<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001171843-25-005787.txt : 20250909
<SEC-HEADER>0001171843-25-005787.hdr.sgml : 20250909
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250909070038
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001171843-25-005787
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		15
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250905
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250909
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250909

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			HARVARD BIOSCIENCE INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001123494
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	LABORATORY ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS [3826]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	08 Industrial Applications and Services
		EIN:				043306140
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-33957
		FILM NUMBER:		251301637

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		84 OCTOBER HILL RD
		CITY:			HOLLISTON
		STATE:			MA
		ZIP:			01746
		BUSINESS PHONE:		5088938999

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		84 OCTOBER HILL ROAD
		CITY:			HOLLISTON
		STATE:			MA
		ZIP:			01746
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>8-K
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>f8k_090925.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM 8-K
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217" xmlns:ix="http://www.xbrl.org/2013/inlineXBRL" xmlns:ixt="http://www.xbrl.org/inlineXBRL/transformation/2015-02-26" xmlns:ixt-sec="http://www.sec.gov/inlineXBRL/transformation/2015-08-31" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2025" xmlns:us-roles="http://fasb.org/us-roles/2025" xmlns:country="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2025" xmlns:HBIO="http://harvardbioscience.com/20250905">
<head>
     <title></title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"/>
</head>
<!-- Field: Set; Name: xdx; ID: xdx_02E_US%2DGAAP%2D2025 -->
<!-- Field: Set; Name: xdx; ID: xdx_030_HBIO_harvardbioscience.com_20250905 -->
<!-- Field: Set; Name: xdx; ID: xdx_04F_20250905_20250905 -->
<!-- Field: Set; Name: xdx; ID: xdx_059_edei%2D%2DAmendmentFlag_false -->
<!-- Field: Set; Name: xdx; ID: xdx_051_edei%2D%2DEntityCentralIndexKey_0001123494 -->
<!-- Field: Set; Name: xdx; ID: xdx_06B_USD_1_iso4217%2D%2DUSD -->
<!-- Field: Set; Name: xdx; ID: xdx_062_Shares_2_xbrli%2D%2Dshares -->
<!-- Field: Set; Name: xdx; ID: xdx_06D_USDPShares_3_iso4217%2D%2DUSD_xbrli%2D%2Dshares -->
<body style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<div style="display: none">
<ix:header>
 <ix:hidden>
  <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000003" name="dei:AmendmentFlag">false</ix:nonNumeric>
  <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000004" name="dei:EntityCentralIndexKey">0001123494</ix:nonNumeric>
  </ix:hidden>
 <ix:references>
  <link:schemaRef xlink:href="hbio-20250905.xsd" xlink:type="simple"/>
  </ix:references>
 <ix:resources>
    <xbrli:context id="AsOf2025-09-05">
      <xbrli:entity>
        <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001123494</xbrli:identifier>
      </xbrli:entity>
      <xbrli:period>
        <xbrli:startDate>2025-09-05</xbrli:startDate>
        <xbrli:endDate>2025-09-05</xbrli:endDate>
      </xbrli:period>
    </xbrli:context>
    <xbrli:unit id="USD">
      <xbrli:measure>iso4217:USD</xbrli:measure>
    </xbrli:unit>
    <xbrli:unit id="Shares">
      <xbrli:measure>xbrli:shares</xbrli:measure>
    </xbrli:unit>
    <xbrli:unit id="USDPShares">
      <xbrli:divide>
        <xbrli:unitNumerator>
          <xbrli:measure>iso4217:USD</xbrli:measure>
        </xbrli:unitNumerator>
        <xbrli:unitDenominator>
          <xbrli:measure>xbrli:shares</xbrli:measure>
        </xbrli:unitDenominator>
      </xbrli:divide>
    </xbrli:unit>
  </ix:resources>
 </ix:header>
</div>


<p style="margin: 0"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">_________________</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>FORM <span id="xdx_907_edei--DocumentType_c20250905__20250905_zqeWustUcVo5"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000009" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">_________________</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): <span id="xdx_90C_edei--DocumentPeriodEndDate_c20250905__20250905_ztGQHxUU3kyl"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" id="Fact000010" name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate">September 5, 2025</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">_______________________________</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><img src="logo2.jpg" alt=""/>&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; color: Red"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b><span id="xdx_909_edei--EntityRegistrantName_c20250905__20250905_zaQoD1ob1Sz5"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000011" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName">HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">______________________________</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: center; width: 33%"><b><span id="xdx_907_edei--EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_c20250905__20250905_zrkP7DSt7RY8"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" format="ixt-sec:stateprovnameen" id="Fact000012" name="dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">Delaware</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; width: 34%"><b><span id="xdx_90E_edei--EntityFileNumber_c20250905__20250905_zHrcuW0mD9mi"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000013" name="dei:EntityFileNumber">001-33957</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; width: 33%"><b><span id="xdx_90F_edei--EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_c20250905__20250905_zVkpFGuy7pJ9"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000014" name="dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">04-3306140</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: center">(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">(Commission File Number)</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b><span id="xdx_90B_edei--EntityAddressAddressLine1_c20250905__20250905_zzCnVK538Kak"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000015" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1">84 October Hill Road</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b><span id="xdx_906_edei--EntityAddressCityOrTown_c20250905__20250905_zze9sm22Yral"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000016" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown">Holliston</ix:nonNumeric></span>, <span id="xdx_90C_edei--EntityAddressStateOrProvince_c20250905__20250905_zffJw2SfVAq7"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000017" name="dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince">MA</ix:nonNumeric></span> <span id="xdx_903_edei--EntityAddressPostalZipCode_c20250905__20250905_z1lV8xDNanbe"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000018" name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode">01746</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b><span id="xdx_902_edei--CityAreaCode_c20250905__20250905_zNMkgncBh4z9"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000019" name="dei:CityAreaCode">(508)</ix:nonNumeric></span> <span id="xdx_901_edei--LocalPhoneNumber_c20250905__20250905_zZQOEFgdMeyc"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000020" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber">893-8999</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">____________________________</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy
the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0"/>
    <td style="width: 0.5in"><span id="xdx_90B_edei--WrittenCommunications_c20250905__20250905_zAGmLH1ymaUe"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000021" name="dei:WrittenCommunications">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td>
    <td>Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0"/>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.5in"><span id="xdx_90C_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20250905__20250905_zql3xkB5dZ78"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000022" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0"/>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.5in"><span id="xdx_90C_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20250905__20250905_zf4ODPwcUb4i"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000023" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0"/>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.5in"><span id="xdx_90A_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20250905__20250905_zr6mmRK2yGAj"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000024" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Title of each class</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Trading Symbol(s)</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Name of each exchange on which registered</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span id="xdx_906_edei--Security12bTitle_c20250905__20250905_z5JD5o6NxR72"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000025" name="dei:Security12bTitle">Common Stock, $0.01 par value</ix:nonNumeric></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span id="xdx_90C_edei--TradingSymbol_c20250905__20250905_zJAV99bbShw3"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000026" name="dei:TradingSymbol">HBIO</ix:nonNumeric></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span id="xdx_907_edei--SecurityExchangeName_c20250905__20250905_zTtcHx5eQ9nk"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen" id="Fact000027" name="dei:SecurityExchangeName">The NASDAQ Stock Market</ix:nonNumeric></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule
405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2
of this chapter).</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">Emerging growth company <span id="xdx_907_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20250905__20250905_z0PstcBW36qd"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000028" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use
the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a)
of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 4pt solid; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 5.02. Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment
of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On September 5, 2025, the Board of Directors (the &#8220;Board&#8221;)
of Harvard Bioscience, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) appointed Stephen DeNelsky to serve as a member of the Board, effective September
5, 2025. Mr. DeNelsky will serve as a Class I director with a term that will expire at the Company&#8217;s 2028 annual meeting of stockholders.
Mr. DeNelsky was also appointed to serve as a member of the Nominating &amp; Governance Committee of the Board.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Mr. DeNelsky, age 57, is a Managing Director at Oaktree
Capital Management, a position he has held since 2022. Mr. DeNelsky was previously a Managing Director at Marathon Asset Management from
2019 to 2022 and President at Life Sciences Alternative Funding from 2011 to 2019. Mr. DeNelsky also currently serves on the board of
directors of Visioncare Inc and previously served on the boards of Integrated Diagnostics and AMICAS, Inc. Mr. DeNelsky possesses thirty
years of experience in the research, analysis, and valuation of public and private equities in the healthcare industry and has worked
across several major sub-sectors of healthcare, including life sciences, pharmaceuticals, devices and services. Mr. DeNelsky earned his
B.A. in Economics from the American University and his M.B.A. from the University of Maryland.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">There is no arrangement between Mr. DeNelsky and any
person pursuant to which he was selected as a director, and there is no family relationship between Mr. DeNelsky and any other director
or executive officer of the Company.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In connection with his service on the Board, Mr. DeNelsky
will receive standard compensation for non-employee directors of the Board at an approximate value of $135,000, to be composed of (i)
an equity award of 110,000 restricted stock units and (ii) an annual cash retainer of $91,000.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 7.01. Regulation FD Disclosure.</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On September 9, 2025, the Company issued a press release
in connection with the appointment of Mr. DeNelsky to the Board. A copy of the press release is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">The information in Item 7.01 of this Form 8-K, including Exhibit 99.1 attached
hereto, shall not be deemed &#8220;filed&#8221; for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange
Act&#8221;), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under
the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></p>


<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>(d) Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 10%"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Exhibit Number</span></b></td>
    <td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 88%"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Description</span></b></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><a href="exh_991.htm">99.1</a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="exh_991.htm">Press Release dated September 9, 2025</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>104</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the XBRL document)</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>


<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 4pt solid; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURE</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3"><b>HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.</b></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="width: 50%">Date: September 9, 2025</td>
    <td style="width: 5%">By: </td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 45%">/s/ Mark Frost</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">Mark Frost </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">Interim Chief Financial Officer</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&#160;</p>



