<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001171843-25-002027.txt : 20250404
<SEC-HEADER>0001171843-25-002027.hdr.sgml : 20250404
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250404162014
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001171843-25-002027
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		17
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250403
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250404
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250404

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Edesa Biotech, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001540159
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		EIN:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			A1
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0930

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-37619
		FILM NUMBER:		25815032

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		100 SPY COURT
		CITY:			MARKHAM
		STATE:			A6
		ZIP:			L3R 5H6
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(905) 475-1234

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		100 SPY COURT
		CITY:			MARKHAM
		STATE:			A6
		ZIP:			L3R 5H6

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Stellar Biotechnologies, Inc.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20120120
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>8-K
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>f8k_040325.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM 8-K
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margin-bottom: 6pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p><p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;">Emerging growth company <ix:nonNumeric format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" contextRef="Form8K" id="ixv-222">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></p><p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</p><div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt solid;">&#160;</div><div style="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">&#160;</div><!-- 8-K Items --><div><div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>Item 5.02. Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.</strong></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify;">&#160;</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><em>Resignation of Stephen Lemieux</em></p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify;">&#160;</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">On April 3, 2025, Stephen Lemieux, Chief Financial Officer of Edesa Biotech, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), notified the Company of his intention to resign from his position and responsibilities as Chief Financial Officer, effective May 1, 2025, to pursue another professional opportunity. Following his departure as Chief Financial Officer, it is expected that Mr. Lemieux will enter into a consulting agreement with the Company pursuant to which he will serve as a senior financial advisor to the Company on a contract basis. His decision to resign did not result from a disagreement with the Company or any of its officers or other directors on any matter relating to the operations, policies or practices of the Company.</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">&#160;</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><em>Appointment of Peter J. Weiler</em></p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify;">&#160;</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">On April 3, 2025, the Company appointed Peter J. Weiler to serve as the Company&#8217;s Chief Financial Officer, effective May 1, 2025 (the &#8220;Effective Date&#8221;). In such capacity, Mr. Weiler will serve as the principal financial officer and principal accounting officer of the Company.</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">&#160;</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">Since August 2018, Mr. Weiler, 56, served as President of Exzell Pharma, Inc., a privately held, commercial-stage pharmaceutical company. From August 2017 to August 2018, Mr. Weiler served as Vice President of Business Development at Biosyent Inc. (TSX: RX). Prior to that, he served in various roles at Cipher Pharmaceuticals Inc. (TSX: CPH), including Vice President of Business Development from January 2015 to June 2017, Senior Director from January 2012 to January 2014, and Director from December 2008 to December 2011. Prior to Cipher, he served as Senior Director of Investment Analysis at DRI Capital Inc. and held research and financial positions at Eli Lilly Canada Inc. Mr. Weiler holds a Master of Business Administration degree from the Ivey School of Business, University of Western Ontario, a Masters of Science in Biology degree from the University of Western Ontario, and a Bachelor of Science (Honors Biology) degree and Diploma in Accounting from Wilfrid Laurier University.</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">&#160;</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">On April 3, 2025, the Company entered into an employment agreement (the &#8220;Employment Agreement&#8221;) with Mr. Weiler, pursuant to which Mr. Weiler will serve as Chief Financial Officer of the Company starting on the Effective Date for an indefinite term until Mr. Weiler &#8217;s employment is terminated in accordance with the Employment Agreement. As compensation for his services to the Company, Mr. Weiler will receive a base salary of $300,000 USD per annum. Mr. Weiler is also eligible to receive a target annual bonus of 40% of his base salary based on performance in the prior calendar year, subject to achieving corporate and personal targets determined by the Company and the Board of Directors. Mr. Weiler will also receive an automobile allowance of $2,000 per month and is eligible to participate in the Company&#8217;s group insured benefits program, as may be in effect from time-to-time for the Company&#8217;s employees generally, and executive employees specifically. Mr. Weiler is eligible for future equity-based awards, as determined by the Board of Directors, commensurate with Mr. Weiler&#8217;s position and any business milestones which may be established by the Company.</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">&#160;</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">If Mr. Weiler&#8217;s employment with the Company is terminated for &#8220;Cause&#8221; (as such term is defined in the Employment Agreement), subject to applicable law, the Company&#8217;s only obligation shall be to provide Mr. Weiler with his base salary and vacation pay earned through the date of termination and all of Mr. Weiler&#8217;s non-vested equity-based awards as of the date of termination will be automatically extinguished. All vested equity-based awards will be subject to the terms of the applicable equity incentive compensation plan. If Mr. Weiler is terminated by the Company without &#8220;Cause&#8221;, subject to Mr. Weiler executing a general release of claims in a form reasonably required by the Company, the Company&#8217;s obligation shall be to provide Mr. Weiler with (i) a lump sum payment equal to Mr. Weiler&#8217;s then current base salary for twelve months plus one additional month for every completed year of service since May 1, 2025, not to exceed an aggregate of twenty-four months (the &#8220;Severance Period&#8221;), (ii) a lump sum payment of the annual bonus to which Mr. Weiler is entitled for the calendar year immediately preceding the date of termination, if such bonus has not already been paid, (iii) a lump sum payment equal to Mr. Weiler&#8217;s annual bonus entitlement, prorated over Mr. Weiler&#8217;s length of service in the calendar year in which his employment is terminated, calculated in accordance with the terms of the Employment Agreement, (iv) payment of Mr. Weiler&#8217;s annual bonus entitlement during the full Severance Period, calculated in accordance with the terms of the Employment Agreement, (v) continuation of Mr. Weiler&#8217;s benefits and car allowance