-GAAP financial measures have excluded certain expenses and income resulting
from items that we do not believe are representative of the underlying operations of the business. Items excluded include stock-based
compensation, amortization of intangibles related to acquisitions, other operating expenses, loss on equity securities, income taxes,
and the tax impact of the reconciling items. Management believes that this non-GAAP financial information is important in comparing current
results with prior period results and is useful to investors and financial analysts in assessing the Company&rsquo;s operating performance.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">Non-GAAP historical financial statement information included
herein is accompanied by a reconciliation to the nearest corresponding GAAP measure which is included as exhibits below in this press
release.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">With respect to non-GAAP forward-looking measures, we provide
an outlook for adjusted EBITDA margin. Many of the items that we exclude from this forward-looking measure calculation are less capable
of being controlled or reliably predicted by management. These items could cause the forward-looking measures presented in our outlook
statements to vary materially from our GAAP results.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10pt"></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">The non-GAAP financial information provided in this press
release should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, the financial information provided and presented in accordance with
GAAP and may be different than other companies&rsquo; non-GAAP financial information.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">About Harvard <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.1pt">Bioscience</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">Harvard Bioscience, Inc. is a leading developer, manufacturer
and seller of technologies, products and services that enable fundamental advances in life science applications, including research, pharmaceutical
and therapy discovery, bio-production and preclinical testing for pharmaceutical and therapy development. Our customers range from renowned
academic institutions and government laboratories to the world&rsquo;s leading pharmaceutical, biotechnology and contract research organizations.
With operations in the United States, Europe, and China, we sell through a combination of direct and distribution channels to customers
around the world.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">For more information, please visit our website
at www.harvardbioscience.com.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Forward-Looking <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.1pt">Statements</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">This document contains forward-looking statements within the
meaning of the federal securities laws, including the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may
be identified by the use of words such as &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;expect,&rdquo; &ldquo;plan,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo;
&ldquo;estimate,&rdquo; &ldquo;intend&rdquo; and similar expressions or statements that do not relate to historical matters. <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.1pt">Forward-looking
statements include, but are not limited to, information concerning expected future </FONT>financial and operational performance including
revenues, gross margins, earnings, cash and debt position, growth and the introduction of new products, and the strength of the Company&rsquo;s
market position and business model. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve known and unknown
uncertainties, risks, assumptions, and contingencies, many of which are outside the Company&rsquo;s control. Risks and other factors that
could cause the Company&rsquo;s actual results to differ materially from those described its forward-looking statements include those
described in the &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; section of the Company&rsquo;s most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as in
the Company&rsquo;s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements are based on the Company&rsquo;s
expectations and assumptions as of the date of this document. Except as required by law, the Company assumes no obligation to update forward-looking
statements to reflect any change in expectations, even as new information becomes available.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><B>Company Contact:</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">Jennifer Cote</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">Chief Financial Officer</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">(508) 893-3120</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><B>Investors Contact:</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">Three Part Advisors</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">Sandy Martin / Erol Girgin / William Shelmire</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">HBIO@threepa.com</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">(214) 616-2207</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; color: Red"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-top: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-top: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>HARVARD BIOSCIENCE,
    INC.</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>Consolidated Statements
    of Operations</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; background-color: white">&nbsp;<B>(unaudited, in
    thousands, except per share data)</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Three Months Ended</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">March 31, 2024</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">March 31, 2023</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 68%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Revenues</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">24,512</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">29,975</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Cost of revenues</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">9,740</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">11,629</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt">Gross profit</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">14,772</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">18,346</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Operating expenses:</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Sales and marketing expenses</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">5,904</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">5,978</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">General and administrative expenses</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">5,963</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">6,334</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Research and development expenses</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,885</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,897</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Amortization of intangible assets</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,333</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,388</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt">Other operating expenses</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">966</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total operating expenses</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">17,051</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">16,597</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Operating (loss) income</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(2,279</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,749</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Other (expense) income:</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Interest expense</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(751</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(974</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Loss on equity securities</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(1,312</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt">Other (expense) income, net</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(142</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">432</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total other expense</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(2,205</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(542</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">(Loss) income before income taxes</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(4,484</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,207</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Income tax expense</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">210</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">585</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">Net (loss) income</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(4,694</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">622</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">(Loss) income per common share:</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt; padding-left: 10pt">Basic</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(0.11</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">0.01</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt; padding-left: 10pt">Diluted</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(0.11</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">0.01</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Weighted-average common shares:</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt; padding-left: 10pt">Basic</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">43,402</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">42,119</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt; padding-left: 10pt">Diluted</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">43,402</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">42,783</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt; padding-left: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(unaudited, in thousands)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">March 31, 2024</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Assets</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; width: 68%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Cash and cash equivalents</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">4,255</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">4,283</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Accounts receivable, net</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">15,309</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">16,099</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt">Inventories</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">24,136</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">24,716</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other current assets</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">4,448</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">3,940</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 30pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Total current assets</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">48,148</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">49,038</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Property, plant and equipment</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">4,492</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">3,981</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Goodwill and other intangibles</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">71,377</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">73,101</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other long-term assets</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">9,144</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">11,246</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">Total assets</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">133,161</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">137,366</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Current portion, long-term debt</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">3,720</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">5,859</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other current liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">21,957</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">20,683</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 30pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Total current liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">25,677</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">26,542</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Long-term debt, net</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">31,890</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">30,704</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Other long-term liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">6,782</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">7,046</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Stockholders&rsquo; equity</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">68,812</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">73,074</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">Total liabilities and