<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<!-- Field: Set; Name: xdx; ID: xdx_08B_extensions -->
<!-- eJxFjd0KwjAMhZ9g7xB6LbMb/uAuHSriFBki3laXSXFrRlqnPpJvad0QQyAk53w5QgzEipa6QobTPM/ggHVTKYeQY4mM5oLeka43CfiZ41Vbx8q4bv2BKXkGPTMJo7O/d85WWywSkLOhnA7jMchRMo5hvxXBV0/JlLpA47SqQJkC9kwNa3SKX/2Hg3qSofrVJR2RrSaTQBTKXn5DLKMYdtSqB/HNQpalIhh0FYgV073xrsXTofmSsKiw9nG2p/8dfADPskpj -->
</body>
</html>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>exh_991.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 99.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; color: Red"><IMG SRC="logo.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 91px; width: 200px">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; color: Red"></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; color: Red">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 16pt">Harvard Bioscience Announces Appointment of Stephen DeNelsky
to Board of Directors</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">-</TD><TD><I>Veteran life sciences industry financing leader appointed as new Board member</I></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">HOLLISTON, Mass., September 9, 2025&nbsp;(GLOBE NEWSWIRE) --&nbsp;Harvard Bioscience, Inc.&nbsp;(Nasdaq:
HBIO) (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo; or &ldquo;Harvard Bioscience&rdquo;) today announced the appointment of Stephen DeNelsky to its Board
of Directors, effective September 5, 2025. Mr. DeNelsky will also serve on the Board&rsquo;s Nominating and Governance Committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;We are pleased to announce Steve as the newest member of our Board of Directors at such
an important time for Harvard Bioscience,&rdquo; said John Duke, President &amp; CEO. &ldquo;His knowledge across the verticals we operate
in, as well as his expertise in guiding life sciences companies on financial strategy will be invaluable as we move forward.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;I&rsquo;m honored to join the Board and look forward to contributing to thoughtful governance
and long-term value creation at Harvard Bioscience,&rdquo; said Mr. DeNelsky.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">Mr. DeNelsky possesses 30 years of experience in the research, analysis, and valuation of public
and private equities in the healthcare industry. He currently serves as Managing Director at Oaktree Capital Management and has held senior
roles at Marathon Asset Management and Life Sciences Alternative Funding. He has worked across all major sub-sectors of healthcare, including
life sciences, pharmaceuticals, devices and services. Mr. DeNelsky also brings strong board experience and currently serves on the board
of Visioncare Inc and previously served on the boards of Integrated Diagnostics and AMICAS, Inc. Mr. DeNelsky received a B.A. in Economics
from the American University and an M.B.A. from the University of Maryland.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;We are thrilled that Steve has joined Harvard Bioscience&rsquo;s Board and we are already
benefiting from his extensive life sciences lending expertise&rdquo; said Katherine Eade, Lead Independent Director.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>About</B>&nbsp;<B>Harvard</B>&nbsp;<B>Bioscience</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">Harvard Bioscience, Inc. is a leading developer, manufacturer and seller of technologies, products
and services that enable fundamental advances in life science applications, including research, drug and therapy discovery, bio-production
and preclinical testing for pharmaceutical and therapy development. Our customers range from renowned academic institutions and government
laboratories to the world&rsquo;s leading pharmaceutical, biotechnology and contract research organizations. With operations in the United
States, Europe, and China, we sell through a combination of direct and distribution channels to customers around the world.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">For more information, please visit our website at&nbsp;www.harvardbioscience.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Forward-Looking</B>&nbsp;<B>Statements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">This document contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities
laws, including the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words
such as &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;expect,&rdquo; &ldquo;plan,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo; &ldquo;estimate,&rdquo;
&ldquo;intend,&rdquo; &ldquo;believe&rdquo; and similar expressions or statements that do not relate to historical matters. Forward-looking
statements include, but are not limited to, information concerning expected future financial and operational performance including revenue
and gross margin, and matters relating to the Company&rsquo;s ability to continue as a going concern, fund its operations, or refinance
outstanding indebtedness. Forward-looking statements do not guarantee future performance and involve known and unknown uncertainties,
risks, assumptions, and contingencies, many of which are outside the Company&rsquo;s control. Risks and other factors that could cause
the Company&rsquo;s actual results to differ materially from those described in its forward-looking statements include those described
in the &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; section of the Company&rsquo;s most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as in the Company&rsquo;s
other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements are based on the Company&rsquo;s expectations and
assumptions as of the date of this document. Except as required by law, the Company assumes no obligation to update forward-looking statements
to reflect any change in expectations, even as new information becomes available.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Investor Inquiries:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">(508) 893-3120<BR>
investors@harvardbioscience.com</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>logo.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 logo.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! 0$ W #<  #_VP!#  ," @," @,# P,$ P,$!0@%!00$
M!0H'!P8(# H,# L*"PL-#A(0#0X1#@L+$!80$1,4%145# \7&!84&!(4%13_
MVP!# 0,$! 4$!0D%!0D4#0L-%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04
M%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!3_P  1" "^ :$# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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M3R/QJ'"4=T:1G&6S.THI <@&EJ"PHHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@
MHHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "B
MBB@ HHHH **** "BBF22"-2QZ"@!S':*\?\ C3^TSX2^#MN\-W<#4=9(/EZ=
M:L&<'_;/\(^M>/?M._MACP]+=>%_!-PLNHC,=SJ2\K#V*IZM[]J^&[R]N-2N
MYKN[FDN;J5B\DTK;F9CU)-=5.CS:R.6I6Y=$>Q?%/]K+QW\3))85OWT+26)
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M@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH ****
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M@!#VK\LOVG/^2[^,?^OUJ_4T]J_++]IS_DN_C'_K]:MJ/Q'-6V/+Z***[3E
M]*_2#]B3_DA5C_U^3_S%?F^>E?I!^Q)_R0JQ_P"OR?\ F*YZWPF]'XF>8_\
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M3_T 5]<;J\^I\3.^G\(QH@P(/(/7-?#W[=7P@TKPXNF>,=)M8[-[NX-K>I$
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M5?$6G$DX ^T+_C731R+*@=6#*PR".XK\:].!_M"VY_Y:K_,5^POAP8T#3?\
MKVB_] %9S@H&M.;F:5%%(2!U.*R-A&;;4-U>PV<#3331PQKRSR,%4#W)KQGX
MZ_M1>'OA!"UG'MU?7RN4L8FX3W=NWTZU\(_$SX\>,?BI=2-JVJRQV1;*6%L3
M'"H]"!U_&M8TY2U,95%$^_/&/[5?PZ\%RR0W.OQ7MRAVF&Q4S,#Z'' KR_5?
M^"@_ABW=EL/#VIW6.CR%$!_7-?".*",UNJ,48.M)GVY#_P %#],\P>;X4NPG
M^Q,I-=;H'[>/@'59$2^M]1TC=@;IH@ZC_ODFOSUQ2T_918>UD?KAX.^*OA;Q
MY$)-#URSO\]4CE&\>Q7K76;QG@BOQKT_4;O2;I+FQNIK.Y0Y66!RC#\17TK\
M&?VV-=\*20:;XO#:YI@(478XGB'O_>%8RHM;&JK)[GZ T5A>$?&ND>.=$@U;
M1;V*]LI@"KQMDCV(['VK=K Z-PHHHH **** "O'_ -K'PJWB[X$^)K6/'G6\
M(O4R,G,3!\#W(4C\:]@JIJ-@FI64]K* T4R-&ZL,@@C!IIV:9,E=-'Y3?LX7
M8LOCEX+D9Q&O]HQ*S$\ $XK]8U^Z*_(OQIX<N/A)\7KW39"\1TK40\;C[QB#
MAE8?\!(K]9]#U2'6]%L-1MSF"[@2=#_LLH(_G737UM(YZ&ET7JX/XZ_\D>\7
M?]@^3^5=Y7!_'7_DCWB[_L'R?RKF6Z.E['Y/'K24IZTE>D>:%/AF:WGCE3&Y
M&##/J#3**0'MZ_ME?%!1C^U[<_\ ;LM+_P -F?%#_H+V_P#X#+7A]%+E78KF
M?<]P_P"&S/BA_P!!>W_\!EH_X;,^*'_07M__  &6O#Z*.5=@YGW/</\ ALOX
MH?\ 07M__ 9:\C\4^);_ ,9>(KW6]4E6:_O)#),ZKM#,>^*RZ*$DM@;;W"BB
MBJ) ]*_2#]B3_DA5C_U^3_S%?F^>E?I!^Q)_R0JQ_P"OR?\ F*YZWPF]'XF>
M8_\ !0__ %7A'ZS?TKXMK[2_X*'_ .J\(_6;^E?%M72^$FI\04445J9'HOPM
M^/?BWX/6-Y:>')[:&*[D$LOGP"0D@8&,]*[C_AM_XI?\_P!IW_@$M>!45#BG
MK8I2:V9[9K7[8WQ1UFQ>V.LPV8<8,MI;+'(/H>U>.:GJ5WK.H3WU]<275W.V
M^2:5BS,?4DU6HII); Y-[A1THK3\-:=8ZOKMG9ZGJ2:/8RR!9;UXS((E]=HY
M-42;?PJ^&>J?%CQC9Z'IT+LCN&N)U'RPQ]V)K]5?!OABR\'>&=-T;3T$=I90
MK$@ ZX'4_6N!_9[\">"O!OA&(>#KNVU6.8 SZC&X>29O]K'*_P"[QBO6:X:D
M^9V.VG#E05\N?\% ?^28:+_V$U_]%M7U'7RY_P % ?\ DF&B_P#837_T6U3#
MXD54^%GP)1117>C@+&G?\A"V_P"NJ_S%?L+X=_Y &F_]>T7_ * *_'K3O^0A
M;?\ 75?YBOV%\._\@#3?^O:+_P! %<M;='50V9H9KYQ_:L_:37X7Z7_8.AR(
M_B6[0Y<'/V5#_$?]KTKV#XK>/K3X9>!M4\0W9!6TB)CC)P9)#PJCZFORF\6>
M*+_QIXDO]:U.8S7EY(9'8G.,G@#V%33AS.[*JSY=$9][>W.IWDMW=SO<7,S%
MY)9&+,Q/4DU#117:<844C$@<#)KO?"'P)\?>.[:.YT;PS>3VKD 3S 0H01G(
M+D9'N*3:6XTF]C@Z*]JU/]CSXI:;;+*NA1WA/6.VN$++]<D5Y3XD\*ZUX0U!
MK'6M+N=,N02-ES&5S]#T(]QFDI)[#::W,N@\TF32U1)Z3\$/CAK'P8\2Q7-K
M(]QI$S@7=@6^5USR1Z,*_3GP9XQTWQWX=LM;TF=;BQND#HP/(]0?0CI7X^FO
MIK]BCXR/X5\7?\(AJ,Y_LK56S;[CQ%/[>@8<?7ZUSU877,C>G.SLS]!**0=!
M2UR'8%%%% !1110!\3_M]_"=G6P\>6$!;9BSO]@_A_@<_0\?B*]D_8Z\?#QO
M\%]+CDE,EYI6;*;<?FP.4/Y''X5ZWXL\+6/C/P[J&BZE")K*]A:&53Z$8KXQ
M_9\DO_V<?V@]4^'^M.RZ=JYQ:3L/EE.28G'N1E3Z&NA>_3Y>J.=^Y-/HS[F'
M-<)\=?\ DCWB[_L'R?RKND.5!KA?CK_R1[Q=_P!@^3^58+=&[V/R>/6DI3UI
M*](\T***<B-(ZHBEG8X"J,DGVI -HKNO^%$_$?\ Z$7Q!_X+I?\ XFC_ (43
M\1O^A%\0_P#@ME_^)I70[,X6BNZ_X43\1O\ H1?$/_@ME_\ B:/^%$_$;_H1
M?$/_ (+9?_B:=T%F<+17=?\ "B?B-_T(OB'_ ,%LO_Q-<AJVDWV@ZE/I^I6D
MUA?0-LEMKA"DB'T*GD&BZ"S14HHHIB ]*_2#]B3_ )(58_\ 7Y/_ #%?F^>E
M?I!^Q)_R0JQ_Z_)_YBN>M\)O1^)GF/\ P4/_ -5X1^LW]*^+:^TO^"A_^J\(
M_6;^E?%M72^$FI\04445J9!17=_#GX(>,_BQ:7=UX8TE=1@M9!'*QN8HMK$9
M P[#/%=A_P ,;?%S_H5T_P#!C;?_ !RIYDNI2BWT/%**]I?]CCXN(I/_  BR
MMCG U&VS_P"C*X/QE\)/&?P^1I/$/AK4-,@#!3<R1;H<^GF+E3^!H4D^H.+7
M0Y*@]*!R**HDZ?P!\3/$?PPUF+4M U&6TD4_/%G,<@]&7H17Z-?L^?'_ $SX
MV>'RR(MGK=J +RR+=/\ ;7U4U^7U=?\ "3XBWOPK\>:9K]G*42&0+<1CI+"3
MAU(R,\<CW K&I!25S6G-Q=C];Z^7/^"@/_),-%_[":_^BVKZ5T74X=:TJTO[
M=P]O<QK*C YR",BOFK_@H#_R3#1?^PFO_HMJY8?$CJJ?"SX$HHHKO1P%C3O^
M0A;?]=5_F*_83P[_ ,@#3?\ KUB_] %?CWIW_(0MO^NJ_P Q7[">'?\ D :;
M_P!>L7_H KEK[HZJ&S/CG]O_ ,=R-+H?A&&7$>#>W*JW4]$!'YG\*^. #7L/
M[6>NMKOQW\1$L62T9+5#[*H/\R:\?K>"M%&$W>3"D)QCC.:6O6_V6?A[%\2/
MC#I5K<Q^;86&;ZX7&0P0C:I^K%>/3-6W97$E=V/H/]EO]DVRL=-L_%?C*T6Y
MU*=1-::;.N4MU/*LZ]V/7';ZU]=P6Z6\2QHJJJ\ *, 4L4:HB!0  , "I*\^
M4G+5G=&*BM!, ]JYCQY\.=!^(^C3:;KVGPWMNX(!=?G0^JMU!]Q744A&14K3
M8IJ^Y^6O[0/P+O\ X)>*A;$R7>BW>7LKLKU'=&]&'ZUY97ZB?M-?#:/XD_"C
M6+5(!+J%G&;NT/ (D09QD],C(-?EUDCJ,'TKNIRYHG%4CRL6I]/OI]*O[:]M
