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Business and Liquidity Uncertainties | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
Business And Liquidity Uncertainties |
Business and Liquidity Uncertainties | Note 2 - Business and Liquidity Uncertainties Basis of Presentation The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial statements and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) applicable to interim financial statements, and therefore do not include all disclosures that might normally be required for financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management without audit and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations and other comprehensive loss and consolidated cash flows, for the periods indicated, have been made. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of operating results that may be achieved over the course of the full year. ProPhase Labs, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) Segments Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities for which separate financial information is available and is evaluated by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), which for the Company is its Chief Executive Officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we maintained two operating segments: diagnostic services (which includes our COVID-19 and other diagnostic testing services) and consumer products (which includes our contract manufacturing, retail customers and personal genomics products and services). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we only had the consumer products operating segment. (see Note 15, Segment Information). Business and Liquidity Uncertainties We launched our diagnostic service business in December 2020 and expanded in February 2021 with the opening of our new Garden City, New York CLIA accredited laboratory. Our diagnostic service business is and will continue to be influenced by the level of demand for COVID-19 and other diagnostic testing, the prices we are able to receive for performing our testing services, and the length of time for which that demand persists, as well as the availability of COVID-19 testing from other laboratories and the period of time for which we are able to serve as an authorized laboratory offering COVID-19 testing under various Emergency Use Authorizations. While our revenues increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 as a result of revenues from our new diagnostic services business line, we have made and will continue to make substantial investments to secure the necessary equipment, supplies and personnel to provide these testing services. There can be no assurance that our efforts to offer and perform COVID-19 or other diagnostic testing will be successful in the future or that the revenue and operating profits from such business will increase or maintain their current level. We acquired and commenced our personal genomics business in August 2021. This business will be influenced by demand for our genetic testing products and services, our marketing and service capabilities, and our ability to comply with applicable regulatory requirements. There are still numerous uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including the efficacy of the vaccines that have been developed to treat the virus and their ability to protect against new strains of the virus, people’s willingness to receive a vaccine, possible resurgences of the coronavirus and/or new strains of the virus, the extent and duration of protective and preventative measures that may be adopted by local, state and/or the federal government in the future as a result of future outbreaks, the duration of any future business closures, the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on the U.S. and world economy and consumer confidence, and various other uncertainties. The Company used cash in operating activities of $9.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The Company had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $22.9 million as of September 30, 2021. Based on management’s current business plan, the Company estimates it will have enough cash and liquidity to finance its operating requirements for at least one year from the date of filing these financial statements. The Company’s future capital needs and the adequacy of its available funds will depend on many factors, including, but not necessarily limited to, the actual cost and time necessary to achieve sustained profitability within its newly launched diagnostic services and personal genomics businesses. The Company may be required to raise additional funds through equity or debt securities offerings or strategic collaboration and/or licensing agreements in order to fund operations until it is able to generate enough revenues. Such financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all, and the Company’s failure to raise capital when needed could have a material adverse effect on its strategic objectives, results of operations and financial condition. ProPhase Labs, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto, in conformity with GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the respective reporting periods. Examples include the provision for bad debt, sales returns and allowances, diagnostic services reimbursements, inventory obsolescence, useful lives of property and equipment, impairment of goodwill, intangibles and property and equipment, income tax valuations and assumptions related to accrued advertising. These estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be relevant at the time the financial statements are prepared. Management reviews the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments on a quarterly basis. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents include cash on hand and monies invested in money market funds. The carrying amount approximates the fair market value due to the short-term maturity of these securities. Marketable Debt Securities We have classified our investments in marketable debt securities as available-for-sale and as a current asset. Our investments in marketable debt securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses from our marketable debt securities are recorded as interest income (expense). These investments in marketable debt securities, carry maturity dates between one and three years from date of purchase and interest rates of 1.90% to 3.62% during the first three quarters of Fiscal 2021. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we reported unrealized losses of $32,000 and $111,000, respectively. Unrealized gains and losses are classified as other comprehensive loss and the cost is determined on a specific identification basis. The following is a summary of the components of our marketable debt securities and the underlying fair value input level tier hierarchy (see fair value of financial instruments) (in thousands): Summary of Components of Marketable Securities