and any other benefit required to be maintained by law in accordance with the terms of the Employment Agreement and (vi) subject to applicable law, any and all vested equity-based awards shall be exercisable in accordance with the terms of the applicable equity incentive compensation plan. If Mr. Weiler&#8217;s employment is terminated or &#8220;constructively terminated&#8221; (as such term is defined in the Employment Agreement) by the Company without &#8220;Cause&#8221; upon or within a twelve month period following a Change of Control (as such term is defined in the Employment Agreement), Mr. Weiler shall be entitled to the payments and benefits provided as described in clauses (ii) to (vi) above, plus a change of control payment equal to twenty-four months of his then current base salary. Mr. Weiler may resign from his employment at any time by providing the Company with a minimum of sixty days advance notice, in writing. Mr. Weiler&#8217;s notice may be waived by the Company, subject only to providing Mr. Weiler with payment of his base salary and continuation of benefits until the end of the notice period. If Mr. Weiler resigns from his employment, subject to applicable law, (i) all non-vested equity-based awards held by Mr. Weiler as of the date of termination shall be automatically extinguished and all vested equity-based awards will be subject to the terms of the applicable equity incentive compensation plan and (ii) Mr. Weiler shall not be entitled to any bonus or pro rata bonus payment not already awarded on or before the date of termination.</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">&#160;</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">During the term of Mr. Weiler&#8217;s employment with the Company and for twelve months following the cessation of Mr. Weiler&#8217;s employment with the Company, Mr. Weiler is prohibited from competing with the Company&#8217;s business in North America. In addition, for twenty-four months following the cessation of Mr. Weiler&#8217;s employment with the Company, Mr. Weiler is prohibited from soliciting customers or prospective customers for any purpose competitive with the Company&#8217;s business, encouraging any customer to cease doing business with the Company and soliciting the employment or engagement of certain of the Company&#8217;s employees.</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">&#160;</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">The foregoing is only a summary of the material terms of the Employment Agreement and does not purport to be complete. The foregoing summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Employment Agreement, which is attached hereto as Exhibit 10.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">&#160;</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">There is no family relationship between Mr. Weiler and any director or executive officer of the Company. There are no transactions between Mr. Weiler and the Company that would be required to be reported under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K.</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">&#160;</p></div></div><div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>Item 8.01. Other Events.</strong></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">&#160;</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">A press release announcing Mr. Weiler&#8217;s appointment as an executive officer was issued by the Company on April 4, 2025, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1.</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">&#160;</p></div></div><div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.</strong></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt;">(d) <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exhibits</span></p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">The following exhibits are filed as part of this Current Report on Form 8-K:</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">&#160;</p><table style="font-size: 10pt;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;" valign="bottom">Exhibit Number</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 20px;">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;" valign="bottom">Description</td></tr><tr><td style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 20px;">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="exh_101.htm">10.1*</a></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 20px;">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="exh_101.htm">Employment Agreement, dated April 3, 2025, by and between the Company and Peter Weiler.</a></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 20px;">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="exh_991.htm">99.1</a></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 20px;">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="exh_991.htm">Press Release, dated April 4, 2025.</a></td></tr><tr><td style="font-size: 10pt;">104</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 20px;">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</td></tr></table><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">&#160;</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt;">* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.</p><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">&#160;</p></div></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt solid;">&#160;</div><div style="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">&#160;</div><!-- Signatures --><p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">SIGNATURE</p><p style="font-size: 10pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p><table style="width: 100%;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td>&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;" colspan="2">EDESA BIOTECH, INC.</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td style="width: 49%;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 49%;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;"/></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td style="font-size: 10pt;">Date: April 4, 2025</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;">By:&#160;</td><td style="text-decoration: underline; font-size: 10pt;">/s/ Pardeep Nijhawan&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;">Pardeep Nijhawan</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;">Director, Chief Executive Officer and Corporate Secretary</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;"/></tr></table><!-- Exhibit Index --><div></div><!-- (289) 800-9600 Form 8-KApril 4, 2025 --><p>&#160;</p></body></html>
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<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 10.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 29.1pt"><IMG SRC="logo.jpg" ALT=""><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 158.9pt 0pt 162.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 16pt">Employment
Agreement</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.25pt; margin: 0pt 43.85pt 0pt 11.3pt">THIS AGREEMENT is made as of April 3, 2025, with effect
from May 1, 2025. Between:</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 93.75pt 0pt 97.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 93.75pt 0pt 97.95pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><B>EDESA BIOTECH INC</B>., a company incorporated pursuant
to</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 93.75pt 0pt 97.95pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">the laws of the Province of <B>British Columbia </B>(hereinafter</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 93.75pt 0pt 97.95pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">referred to as &quot;the Employer&quot; or &#8220;the Company&#8221;)</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 158.55pt 0pt 162.5pt">AND</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 93.75pt 0pt 97.95pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><B>Peter Weiler </B>of [**] (hereinafter referred to as &quot;the Employee&quot;)</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 12.75pt 0pt 33.85pt">WHEREAS the Employer wishes to offer employment to the