MI#%<6\BRQNO564Y!_,5!0>AK4R/UQ^%7BY/'?P_T+7492;VT21PIR%?'S#\#
MFNMKYP_82\1/J_P7-BZ_\@R^EMP3U(;$@_\ 0\5]'UYTE9M'HQ=TF%%%%24%
M%%% !7CG[17P-B^+7AR*XL76S\3Z8WGZ;>#@AP<["?0D#\:]CI" W4 _6FFT
M[H32>C/-?@;\1I_'OA58]4A:S\2:8WV/5+.0_/',HQNQZ-U!J_\ '7_DCWB[
M_L'R?RJ?7O!!@\3Q^*-& M]6"B*ZB!VI>Q?W7_VAU#?A53XV.7^#'BMF!5CI
MTA(/4<4]Y)BZ6/RB/6DI3UI*]$\X*M:1_P ABS_Z[)_,55JUI'_(8LO^NR?S
M%2]BENC]D8Q\M.Q38_NT^O./1$Q1BEHH$-(K\LOVFQ_Q??QA_P!?K5^IQ[5^
M67[3G_)=_&/_ %^M6U'XCGK;(\OHHHKM.4#TK](/V)/^2%6/_7Y/_,5^;YZ5
M^D'[$G_)"K'_ *_)_P"8KGK?";T?B9YC_P %#_\ 5>$?K-_2OBVOM+_@H?\
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M"11*$11V &!7S)_P4!_Y)AHO_837_P!%M7#%WFF=LU:%CX$HHHKN1PEC3O\
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MX>^$.@KI^C6W[U@#/=R<RS-ZD_TKOJXIU.?3H=D*?+N%%%%9&P4444 %%%%
M!1110 5G>(M LO%.B7FDZC$9K&[C,4T88KN4]1D<BM&B@#PS_AB[X3G_ )E^
M;\;^?_XNC_ABWX3_ /0O3?\ @?/_ /%U[G15<TNY')'L>&?\,6_"?_H7IO\
MP/G_ /BZD@_8T^%5M-'+'X?F#HP92;Z<X(_X'7M]%'-+N')'L,C38,"GT45)
M84444 %>1>*_V5?AOXT\0WNM:MHLMQJ-XYDFE6\F0,Q[X# "O7:*:;6PFD]S
MPS_ABWX3_P#0O3?^!\__ ,71_P ,6_"?_H7IO_ ^?_XNO<Z*?-+N3R1['AG_
M  Q;\)_^A?F_\#Y__BZ]/\!_#[1/AKH$>BZ!;-::=&[2+$TC2$,>O+$FNDHI
M-M[C44MCA/B5\%?"?Q;-F?$VGO??9,^2$G>+;GK]TC-</_PQ;\)_^A>F_P#
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H0?H*]BAM8[>-4C4(BC 4# %345FVWN6DEL%%%%(H**** "BBB@#_V0$!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>logo2.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 logo2.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! 0$ > !X  #_VP!#  ," @," @,# P,$ P,$!0@%!00$
M!0H'!P8(# H,# L*"PL-#A(0#0X1#@L+$!80$1,4%145# \7&!84&!(4%13_
MVP!# 0,$! 4$!0D%!0D4#0L-%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04
M%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!3_P  1" !R 8H# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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M@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH KW5U%96\MQ,ZQPQ*7DD<X55'))/L*_+[]J_\
M:.NOC;XNETS3IFB\(:9(R6\2'BZD'!E;U'H*^H?V]/C#+X&^'D7A;39_*U7Q
M 3&[H>8[<?>/X\"OST\/>'[_ ,3ZYIVB:3 ;C4;Z5+>WB4=6)QD^P%4EIJ1)
MG0_"SX5:_P#&7Q;!H'A^#>_#W-VP_<6J=W8_R%?IU\#/V=O"OP-TA8=,MA>:
MS*H^UZO.H,TS8YP?X1["I?V?_@AIGP,\"VVD6B)-JDP$NHWVWYIY2.?P'0"O
M*_VT?CSXO^",OAA?"MQ;6ZW_ )GGB> 29(Z$9I E;4^H]G/>@( <\U^8O_#>
M'Q=_Z".G?^ *4?\ #>'Q=_Z".G?^ *46#F1^G>[''?THC8L.1BOFW]B[XU>*
M_C;H'B2[\4W-O<36-XD,'V>$1X4H"<X]Z^DT!YS^5(K<=4;1Y/6I*0J#UH&,
MZG(STZ5SWB+P'I?B*]MM1>'[-K%J<V^HV_RRI[$]Q[&OBK]H;]KSXD?#GXR>
M(_#FB7ME%I=FR"%9;5789'<FO._^&\/B[_T$=-'_ &Y+3Y63S(_3BW22*)1*
MXD<#YF P"?6I W)'I7Y@R?MX_%U49AJ6G# S_P >*&O8/BS^U+\0/"7P@^&G
MB'3;RT34M<A=[V22V5@Q'3 [4^5AS(^W\^QHS[&OS"_X;O\ BY_T$=._\ EH
M_P"&[_BY_P!!'3O_  "6CE8<R/T^HK\P?^&[_B[_ -!'3O\ P"6G1_MY_%R,
MY-]ILGL;)11RL.9'Z=,^T$XS[4BON^O?%?F[I_\ P4)^)=NZ?:K#1[U01D>6
M4R/PKU?P+_P4<T6^NDM_%WAV;1@QQ]KLW\V)?<@\TN5AS(^S0?:EK$\)>--$
M\=:+#JV@ZC!J=A*,K- ^<>Q'4'V-;0.1FD4+12$@=>*,T +12$@4;A@GTH 6
MBDSQ0&!Z&@!:*** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH *
M0G%&>:"0* #/M2TF<TF\>A_*@#\K?VR/&<GC3]H+7E\S-MI!73H5!R 5^\1]
M37L/_!/#X3PW^HZK\0;^$/\ 9R;'3MXSM8CYW'X'%?(GC;5Y->\4Z]J?6:]N
MY)A[ECQ7ZQ?LY^"8O 'P6\*:4J!'^Q)/+QR7D&\_SJWHC-*YZ.ISGG//%?#G
M_!2S_CX\#_6:ON9?U]:^&O\ @I7_ *[P1_O2U,=2WL?$U%%%:F!]Y?\ !-7_
M )%/QI_V$(__ $6*^S%KXT_X)J_\BEXS_P"PA'_Z+%?9M9,W6P4444AGY/?M
M??\ )R'C#_>C_E7CXZ5[!^U]_P G(^,/]^/^5>0&M5L8O<CF_P!4_P#NFOHO
MX_?\F[?!7_KWEKYTG_U+_P"Z:^C/C_\ \F[?!3_KWEI!8^=Z**,9P*:)"BN^
M\!_ 3Q]\3=&_M?PUH#ZGIH<Q><KJ/F'7&371/^R%\7XQN/@Z<X/(29#Q^?6B
MX['C]'U'YUI^(_#.L^#M4?3==TRXTF_3/^CW*%21ZJ>A%9E 'H?P/^..O? C
MQ3'JNERM-I,C[=0TUB?*F3/)5>S=P:_6'P3XNT[QYX5TW7])F\ZPOX5FC;N,
M]0?<'BOQ:')K]!/^"<OBV34_AOKOA^65F_LN]W0@]%1QDC\\U#5BXNY]=L?R
M%? G[>WCSQ-X7^+>B6VBZ_?Z7;/IQ>2*UF**3N'.*^^D[G&,U^=/_!17_DL6
M@\D?\2P\C_>%$=RI;'T3^PCXBU7Q-\$OMFL:E<:K=B^E43W#[WV\8&:^C .<
M]<=J^8/^"?,J)\!\$JK_ -H2Y!8>W-?3:W$9.?-0\] PI-:@F?E'\<OBKXUT
M[XM>-+2S\6:K;6D&HRI%%'<$*JAN !Z5^H?P^GDN/ ^@332&662P@=Y&Y+$H
M,DGUK\E/CZX'QF\='&0=2FP1T/S&OUE^'^3X!\,@?] ^#I_US6AJP)W.FR*6
MOD?]I']MRW^&^LW7ACP9;1ZKKT!*75],<P6S_P!P#^)AZ=!7RE<_M9?&'6;X
MW$/BR^#@Y,5A"3$OU !XHL%S]9:*_/;X3_\ !0+Q!I\5QIWC>**_!A=;?5+>
M+9)%+M.T21]U)QS6Q\ ?VROB)\1OB[H'AO65TS^S[V1TE\B#8V N1@YIV!,^
M\*,U\U_MD_'SQ3\"K'PS-X9^R%M0FDCF^UQ[Q@ 8_G7S/X@_;[^(FI>#(].A
M>STW6GE8S:I!" %C_A5%SU]Z5@;L?I9FC-?*7P\^)OQ$O_V.U\9Z???VKXKM
M1+</+J,>[SHD8[AM]=H_2O.O@%^W%XM\:?%31-#\6_V<FDZD?LZO;Q;&CF(^
M4D_@118&[*Y]YTA.*B(SR.W7VKXN_:C_ &QO%'PR^*4WACPD;!K>QMU-X]U#
MO/FGG:/PQ18;=C[6S2UXA^SE\2_$OBSX0/XW^(%Q9V,4Q>>)HH_*2.W7^-OK
M7S1\9?\ @H)KNJZA<67P^AATO28F*_VI=INEGP>JJ?N@^M%@;/T&I,U^3EA^
MUE\8K*Y34%\5:A/&.=MS;F2 ^QXQ7L;_ /!0WQ!>_#=UAL;2S\;13*%D,?F6
M]Q%GYB%[,/2BPN8_0#.:6OF#]C;]H7Q9\<Y_$R>)OL8&G>7Y(M(O+/S$YS^5
M>9_M$?MB_$+X8_%_7/#6B_V9_9MF$\HSVVYP6&>3GFBP[GW5FEK\Q_'O[;WQ
M \9^(-*BT6_;PW8*84DBM5_>W#G =CU.,YX]*^]O'_Q:T/X2?#V/Q+XDO#%#
MY$?EQ]9;F4J"$5>Y)I!<] _BI). .<>]?F;\1_V\?B)XLOI!H,D?A73,D10P
MKYEP1V);U^@KG= _;%^+WA+4(KBY\03ZC'D$VVK6Y*2#T!(&*=A7OH=G^VM\
M1?%OASX\ZK9:1XDU+3+)+*!EMX)BL88J<D"HM'^)/B-](L6D\4ZH9# A8^>>
M3M&:\F^//Q53XT>.Y?%2V#:<\UI%!-;%MVV15.X@]P:Z[1Q_Q*+'_K@G_H(K
M1&=SRBTTTGQI9Z=.IW'4X8'7_MHM?M#IEJMGIMI;J,+%"D8'L !7Y,_%_0O^
M$'_:7UBSD7RX8M>CN$R,8C:12#]*_6BPG6YL;>9#N22-7!'<$9J&[E1+%?#'
M_!2O_7>"/]Z6ON8'-?#/_!2O_7>"/]Z6E$J6Q\34445J9'WE_P $UR1X1\:$
M<_\ $QC&._\ JQ7V8ISWS7Y1? C]IO7/@!INJ66D:3::DFHSK/(UPQ!4A<8%
M>I?\/'?&B\?\(OI9_P"VC?XUG9FB:/T-I,U^>?\ P\>\:?\ 0KZ7_P!_&_QH
M_P"'CWC3_H5]+_[^-_C1RLJZ/+/VO<G]H_Q?T!+IC)]J\?/![_C73?$WQ_=?
M%+QUJGBF_MH[*ZORI>&+E5P.U<S6BV,7N1S_ .I?_=-?1G[0'_)N_P %/^O>
M6OG2;_4R?[IKZ+^/_P#R;M\%/^O>6IL-=3YWI#_]:EHIDV/T:_X)X(%^!LN,
MC_B8R<BOJ G:#D@?6OR[^!O[7.N? OP>WAW3M!L]2@,[3^?+(58Y[&O0&_X*
M.^+'X_X1'3LXX)F/!J6F:J21Z?\ \%&=(TN;X7Z1JLT4::Q#?K%;2X&]E*G<
MON.]?GT.>V.*[[XO_'#Q7\;]9BOO$ES&(;8$6MC;+MAASU..Y]ZX$FJ1G*S
M#GK_ (U]V?\ !-G1YXO#?C#577;;SWB1)[D*,U\2^&/#&I^-O$-EH.AVKWNJ
M7KA(8HUR5SQN;T ZU^MOP-^$]I\'/AKH_AJV*O+;Q[[F9?\ EK.W+M^9J9,J
M".^0YSV-?G3_ ,%%AGXPZ%_V##_Z$*_1=1MZG/O7YT?\%%?^2Q:#D9_XEAZ_
M[PI1+EL?/WANV\<S:9O\.1>(&TW=RVF"4Q;^_P!WBM867Q8SD0>,=_3 6?/M
M7W)_P3V^;X"\X/\ Q,)>H^E?3BH,A@!^5#>I*AU/Q&U@7:7%TNH"87P;]^+D
M$2!^^[/.:_5;Q_XYF^''[+[Z];,5N[?1(E@..CM& #7YM_'_ /Y+-X['_42E
M_P#0C7Z%?&WP_<^)_P!C^\L[-/,G71(90@ZD*BDX]\4WN$=+GY[?!'X;7/QG
M^*6E>'9+AP+R1KB^NFY8H#N<Y]3T_&OU9\(?"GPCX'T6#3-'T"RMK6)/+SY*
MEV'JS$9/XU^9O[)'Q"T_X=?'#0]1U27[/IMU&UE).PXB9ONY]!G%?JXDJ3JL
MD3"2-ERKJ<J1Z@TF..I\N_M??LT>'O%'@/4_%.AZ=#I7B+2HC<%K5 BW*#[R
M,!QGOFOD+]D7$G[1/@YL9R\A_P#':_07]J/XB:;\._@SXAFO9E6[O;=K6TML
M_--(W& /SK\^OV0E*?M#^# >N^3./]VG'84MSZ+_ ."E8/\ 9O@CM_I$X!]]
MHXKC?V"?@KH'Q#U+7O$_B"RBU*/3)([>VM+A=R*Y&2Y'?&,<UV7_  4L_P"0
M;X(_Z[S?R%:/_!-7_D2_&@S_ ,Q&+_T T=!->\?7D&B6%MIK:?!9PP6+(4-O
M$@5,'J,#BOR.^./@.[^"OQCUG2X T2VMT+[3Y,8S&6WJ?T(K]?>E?&W_  41
M^%_]I^%M*\=V<0:YTM_LUX5'+0.>&/T/\Z2*DM#Z \#?%ZQ\0?!&S\>32*84
MTTW-QS@B5%^=?S!K\O\ 1K#4_CU\9(8,O->^(=4,DKGDI$6R2?8+BM_PY\<K
MK0OV??$?P[5I3+J%XDEO*#Q'$<&1?Q(KWG_@G1\+OM6HZSX\NX?DM\Z?8DCC
M=_RT8?A@4]B?BM8Z7]O/Q"?A[\)/"W@/1\VME>E891$<9@C ^7\3@UY#^Q/^
MS[IOQ;\2W^N^(H/M.A:*RI%:?P3S'D;O8#'%>I?\%)M!GDTKP=K:H3;6\[V\
MCCHI;D9].E4?^"=/Q(TVPB\0>"KR>*UU":<7MJLAVF88PRCU(QFB^@WN?9<?
M@7PY%8M9IH6G+:,,&$6J;#]1BO@7]N7]GG1_A?>Z;XM\-VXL-+U*8V]W9I]R
M.7&0R#L#CD5^B7F;6VX.?YU\5_\ !1GXAZ<^AZ%X.M9TEU-KG[=<QH03#&!@
M;O3)[4DV-I%#_@FKQ=^.1_UP/\Z\,_;-;9^T7XJ.>%2(X)_V37N?_!-7_C\\
M<GL?((_,UX5^VF!_PT/XN_ZY1_\ H)I[LE['V!^QS\"/#&A?"W1O$=YI-KJ.
MOZHGVB2ZNHQ(8AG 5,]./2OF']N[XA7/BKXT7.BO*RZ7X?B$$4&?E\PC+-CW
MX%?=/[,@S\!_!1R>+!/QK\]OVS_#MSH/[0WBAKB,A=05;R!\<$,,?S%+J/H?
M4?[&O[,FA:+X*T_QEXDTZ'4]=U2,36Z72!X[6$_= !XR>N:^A_%WPK\)^.-&
MFTO6?#]C=6LR[&VPJK(.Q5@,@_2N$_9,^)FG_$7X,Z"MO.AU#2[=;*\M<C?&
MZ# )'H0,BO9)'2&-GD(2-?F9V. ,=2305&UC\A/C[\*I/@S\3-6\-B1YK) )
M[*5^K0/DJ#[BNOT?_D$6/_7!/_0147[8GQ)L/B;\:=4N]*D2?3M/A%E'<+RL
MI7[S*>XS4FCM_P 2BQ_ZX)_Z"*M(R:/4_P#@HQ\.)],\2Z+X[M(\PW4:VEVR
MC@2IS&3[8!K[(^"/BV+QM\)?"VL1NK">QB5BO3<J[6_44OQ>^&5A\6OA[J_A
MF_0?Z7&3#(1_JY1RKC\?TKYY_83\47_AH^*/A/XA!@UOP_<M-#%(?OQ$\E?;
M//XUD:[,^O5.<U\-?\%*_P#7>"/]Z6ON2/&3@8_G7PW_ ,%*_P#7>"/]Z6G'
M<);'Q-1116AB(,Y./SQ3NW7/X5O>&?A]XG\:0SSZ!H%]K,-NP65[.,N(V/0-
M6U_PHGXDC@^!M:SWS;'- '#_ .>E'^>E=Q_PHGXD_P#0CZU_X#-1_P *)^))
M_P"9&UK_ ,!FI7'J<-VP.M&<]\U<UK1=0\.:E/INJV<NGW\/^MMKA=LD?U%4
MZ8B.?_4O_NFOHS]H#_DW?X*?]>\M?.D_^I?_ '37T7\?_P#DW;X*?]>\M)CC
MU/G>BBC/)SP!3%T#%&>/NY[UVG@WX*^.?B)I']J>&_#L^J6 D*">,\!AVK>_
MX9:^+'WO^$+O0>_(H \M[X[XSBC!_I76^*?A!XX\$6S76N^%-2T^T''VAX3L
M_$UR*D'!!+*>030!]-?LG?M'^!_@W)]@UWPR+*[NFVS>)8#YKG)X#@_=4>U?
MHKH6OZ;XBTFWU+2[Z&_L9UWQW$#!E8'Z?RK\4<]21DG@>F/<5](_L2_'6Y^'
M7C^V\):C<,_AG6W\I%D;Y;6X_A(SV;I2:OJ7%]#]+-X/.>E?GI_P4+T74M1^
M+NA26>G7EY&--(+V\#2 '<.X%?H3@*V0#FO(?BC^TIX-^%OC"'PYK%GJ5]K$
MEN+A(K"Q-P=A^E1$T>NAQ/\ P3_L+K3O@4(KRVFM)3?S'RYXRC=NQKZ60C'6
MOGNU_;7^&\-Y%;7\6L^'XIFP+C4-+DAA5O\ :;M7N^E:I::UIUO?:=<Q7UG<
M()(KB%@R2*>A4CBD]P/R3^//AS6KGXQ>.9(=%U&6)]2EVR):2%6^8\@XYK]4
M_ ULL_P\T&UN8=R/IL,<L4@ZCRP""*R? ?Q3\,_$K7/$VEZ5&\EWX?N_L5\9
MX-H\SV)ZUW0 4<953V H;$D?FC^TM^R#K_PVUV^UGPO82ZQX2NI&E6*W4O+9
MDG)0@<E1V(K@_!7[3?Q0^&UE_9>F>(+HVT8\E+34;<R>4/\ 9!Y'M7ZTX!9A
MMRK#D]0:R)_!?AZYF\Z70=,DE)SYCV<98GZXJK]Q<KO='YA:7\._BW^TM?W&
MM:PVHW5E90/*=0U)62)% +;8D/4G':G_ +)N@ZM;?M"^$KB?2;^W@263=)+;
M.JK\IZDBOU.CB2&$1(B)&HV[$&%'L!VHCM(4(801HV.JJ!C\:$]!V/C;_@I!
MIE]J6G>"A96-S>E;B;<+:%I-O ZX'%:'_!.'3[W3O!_C)+VRN+)WU")E6XB:
M,D;#R,BOKIXHY3AXTDQS\RYQ]*(8DB?]VBQ@]0J[<^]*^E@MK<G;I7/^.?"=
MEXY\(:OH%\@DMM1MWA93V)'!_ XKH:YCX@>.M-^&O@_4_$VL&5=-T^/S9S$F
M]\9Q@ =>M(KR/R+UGX8>*=&\57OAO^QM1EO(;TV*2+:N48[L*V[&,'UK]8/@
MK\/+?X6?#+0/#=N@5K2V4S,!@O*W+$_B<?A70>'M6L?$^B:?K5I$IMK^!+J%
MGCP^UAE2??!K7CX_&FV)*QR/Q6^&>E_%OP-J?AC6$Q;W:?),OWHG'*N/H:_+
MKXF_!#QU\"?$@^VV=Z(K>4M9ZWIZL4?T8%?NG&,YK]=F (P:KW-M%>P&&>&*
MXA;[T<JAE/X'BA,&KGY56?[7/QADT@Z+;>([FZ8X43+9^9<GM@$<UEZ_\#?B
M&W@RZ^(/B*QOB;B=8UCN$:2[N"W\6T<A1[U^J]MX/T#3Y5EM=#TZVE'(DAM(
MU8?0@5IRQK(H615<9Z.N13YD2HOJ?%'_  3ATN^TR\\;"]L+JQ+B$K]HA:,-
MR>F0,UXA^V5X?U:]_:!\62VNE7US$T4>V2&V=U/RGH0*_4:.)(6.Q$CSW5<?
M@:)+6&1RSPQLQZL5!)I7ZC:/./V:HI+/X%^#HKB-X)5L5#1R*593[@URO[4O
M[-UM\>/#D4]@\=EXITX%K.Z8?+(IZQ/['U[5[FB+'PH 7M@<?04-@C! ;GGG
M%+S'MH?C^]G\1OV?O%$C^5JWA758B4:>%&,,P'N/E85T'B+]HOXN_%ZU30VU
M6^O4F40&TTFW:/SL]F*]<^]?JO?Z59:Q"([^SM[V/^Y<Q+(!^!%5]/\ #.D:
M1(9=/TBPL9>A>WMDC./JH%5<2C8_([XA?!#Q=\-9M/LM4TBYEO;RU^U-#:0-
M*( >BLP!&?45Z-HWAG6?[(L?^)-J'^H3_EU?^Z/:OTYDMXI3F2-)#T^= >*>
M(0H 58PHZ +VHY@Y2:O!?CO\)M03Q9I/Q1\$0 >,=#_X^K1.!JEG_'$?]O'2
MO>J:PZXZU)1@^"/&%CX\\-V6MZ<6^SW*;O+<8>)OXD<=F!R,5\<?\%*O^/CP
M1]9J^RM-\+VFB:M>7NG@6R7K>9<PJ/E=_P"\!V/KZU\:?\%*_P#CY\$?6:G'
M<F6Q\3T445H8GWG_ ,$U3_Q2?C0?]1&/_P!%BOLVOC+_ ()K?\BGXS_["$?_
M *+%?9M9RW-EL%(3R*6DQ2*/R@_; Y_:0\7?[T?\J\?KV#]K[_DY'Q?_ +T?
M\J\?-:QV,7N,F_U,G^Z:^B_C_P#\F[?!3_KWEKYSG_U+_P"Z:^C/V@/^3=_@
MI_U[RT@74^=Z%HI0.::)/T;_ .">!_XL9-S_ ,Q"6OJ+KW-?#'[&'Q^\"?"[
MX32:3XFU^/3M0:]DE$+1,3M/0Y KWS_ALCX1#/\ Q5\+8](9/\*S:-TTD>Q7
M]C;ZE:2VMW#'<V\H*212J&5@>""#7Y"?'?PG8^!OC%XJT/356.PMKLF&(=(P
MPR5^G-?<7Q'_ &^_ /AW29O^$8EF\2ZLR$0I'&R1*_;<6QQ]*_//Q'K]]XM\
M0:CK>J2">_U"9KB5NQ)]/8=!]*:NB9VL9]36-W)8:C8743&.2"YCE5QV(8&H
M:NZ#I<VN>(=)TVW0RSWEY%"B#N2P%5T,UN?L_P"&[PZAH&FW62WGVL4FX^Z
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D0 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% '__9