|  | As of September 30, 2021 |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |
|  | Cost |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
U.S. government obligations |  | $ | 324 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 323 |
Corporate obligations |  |  | 13,912 |  |  |  | (121 | ) |  |  | 13,791 |
|  | $ | 14,236 |  |  | $ | (122 | ) |  | $ | 14,114 |
|  | As of December 31, 2020 |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |
|  | Cost |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
U.S. government obligations |  | $ | 1,021 |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | 1,014 |
Corporate obligations |  |  | 629 |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | 625 |
|  | $ | 1,650 |  |  | $ | (11 | ) |  | $ | 1,639 |
We believe that the unrealized gains or losses generally are the result of a change in the risk premiums required by market participants rather than an adverse change in cash flows or a fundamental weakness in the credit quality of the issuer or underlying assets. Marketable Equity Securities Marketable equity securities are recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. The change in fair value of marketable equity securities is recognized within other non-operating income, net in the consolidated statements of income. On June 25, 2021, we were issued 1,260,619 common shares (the “Investment Shares”) as an interest payment under our note receivable (see Note 14, Secured Promissory Note Receivable and Consulting Agreement) with a fair value of $315,000. The fair value of the Investment Shares as of September 30, 2021 was based upon the closing stock price of $0.17 per share. The investment was classified as a Level 1 financial instrument. We recorded a $265,000 and $101,000 decrease in fair value of investment securities within the statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. ProPhase Labs, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) Inventories, net Inventory is valued at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in, first-out basis (FIFO), or net realizable value. Inventory items are analyzed to determine cost and the net realizable value and appropriate valuation adjustments are then established. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the financial statements include non-cash adjustments to adjust inventory for excess, obsolete or short-dated shelf-life inventory by $87,000 and $167,000, respectively. The components of inventory are as follows (in thousands): Schedule of Components of Inventory
|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Diagnostic services testing material |  | $ | 6,203 |  |  | $ | 1,028 |
Raw materials |  |  | 1,464 |  |  |  | 1,404 |
Work in process |  |  | 407 |  |  |  | 437 |
Finished goods |  |  | 436 |  |  |  | 170 |
Inventory, net |  | $ | 8,510 |  |  | $ | 3,039 |
Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. We use the straight-line method in computing depreciation for financial reporting purposes. Depreciation expense is computed in accordance with the following ranges of estimated asset lives: building and improvements - ten to thirty-nine years; machinery and equipment including lab equipment - three to seven years; computer equipment and software - three to five years; and furniture and fixtures - five years. We did not identify any indicators of impairment of our property, plant and equipment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 and concluded there were no impairments or changes in useful lives. Concentration of Risks Future revenues, costs, margins and profits will continue to be influenced by our ability to maintain our manufacturing availability and capacity and marketing and distribution capabilities, as well as our ability to comply with the regulatory requirements associated with the development of OTC consumer healthcare products, dietary supplements and other remedies in order to compete on a national level and/or international level. Our diagnostic services business will be influenced by demand for our diagnostic testing services, particularly COVID-19 testing services, our marketing and service capabilities, and our ability to comply with regulatory requirements associated with operating under and maintaining our CLIA license. Our personal genomics business is and will continue to be influenced by demand for our genetic testing products and services, our marketing and service capabilities, and our ability to comply with applicable regulatory requirements. Our business is subject to federal and state laws and regulations adopted for the health and safety of users of our products and services. The manufacturing and distribution of OTC healthcare and dietary supplement products are subject to regulations by various federal, state and local agencies, including the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and, as applicable, the Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States. The FDA is also responsible for the regulation of diagnostic testing instruments, test kits, reagents and other devices used by clinical laboratories. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash investments, marketable debt securities, and trade accounts receivable. Our marketable securities are fixed income investments, which are highly liquid and can be readily purchased or sold through established markets. We maintain cash and cash equivalents with certain major financial institutions. As of September 30, 2021, our cash and cash equivalents balance were $8.5 million and our bank balance was $8.7 million. Of the total bank balance, $1.0 million was covered by federal depository insurance and $7.7 million was uninsured at September 30, 2021. ProPhase Labs, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) Accounts receivable subject us to credit risk concentrations from time-to-time. We extend credit to our consumer healthcare product customers based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and credit history and generally do not require collateral. Our diagnostic services receivable credit risk is based on payer reimbursement experience, which includes government agencies and healthcare insurers, the period the receivables have been outstanding and the historical collection. The collectability of the diagnostic services receivables is also directly linked to the quality of our billing processes, which depend on information provided and billing services of third parties. These credit concentrations impact our overall exposure to credit risk, which could be further affected by changes in economic, regulatory or other conditions that may impact the timing and collectability of trade receivables and diagnostic test receivables. Additionally, the reimbursement receivables from the diagnostic service business are subject to billing errors and related disputes. We also assess the financial condition of the debtor under our note receivable (see Note 14, Secured Promissory Note Receivable and Consulting Agreement), balances due to us. As of September 30, 2021, December 31, 2020 and the financial statements reporting date, the Company expects full realization upon maturity. Leases At the inception of an arrangement, we determine whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances present in the arrangement. Most leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and short-term and long-term lease liabilities, as applicable. We have elected not to recognize on the balance sheet leases with terms of 12 months or less. We typically only include an initial lease term in its assessment of a lease arrangement. Options to renew a lease are not included in our assessment unless there is reasonable certainty that we will renew. Operating lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected remaining lease term. Certain adjustments to the right-of-use asset may be required for items such as incentives received. The interest rate implicit in our leases is typically not readily determinable. As a result, we utilize our incremental borrowing rate, which reflects the fixed rate at which we could borrow on a collateralized basis the amount of the lease payments in the same currency, for a similar term and in a similar economic environment (see Note 11, Leases). The components of a lease should be allocated between lease components (e.g., land, building, etc.) and non-lease components (e.g., common area maintenance, consumables, etc.). The fixed and in-substance fixed contract consideration (including any consideration related to non-components) must be allocated based on the respective relative fair values to the lease components and non-lease components. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the underlying identifiable assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination. Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have an indefinite life are not amortized, but instead are assessed for impairment annually. Additionally, if an event or change in circumstances occurs that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value, we would evaluate goodwill and other intangibles at that time. In testing for goodwill impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances lead to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events and circumstances, we conclude that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is not required. If we conclude otherwise, we are required to perform the two-step impairment test. The goodwill impairment test is performed at the reporting unit level by comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its respective carrying value. If the estimated fair value exceeds the carrying value, goodwill at the reporting unit level is not impaired. If the estimated fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment charge will be recorded to reduce the reporting unit to fair value. ProPhase Labs, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) Intangible assets deemed to have finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, where the useful life is the period over which the asset is expected to contribute directly, or indirectly, to our future cash flows. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews long-lived assets, including property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the asset’s carrying value exceeds the total undiscounted cash flows expected from its use and eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss is determined as the excess of the carrying value of the asset over its fair value. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not have an impairment of the intangible assets. Fair Value of Financial Instruments We measure assets and liabilities at fair value based on expected exit price as defined by the authoritative guidance on fair value measurements, which represents the amount that would be received on the sale date of an asset or paid to transfer a liability, as the case may be, in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value may be based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The authoritative guidance on fair value measurements establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis whereby inputs, used in valuation techniques, are assigned a hierarchical level. The following are the hierarchical levels of inputs to measure fair value:
| ● | Level 1: Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
| ● | Level 2: Inputs reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities; or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
| ● | Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s assumptions incorporated in valuation techniques used to determine fair value. These assumptions are required to be consistent with market participant assumptions that are reasonably available.
