10-Q 1 naii20151119_10q.htm FORM 10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT

pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 201 5

000-15701

(Commission file number)

NATURAL ALTERNATIVES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 84-1007839
(State of incorporation) | (IRS Employer Identification No.)
1185 Linda Vista Drive San Marcos, California 92078 | (760) 744-7340
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Registrant’s telephone number)

Indicate by check mark whether Natural Alternatives International, Inc. (NAI) (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that NAI was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

[X] Yes [_] No

Indicate by check mark whether NAI has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that NAI was required to submit and post such files).

[X] Yes [ ] No

Indicate by check mark whether NAI is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.

Large accelerated filer [__] | Accelerated filer [__] | Non-accelerated filer [__] | Smaller reporting company [X]

Indicate by check mark whether NAI is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

[_] Yes [X] No

As of February 8, 2016, 6,768,490 shares of NAI's common stock were outstanding, net of 928,187 treasury shares.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
SPECIAL NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS | 1
PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 3
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 5
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 17
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 22
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | 23
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 23
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 24
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 24
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 24
Item 5. | Other Information | 24
Item 6. | Exhibits | 25
SIGNATURES | 26

SPECIAL NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this report, including information incorporated by reference, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements reflect current views about future events and financial performance based on certain assumptions. They include opinions, forecasts, intentions, plans, goals, projections, guidance, expectations, beliefs, or other statements that are not statements of historical fact. Words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “estimates,” “approximates,” “predicts,” “forecasts,” or “projects,” or the negative or other variation of such words, and similar expressions may identify a statement as a forward-looking statement. Any statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our business, our goals, strategies, focus and plans, and other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including statements expressing general optimism about future operating results, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this report may include statements about:

| • | future financial and operating results, including projections of net sales, revenue, income or loss, net income or loss per share, profit margins, expenditures, liquidity, and other financial items;

| • | our ability to directly sell beta-alanine;

| • | our ability to maintain or increase our patent and trademark licensing revenues;

| • | our ability to develop new products, develop relationships with new customers and maintain or improve existing customer relationships;

| • | our ability to protect our intellectual property;

| • | the outcome of currently pending litigation, regulatory and tax matters, the costs associated with such matters and the effect of such matters on our business and results of operations;

| • | our ability to improve operation efficiencies, manage costs and business risks and improve or maintain profitability;

| • | the costs associated with defending and resolving potential new claims, even if such claims are without merit;

| • | currency exchange rates, their effect on our results of operations, including amounts that may be reclassified as earnings, the availability of foreign exchange facilities, our ability to effectively hedge against foreign exchange risks and the extent to which we may seek to hedge against such risks;

| • | future levels of our revenue concentration risk;

| • | sources and availability of raw materials, including the limited number of suppliers of beta-alanine;

| • | inventories, including the adequacy of raw material and other inventory levels to meet future customer demand and the adequacy and intended use of our facilities;

| • | manufacturing and distribution channels, product sales and performance, and timing of product shipments;

| • | current or future customer orders, product returns, and potential product recalls;

| • | the impact on our business and results of operations and variations in quarterly net sales from seasonal and other factors;

| • | our ability to operate within the standards set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP);

| • | our ability to successfully expand our operations, including outside the United States (U.S.);

| • | the adequacy of our reserves and allowances;

| • | the sufficiency of our available cash, cash equivalents, and potential cash flows from operations to fund our current working capital needs and capital expenditures through the next 12 months;

| • | current and future economic and political conditions;

| • | the impact of accounting pronouncements and our adoption of certain accounting guidance; and

| • | other assumptions described in this report underlying or relating to any forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the date of this report and caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to certain events, risks, and uncertainties that may be outside of our control. When considering forward-looking statements, you should carefully review the risks, uncertainties and other cautionary statements in this report as they identify certain important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, the risks described under Item 1A of Part II and elsewhere in this report, as well as in other reports and documents we file with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

1

Unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this report to the “Company,” “NAI,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Natural Alternatives International, Inc. and, as applicable, Natural Alternatives International Europe S.A. (NAIE).