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>hbio-20250905.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL SCHEMA FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" ?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 6.1b -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Misc; Value: /qlZs7xRiXgen8uAbXMsOaGEyaOdx5B7Gekxt219HcmqDyQnb5+vxCGXzkcmEVAE -->
<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2025" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2025" xmlns:srt-types="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2025" xmlns:HBIO="http://harvardbioscience.com/20250905" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://harvardbioscience.com/20250905">
    <annotation>
      <appinfo>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover" id="Cover">
          <link:definition>00000001 - Document - Cover</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="hbio-20250905_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Presentation Links" />
        <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="hbio-20250905_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Label Links" />
      </appinfo>
    </annotation>
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-types-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025/country-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-types-2025.xsd" />
</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>hbio-20250905_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 6.1b -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodEndLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodEndLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodStartLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodStartLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTotalLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedNetLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedNetLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" />
    <link:labelLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link">
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:to="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Registration Statement</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:to="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Accounting Standard</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:to="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Reporting Standard Item Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Shell Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Public Float</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Bankruptcy Proceedings, Reporting Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" xlink:label="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" xlink:to="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Documents Incorporated by Reference [Text Block]</link:label>
    </link:labelLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>hbio-20250905_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 6.1b -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="hbio-20250905.xsd#Cover" roleURI="http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover" />
    <link:presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover" xlink:title="00000001 - Document - Cover">
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:label="loc_deiCoverAbstract" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="loc_deiDocumentType" />
      <link:presentationArc order="0" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiDocumentType" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="loc_deiAmendmentFlag" />
      <link:presentationArc order="10" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiAmendmentFlag" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:label="loc_deiAmendmentDescription" />
      <link:presentationArc order="20" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiAmendmentDescription" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:label="loc_deiDocumentRegistrationStatement" />
      <link:presentationArc order="30" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiDocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="loc_deiDocumentAnnualReport" />
      <link:presentationArc order="40" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiDocumentAnnualReport" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:label="loc_deiDocumentQuarterlyReport" />
      <link:presentationArc order="50" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiDocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="loc_deiDocumentTransitionReport" />
      <link:presentationArc order="60" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiDocumentTransitionReport" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="loc_deiDocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:presentationArc order="70" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiDocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="loc_deiDocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:presentationArc order="80" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiDocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="loc_deiDocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:presentationArc order="90" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiDocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="loc_deiDocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:presentationArc order="100" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiDocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="loc_deiDocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:presentationArc order="110" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiDocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="loc_deiDocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:presentationArc order="120" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiDocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="loc_deiCurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:presentationArc order="130" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiCurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityFileNumber" />
      <link:presentationArc order="140" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityFileNumber" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:presentationArc order="150" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityRegistrantName" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:presentationArc order="160" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:presentationArc order="170" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:presentationArc order="180" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:presentationArc order="190" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:presentationArc order="200" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:presentationArc order="210" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:presentationArc order="220" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:presentationArc order="230" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:presentationArc order="240" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:presentationArc order="250" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityAddressCountry" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:presentationArc order="260" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="loc_deiCountryRegion" />
      <link:presentationArc order="270" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiCountryRegion" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="loc_deiCityAreaCode" />
      <link:presentationArc order="280" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiCityAreaCode" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="loc_deiLocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:presentationArc order="290" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiLocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="loc_deiExtension" />
      <link:presentationArc order="300" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiExtension" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="loc_deiWrittenCommunications" />
      <link:presentationArc order="310" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiWrittenCommunications" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="loc_deiSolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:presentationArc order="320" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiSolicitingMaterial" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="loc_deiPreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:presentationArc order="330" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiPreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="loc_deiPreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:presentationArc order="340" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiPreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="loc_deiSecurity12bTitle" />
      <link:presentationArc order="350" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiSecurity12bTitle" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="loc_deiNoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:presentationArc order="360" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiNoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="loc_deiTradingSymbol" />
      <link:presentationArc order="370" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiTradingSymbol" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="loc_deiSecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:presentationArc order="380" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiSecurityExchangeName" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="loc_deiSecurity12gTitle" />
      <link:presentationArc order="390" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiSecurity12gTitle" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="loc_deiSecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:presentationArc order="400" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiSecurityReportingObligation" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="loc_deiAnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:presentationArc order="410" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiAnnualInformationForm" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="loc_deiAuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:presentationArc order="420" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiAuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:presentationArc order="430" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:presentationArc order="440" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:presentationArc order="450" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:presentationArc order="460" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:presentationArc order="470" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityFilerCategory" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="loc_deiEntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:presentationArc order="480" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntitySmallBusiness" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
      <link:presentationArc order="490" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityExTransitionPeriod" />
      <link:presentationArc order="500" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="loc_deiDocumentAccountingStandard" />
      <link:presentationArc order="510" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiDocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:label="loc_deiOtherReportingStandardItemNumber" />
      <link:presentationArc order="520" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiOtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityShellCompany" />
      <link:presentationArc order="530" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityShellCompany" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityPublicFloat" />
      <link:presentationArc order="540" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityPublicFloat" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" />
      <link:presentationArc order="550" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="loc_deiEntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:presentationArc order="560" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiEntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" xlink:label="loc_deiDocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" />
      <link:presentationArc order="570" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiDocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" />
    </link:presentationLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 05, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Sep.  05,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-33957<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001123494<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">04-3306140<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">84 October Hill Road<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Holliston<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">MA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">01746<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(508)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">893-8999<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $0.01 par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">HBIO<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>Show.js
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
// Edgar(tm) Renderer was created by staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.  Data and content created by government employees within the scope of their employment are not subject to domestic copyright protection. 17 U.S.C. 105.
var Show={};Show.LastAR=null,Show.showAR=function(a,r,w){if(Show.LastAR)Show.hideAR();var e=a;while(e&&e.nodeName!='TABLE')e=e.nextSibling;if(!e||e.nodeName!='TABLE'){var ref=((window)?w.document:document).getElementById(r);if(ref){e=ref.cloneNode(!0);
e.removeAttribute('id');a.parentNode.appendChild(e)}}
if(e)e.style.display='block';Show.LastAR=e};Show.hideAR=function(){Show.LastAR.style.display='none'};Show.toggleNext=function(a){var e=a;while(e.nodeName!='DIV')e=e.nextSibling;if(!e.style){}else if(!e.style.display){}else{var d,p_;if(e.style.display=='none'){d='block';p='-'}else{d='none';p='+'}
e.style.display=d;if(a.textContent){a.textContent=p+a.textContent.substring(1)}else{a.innerText=p+a.innerText.substring(1)}}}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>11
<FILENAME>report.css
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
/* Updated 2009-11-04 */
/* v2.2.0.24 */