Employee on the terms and conditions set out in this Employment Agreement (&quot;Agreement&quot;) and the Employee wishes to accept the
offer of employment;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 12.75pt 0pt 33.85pt">AND WHEREAS the Employee confirms that he has the skills
and knowledge to perform the duties of the position of Chief Financial Officer and has not misrepresented his experience or qualifications
for the position.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 12.75pt 0pt 33.85pt">In consideration of the payments, mutual covenants and
other good and valuable consideration (the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged by the parties), it is agreed by and
between the parties as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">1.</TD><TD>TERM OF EMPLOYMENT</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">The employment of the Employee under the terms and conditions
of this Agreement shall commence May 1, 2025 and will continue for an indefinite term until terminated in accordance with this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">2.</TD><TD>DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">The Employee shall be employed in the position of Chief Financial Officer
(CFO) for the Company, and subject to the direction otherwise by the Company, will also act as CFO to its affiliated entities Edesa Biotech
Research, Inc. (&#8220;Edesa Research&#8221;), an Ontario corporation and Edesa Biotech USA, Inc. (Edesa USA), a California corporation
(collectively, the &#8220;Edesa</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 12.75pt 0pt 11.75pt; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">Entities&#8221;). The Employee will be responsible for performing such duties
as the Employer or its designee may reasonably assign, including all duties usually and customarily rendered by and required of a Chief
Financial Officer of a publicly traded company, and including such duties as are described in any written job description that may be
provided to the Employee and amended from time to time, provided that in no event may such an amendment or duties assigned to the Employee
materially diminish the Employee&#8217;s level of responsibilities, title, and stature as Chief Financial Officer of the Employer.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">The Employee shall devote his full time and attention
to the business and affairs of the Company and the Edesa Entities and work those hours required to meet his duties and responsibilities
hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">During the term of his employment, the Employee will
refrain from engaging in any activities in which the Employee&#8217;s personal interests conflict with the Employee&#8217;s duties, responsibilities,
and attention to the affairs of the Company. As such, the Employee will not, directly or indirectly, engage or participate in any other
business activities which conflict with the Employee&#8217;s duties, responsibilities, and attention to the affairs of the Company without
the written consent of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">3.</TD><TD>COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">In consideration of the services to be provided hereunder,
the Employee, during the term of his employment, shall be paid a gross annual base salary of $300,000 USD (&#8220;<B>Base Salary</B>&#8221;)
payable in equal bi-weekly installments, in arrears, less applicable statutory deductions and withholdings. Salaries are reviewed annually
in March on the basis of such factors as, but not limited to, merit, market performance, job grade and potential. However, any increase
to the Employee's Base Salary is in the sole discretion of the Employer <FONT STYLE="color: #1F1F1F">and the Board of Directors</FONT>.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">The Employee shall be eligible for a target
annual bonus of 40% of the Employee&#8217;s Base Salary, based on performance in the prior calendar year, subject to achieving corporate
and personal targets to be determined by the Employer and the Board of Directors, taking into account input from the Employee regarding
his personal targets. The Employee acknowledges that: (i) terms and conditions of the applicable bonus program may change each calendar
year at the discretion of the Employer; (ii) there will be no guaranteed level of Bonus in any year.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">The Employee will be eligible for equity-based
awards under the Company&#8217;s Equity Incentive Compensation Plan as determined by the Board of Directors, commensurate with the Employee&#8217;s
position and any business milestones which may be established by the Employer.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">The Employee shall receive an automobile
allowance of $2,000 USD per month payable in accordance with the Employer&#8217;s practices and subject to applicable deductions.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">Subject to the terms of applicable policies and plans, the Employee
will be eligible to participate in the Employer's group insured benefits program, as may be in effect from time to time for its employees
generally, and executive employees specifically. Benefits, coverages, policies and plans may be amended or terminated by the Employer
at any time, without advance notice or</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">other obligation, provided however that in the event of such
amendment or termination, the Employer will either make available to the Employee benefits coverage substantially comparable in scope
to the preceding coverage, or reimburse the Employee for the cost of obtaining private coverage substantially comparable in scope to the
preceding coverage.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">4.</TD><TD>EXPENSES</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">The Employer shall reimburse the Employee for reasonable and
documented expenses actually and necessarily incurred by the Employee in the performance of this Agreement, in accordance with the Employer&#8217;s
policies and procedures. The employee will use best efforts to take advantage of free courses provided by the accounting firms, law firms
and the regulators.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">5.</TD><TD>VACATION</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">The Employer's vacation year is January 1<SUP>st</SUP>
to December 31<SUP>st</SUP>. During the first year of employment, vacation time will be pro-rated based upon the Employee's start date.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">During each full calendar year, the Employee will be entitled
to four (4) weeks&#8217; vacation, which shall accrue in accordance with the Employer&#8217;s vacation policy. Vacation is to be taken
at a time acceptable to the Employer acting reasonably having regard to reasonable business requirements.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">6.</TD><TD>POLICIES AND PROCEDURES</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">As a term and condition of employment, the Employee
agrees to comply with, and be bound by, the Employer's handbook and other employment policies and procedures. From time to time, the Employer's
handbook and other policies and procedures may be changed by the Employer, in its sole discretion, without advance notice. It is the sole
responsibility of the Employee to review and understand any changes to the Employer's handbook or other policies and procedures.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">7.</TD><TD>TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">The Employer may terminate the employment of the Employee at any time:</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(a)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.35pt">for cause, in which case the employee shall receive payment of any Base Salary and vacation pay earned