2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NATURAL ALTERNATIVES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

|  | December 31, 2015 |  |  | June 30, 2015 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 22,626 |  |  | $ | 18,551 |
Accounts receivable - less allowance for doubtful accounts of $8 at December 31, 2015 and $20 at June 30, 2015 |  |  | 7,574 |  |  |  | 9,895 |
Inventories, net |  |  | 18,221 |  |  |  | 12,564 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 367 |  |  |  | 367 |
Income tax receivable |  |  | 283 |  |  |  | 316 |
Prepaids and other current assets |  |  | 1,469 |  |  |  | 1,907 |
Total current assets |  |  | 50,540 |  |  |  | 43,600 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 7,762 |  |  |  | 7,633 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 1,663 |  |  |  | 1,663 |
Other noncurrent assets, net |  |  | 881 |  |  |  | 920 |
Total assets |  | $ | 60,846 |  |  | $ | 53,816 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 7,382 |  |  | $ | 4,647 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 1,793 |  |  |  | 2,495 |
Accrued compensation and employee benefits |  |  | 1,608 |  |  |  | 1,462 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 1,893 |  |  |  | 489 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 12,676 |  |  |  | 9,093 |
Other noncurrent liabilities, net |  |  | 448 |  |  |  | 460 |
Deferred rent |  |  | 464 |  |  |  | 403 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 13,588 |  |  |  | 9,956 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock; $.01 par value; 500,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock; $.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding (net of treasury shares) 6,785,390 at December 31, 2015 and 6,743,093 at June 30, 2015 |  |  | 76 |  |  |  | 75 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 20,512 |  |  |  | 20,258 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (492 | ) |  |  | (766 | )
Retained earnings |  |  | 32,088 |  |  |  | 29,007 |
Treasury stock, at cost, 911,287 shares at December 31, 2015 and 875,584 at June 30, 2015 |  |  | (4,926 | ) |  |  | (4,714 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 47,258 |  |  |  | 43,860 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 60,846 |  |  | $ | 53,816 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

NATURAL ALTERNATIVES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements O f Income A nd Comprehensive Income

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 201 4 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 201 4 |
Net sales |  | $ | 26,911 |  |  | $ | 18,618 |  |  | $ | 48,496 |  |  | $ | 37,313 |
Cost of goods sold |  |  | 21,242 |  |  |  | 14,641 |  |  |  | 38,094 |  |  |  | 30,539 |
Gross profit |  |  | 5,669 |  |  |  | 3,977 |  |  |  | 10,402 |  |  |  | 6,774 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 2,934 |  |  |  | 2,596 |  |  |  | 5,939 |  |  |  | 4,824 |
Income from operations |  |  | 2,735 |  |  |  | 1,381 |  |  |  | 4,463 |  |  |  | 1,950 |
Other (expense) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 15 |
Interest expense |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (6 | )
Foreign exchange (loss) gain |  |  | (96 | ) |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | (104 | ) |  |  | 122 |
Other, net |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | (24 | )
|  |  | (75 | ) |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | (61 | ) |  |  | 107 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 2,660 |  |  |  | 1,396 |  |  |  | 4,402 |  |  |  | 2,057 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 792 |  |  |  | 315 |  |  |  | 1,321 |  |  |  | 489 |
Net income |  | $ | 1,868 |  |  | $ | 1,081 |  |  | $ | 3,081 |  |  | $ | 1,568 |
Unrealized gain resulting from change in fair value of derivative instruments, net of tax |  |  | 230 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 274 |  |  |  | 740 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 2,098 |  |  | $ | 1,101 |  |  | $ | 3,355 |  |  | $ | 2,308 |
Net income per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.47 |  |  | $ | 0.23 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.23 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 6,509,893 |  |  |  | 6,808,229 |  |  |  | 6,515,280 |  |  |  | 6,821,960 |
Diluted |  |  | 6,628,752 |  |  |  | 6,862,369 |  |  |  | 6,662,036 |  |  |  | 6,868,160 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

NATURAL ALTERNATIVES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements O f Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 3,081 |  |  | $ | 1,568 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase in provision for uncollectible accounts receivable |  |  | - |  |  |  | 7 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 944 |  |  |  | 1,217 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 280 |  |  |  | 167 |
Pension expense |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 25 |
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets |  |  | (232 | ) |  |  | 6 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 2,322 |  |  |  | 2,126 |
Inventories, net |  |  | (5,657 | ) |  |  | 231 |
Prepaids and other assets |  |  | 880 |  |  |  | (262 | )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  |  | 2,078 |  |  |  | (3,096 | )
Income taxes |  |  | 1,262 |  |  |  | 76 |
Accrued compensation and employee benefits |  |  | 146 |  |  |  | (94 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 5,129 |  |  |  | 1,971 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  |  | (1,410 | ) |  |  | (925 | )
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment |  |  | 568 |  |  |  | 1 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (842 | ) |  |  | (924 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repurchase of common stock |  |  | (212 | ) |  |  | (442 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (212 | ) |  |  | (442 | )
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 4,075 |  |  |  | 605 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 18,551 |  |  |  | 19,512 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 22,626 |  |  | $ | 20,117 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 10 |
Taxes |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 430 |
Disclosure of non-cash activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrealized gain resulting from change in fair value of derivative instruments, net of tax |  | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 740 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

A. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and applicable rules and regulations. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In management’s opinion, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows have been included and are of a normal, recurring nature. The results of operations for the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods.