/* DefRef Styles */
.report table.authRefData{
	background-color: #def;
	border: 2px solid #2F4497;
	font-size: 1em;
	position: absolute;
}

.report table.authRefData a {
	display: block;
	font-weight: bold;
}

.report table.authRefData p {
	margin-top: 0px;
}

.report table.authRefData .hide {
	background-color: #2F4497;
	padding: 1px 3px 0px 0px;
	text-align: right;
}

.report table.authRefData .hide a:hover {
	background-color: #2F4497;
}

.report table.authRefData .body {
	height: 150px;
	overflow: auto;
	width: 400px;
}

.report table.authRefData table{
	font-size: 1em;
}

/* Report Styles */
.pl a, .pl a:visited {
	color: black;
	text-decoration: none;
}

/* table */
.report {
	background-color: white;
	border: 2px solid #acf;
	clear: both;
	color: black;
	font: normal 8pt Helvetica, Arial, san-serif;
	margin-bottom: 2em;
}

.report hr {
	border: 1px solid #acf;
}

/* Top labels */
.report th {
	background-color: #acf;
	color: black;
	font-weight: bold;
	text-align: center;
}

.report th.void	{
	background-color: transparent;
	color: #000000;
	font: bold 10pt Helvetica, Arial, san-serif;
	text-align: left;
}

.report .pl {
	text-align: left;
	vertical-align: top;
	white-space: normal;
	width: 200px;
	white-space: normal; /* word-wrap: break-word; */
}

.report td.pl a.a {
	cursor: pointer;
	display: block;
	width: 200px;
	overflow: hidden;
}

.report td.pl div.a {
	width: 200px;
}

.report td.pl a:hover {
	background-color: #ffc;
}

/* Header rows... */
.report tr.rh {
	background-color: #acf;
	color: black;
	font-weight: bold;
}

/* Calendars... */
.report .rc {
	background-color: #f0f0f0;
}

/* Even rows... */
.report .re, .report .reu {
	background-color: #def;
}

.report .reu td {
	border-bottom: 1px solid black;
}

/* Odd rows... */
.report .ro, .report .rou {
	background-color: white;
}

.report .rou td {
	border-bottom: 1px solid black;
}

.report .rou table td, .report .reu table td {
	border-bottom: 0px solid black;
}

/* styles for footnote marker */
.report .fn {
	white-space: nowrap;
}

/* styles for numeric types */
.report .num, .report .nump {
	text-align: right;
	white-space: nowrap;
}

.report .nump {
	padding-left: 2em;
}

.report .nump {
	padding: 0px 0.4em 0px 2em;
}

/* styles for text types */
.report .text {
	text-align: left;
	white-space: normal;
}

.report .text .big {
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	width: 17em;
}

.report .text .more {
	display: none;
}

.report .text .note {
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: bold;
}