to the date of termination. Subject only to any minimum requirements to the contrary under the ESA, all Base Salary, vacation pay accrual
and participation in any other benefits (including group benefits and car allowance) will cease immediately upon the date of termination
for cause, and no other bonus or other payments will be payable to the Employee. Furthermore, subject only to any minimum requirements
to the contrary under the ESA, all non-vested equity-based awards shall be automatically extinguished. All vested equity-based awards
shall be subject to the terms of the applicable Equity Incentive Compensation Plan.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">&#8220;Cause&#8221; means the existence of just cause for
termination of employment at common law as determined by the law of the province of Ontario, including but not limited to</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">fraud, theft, dishonesty, illegality, conflict of interest, gross incompetence
or breach of any material obligation under this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(b)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt">without cause, in which case the Employee will be entitled to the following if the Employee executes
a general release of claims in a form reasonably required by the Company (Release Agreement) within thirty days after Employee&#8217;s
termination date:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt"> (i) a lump sum payment equal to the Employee&#8217;s then Base Salary for twelve months plus one additional month for every completed year of service since May 1, 2025 (the &#8220;Severance Period&#8221;, which shall not exceed 24 months), inclusive of, and not in addition to, the Employee&#8217;s notice, vacation pay and severance entitlements (if any) pursuant to the ESA;</P>



<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt"> (ii) a lump sum payment of the annual bonus to which the Employee is entitled for the calendar year immediately preceding the date of termination, if such bonus has not already been paid;</P>



<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt"> (iii) a lump sum payment equal to the Employee&#8217;s annual bonus entitlement, prorated over the Employee&#8217;s length of service in the calendar year in which his employment was terminated, such annual bonus entitlement to be calculated using an average of the bonus percentages paid or payable for the two calendar years immediately preceding the termination, or the most recent calendar year immediately preceding the termination if only one calendar year was completed since the effective date of this Agreement. If employment terminates during the course of the calendar year in which this Agreement became effective, then the bonus percentage will be calculated using the &#8220;at target&#8221; percentage described in section 3, above. If no bonus payment was awarded for the two previous calendar years, then no bonus shall be payable to the Employee;</P>



<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt"> (iv) payment of the Employee&#8217;s annual bonus entitlement during the full Severance Period (prorated for a partial calendar year), such annual bonus entitlement to be paid on the same dates as for other executives but calculated using only the corporate targets applicable to comparable employees and no personal target. For the sake of clarity, if for example the bonus is weighted 60% personal target and 40% corporate target and corporate achievements justify paying out at 50% corporate target, then the bonus percentage payout for such calendar year will amount to 8% of the Employee&#8217;s Base Salary further prorated for the Severance Period;</P>



<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt"> (v) continuation of the Employee&#8217;s benefits and car allowance and any other benefit required to be maintained pursuant to the ESA for any minimum period required by the ESA and, to the extent permissible under the terms of the applicable benefits plans, continuation of the Employee&#8217;s health and dental benefits for the balance of the Severance Period or until the Employee becomes eligible for similar benefits through new employment, whichever is earlier. For clarity, all other benefits, including cell phone allowance, disability benefits, accidental death &amp; dismemberment, and life insurance, shall cease as of the end of the minimum statutory notice period under the ESA; and</P>



<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt"> (vi) any and all vested equity-based awards shall be exercisable in accordance with the terms of the applicable Equity Incentive Compensation Plan, subject only to any minimum requirements to the contrary under the ESA.</P>



<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">In the event that the employment of the Employee is terminated or constructively terminated
by the Employer without cause upon or within a 12 month period following a Change of Control, as defined below, the Employee shall be
entitled to the payments and benefits provided at paragraphs (b)(ii) to (v) above, plus a change of control payment equal to 24 months
of the value of the Base Salary as of the date of termination.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35in; font-size: 10pt">A &#8220;constructive termination&#8221; shall include
a material change in the Employee&#8217;s title, responsibilities, authority or status, a material reduction of the Employee&#8217;s compensation,
or any other conduct which would constitute a constructive dismissal at common law, in which case the Employee shall be immediately entitled
to resign and claim the above entitlements.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.35in; font-size: 10pt">A &#8220;Change of Control&#8221; shall mean a transaction
or series of transactions whereby directly or indirectly:</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(a)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-right: 10.2pt">a plan of arrangement, amalgamation, merger or consolidation in which more than 50% of the total combined
voting power of the Employer&#8217;s voting securities, on a fully diluted basis, are transferred or issued to a person or persons different
from those persons holding such securities immediately prior to such transaction; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(b)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-right: 14.35pt">the direct or indirect acquisition by a person or related group of persons acting jointly or in concert
of the beneficial ownership of voting securities of the Employer representing more than 50% of the total combined voting power of the
Employer&#8217;s then outstanding securities, on a fully diluted basis; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(c)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-right: 16.2pt">the exercise of the voting power of all voting or other securities of the Employer so as to cause or
result in the election of a majority of the board of directors of Employer who were not recommended by either the management or the current
board of directors; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(d)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-right: 41.5pt">the sale, transfer or disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 10.75pt 0pt 12.5pt">The Employee may resign from his employment at any time
by providing the Employer with a minimum of 60 days advance notice, in writing. The Employee&#8217;s notice may be waived by the Employer
in whole or in part at its sole discretion, subject only to providing the Employee with payment of the Base Salary and continuation of
benefits until the end of the 60-day period of notice required by this Agreement. For clarity, and subject only to any minimum requirements
to the contrary under the ESA: (i) all non-vested equity-based awards as of the date of termination shall be automatically extinguished
and (ii) the Employee shall not be entitled to any bonus or pro rata bonus payment not already awarded on or before the date of termination.