You should read the financial statements and these notes, which are an integral part of the financial statements, together with our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2015 (“2015 Annual Report”). The accounting policies used to prepare the financial statements included in this report are the same as those described in the notes to the consolidated financial statements in our 2015 Annual Report unless otherwise noted below.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (Topic 740) (ASU 2015-17), which amends existing standards for deferred taxes to present all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. ASU 2015-17 will be effective for us beginning in our first quarter of fiscal 2018. Early adoption is permitted and the new standard can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting the new standard on our consolidated financial statements and the timing and presentation of our adoption.

Net Income per Common Share

We compute net income per common share using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, and diluted net income per common share using the additional dilutive effect of all dilutive securities. The dilutive impact of stock options account for the additional weighted average shares of common stock outstanding for our diluted net income per common share computation. We calculated basic and diluted net income per common share as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |  |  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |
Numerator |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 1,868 |  |  | $ | 1,081 |  |  | $ | 3,081 |  |  | $ | 1,568 |
Denominator |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  | 6,510 |  |  |  | 6,808 |  |  |  | 6,515 |  |  |  | 6,822 |
Dilutive effect of stock options |  |  | 119 |  |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 147 |  |  |  | 46 |
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  | 6,629 |  |  |  | 6,862 |  |  |  | 6,662 |  |  |  | 6,868 |
Basic net income per common share |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.47 |  |  | $ | 0.23 |
Diluted net income per common share |  | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.23 |

We excluded shares related to stock options totaling 100,000 shares of common stock for the three months ended December 31, 2015, and 100,000 shares for the six months ended December 31, 2015, from the calculation of diluted net income per common share, as the effect of their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

We excluded shares related to stock options totaling 150,000 shares of common stock for the three months ended December 31, 2014, and 155,000 shares for the six months ended December 31, 2014, from the calculation of diluted net income per common share, as the effect of their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

6

Revenue Recognition

To recognize revenue, four basic criteria must be met: (1) there is evidence that an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue from sales transactions where the buyer has the right to return the product is recognized at the time of sale only if (a) the seller’s price to the buyer is substantially fixed or determinable at the date of sale; (b) the buyer has paid the seller, or the buyer is obligated to pay the seller and the obligation is not contingent on resale of the product; (c) the buyer’s obligation to the seller would not be changed in the event of theft or physical destruction or damage of the product; (d) the buyer acquiring the product for resale has economic substance apart from that provided by the seller; (e) the seller does not have significant obligations for future performance to directly bring about resale of the product by the buyer; and (f) the amount of future returns can be reasonably estimated. We recognize revenue upon determination that all criteria for revenue recognition have been met. The criteria are usually met at the time title passes to the customer, which usually occurs upon shipment. Revenue from shipments where title passes upon delivery is deferred until the shipment has been delivered.

We record reductions to gross revenue for estimated returns of private label contract manufacturing products and branded products. The estimated returns are based on the trailing six months of private label contract manufacturing gross sales and our historical experience for both private label contract manufacturing and branded product returns. However, the estimate for product returns does not reflect the impact of a potential large product recall resulting from product nonconformance or other factors as such events are not predictable nor is the related economic impact estimable.

We followed the provisions of ASU No. 2009-13 for all multiple element agreements. Under this guidance, the delivered item(s) has value to the customer on a standalone basis and, if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in our control.

A delivered item is considered a separate unit of accounting when the delivered item has value to the partner on a standalone basis based on the consideration of the relevant facts and circumstances for each arrangement. Arrangement consideration is allocated at the inception of the agreement to all identified units of accounting based on their relative selling prices. The relative selling price for each deliverable is determined using vendor specific objective evidence, or VSOE, of selling price or third-party evidence of selling price if VSOE does not exist. If neither VSOE nor third-party evidence of selling price exists, we use our best estimate of the selling price for the deliverable. The amount of allocable arrangement consideration is limited to amounts that are fixed or determinable. The consideration received is allocated among the separate units of accounting, and the applicable revenue recognition criteria are applied to each of the separate units. Changes in the allocation of the sales price between delivered and undelivered elements can impact revenue recognition but do not change the total revenue recognized under any agreement. If facts and circumstances dictate that a deliverable has standalone value from the undelivered items, the deliverable is identified as a separate unit of accounting and the amounts allocated to the deliverable are recognized upon the delivery of the deliverable, assuming the other revenue recognition criteria have been met. However, if the amounts allocated to the deliverable through the relative selling price allocation exceed the upfront fee, the amount recognized upon the delivery of the deliverable is limited to the upfront fee received. If facts and circumstances dictate that the deliverable does not have standalone value, the transaction price, including any upfront fee payments received, is allocated to the identified separate units of accounting and recognized as those items are delivered and accepted.