.report .text .small {
	width: 10em;
}

.report sup {
	font-style: italic;
}

.report .outerFootnotes {
	font-size: 1em;
}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>13
<FILENAME>FilingSummary.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<FilingSummary>
  <Version>3.25.2</Version>
  <ProcessingTime/>
  <ReportFormat>html</ReportFormat>
  <ContextCount>1</ContextCount>
  <ElementCount>22</ElementCount>
  <EntityCount>1</EntityCount>
  <FootnotesReported>false</FootnotesReported>
  <SegmentCount>0</SegmentCount>
  <ScenarioCount>0</ScenarioCount>
  <TuplesReported>false</TuplesReported>
  <UnitCount>3</UnitCount>
  <MyReports>
    <Report instance="f8k_090925.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R1.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>00000001 - Document - Cover</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover</Role>
      <ShortName>Cover</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Cover</MenuCategory>
      <Position>1</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report>
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <LongName>All Reports</LongName>
      <ReportType>Book</ReportType>
      <ShortName>All Reports</ShortName>
    </Report>
  </MyReports>
  <InputFiles>
    <File doctype="8-K" isOnlyDei="true" isUsgaap="true" original="f8k_090925.htm">f8k_090925.htm</File>
    <File>hbio-20250905.xsd</File>
    <File>hbio-20250905_lab.xml</File>
    <File>hbio-20250905_pre.xml</File>
  </InputFiles>
  <SupplementalFiles>
    <File>logo2.jpg</File>
  </SupplementalFiles>
  <BaseTaxonomies>
    <BaseTaxonomy items="22">http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025</BaseTaxonomy>
  </BaseTaxonomies>
  <HasPresentationLinkbase>true</HasPresentationLinkbase>
  <HasCalculationLinkbase>false</HasCalculationLinkbase>
</FilingSummary>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>JSON
<SEQUENCE>15
<FILENAME>MetaLinks.json
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
{
 "version": "2.2",
 "instance": {
  "f8k_090925.htm": {
   "nsprefix": "HBIO",
   "nsuri": "http://harvardbioscience.com/20250905",
   "dts": {
    "inline": {
     "local": [
      "f8k_090925.htm"
     ]
    },
    "schema": {
     "local": [
      "hbio-20250905.xsd"
     ],
     "remote": [
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xl-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xlink-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2006/ref-2006-02-27.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd",
      "https://www.xbrl.org/2020/extensible-enumerations-2.0.xsd",
      "https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21/types.xsd",
      "https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-roles-2025.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-types-2025.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-roles-2025.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-types-2025.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025/country-2025.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.sec.gov/stpr/2025/stpr-2025.xsd"
     ]
    },
    "labelLink": {
     "local": [
      "hbio-20250905_lab.xml"
     ]
    },
    "presentationLink": {
     "local": [
      "hbio-20250905_pre.xml"
     ]
    }
   },
   "keyStandard": 22,
   "keyCustom": 0,
   "axisStandard": 0,
   "axisCustom": 0,
   "memberStandard": 0,
   "memberCustom": 0,
   "hidden": {
    "total": 2,
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025": 2
   },
   "contextCount": 1,
   "entityCount": 1,
   "segmentCount": 0,
   "elementCount": 59,
   "unitCount": 3,
   "baseTaxonomies": {
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025": 22
   },
   "report": {
    "R1": {
     "role": "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover",
     "longName": "00000001 - Document - Cover",
     "shortName": "Cover",
     "isDefault": "true",
     "groupType": "document",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Cover",
     "order": "1",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "AsOf2025-09-05",
      "name": "dei:DocumentType",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "span",
       "b",
       "p",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "f8k_090925.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "AsOf2025-09-05",
      "name": "dei:DocumentType",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "span",
       "b",
       "p",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "f8k_090925.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    }
   },
   "tag": {
    "dei_AmendmentDescription": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "AmendmentDescription",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Amendment Description",
        "documentation": "Description of changes contained within amended document."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_AmendmentFlag": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "AmendmentFlag",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Amendment Flag",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_AnnualInformationForm": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "AnnualInformationForm",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Annual Information Form",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag with value true on a form if it is an annual report containing an annual information form."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r14"
     ]
    },
    "dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Audited Annual Financial Statements",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag with value true on a form if it is an annual report containing audited financial statements."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r14"
     ]
    },
    "dei_CityAreaCode": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "CityAreaCode",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "City Area Code",
        "documentation": "Area code of city"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_CountryRegion": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "CountryRegion",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Country Region",
        "documentation": "Region code of country"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_CoverAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "CoverAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cover [Abstract]",
        "documentation": "Cover page."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate": {
     "xbrltype": "gMonthDayItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "CurrentFiscalYearEndDate",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Current Fiscal Year End Date",
        "documentation": "End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_DocumentAccountingStandard": {
     "xbrltype": "accountingStandardItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "DocumentAccountingStandard",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Accounting Standard",
        "documentation": "The basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing This can either be 'U.S. GAAP', 'International Financial Reporting Standards', or 'Other'."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r13"
     ]
    },
    "dei_DocumentAnnualReport": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "DocumentAnnualReport",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Annual Report",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as an annual report."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r11",
      "r13",
      "r14"
     ]
    },
    "dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus": {
     "xbrltype": "fiscalPeriodItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Fiscal Period Focus",
        "documentation": "Fiscal period values are FY, Q1, Q2, and Q3. 1st, 2nd and 3rd quarter 10-Q or 10-QT statements have value Q1, Q2, and Q3 respectively, with 10-K, 10-KT or other fiscal year statements having FY."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus": {
     "xbrltype": "gYearItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "DocumentFiscalYearFocus",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Fiscal Year Focus",
        "documentation": "This is focus fiscal year of the document report in YYYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "DocumentPeriodEndDate",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Period End Date",
        "documentation": "For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "DocumentPeriodStartDate",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Period Start Date",
        "documentation": "The start date of the period covered in the document, in YYYY-MM-DD format."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "DocumentQuarterlyReport",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Quarterly Report",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as an quarterly report."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r12"
     ]
    },
    "dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "DocumentRegistrationStatement",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Registration Statement",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a registration statement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r0"
     ]
    },
    "dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "DocumentShellCompanyEventDate",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Shell Company Event Date",
        "documentation": "Date of event requiring a shell company report."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r13"
     ]
    },
    "dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "DocumentShellCompanyReport",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Shell Company Report",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true for a Shell Company Report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r13"
     ]
    },
    "dei_DocumentTransitionReport": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "DocumentTransitionReport",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Transition Report",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a transition report."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r15"
     ]
    },
    "dei_DocumentType": {
     "xbrltype": "submissionTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "DocumentType",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Document Type",
        "documentation": "The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Documents Incorporated by Reference [Text Block]",
        "documentation": "Documents incorporated by reference."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityAddressAddressLine1",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Address, Address Line One",
        "documentation": "Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityAddressAddressLine2",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Address, Address Line Two",
        "documentation": "Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityAddressAddressLine3",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Address, Address Line Three",
        "documentation": "Address Line 3 such as an Office Park"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityAddressCityOrTown",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Address, City or Town",
        "documentation": "Name of the City or Town"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressCountry": {
     "xbrltype": "countryCodeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityAddressCountry",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Address, Country",
        "documentation": "ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityAddressPostalZipCode",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Address, Postal Zip Code",
        "documentation": "Code for the postal or zip code"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince": {
     "xbrltype": "stateOrProvinceItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityAddressStateOrProvince",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Address, State or Province",
        "documentation": "Name of the state or province."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Bankruptcy Proceedings, Reporting Current",
        "documentation": "For registrants involved in bankruptcy proceedings during the preceding five years, the value Yes indicates that the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court; the value No indicates the registrant has not. Registrants not involved in bankruptcy proceedings during the preceding five years should not report this element."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityCentralIndexKey": {
     "xbrltype": "centralIndexKeyItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityCentralIndexKey",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Central Index Key",
        "documentation": "A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding": {
     "xbrltype": "sharesItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding",