stockholders&rsquo; equity</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">133,161</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">137,366</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(unaudited, in thousands)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Three Months Ended</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">March 31, 2024</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">March 31, 2023</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Cash flows from operating activities:</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; width: 68%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Net (loss) income</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(4,694</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">622</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Adjustments to operating cash flows</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">4,389</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,486</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Changes in operating assets and liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,708</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(1,296</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Net cash provided by operating activities</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,403</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,812</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Cash flows from investing activities:</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Additions to property, plant and equipment</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(645</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(224</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Acquisition of intangible assets</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(75</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Proceeds from sale of product line</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">512</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Proceeds from sale of marketable equity securities</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">495</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(225</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">288</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Cash flows from financing activities:</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Borrowing from revolving line of credit</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,500</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,500</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Repayment of revolving line of credit</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(500</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(2,500</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Repayment of term debt</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(3,023</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(1,841</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options and purchases</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">15</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">104</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(47</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(156</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Net cash used in financing activities</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(1,055</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(2,893</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(151</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">74</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Decrease in cash and cash equivalents</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(28</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(719</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">4,283</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">4,508</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">4,255</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">3,789</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: White; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="8" STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-top: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="8" STYLE="vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures (unaudited)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="8" STYLE="vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands, except per share data and percentages)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Three Months Ended</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">March 31, 2024</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">March 31, 2023</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE=" vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 63%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">GAAP operating (loss) income</TD><TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 10%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(2,279</TD><TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 10%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,749</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Stock-based compensation</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,048</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,153</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Acquired asset depreciation &amp; amortization</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,339</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,401</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Other operating expenses (1)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">966</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt">Other adjustments</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">97</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">131</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">Adjusted operating income</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,171</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,434</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Operating margin</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(9.3</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">%)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">5.8</TD>
    <TD>%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Adjusted operating margin</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">4.8</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">14.8</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">GAAP net (loss) income</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(4,694</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">622</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Stock-based compensation</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,048</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,153</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Acquired asset depreciation &amp; amortization</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,339</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,401</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Other operating expenses (1)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">966</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Other adjustments</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">97</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">131</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Gain on sale of product line and dividend income</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(493</TD>
    <TD>)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Loss on equity securities</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,312</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt">Income taxes</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">627</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(340</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Adjusted net income</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">695</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,474</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Depreciation &amp; amortization</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">443</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">321</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Interest and other expense, net</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">893</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,036</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt">Adjusted income taxes (2)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(417</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">924</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">Adjusted EBITDA</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,614</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,755</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Adjusted EBITDA margin</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">6.6</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">15.9</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">Diluted (loss) earnings per share (GAAP)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(0.11</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">0.01</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">Diluted adjusted earnings per share</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">0.02</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">0.06</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Weighted-average common shares:</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt; padding-left: 10pt">Diluted GAAP</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">43,402</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">42,783</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt; padding-left: 10pt">Diluted Adjusted</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">44,693</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">42,783</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="10" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">(1) Other operating expenses include a $0.5 million commission fee paid in connection with the receipt of employee retention credits and an estimated loss of $0.5 million related to an unclaimed property audit.</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="10" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt">(2) Adjusted income taxes includes the tax effect of adjusting for the reconciling items using the tax rates in the jurisdictions in which the reconciling items arise.</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-top: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-top: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">March 31, 2024</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">March 31, 2023</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 53%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Debt, including unamortized deferred financing costs</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">35,610</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">36,563</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">44,053</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Unamortized deferred financing costs</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">490</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">560</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">770</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Cash and cash equivalents</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(4,255</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(4,283</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(3,789</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">Net debt</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">31,845</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">32,840</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">41,034</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt double; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<DOCUMENT>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:to="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Accounting Standard</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:to="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Reporting Standard Item Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Shell Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Public Float</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Bankruptcy Proceedings, Reporting Current</link:label>
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<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140412622577408">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 07, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">May  07,  2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-33957<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001123494<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">04-3306140<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">84 October Hill Road<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Holliston<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">MA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">01746<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(508)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">893-8999<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $0.01 par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">HBIO<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
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<tr>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<tr>
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<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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