We currently own certain U.S. patents, and each patent’s corresponding foreign patent applications. All of these patents and patent rights relate to the ingredient known as beta-alanine marketed and sold under the CarnoSyn® trade name. From March 2009 to April 2015, we had an agreement with Compound Solutions, Inc. (CSI) to grant a license to manufacture, offer for sale and/or sell products incorporating, using or made in accordance with our patent rights to customers of CSI who purchase beta-alanine under the CarnoSyn® trade name from CSI. Our most recent agreement with CSI expired on March 31, 2015. We elected not to renew our agreement with CSI and, effective April 1, 2015, we began directly selling beta-alanine, and licensing the related patent and trademark rights, in order to take advantage of strategic opportunities, including opportunities to provide additional contract manufacturing services, and to increase our top-line revenue and profit profile.

We recorded royalty, licensing income and raw material sales as a component of revenue in the amount of $5.3 million during the three months ended December 31, 2015 and $10.6 million during the six months ended December 31, 2015. We recorded royalty and licensing income as a component of revenue in the amount of $1.5 million during the three months ended December 31, 2014 and $2.4 million during the six months ended December 31, 2014. These income amounts resulted in royalty expense paid to the original patent holders from whom NAI acquired the patents and its patent rights. We recognized royalty expense as a component of cost of goods sold in the amount of $209,000 during the three months ended December 31, 2015 and $473,000 during the six months ended December 31, 2015. We recognized royalty expense as a component of cost of goods sold in the amount of $206,000 during the three months ended December 31, 2014 and $380,000 during the six months ended December 31, 2014.

7

Stock-Based Compensation

We have an omnibus incentive plan that was approved by our Board of Directors effective as of October 15, 2009 and approved by our stockholders at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on November 30, 2009. Under the plan, we may grant nonqualified and incentive stock options and other stock-based awards to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. Our prior equity incentive plan was terminated effective as of November 30, 2009.

We estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. Option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions. Black-Scholes uses assumptions related to volatility, the risk-free interest rate, the dividend yield (which we assume to be zero, as we have not paid any cash dividends) and employee exercise behavior. Expected volatilities used in the model are based on the historical volatility of our stock price. The risk-free interest rate is derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect in the period of grant. The expected life of stock option grants is derived from historical experience. The fair value of restricted stock shares granted is based on the market price of our common stock on the date of grant. We amortize the estimated fair value of our stock awards to expense over the related vesting periods.

On October 1, 2015, the Board of Directors approved the grant of 75,000 shares of restricted stock pursuant to our 2009 Omnibus Incentive Plan in connection with the appointments of a new President and a new Chief Financial Officer. These restricted stock grants will vest over five years and the unvested shares cannot be sold or otherwise transferred and the rights to receive dividends, if declared by our Board of Directors, are forfeitable until the shares become vested. Both appointments were the result of promotions of current employees.

On December 4, 2015, we granted 3,000 restricted shares pursuant to our 2009 Omnibus Incentive plan in connection with the employment of a new member of management. Each restricted share will vest over three years and these shares cannot be sold or otherwise transferred and the rights to receive dividends, if declared by our Board of Directors, are forfeitable until the shares become vested. We did not grant any restricted shares during the three or six months ended December 31, 2014.

Our net income included stock based compensation expense of approximately $150,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2015 and approximately $280,000 for the six months ended December 31, 2015. Our net income included stock based compensation expense of approximately $84,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2014 and approximately $167,000 for the six months ended December 31, 2014.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We use a three-level hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available under the circumstances.