        "documentation": "Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus": {
     "xbrltype": "yesNoItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityCurrentReportingStatus",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Current Reporting Status",
        "documentation": "Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityEmergingGrowthCompany",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Emerging Growth Company",
        "documentation": "Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityExTransitionPeriod",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period",
        "documentation": "Indicate if an emerging growth company has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r19"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityFileNumber": {
     "xbrltype": "fileNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityFileNumber",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity File Number",
        "documentation": "Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityFilerCategory": {
     "xbrltype": "filerCategoryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityFilerCategory",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Filer Category",
        "documentation": "Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: Large Accelerated Filer, Accelerated Filer, Non-accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode": {
     "xbrltype": "edgarStateCountryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code",
        "documentation": "Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent": {
     "xbrltype": "yesNoItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityInteractiveDataCurrent",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Interactive Data Current",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true when the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r16"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber": {
     "xbrltype": "sicNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityPrimarySicNumber",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Primary SIC Number",
        "documentation": "Primary Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Number for the Entity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r14"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityPublicFloat": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityPublicFloat",
     "crdr": "credit",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Public Float",
        "documentation": "The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityRegistrantName": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityRegistrantName",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Registrant Name",
        "documentation": "The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityShellCompany": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityShellCompany",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Shell Company",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true when the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntitySmallBusiness": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntitySmallBusiness",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Small Business",
        "documentation": "Indicates that the company is a Smaller Reporting Company (SRC)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber": {
     "xbrltype": "employerIdItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityTaxIdentificationNumber",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Tax Identification Number",
        "documentation": "The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers": {
     "xbrltype": "yesNoItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityVoluntaryFilers",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Voluntary Filers",
        "documentation": "Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer": {
     "xbrltype": "yesNoItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer",
        "documentation": "Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Is used on Form Type: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, 20-F, 6-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q/A, 20-F/A, 6-K/A, N-CSR, N-Q, N-1A."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r17"
     ]
    },
    "dei_Extension": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "Extension",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Extension",
        "documentation": "Extension number for local phone number."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_LocalPhoneNumber": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "LocalPhoneNumber",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Local Phone Number",
        "documentation": "Local phone number for entity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag": {
     "xbrltype": "trueItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "NoTradingSymbolFlag",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "No Trading Symbol Flag",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true only for a security having no trading symbol."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber": {
     "xbrltype": "otherReportingStandardItemNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "OtherReportingStandardItemNumber",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Other Reporting Standard Item Number",
        "documentation": "\"Item 17\" or \"Item 18\" specified when the basis of accounting is neither US GAAP nor IFRS."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r13"
     ]
    },
    "dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r7"
     ]
    },
    "dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "PreCommencementTenderOffer",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Pre-commencement Tender Offer",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r9"
     ]
    },
    "dei_Security12bTitle": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTitleItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "Security12bTitle",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Title of 12(b) Security",
        "documentation": "Title of a 12(b) registered security."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "dei_Security12gTitle": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTitleItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "Security12gTitle",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Title of 12(g) Security",
        "documentation": "Title of a 12(g) registered security."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5"
     ]
    },
    "dei_SecurityExchangeName": {
     "xbrltype": "edgarExchangeCodeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "SecurityExchangeName",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Security Exchange Name",
        "documentation": "Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r4"
     ]
    },
    "dei_SecurityReportingObligation": {
     "xbrltype": "securityReportingObligationItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "SecurityReportingObligation",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Security Reporting Obligation",
        "documentation": "15(d), indicating whether the security has a reporting obligation under that section of the Exchange Act."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r10"
     ]
    },
    "dei_SolicitingMaterial": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "SolicitingMaterial",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Soliciting Material",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "dei_TradingSymbol": {
     "xbrltype": "tradingSymbolItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "TradingSymbol",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Trading Symbol",
        "documentation": "Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_WrittenCommunications": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "WrittenCommunications",
     "presentation": [
      "http://harvardbioscience.com/role/Cover"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Written Communications",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r18"
     ]
    }
   }
  }
 },
 "std_ref": {
  "r0": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12"
  },
  "r1": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12",
   "Subsection": "b"
  },
  "r2": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12",
   "Subsection": "b-2"
  },
  "r3": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12",
   "Subsection": "b-23"
  },
  "r4": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12",
   "Subsection": "d1-1"
  },
  "r5": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12",
   "Subsection": "g"
  },
  "r6": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12, 13, 15d"
  },
  "r7": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "13e",
   "Subsection": "4c"
  },
  "r8": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "14a",
   "Subsection": "12"
  },
  "r9": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "14d",
   "Subsection": "2b"
  },
  "r10": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "15",
   "Subsection": "d"
  },
  "r11": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Form 10-K",
   "Number": "249",
   "Section": "310"
  },
  "r12": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Form 10-Q",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "308",
   "Subsection": "a"
  },
  "r13": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Form 20-F",
   "Number": "249",
   "Section": "220",
   "Subsection": "f"
  },
  "r14": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Form 40-F",
   "Number": "249",
   "Section": "240",
   "Subsection": "f"
  },
  "r15": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 20-F",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "13",
   "Subsection": "a-1"
  },
  "r16": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Regulation S-T",
   "Number": "232",
   "Section": "405"
  },
  "r17": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "405"
  },
  "r18": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "425"
  },
  "r19": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "7A",
   "Section": "B",
   "Subsection": "2"
  }
 }
}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>ZIP
<SEQUENCE>16
<FILENAME>0001171843-25-005787-xbrl.zip
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
begin 644 0001171843-25-005787-xbrl.zip
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M:]R0$Q,?5WX)+%^5%?@4SU!D@AI]O;&TEX"48-EPV!>,QC,X.=,^+</?F3]
MJRJ*Z1Z)POEZ=RXC/ )Y+FPTG\\[LQ GT3),.C#"SZO^MW:;SA1R^0%=(U4?
MH@7Y6K)X+$=[5=T+]4Z'G[;UAK]NZ0W]&'"%1G0Y=IR*^(Y^@096IXKO-;;=
MAJPKU]O%EEMVC\#:=^U(PGQ0L? J?X=&/[KCFEEVV2[!%-]_B_/C-S>>JL]"
M?=P>H5A&V&T0M \0CEO[L@0]YH28Z+CT91R'N0"IU*5\.PVJHDBJU4/#XF95
M=&<2%("O3,YXG4B@@GL;B;K)EZQ,0O,-6N5YUU5A>[N<A]K1J6F(^!OV?D;]
MV+?:>_O[:)//OJU.AF:=VR=.P6JBP([1PN]2(N@@ "200 ]N)[D@KBH.K%IV
M$M40-V*/Q[@2B-WCT0)5TN,Q]*<J5@74>B(#%)VMC>\TJ@]\AY,GCZ=',E7(
M!O6H3VXJ4ZDP7)> ?JWG5ZZ65T;P62_1E&MFZ)2-"U*$:YG].=E  93C]HDE
M89B5E. EL#,(UE=1+"[%YL[W?:UU7F.HQ$@U=;T4\YQ)R7E[K<ME[9=) >]X
M]!)"6[1*M?<R+ZMV<.I[@H#2D"<JW</!EOVDO^\(ESM5-A.12KF4K=I/!9'L
M<8&DR*LJA5N^+/#7-:MTU6)[&AD4AR(HJ6"74 VBQY(13I?#],\BL;+_M$27
M!-?*VASKA^;SH-/7*8I/OGK(_4B9AV>^,#$<@!P3+31>RMYQEVAMF165HG4V
MQN8@<E\*0;0OX.<SQ2#'EJP_(F*KF7PJUVF';EAZ<!'7(<1E%W=>'DRQ+M$!
MQ@)1M-/8:FW4:/ H %FFSN?@1$TF$,-8-W ^VI^JT="(Q$3:&)E;\O&]\9]A
MF J'CU?R#0RM7>ZQ_G06E%Y6ZC*NRX9M2F=HM'P?Y7NZB>)FHY_G?) ;R==,
MW*J=,?WL==N_K]_V5%L_$@BD!-,!>=Q+,C?Z>6O4Q@8>/'"Q,JWNZ'P(/PLE
M]F'DK]+TUGVKD!/+P@^QLP()ZUL9(&$J\,]K--]A?23X7W!0?2V5":P)KFZM
M[Q: AR/DFG24U@0-5Y>%%_QM'_I? A!0::C<%E2='V9<5[U%'/KU/?8ZO402
M!1!;[UZ ^U#-OVQ7-<S1[?-UR3!G^\"/!R^;EU^_[_[VAG[;?]=^M_>VVSN^
M.6+X!Z7L/[:6BR_8MO]7UGWO+W^[_-MD^+&2?]/\-U!+ P04    "  2."E;
M-SL^+104  # 60  #@   &8X:U\P.3 Y,C4N:'1M[1QK=]JX\CN_0I>[C^2<
M\#"/$/+@'@(DH6E>D*;M?LD1M@ UQG8E$:"__L[(-F P2:"TVWONYG0W 8UF
M1J-Y2_;Q?\8#FSPS(;GKG/QII+-_$N:8KL6=WLF?U7:MV?SS/Y7$<5\!&( Z
M\B395\H[S&1&HU%ZE$^[HI<QRN5R9HPP21_H<!P+E\MFC<RGJ_=ML\\&-,4=
MJ:ACLNDDFSM/J_'CZ!2T(VP> <5O0B+YS!)J&+5F$^:!]S/^8 14Q8(6?5 5
M@G+I%G)&Z24^?(CIA/$J6 -YAA6R3Z>M]S-P%0\_ \TH01W9=<6 *MA"Q%1,
M97.IW/X<DI1D9@01?$[WW.=7\1RD\D:(9VESHBO%X0Z54XE;;$'<(4T8@!FY
M8@@XE*D>I=X4N$ME1Z,-!A:!A6LS&0NM1R+@ICMTE)C$,Q(,1B9(H991PY<1
MH(O3YLT4JD_%,Q56A[O2Y& Z+&VZ PV>+6>+2;0=1JU*@N#/L>+*9I7CC/\[
M<3Q@BA+$E&)?A_SY)%ES'<4<E;J?>"!*T_]TDE1LK#+:P#(P*^.C//Y7*D7.
M.+.M0])FZHA<TP$[)&-K?$2:=?W'8S;7>/S0_CU7/Z]6;^$7,D92J3=.SF<?
M<;&/L8M\#!?Y=GR%L^FD#687RX\,M =6 ?^J ^98\)\ZLVGOL4MMR=; 9,QA
M:CBP&Y,:H!+4;CH6&U^RR6,6?)61RQ?*A;>CW3\%6=<?C<? ['W\\-4:*'*/
M;9 VDX^Y1^WD?!Q2?[<&FCIR<AN@RB\QM IWQ[4F1*J)S4Z275"^0V)D/47N
M^0 @KMF(M-P!=?;\+_: ON!=U'&+/X?3+"X]FTX.B>,Z#,?X^!#UE0DP OV!
M6Q9ST"+P$T!=#P> Q_2U?:Q:K'N2K,J;+FI(*EM.@1D1;ITDSZBILOB33Q('
M%@VT&#^,*$*RHC7A.!/!_#VT"O.T8E4E69GI2ASAS/R:D0W!NDR@%4D]CI[S
M4.J0".P0'><.^P(YZX/%I4)#28^EE0R&%;B'DZ3D \]FZ!(",A',/BGI#D5
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MROZ&/BG!6*)&/:Y UAI(FQG,)IX;Q!^0 4:L/OB;X)0,-BBWJ @4@PL$(?^