All vested equity-based awards will be subject to the terms of the applicable Equity Incentive Compensation Plan.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 11.95pt 0pt 11.75pt">For clarity, to the extent the termination rights and
entitlements under this section are greater than the Employee&#8217;s entitlements pursuant to the ESA, they shall be paid only on the
condition the Employee executes a full and final release satisfactory to the Company within thirty (30) days of the Employee&#8217;s termination
date. In the event the Employee declines to execute such release, the Employee&#8217;s maximum entitlement shall be the minimum: (i) notice
or pay in lieu thereof, or some combination of the two; (ii) severance pay (if any); (iii) period for the</P>

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<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 13.65pt 0pt 11.75pt">continuation of benefits; (iv) vacation pay; and (v) other entitlements, if
any, required by the ESA.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.75pt; margin: 0pt 8pt 0pt 11.75pt">The Employee understands and agrees that provision of such
payment and benefits described above in this Section 7 are fair and reasonable and are in full and final satisfaction and settlement of
all amounts owed for notice of termination or pay in lieu of notice, as well as termination and/or severance pay arising under any contract,
statute, common law or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">8.</TD><TD>EMPLOYER PROPERTY</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 11.95pt 0pt 11.75pt">On the date of termination, the Employee will return
all Employer property and documentation the Employee has received in the course of employment with the Employer, including but not limited
to: vehicle (if applicable), smartphone, documents, laptop, computer-generated information, reports, books, studies, data, credit cards,
employee identification, access cards/keys and other such materials. The Employee will not be permitted to retain any copies of any documentation
containing Employer information, except for personal benefit or pay statements provided during the course of employment. The Employee
will confirm the return of all Employer property, including any confidential information, in the Employee&#8217;s possession, charge,
control or custody by signing a Termination Checklist, a copy of which will be provided to the Employee for his records. All property
shall be returned in good working condition, save for normal wear and tear.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">9.</TD><TD>CONFIDENTIALITY</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 10.2pt 0pt 11.75pt">The Employee acknowledges that, in the course of performing
and fulfilling his duties hereunder, he may have access to and be entrusted with Confidential Information, as described further below,
the disclosure of which would be highly detrimental to the interests of the Employer. The Employee acknowledges that all right, title
and interest in and to the Confidential Information shall remain the exclusive property of the Employer and shall be held in trust by
the Employee to the benefit of the Employer. The Employee further acknowledges and agrees that the right to maintain the confidentiality
of such Confidential Information constitutes a proprietary right which the Employer is entitled to protect. Accordingly, the Employee
covenants and agrees with the Employer that he will not, directly or indirectly, during or after his employment with the Employer, disclose
any such Confidential Information to any person, firm or corporation, nor shall he use any Confidential Information, except as required
in the normal course of his employment.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 9.95pt 0pt 11.75pt">The Employee shall not copy, reproduce in any form or
store in any retrieval system or database the Confidential Information without the prior written consent of the Employer. If so requested
following the cessation of the employment of the Employee for any reason, the Employee shall certify by way of affidavit or statutory
declaration that all Confidential Information was returned to the Employer and that the Employee no longer has access to same.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.75pt; margin: 0pt 10.15pt 0pt 12pt">Confidential information includes, but is not limited to,
financial information, reports, and forecasts; inventions, improvements and other intellectual property, trade secrets, know-how, designs,
processes or formulae, software, market or sales information or plans, supplier lists and supplier contact information, customer lists
and customer contact information; and business plans, prospects, strategies and opportunities (such as possible acquisitions or dispositions
of businesses or facilities) which have been discussed or considered by the Employer or its</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 12.75pt 0pt 12pt">affiliates. Confidential information includes information developed by the Employee
in the course of the Employee's employment with the Employer, as well as other information to which the Employee may have access in connection
with the Employee's employment.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.75pt; margin: 0pt 12.75pt 0pt 12pt">For greater clarity, the Employee&#8217;s obligations of
confidentiality shall not apply to Confidential Information that:</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 48pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36pt">(a)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-right: 37pt">was lawfully in the public domain prior to its disclosure, or becomes publicly available other than through
a breach of this agreement; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 48pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36pt">(b)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-right: 25.45pt">is disclosed when such disclosure is compelled pursuant to a legal, judicial, or administrative proceeding,
or otherwise required by law, except that the Employee shall, prior to disclosure, provide the Employer with notice of a compelled requirement
to disclose to allow the Employer to seek protective or other court orders.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18.4pt">10.</TD><TD>NON-COMPETITION</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.75pt; margin: 0pt 10pt 0pt 12pt">The Employee shall not, without the prior written consent
of the Employer, for and during the term of the Employee&#8217;s employment with the Employer and for twelve (12) months following the
cessation of the Employee&#8217;s employment with the Employer (for any reason, including termination for or without cause, constructive
termination, resignation or otherwise), either directly or indirectly, individually or in partnership or in conjunction with or through
any individual, firm, corporation, association or other entity, whether as principal, agent, shareholder, employee, consultant or in any
other capacity whatsoever, within North America, carry on, engage in, or attempt to carry on or attempt to engage in, or be financially
interested in any business that competes with the Employer&#8217;s Business.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.75pt; margin: 0pt 12.75pt 0pt 12pt">&#8220;Business&#8221; means the development, sale,