The carrying amounts of our financial assets and liabilities, such as cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, secured note receivable and unsecured note payable, approximate their fair values because of the current nature of these instruments. We account for our marketable securities at fair value, with the net unrealized gains or losses of marketable debt securities reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and marketable equity change in fair value reported on the condensed consolidated statement of operations (see Note 14, Secured Promissory Note Receivable and Consulting Agreement). The components of marketable securities and are as follows (in thousands): Schedule of Fair Value of Financial Instruments
|  | As of September 30, 2021 |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Marketable debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government obligations |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 323 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 323 |
Corporate obligations |  |  | - |  |  |  | 13,791 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 13,791 |
Marketable equity securities |  |  | 214 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 214 |
|  | $ | 214 |  |  | $ | 14,114 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 14,328 |
|  | As of December 31, 2020 |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Marketable debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government obligations |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,014 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,014 |
Corporate obligations |  |  | - |  |  |  | 625 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 625 |
|  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,639 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,639 |
There were no transfers of marketable debt securities between Levels 1, 2 or 3 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. ProPhase Labs, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) Revenue Recognition We recognize revenue that represents the transfer of promised goods or services to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. We recognize revenue when performance obligations with our customers have been satisfied. At contract inception, we evaluate the contract to determine if revenue should be recognized using the following five steps: (1) identify the contract with the customer; (2) identify the performance obligations; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Contract with Customers and Performance Obligations A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. We had historically generated sales principally through two types of customers, contract manufacturing and retail customers for our consumer products. Sales from product shipments to contract manufacturing and retailer customers are recognized at the time ownership is transferred to the customer. As of December 2020, we also began generating revenues through diagnostic services and in August 2021 we acquired a personal genomics business, which we now include in our consumer products revenue. See Note 3, Business Acquisitions, for additional information on our October 2020 and August 2021 acquisitions. Revenue from diagnostic services is recognized when the results are made available to the customer. Revenue from our personal genomics business is recognized when the genetic testing results are provided to the customer. For subscription services associated with our genomic testing, we recognize revenue over time as the services are provided to the customer. The Company’s performance obligation for contract manufacturing and retail customers is to provide the goods ordered by the customer. The Company’s has one performance obligation for its diagnostic services, which is to provide the results of the laboratory test to the customer. Our personal genomics business has separate performance obligations to provide initial testing and genome results and subscriptions services to our customers. Transaction Price For contract manufacturing and retail customers, the transaction price is fixed based upon either (i) the terms of a combined master agreement and each related purchase order, or (ii) if there is no master agreement, the price per individual purchase order received from each customer. The customers are invoiced at an agreed upon contractual price for each unit ordered and delivered by the Company. Revenue from retail customers is reduced for trade promotions, estimated sales returns and other allowances in the same period as the related sales are recorded. No such allowance is applicable to our contract manufacturing customers. We estimate potential future product returns and other allowances related to current period revenue. We analyze historical returns, current trends, and changes in customer and consumer demand when evaluating the adequacy of the sales returns and other allowances. We do not accept returns from our contract manufacturing customers. Our return policy for retail customers accommodates returns for (i) discontinued products, (ii) store closings and (iii) products that have reached or exceeded their designated expiration date. We do not impose a period of time during which product may be returned. All requests for product returns must be submitted to us for pre-approval. We will not accept return requests pertaining to customer inventory “Overstocking” or “Resets”. We will accept return requests only for products in their intended package configuration. We reserve the right to terminate shipment of product to customers who have made unauthorized deductions contrary to our return policy or pursue other methods of reimbursement. We compensate the customer for authorized returns by means of a credit applied to amounts owed. ProPhase Labs, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) For our diagnostic services business, a revenue transaction is initiated when we receive a requisition order to perform a diagnostic test. The information provided on the requisition form is used to determine the party that will be billed for the testing performed and the expected reimbursement. We provide diagnostic services to a range of customers, including health plans, government agencies and consumers. In many cases, the customer that orders our services is not responsible for paying for these services. Depending on the billing arrangement and applicable law, the payer may be the patient or a third party, such as a health plan, Medicare or Medicaid program and other government reimbursement programs. We bill the providers at standard price and take into consideration negotiated