M: 5%2%"IZ@/.JI1,S1$D7>$.$KFL4<:-0_R@ !:Y%4SJA\9P\GO>!87T30!R
M/%OAEFDM/1LZN@A%)##9,'PD1GF!2:TBD-D)P(BG6*@?$DM*W.=.8)<):^;2
MNN1!GTV9%+05C$XS-;=,C<&*8)#^)2?%>K!4&*MSVG-<V#53ZMG5JV:MV@Y,
M.,(="%PR_(>II%"3!-[RUNC 7" 'P'5CXNMG$Q(&S3YLE$/MB>1R3V/'ZF]Z
M".<-.S8/>>;/F)K@L\8ZK0WP]!FU55\O#Y0)E O<+<+CAH]<J":L!#4%, 9+
M!1-!@Z1?8"_EL(/E2RBE&9KY4V$;-RSP6<"?UZ>0%)ILJ*MR^,(".>)6(D&4
M)'Y8D DL$M-]2*T3I^EJ&MEN0-X)]@OBU-NM^SXZ&83<[(/#]1L-5+ *T/VK
MM)XXA9T# <9!(2<V@&[#ON.-\@?;/-2 N'<2$DE"9W&2=)@:05&YH/\@$W"T
M"= FB8GE7 [H-U5 /FC(,LQ.M>\,[<'7,#5'L$L''*Q ,-OO.?:Y]R)AXNJB
M+T28 $5BTQLMKA_-0[<;!(7_V8UIXHFGXP3ICPZ#J(Z!GH<N(PBX\\)*Z @)
M$F(HE3!UUZF_SH@0'=8"4 6EF'^9D9&(SYIE&> UP2KTP?^8X_F8WQY"H-^,
M?'$/:K ]W/T.T_A=K"!@;(?O)K#206<!FS<*$A;#R.(,=#X*[ T51,=D@H]#
M^F:\P_FN)NE';Y-*[-1AMN;O[&]E U'\?>%TTUEA"EQ*9XTT:;'>T-=Y<E8'
M%R]-V\6'2S?(1/^>5"&2GI;GT]/ [L#"Y1 ] (8[B6UXJ.&A2.7+:AW<+0D3
M>NU6YXT?]&N61Y$JS/>F]T BR'6JHA2%XAE\-[@9F$FQ ]/G':Y(N9PV?DEW
ML.R2(4Y-7ZB",6NJ.M/^4WC?9CY>SB]T*HB$+X@](OL4_ +V"\!:+09NW@JS
M_RZW65@S:-\ GAV-67N#:75_\,;NUIYV^P._#S%?9(3 "0 .*XT]K/NT6Q]Q
MV$'("[X O7#/;4X[W/9):>+@D*3/SQXL102+XO-KXM,+XO"A@]$E>+,!"A(U
M,[API$^Q$G&=O^6SK3T\0 !]QY5!,H5*I[,WA=("%08RP3,[9I2>')I8OO@D
M-U.^+>C9]SJMLG9:9]/6D+ZAZY?3Z+0#O=NLCHYY^FR]V3O6[M8Y^*6/\"#5
M4BR%?#%\5<I(4&]Z]FUDYY\[F3_!L)@9/#1QZ*L^OK\I60E]AG\U]+4G7@(J
MN=]G&A4']0*#!P=K,EAGTA3<P^\W>.QD#1G&+FG-949PK/M43.68$O_E+6S<
M?RR7C71? >OHS8\SM/(J7ROFW^H0V0I"I*7=XE+LGA+80*85(UMXG;D:MDAT
M"U97MX+Z#:(Z5=1_(&<'&;(P9F!6$-27^((Q8@7/(O]-EPG\6=_O=W]J<W%Z
M4OEJ%SSW3Q=\DR[XZA>?-,^OJ_<?6HV?U55.1E[<X'=WH/(2LX;WFY*VF$,F
M:VA/$B8=8EFGLT[_9GM0\4E8N=^\PNJMPR 5ZV(FA(BT P\ , $=.C 'T1$Z
M5'U7 //K]DQ^;NKSRU_HB8U,@!U#Y$DRKU5Q];/MFT?05^FN%P%_,OJ%32IB
MNH1OMCB,"XFK$Z B3#N=')*-+BL%. J()",S^M8%.1.N5"NCZ)8$^;)P<\G*
MC!7R4^GJC( /2*W/67>NT A.Z/[.N/_/K&VE)(+W^HLI4?RKS58=X*]\:>7!
MZ:.^^:"? YJ]ZY*]&Y]]L;*7HR_5J_Y?Y5YI?+K_OG/5R0RKPXNVX&>G3SQO
MTT_M3V>B97]U;KUWS]3*WMU-JD_%_*AXU_O6X![=OW,[][=7F5[OXN'^\C.[
M^UP87!7=]^R)%O*U+O^K8#QTQ@=?"YWGW.GEIZ?SV_NK=V[I)F,=%#]^G(S:
M3^]O^DZU].7*[+>NW&+_>?SI]"&;>6>_]ZJ%4OOKW;NG6OEI=$WS[<M/F=Q%
M+_^U[7;%P[M6KB7:]/[N]/[RDU.LO[^\^FRI]M?3S,7UG4?M9K^?/?O<>\B6
M\F,A/]V[W4%;7O)1V3G/>9D#JUNMW\HG[XLOD0R^HE._ U8-[,I_ 5!+ P04
M    "  2."E;; TSDC #  #]"P  $0   &AB:6\M,C R-3 Y,#4N>'-DM5;;
M<MHP$'WO3/]!]6O'&),F*02224E"F"&E#4V&Z4M'V MH(DN.)(/IUU?RA9N!
M &W])*_..;NKW95=OXH#BB8@).&L8;FELH6 >=PG;-2PGGKV=:_9;EOHZO+]
M.Z2?^@?;1G<$J%]#-]RSVVS(+]!7'$ -M8"!P(J+"_2,:60L_(Y0$*C)@Y""
M KV1>JJALY([0+:]A^PS,)^+I\?V7':L5"AKCC.=3DN,3_"4BQ=9\GBPGV!/
M817)N5HY+F?/?O0'(KTYV7FE/^5Y_$CZ(V"?H^M!_T%V<>MVAKM^?/KEO 4O
ML:JXU7LO>+V9?6>#TX^3N-GJ_W[Q@MOGZ]O495UZ8P@PTK5@LF&9_++TIB<E
M+D9.I5QVG?Y#IY?@K!18BREA+YO@;K5:=9+='%I Q@-!<^D3QVP/L(2YLMXE
M._"$2869MX+WU9RP##YUTLT5*-D(/4NA)(?ZL(:3X)5&?.+H#8VOG.; 2-HC
MC,,Y>(CE(!'--E; 4J@B4!O70;::A2 W0M.M%<+]EW9WCAUC,<'"'Q N/:+'
M"4QS)O!RM:PI0"$ INZX"&Y@B".J(WJ-,"5# KZ%%!8C4*;;9(@]V%<V[UW,
M&-<MKL<LLQA;&!+=PW.#-IF:UP2G\$,G@\Q"S]@;O@S*:7)]7UB(^ TK72ZI
MYKH^# DC20S9<+G(-J,4F<3U,F'6G75P42F2X'?99;(.!4A-3W+K:$/&SR"[
MN1ZF7D2/HB[BV\7,[/F)%HXZG[%'&*)D-FNFBQJ6).9RM#+;6,!0%T&?NYT7
M]I=.NZ2[+(<8#SMF,ZG1^DEECG,)++R"2N'NT"(\!*&(;O6E"R(-G2A#_[;D
M!AD_TD+./\R<XL&AF6L*T/^8<L?H%W.M.ZLCIM_7Q["NT^5"(588[%T7;/II
MZ' OD=I!,6]VSK.-R78K]HE;BJ6_B/20(!8G<%@0.>^((+9<\YO\RVUPLTA:
M:%^G6SX7.YUNY#A E<PM1X>P_''YBQ@2F8."6"FGKX1C)(SH)[OLZB)N#^<M
M9O(NCVH"CT=,B=DAC;!,R5^.J\;BMV"_0N3XM CF3^%8MT=T0='YIA:H.ZF:
M7OX!4$L#!!0    ( !(X*5M\HT[ _0H  '^&   5    :&)I;RTR,#(U,#DP
M-5]L86(N>&ULS9U=;^.X%8;O"_0_L.Y-"XSC<8)=(-G)+C*>9&%L-DECSVS;
M1;&@)<810I,!)2?VOR\IB;)$\4A*BI*<BQF/^![JI?B8I+Z./_VTVU#T0D2:
M<'8^FAY]'"'"(AXG;'T^^KH87RQF\_D(I1EF,::<D?,1XZ.??OSSGY#\\^DO
MXS&Z2@B-S] 7'HWG[('_@&[PAIRAGPDC F=<_("^8;I56_A50HE ,[YYIB0C
MLJ#8\1GZ_FBZ0N/Q@&J_$19S\?5^7E7[F&7/Z=ED\OKZ>L3X"W[EXBD]BOAF
M6(6+#&?;M*KMX^YC^:<(_T03]G2F_EKAE"!YN%AZMDN3\Y':;[G;UY,C+M:3
MXX\?IY-__GJ]B![)!H\3I@Y;1$8Z2M5BBYN>GIY.\E(M;2EW*T'U/DXFVDY5
MLRQ-.O0U)VEREN;VKGF$L[S7>W>#0(7ZWUC+QFK3>'H\/ID>[=)XI ]^?@0%
MI^2>/*"\F6?9_EF2E"8*A%&Y[5&0![L9*L1$Q4\86>.,Q&I'IVI'T^_5COY:
M;K[&*T)'2"DE'V"[3AMUE4$3UV;OB$AX?,G>Y]J,]F1??G=$]C\TH![OO E+
MGF'Z+O/U2.>V;\C[CO@ASOV1EL,\>=^1KD7^7VQG;<MO/KSVXTK5QFOYJ6&1
M[#(Y@9%8FU15=(S ^1[RB:&LNZJ=1XUZJ1K-N6BW7<V,>9TIB8[6_&42DT36
M??R=^C!6'_)FR__\,>-R(7"Q2C.!HTS7E#?C?&0IGYB6E/)":%]81#V-*Q63
MB,NIZ3D;T^(P%N$/@F^LNRU;S2V%?]!5%5\<%KD+P&A#)DC*MR(B;^J5NEOH
M*)6.-E0JU(J*L/'7Q>C'7(-^UZK_?)H<:G'0T7()M-T0EBUEC986-(M==;/-
ME.[E>ED0G6PQ9/:QEB"E<=S!%W+'L=KY%<5KBWVCW%476VWI/FX4!M')-D=F
M+U<:I$2^NOD+22.1/*OE?%<[&C+GG6XQV>K[FB8L!-K&8!)J6D\#^SU9)VIJ
M41;4^2U1&SN&,4#O>NCOM&W.!59Q$- ,<0C.%O4@5$5YXNB"L2VF]^29BRY\
MFC+7U-A,FK#4-4$Q8C$&HE%H42'V1,0_MO*,G0BZ[X6BI73-!6#51,.0!46'
MW1L(2"7WR\A28)8F:@#KA:0M=7ZZ 9AMG7H8NJ X <S!IR25WB\IBT="J;H=
M@%G_@&(3NZ8%-FSRTE8&10QH#V0FCT!E2#C87+ZHU;E<)@UL;$WO$YZ6[2Y^
M*G&P")D.!U*4AR$5YXFDVFV('H9:2M?T %9-;@Q94,38O8&L%'*4Z_U#<LGB
M08A4.C^ &#;M>)2B .%H.NM#0ZI]@G&5I!&FA9<KN2WM:)Y%ZQH0T*X)24L8
M%"B0.Q"6(D SDX=X!>9?!(MAN-24?F!I6;6C4LD"!,7TUH>)TGN!9+85HN$:
MGG%@J;.;LCUFJ_NS@"X(4'K,M>[:%O(&*)YFH$N6)=E>/4YWL]VLB+ TKBUQ
MQ09D3C-AE@?! F#*9*"0(:5#A=!+S^N[!"Q3#S&"S3%E;@FPFVQ2T-0$1(+5
M&$##09L_4^J%B)D<F02F<Q:3W2]D#[:KI7/+!&"S"84A"H@*NS, BU*,<C62
M<B]@W(ED@\5^D40]4T5;Z!8-R&B3#5,5$!R -8".4HT6\YG/F62)=_-8@IH\
M),7SX#V4@'JWL/38;C(#B -"I]LA0) ,0LTHGR#-6<3%,Z\][C#C6SD [F<\
MAE<H/5%NH1K4A"9:G2$! 3;$)X!9(_1#\4P*XNHUGKP"I&KP0MQ%',L#E9;_
M7">,3,'V6[5NZ>JPVV3*(@R()-@=P$^I_* _(!6#;EDHT!R_H:G'_J$Y'@K-
M<=#0'+\'FN4K#P2:DS<T]<0_-"=#H3D)&IJ3=T$C.][K6#.3'V_%DK_:'LX&
ME5Z0:5NU G.0A8=+RUL?+"I K6=4B$],\H75K;@3_"5A$;QDAN1>@ %,6ZDQ
MM.&A8S?8QT^U(-9Q7L>:8E'>^R71,C^C3-.D?8@I-.%!TC36.[@4:I](W/$T
MP_3?R7/GB;A=[ 4/JV$K) UE>*C8[/4!4\0@&>3CQ+K$5=W0L+Y*9I2[>P78
M8NOP"G"M, @(;([:KP 75T\*D>MN5HP*@H$1H5GLK),MIJH^KI6%T<5M0ZT>
MSK_74N/CBZRRN]"[1\[@!P3:$E<]#9G3O6V6!]'C@"FSUW,9RG6>KL:K#!.I
M??BNE3F;V4T[U42N"X+H7=--:YK6Y8Y[\S>19'+/,[[9;%EYE\?VW""@<]7+
MG39UCUM%0?1^ES.3A%*+FF+'6"PX3:(D2]CZ5WGR*1)L:Y5-Y H(V*"FH:T(
M @70ELG!08BTTC$$=X(H"(GLB/PE0)582-P^/%AG^RZQ*RCZ#6LX8&40D/3:
M,V&1 >.H%H&*$)3'^,5FGJ9;(MX$CR7$$T*@>0"DECY$G""3O5 5@3[96I!H
M*^?'_?1XM4PR:CNY;$N<S4F N6I&,LJ#8 ,P9;*0ER'^@*;'?UO]'>DHQ]U_
MPY<"J]RQB_UFQ2F0?<JJ<@5!AT7-@442! JP+Y.&&XY**2JT/K)3-<Q:FF.4
MNP+ :DMW?:,PB$ZW.6I]^1M][6G(O]Q%C](4 5Y(L,M<#_TVD^;P7]<$@4"'
ML=9)22E%6NOCA83#E+7N7P2LO2T"UCV+@'6(BX#UT$7 VMLB0.^V2!$BQZ7;
M%4W6&$A.V*EV#46'99,/BS0H5&!_X)A1A:!#C.N,EGF*,Y6>7VSR_5_)#Y96
M CIG.2V[;%9)+6VB(!CI<M9*:UDDG:N)D5*[YF(;)QF)"S-7"<,L2C"MTB/:
MKHCWASBC9:#Y"IP>?1@,#3/9PJD(T[D,J\!#JDO7E]*+!S!^(Y3^PO@K6Q"<
M<D;BXEJ*[4Y1M][M$S,]MIL/S0#B(' :XA!X=$8%C9]4%-)AY94P+R1]XW3+
M,BSR=\F%;60"=&[) 6PVB3%$ 9%B=P804HE1H?;S@G:1/:):9!6_.P0V$)([
M?EV[T[3QUK95&Q SG0:A=[C+G!^'M7$1Y>D5RXRHWXM(7L@7G.'2&]A>2.[Z
MI<HNT^;;E#9M0 AU&@3?GZQB5*H8K)GREC)&S.12:\T[GA(W5.X3Q[0LMG/'
M5)* \+#YZL@@(Y#6>F%AL<&4?MZF"2,I/!$9*K<L6"TV66A( F+!Y@M@(9<B
MK?7"PN6&B+6<WGX6_#5[+/.S@FT#U&[9Z+3<9,0J#8B5+G\ ,SH$%3$ZI:X?
M>':'A.)%ED6XI1:I8VQ LP8S+5U(P$#F6K10$JGK+3<\0TN.OJ8$98\$798_
M0U?/!%_4X^N71J)(O1!1K,I9C(4-H2ZQ\U\= 0VW?GNDI0P"I%Y[\.^05!%(
MASBFYE8R+.KG<;F)>48VX-L._2&N"!IJ7G/4IP^"IH$F3:;RL.;)=1Z(5*3/
M;$;UY/;P$J\A<KPRMA@T%L8U11",@+:@97']MP+\Y,[;KF@275&.X:LL#8WC
MC'EM>T:RO(,@( +:KJ 4>;D0Y4HO_?\9LR>Q?<ZB_9W@$2'J*:NT&JWZKK\-
MC';+S)N:U*1I4&A G+W%+T#@H0I4J^-#;<;R>3%//32NLKGQZ&GQB.4!O-UF
MJ9I!I3'X*GAGD./;"P,:8-QDZ(@("+T!-J$;#GDDRD,_H"(8U:(]G9^EARR
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MX9LB0'%H?%#?* 3&4!*FJ_:1KGM[P+VQMOC&_7)O9;5'_@=02P,$%     @
M$C@I6\;:1[\2*P  RBP   D   !L;V=O,BYJ<&>M>&=44]^W[4&:4J5W(J""
MTD0$5$I$A8 *2!,!)4KO2&\A49#>Q **0I"N(!&EEX0.@G0D$!!(0.F04 .D
MO/S^M[P[WG@?[KOCK9SS(?N4O>=9>\TUUZ)/T.> D[<,C0T!)B8F((SQ ^A3
MP V ^=BQ?PZ&L3 .UN.LK"PLK!SL[&S'N3BXN#@Y.#FY>?A/<O/P\7!RGA0^
MR2<@*"0DQ,4K(BHL*,HO*"3XSTN8F!G/L+">8&4](<C-R2WX_VST%H#O.!#
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M6J504LQ^+(+C,'YOA]RN^@PM;8#WT40H6I.8U!H__M7VWT^?;T$-FO&&P>E
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M@.[J\B7V#S2KI.E@P^&%W4_G.&+&GZ6L!*B/%@7.R!*ELPB*4SX&^"/-2L]
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MAY].XWU67;[?7]D//*$#BT6@Q:)0T#_C#(Y-_X*84S>G QSR!&,Z\$["CE$
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MP<#_[ WBF&DFLW,EU,@^(Q'+Q0CAI+M7BA/!A@PYD,M.4W*>9@CIZW:'R:A
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M4/C7FM_]2]][N]^UA[(,L;L0[T'C400ZD'![;BPG^-DG1,?V0 _;/*@M2K&
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M(\NXFQ&H9-_' 2]K$EU'N^+K9D?JZ0 NQG*,XD38/$:1&M40\Y8C,8<?5B]
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M:)@.G"=M.[0>04E'1F%-AU6(WJ;()U\**I.GO6=7G/_/(K5Z^T-'^+\UC''
M_%X(^1P=<-@:^VK_?3%)V\+9/.-.;O0ESP[^/*2E\1\9&E_Z'8X0 S'IJI8'
M0  ;+\R\=3V]9*MT(?MR=[\L2NQ/K,EC/[V2@)H]X:W9@0XFJ2K7Z\;+^X&W
M\%ZIA]%L%XW7H:;P-@2;/*F[0XB40V%QORK6WY2B9[O!:X)NC/B;0Y3?$R/)
MIU><&J-XHO"_F9\$NM$!5:U3(:#?4'CU(2\>>F+9@7/()RA*N$V16W,R!,)U
M@WEUP^S+;9="+X&G3%WS4'4O@ ZTAR]+M1!7X9+8T<=&[+,C3>H$Y%I?($F
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M:U\P.3 Y,C4N:'1M4$L! A0#%     @ $C@I6VP-,Y(P P  _0L  !$
M         ( !D1X  &AB:6\M,C R-3 Y,#4N>'-D4$L! A0#%     @ $C@I
M6WRC3L#]"@  ?X8  !4              ( !\"$  &AB:6\M,C R-3 Y,#5?
M;&%B+GAM;%!+ 0(4 Q0    ( !(X*5LP;F2$7P<  .97   5
M  "  2 M  !H8FEO+3(P,C4P.3 U7W!R92YX;6Q02P$"% ,4    "  2."E;
MQMI'OQ(K  #*+   "0              @ &R-   ;&]G;S(N:G!G4$L%!@
0   &  8 <0$  .M?      $!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>17
<FILENAME>f8k_090925_htm.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xbrl
  xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"
  xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025"
  xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217"
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <link:schemaRef xlink:href="hbio-20250905.xsd" xlink:type="simple"/>
    <context id="AsOf2025-09-05">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001123494</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-09-05</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-09-05</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <unit id="USD">
        <measure>iso4217:USD</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="Shares">
        <measure>shares</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="USDPShares">
        <divide>
            <unitNumerator>
                <measure>iso4217:USD</measure>
            </unitNumerator>
            <unitDenominator>
                <measure>shares</measure>
            </unitDenominator>
        </divide>
    </unit>
    <dei:AmendmentFlag contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000003">false</dei:AmendmentFlag>
    <dei:EntityCentralIndexKey contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000004">0001123494</dei:EntityCentralIndexKey>
    <dei:DocumentType contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000009">8-K</dei:DocumentType>
    <dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000010">2025-09-05</dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate>
    <dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000011">HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
    <dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000012">DE</dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode>
    <dei:EntityFileNumber contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000013">001-33957</dei:EntityFileNumber>
    <dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000014">04-3306140</dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber>
    <dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1 contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000015">84 October Hill Road</dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1>
    <dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000016">Holliston</dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown>
    <dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000017">MA</dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince>
    <dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000018">01746</dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode>
    <dei:CityAreaCode contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000019">(508)</dei:CityAreaCode>
    <dei:LocalPhoneNumber contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000020">893-8999</dei:LocalPhoneNumber>
    <dei:WrittenCommunications contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000021">false</dei:WrittenCommunications>
    <dei:SolicitingMaterial contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000022">false</dei:SolicitingMaterial>
    <dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000023">false</dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer>
    <dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000024">false</dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer>
    <dei:Security12bTitle contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000025">Common Stock, $0.01 par value</dei:Security12bTitle>
    <dei:TradingSymbol contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000026">HBIO</dei:TradingSymbol>
    <dei:SecurityExchangeName contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000027">NASDAQ</dei:SecurityExchangeName>
    <dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany contextRef="AsOf2025-09-05" id="Fact000028">false</dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany>
</xbrl>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