or licensing of any inflammatory and immune-related products which are substantially similar to those products (a) developed, in
development, sold or licensed by the Employer as at the date of the cessation of employment of the Employee or (b) that have been
the subject of active negotiations (that is, having led to the execution of a confidentiality agreement) in the twelve (12) months
immediately preceding the cessation of the employment of the Employee or the purposes of licensing or acquisition by the
Employer.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.75pt; margin: 0pt 12.75pt 0pt 12pt">Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein,
the Employee may, without being deemed to compete, hold an equity share investment in a public company whose shares are listed on a stock
exchange or in an over-the-counter market where that share investment does not in the aggregate exceed 10% of the issued equity shares
of the company.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18.4pt">11.</TD><TD>NON-SOLICITATION</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.75pt; margin: 0pt 9.9pt 0pt 12pt">The Employee shall not, for twenty four (24) months following
the cessation of the Employee&#8217;s employment (for any reason, including termination for or without cause, constructive termination,
resignation or otherwise), either directly or indirectly, individually or in partnership or</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 12.75pt 0pt 12pt">in conjunction with or through any individual, firm, corporation, association
or other entity, whether as principal, agent, shareholder, employee, consultant or in any other capacity whatsoever:</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 48pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36pt">(a)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-right: 27.2pt">canvass or solicit any Customer for any purpose which is competitive with the Business;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 48pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36pt">(b)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-right: 66.45pt">canvass or solicit any Prospective Customer for any purpose which is competitive with the Business;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 48pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36pt">(c)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-right: 58.4pt">encourage or influence any Customer to cease doing business with the Company; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 48pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36pt">(d)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-right: 10.05pt">solicit the employment or engagement of or otherwise entice away from the employment or engagement
of the Company any individual who is employed or engaged by the Company and who worked with the Employee (regardless of the reporting
relationship) during the twenty four (24) month period prior to the cessation of the Employee&#8217;s employment, whether or not such
individual would commit any breach of his/her contract or terms of employment or engagement by leaving the employ or the engagement of
the Company, provided that the Employee will not be restricted from making any general solicitation for employment that is not specifically
directed at such employees and that the Employee will not be restricted from hiring any such employee who responds to any such general
solicitation.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 11.3pt">&#8220;Business&#8221; has the meaning set out above at Section 10.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.75pt; margin: 0pt 16.45pt 0pt 12pt">&#8220;Customer&#8221; means any entity who purchased from
the Company any product or service supplied, sold, licensed or distributed by the Company; provided that a Customer shall only include
any entity who the Employee knew or ought to have known was a Customer during the twenty-four (24) months preceding the date of the cessation
of the Employee&#8217;s employment.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.75pt; margin: 0pt 12.75pt 0pt 12pt">&#8220;Prospective Customer&#8221; means (i) any entity
solicited by the Employee on behalf of the Company in furtherance of the Business; and (ii) any entity solicited by the Company with the
Employee&#8217;s knowledge in furtherance of the Business; provided that Prospective Customers shall only include any entity who was a
Prospective Customer during the twenty-four (24) months preceding the date of the cessation of the Employee&#8217;s employment.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">12.</TD><TD>EQUITABLE REMEDIES</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 8pt 0pt 11.75pt">The Employee acknowledges and agrees that a breach by the
Employee of Sections 9 to 11 would cause substantial and irreparable harm to the Employer which could not be adequately compensated for
by damages, and, in the event of such a breach (or the reasonable apprehension of such a breach) by the Employee of such provisions, the
Employee hereby consents to a preliminary and permanent injunction being issued against him restraining him from any breach or further
breach of the said provisions and of an order to account for all profits</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 4.45pt 0pt 11.75pt">and benefits arising out of any such breach, but the provisions of this Section
12 shall be in addition to and not in substitution for any other remedy which the Employer may have in respect of such a breach. The prevailing
party, if any, as determined by the court, shall be awarded all fees and costs, including without limitation reasonable legal fees.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">13.</TD><TD>INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 9.8pt 0pt 12.5pt">All results of services performed by the Employee hereunder,
including without limitation all inventions, ideas, copyrights, trade secrets or otherwise, shall be owned by and be the sole and exclusive
property of the Employer. The Employee hereby transfers and assigns all right, title and interest of every nature and kind whatsoever
therein to the Company and agrees to execute and deliver such further documents and instruments as may be necessary to fully and effectually
give effect thereto. The Employee hereby irrevocably waives all moral rights in such work.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">14.</TD><TD>RESIGNATION UPON TERMINATION</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 8pt 0pt 11.75pt">The Employee hereby agrees that, upon the cessation of the
Employee&#8217;s employment (for any reason, including termination for or without cause, constructive termination, resignation or otherwise),
the Employee shall be deemed, upon the request of the Company, to have immediately resigned any position the Employee may have as an officer
and/or director of the Company together with any other office, position or directorship which the Employee may hold with any of the Company's
subsidiaries, affiliates or divisions or related entities in connection with or arising from the performance of the Employee's duties
of employment under this Agreement. In such event, the Employee shall, at the request of the Company, execute any and all documents appropriate
to evidence such resignations. The parties agree that the execution of such documents shall not adversely impact the Employee&#8217;s