discounts and anticipated reimbursement remittance adjustments based on, the payer portfolio, when revenue is recorded. We use the most expected value method to estimate the transaction price for reimbursements that vary from the listed contract price. For our personal genomics business, a revenue transaction is initiated by a DNA test kit sale direct to the consumer sales via our website or through online retailers. If the customer does not return the test kit, services cannot be completed by the Company, potentially resulting in unexercised rights (“breakage”) revenue. The Company recognizes the breakage amounts as revenue, proportionate to the pattern of revenue recognition of the returning test kits. The Company estimates breakage for the portion of test kits not expected to be returned using an analysis of historical data and considers other factors that could influence customer test kit return behavior. The Company recognized breakage revenue from unreturned test kits of $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. Recognize Revenue When the Company Satisfies a Performance Obligation Performance obligations related to contract manufacturing and retail customers are satisfied at a point in time when the goods are shipped to the customer as (i) we have transferred control of the assets to the customers upon shipping, and (ii) the customer obtains title and assumes the risks and rewards of ownership after the goods are shipped. For diagnostic services, the Company satisfies its performance obligation at the point in time that the results are made available to the customer, which is when the customer benefits from the information contained in the results and obtains control. For genomic services, the Company satisfies its product performance obligation at a point in time when the genetics testing results are provided to the customer. For subscriptions services associated with its genomic testing, the Company satisfies its performance obligation over time as the applicable services are provided to the customer. Contract Balances As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we have deferred revenue of $1,623,000 and $331,000, respectively. Our newly launched personal genomics business contributed $1,403,000 to our deferred revenue as of September 30, 2021. The remainder of deferred revenue relates to research and development (“R&D”) stability and release testing programs recognized as contract manufacturing revenue. Deferred revenues primarily consist of amounts that have been billed to or received from customers in advance of revenue recognition and prepayments received from customers in advance of services performed for the R&D work. We recognize deferred revenues as revenues when the services are performed and the corresponding revenue recognition criteria are met. Customer prepayments are generally applied against invoices issued to customers when services are performed and billed. The following table disaggregates our deferred revenue by recognition period (in thousands): Schedule of Deferred Revenue
|  | As of September 30, 2021 |  |  | As of December 31, 2020 |
Recognition Period |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
0-12 Months |  | $ | 1,517 |  |  | $ | 169 |
13-24 Months |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | 84 |
Over 24 Months |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 78 |
Total |  | $ | 1,623 |  |  | $ | 331 |
Disaggregation of Revenue We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers into four categories: contract manufacturing, retail and others, diagnostic services and genomic products and services. We determined that disaggregating revenue into these categories achieves the disclosure objective to depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. ProPhase Labs, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) The following table disaggregates our revenue by revenue source for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands): Schedule of Disaggregation by Revenue
|  | For the three months ended |  |  | For the nine months ended |
Revenue by Customer Type |  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | September 30, 2020 |  |  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | September 30, 2020 |
Contract manufacturing |  | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 3,630 |  |  | $ | 4,069 |  |  | $ | 8,825 |
Retail and others |  |  | 1,210 |  |  |  | 210 |  |  |  | 2,400 |  |  |  | 526 |
Diagnostic services |  |  | 7,142 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 27,416 |  |  |  | - |
Total revenue, net |  | $ | 9,472 |  |  | $ | 3,840 |  |  | $ | 33,885 |  |  | $ | 9,351 |
Customer Consideration The Company makes payments to certain diagnostic services customers for distinct services that approximate fair value for those services. Such services include specimen collection, the collection and delivery of insurance and patient information necessary for billing and collection, logistics services, as well as other information requirements. Consideration associated with specimen collection services is classified in cost of revenues and the remaining costs are classified as diagnostic expenses within operating expenses in the accompanying statement of operations. Diagnostic services cost of revenue includes specimen collection payments to customers and other costs incurred in connection with the Company operated laboratories, including reagent and other raw material costs, direct and indirect labor and other laboratory facility overhead (see Note 15, Segment Information). Shipping and Handling Activities We account for shipping and handling activities that we perform as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the goods. Advertising and Incentive Promotions Advertising and incentive promotion costs are expensed within the period in which they are utilized. Advertising and incentive promotion expense is comprised of (i) media advertising, presented as part of sales and marketing expense, (ii) cooperative incentive promotions and coupon program expenses, which are accounted for as part of net sales, and (iii) free product, which is accounted for as part of cost of sales. Advertising and incentive promotion expenses incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were $136,000 and $451,000, respectively. Advertising and incentive promotion expenses incurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were $415,000 and $547,000, respectively. Share-Based Compensation We recognize all share-based payments to employees, directors and consultants, including grants of stock options and common shares, as compensation expense in the financial statements based on their fair values. Fair values of stock options are determined through the use of the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The compensation cost is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period of the award, which usually coincides with the vesting period. We account for forfeitures as they occur. Stock and stock options to purchase our common stock have been granted to employees pursuant to the terms of certain agreements and stock option plans. Stock options are exercisable during a period determined by us, but in no event later than seven years from the date granted. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we charged to operations $934,000 and $283,000, respectively, for share-based compensation expense associated with vesting of outstanding equity awards and common shares issued for services. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we charged to operations $2,438,000 and $679,000, respectively, for share-based compensation expense associated with vesting of outstanding equity awards and common shares issued for services. ProPhase Labs, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) Research and Development R&D costs are charged to operations in the period incurred. R&D costs incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were $208,000 and $57,000, respectively. R&D costs incurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were $416,000 and $181,000, respectively. R&D costs are principally related to personnel expenses and new product development initiatives and costs associated with our OTC health care products, dietary supplements and validation fees in association with the diagnostic services business including the validation work of the diagnostic services business. Income Taxes We utilize the asset and liability approach, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. In estimating future tax consequences, we generally consider all expected future events other than enactments of changes in the tax law or rates. Until sufficient taxable income to offset the temporary timing differences attributable to operations and the tax deductions attributable to option, warrant and stock activities are assured, a valuation allowance equaling the total deferred tax asset is being provided. We utilize a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Any interest or penalties related to income taxes will be recorded as interest or administrative expense, respectively. As a result of our historical losses from continuing operations, we have recorded a full valuation allowance against a net deferred tax asset. Additionally, we have not recorded a liability for unrecognized tax benefit. Recently Issued Accounting Standards, Not Yet Adopted In September 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). The ASU sets forth a “current expected credit loss” (CECL) model which requires the Company to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and applies to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. In February 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), which amends the effective date of the original pronouncement for smaller reporting companies. ASU 2016-13 and its amendments will be effective for the Company for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU on our financial statements. The FASB recently issued ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470- 20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, to reduce complexity in applying GAAP to certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The guidance in ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock by removing the existing guidance that requires entities to account for beneficial conversion features and cash conversion features in equity, separately from the host convertible debt or preferred stock. The guidance in ASC 470-20 applies to convertible instruments for which the embedded conversion features are not required to be bifurcated from the host contract and accounted for as derivatives. In addition, the amendments revise the scope exception from derivative accounting in ASC 815-40 for freestanding financial instruments and embedded features that are both indexed to the issuer’s own stock and classified in stockholders’ equity, by removing certain criteria required for equity classification. These amendments are expected to result in more freestanding financial instruments qualifying for equity classification (and, therefore, not accounted for as derivatives), as well as fewer embedded features requiring separate accounting from the host contract. The amendments in ASU 2020-06 further revise the guidance in ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, to require entities to calculate diluted earnings per share (EPS) for convertible instruments by using the if-converted method. In addition, entities must presume share settlement for purposes of calculating diluted EPS when an instrument may be settled in cash or shares. The amendments in ASU 2020-06 are effective for public entities, excluding smaller reporting companies, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU on our financial statements. ProPhase Labs, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU reduces diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (for example, warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. This ASU provides guidance for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another Topic. It specifically addresses: (1) how an entity should treat a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; (2) how an entity should measure the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; and (3) how an entity should recognize the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange. This ASU will be effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. An entity should apply the amendments prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The adoption of ASU 2021-04 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements or disclosures. In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2021-08”). The standard improves the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination by addressing diversity in practice and inconsistency related to (1) recognition of an acquired contract liability and (2) payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer. ASU 2021-08 will be effective for the Company for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We are in the process of evaluating the impact that ASU 2021-08 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements and associated disclosures.

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