right to seek a remedy to any dispute relating to his employment with the Employer or the termination thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">15.</TD><TD>ASSIGNMENT</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 12.75pt 0pt 11.75pt">This Agreement and any rights or obligations under this
Agreement shall not be assignable or transferable by the Employee. The Employer may assign its rights, entitlements and obligations under
this Agreement at any time, without the Employee's consent and without advance notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">16.</TD><TD>SEVERABILITY, AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 13.65pt 0pt 11.75pt">Each section (or part thereof) of this Agreement shall
be and remain separate from and independent of and severable from all and any other section (or part thereof) herein except where otherwise
indicated by the context of this Agreement. The decision or declaration that one or more of the sections (or part thereof) are null and
void shall have no effect on the remaining sections (or part thereof) of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 10.25pt 0pt 11.75pt">No provision of this Agreement may be amended or waived
unless such amendment or waiver is authorized by the Employee (including any authorized officer or committee of the board of</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 12.75pt 0pt 11.75pt">directors) and is in writing signed by the Employee and by a duly authorized
officer of the Employee. Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Agreement, no waiver by either party hereto of any breach by
the other party of any condition or provision of this Agreement to be performed by such other party shall be deemed a waiver of a similar
or dissimilar breach, condition or provision at the same time or at any prior or subsequent time.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">17.</TD><TD>NOTICE</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 12.75pt 0pt 11.75pt">Any notice required to be given hereunder shall be deemed
to have been properly given if delivered personally, via email or sent by pre-paid registered mail as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">a)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2in">To the Employee:&#9;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Last address on file with the Employer</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">b)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2in">To the Employer:&#9;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>100 Spy Court, Markham, Ontario, L3R 5H6</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 8pt 0pt 11.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 8pt 0pt 11.75pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt">And if sent by registered mail, shall be deemed to have been
received on the 4<SUP>th</SUP> business day of uninterrupted postal service following the date of mailing. Either party may change its
address for notice at any time, by giving notice to the other party pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">18.</TD><TD>INTERPRETATION OF AGREEMENT</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 8pt 0pt 11.75pt">The interpretation, construction and performance of this
Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the Province of Ontario. This Agreement shall be interpreted with all necessary changes in
gender and in number as the context may require and shall enure to the benefit of and be binding upon the respective successors and permitted
assigns of the parties hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">19.</TD><TD>ENTIRE AGREEMENT</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 8pt 0pt 11.75pt">This Agreement, together with the Appendices hereto, collectively
constitute the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter herein. The Employee has not relied on any representations,
inducements or statements, oral or written, which are not contained in this Agreement. However, nothing herein shall serve to release
the Company from its obligation to pay any accrued wages or bonus to the Employee as of the date of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">20.</TD><TD>OPPORTUNITY TO CONSULT LEGAL ADVICE</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 11.95pt 0pt 11.75pt">The Employee states that he has read this Agreement in
its entirety, been given an opportunity to consider the Agreement and seek legal counsel and advice, and that he enters into this Agreement
voluntarily and intending to be legally bound.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">21.</TD><TD>EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 12.75pt 0pt 12.5pt">In the event that a minimum standard in the ESA is more
favourable to the Employee in any respect than a term or provision provided herein, the provision of the ESA will apply in respect of
that term or provision. For clarity, under no circumstance will the Employee receive less than his minimum entitlements under the ESA.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 11.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36.7pt">22.</TD><TD>LANGUAGE OF AGREEMENT</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 12.75pt 0pt 11.75pt">The parties hereto confirm that it is their express wish
that this Agreement, as well as related documents and notices, be drawn up in English. <I>Les parties a la presente convention conferment
leur volonte expresse que cette convention, de meme que toute documentation ou avis afferent, soit redigee en anglais.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -0.5pt; margin: 0pt 43.85pt 0pt 11.75pt">IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties hereto have caused this
Agreement to be executed effective date first noted above.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: middle">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 400"><I>Peter Weiler</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-style: italic"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400">April 3, 2025</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: middle">
    <TD COLSPAN="2">Peter Weiler</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Date</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: middle; width: 47%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: middle">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">EDESA BIOTECH INC.</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: middle">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>By:&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left"><I>/s/Pardeep Nijhawan</I></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400">April 3, 2025</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: middle">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 30pt; text-align: left">Authorized Signatory</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Date</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>exh_991.htm
<DESCRIPTION>PRESS RELEASE
<TEXT>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"><html lang="en-US"><head><title>EdgarFiling</title><meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252" /><meta name="GENERATOR" content="MSHTML 8.00.7601.18094" /></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff"><p style="text-align: right;"><strong>EXHIBIT 99.1</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 14pt;"><strong>Edesa Biotech Announces Chief Financial Officer Transition</strong></font></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong></strong></p><p>
   <p align="left">TORONTO, April  04, 2025  (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Edesa Biotech, Inc. (Nasdaq:EDSA), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing host-directed therapeutics for immuno-inflammatory diseases, today announced the appointment of Peter J. Weiler as Chief Financial Officer, effective May 1, 2025. Mr. Weiler will succeed Stephen Lemieux, who will be stepping down from the role effective May 1, 2025, to pursue other professional opportunities.</p>    <p>Mr. Weiler brings extensive experience in finance and corporate strategy within the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Since August 2018, Mr. Weiler served as President of Exzell Pharma, Inc., a privately held, commercial-stage pharmaceutical company. From August 2017 to August 2018, Mr. Weiler served as Vice President of Business Development at Biosyent Inc. Prior to that, he served in various roles at Cipher Pharmaceuticals Inc., including Vice President of Business Development from January 2015 to June 2017, Senior Director from January 2012 to January 2014, and Director from December 2008 to December 2011. Prior to Cipher, he served as Senior Director of Investment Analysis at DRI Capital Inc. and held research and financial positions at Eli Lilly Canada Inc. Mr. Weiler holds a Master of Business Administration degree from the Ivey School of Business, University of Western Ontario, a Masters of Science in Biology from the University of Western Ontario, and a Bachelor of Science (Honors Biology) degree and Diploma in Accounting from Wilfrid Laurier University.</p>    <p>&#8220;We are thrilled to welcome Peter to Edesa at this pivotal time in our development,&#8221; said Par Nijhawan, MD, Chief Executive Officer of Edesa Biotech. &#8220;I have worked closely with Peter in the past in connection with other business opportunities, and he brings a wealth of managerial expertise that I believe will be invaluable as we continue to advance our pipeline and seek strategic opportunities for our drug candidates.&#8221;</p>    <p>Following the planned transition, Mr. Lemieux will continue to provide financial advisory services to Edesa. &#8220;On behalf of Edesa and our Board of Directors, we thank Stephen for his financial leadership and contributions to the company, and we wish him well in his new career roles,&#8221; said Dr. Nijhawan.</p>    <p><strong>About</strong> <strong>Edesa</strong> <strong>Biotech,</strong> <strong>Inc.</strong></p>    <p>Edesa Biotech, Inc. (Nasdaq: EDSA) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing innovative ways to treat inflammatory and immune-related diseases. Its clinical pipeline is focused on two therapeutic areas: Medical Dermatology and Respiratory. In Medical Dermatology, Edesa is developing EB06, an anti-CXCL10 monoclonal antibody candidate, as a therapy for vitiligo, a common autoimmune disorder that causes skin to lose its color in patches. Its medical dermatology assets also include EB01 (1.0% daniluromer cream), a Phase 3-ready asset developed for use as a potential therapy for moderate-to-severe chronic Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD), a common occupational skin condition. The company&#8217;s most advanced Respiratory drug candidate is EB05 (paridiprubart), which is being evaluated in a U.S. government-funded platform study as a treatment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, a life-threatening form of respiratory failure. The EB05 program has been the recipient of two funding awards from the Government of Canada to support the further development of this asset. In addition to EB05, Edesa is preparing an investigational new drug application (IND) in the United States for EB07 (paridiprubart) to conduct a future Phase 2 study in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Sign up for news alerts. Connect with us on X and LinkedIn.</p>    <p><strong>Edesa</strong> <strong>Forward-Looking</strong> <strong>Statements</strong></p>    <p><em>This press release may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as "anticipate," "believe," "plan," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "will," "would," "could," "should," "might," "potential," or "continue" and variations or similar expressions. Readers should not unduly rely on these forward-looking statements, which are not a guarantee of future performance. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, as all such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause actual results or future events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Such risks include: the ability of Edesa to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize any of its product candidates, the risk that access to sufficient capital to fund Edesa's operations may not be available or may be available on terms that are not commercially favorable to Edesa, the risk that Edesa's product candidates may not be effective against the diseases tested in its clinical trials, the risk that Edesa fails to comply with the terms of license agreements with third parties and as a result loses the right to use key intellectual property in its business, Edesa's ability to protect its intellectual property, the timing and success of submission, acceptance and approval of regulatory filings, and the impacts of public health crises. Many of these factors that will determine actual results are beyond the company's ability to control or predict. For a discussion of further risks and uncertainties related to Edesa's business, please refer to Edesa's public company reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the British Columbia Securities Commission. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof and are subject to change. Except as required by law, Edesa assumes no obligation to update such statements.</em></p>    <p><strong>Contact:</strong><br />Gary Koppenjan<br />Edesa Biotech, Inc.<br />investors@edesabiotech.com</p> </p><p /></body></html>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>gnw-20190101_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:to="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</link:label>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 03, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Apr.  03,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-37619<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">EDESA BIOTECH, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001540159<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">A1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">100 Spy Court<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Markham<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">ON<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">L3R 5H6<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">289<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">800-9600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Shares<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">EDSA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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