The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs. In general, fair values determined by Level 1 inputs use quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. We classify cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities balances as Level 1 assets. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and models for which all significant inputs are observable or can be corroborated, either directly or indirectly by observable market data. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. These include certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, we did not have any financial assets or liabilities classified as Level 1. We classify derivative forward exchange contracts as Level 2 assets. The fair value of our forward exchange contracts as of December 31, 2015 was a net asset of $322,000. The fair value of our forward exchange contracts as of June 30, 2015 was a net asset of $474,000. As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, we did not have any financial assets or liabilities classified as Level 3. We did not transfer any assets or liabilities between Levels during fiscal 2015 or the three and six month periods ended December 31, 2015.

8

B. Inventories, net

Inventories, net consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

|  | December 31, 201 5 |  |  | June 30, 201 5 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 12,567 |  |  | $ | 9,744 |
Work in progress |  |  | 3,272 |  |  |  | 1,552 |
Finished goods |  |  | 2,769 |  |  |  | 1,603 |
Reserves |  |  | (387 | ) |  |  | (335 | )
|  | $ | 18,221 |  |  | $ | 12,564 |

C. Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

|  | Depreciable Life In Years |  |  | December 31, 201 5 |  |  | June 30, 201 5 |
Land |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | $ | 393 |  |  | $ | 393 |
Building and building improvements |  | 7 | – | 39 |  |  |  | 2,800 |  |  |  | 2,793 |
Machinery and equipment |  | 3 | – | 12 |  |  |  | 23,706 |  |  |  | 26,444 |
Office equipment and furniture |  | 3 | – | 5 |  |  |  | 3,413 |  |  |  | 3,168 |
Vehicles |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 209 |
Leasehold improvements |  | 1 | – | 15 |  |  |  | 12,229 |  |  |  | 11,244 |
Total property and equipment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42,750 |  |  |  | 44,251 |
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (34,988 | ) |  |  | (36,618 | )
Property and equipment, net |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,762 |  |  | $ | 7,633 |

D. Accumulated Other C omprehensive (Loss) Income

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (“OCI”) consisted of the following during the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, 201 5 |
|  | Defined Benefit Pension Plan |  |  | Unrealized Gain s (losses) on Cash Flow Hedges |  |  | Total |
Balance as of September 30, 2015 |  | $ | (643 | ) |  | $ | (79 | ) |  | $ | (722 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications |  |  | — |  |  |  | 424 |  |  |  | 424 |
Amounts reclassified from OCI |  |  | — |  |  |  | (69 | ) |  |  | (69 | )
Tax effect of OCI activity |  |  | — |  |  |  | (125 | ) |  |  | (125 | )
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | 230 |  |  |  | 230 |
Balance as of December 31, 2015 |  | $ | (643 | ) |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | (492 | )

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|  | Six Months Ended December 31, 201 5 |
|  | Defined Benefit Pension Plan |  |  | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges |  |  | Total |
Balance as of June 30, 2015 |  | $ | (643 | ) |  | $ | (123 | ) |  | $ | (766 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications |  |  | — |  |  |  | 482 |  |  |  | 482 |
Amounts reclassified from OCI |  |  | — |  |  |  | (58 | ) |  |  | (58 | )
Tax effect of OCI activity |  |  | — |  |  |  | (150 | ) |  |  | (150 | )
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | 274 |  |  |  | 274 |
Balance as of December 31, 2015 |  | $ | (643 | ) |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | (492 | )

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2014 |
|  | Defined Benefit Pension Plan |  |  | Unrealized Gain s (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges |  |  | Total |
Balance as of September 30, 2014 |  | $ | (502 | ) |  | $ | 753 |  |  | $ | 251 |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications |  |  | — |  |  |  | 461 |  |  |  | 461 |
Amounts reclassified from OCI |  |  | — |  |  |  | (430 | ) |  |  | (430 | )
Tax effect of OCI activity |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | (11 | )
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 20 |
Balance as of December 31, 2014 |  | $ | (502 | ) |  | $ | 773 |  |  | $ | 271 |

|  | Six Months Ended December 31, 2014 |
|  | Defined Benefit Pension Plan |  |  | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges |  |  | Total |
Balance as of June 30, 2014 |  | $ | (502 | ) |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | (469 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,723 |  |  |  | 1,723 |
Amounts reclassified from OCI |  |  | — |  |  |  | (585 | ) |  |  | (585 | )
Tax effect of OCI activity |  |  | — |  |  |  | (398 | ) |  |  | (398 | )
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | 740 |  |  |  | 740 |
Balance as of December 31, 2014 |  | $ | (502 | ) |  | $ | 773 |  |  | $ | 271 |

During the three months ended December 31, 2015, the amounts reclassified from OCI were comprised of $45,000 of gains reclassified to net revenues and $24,000 related to the amortization of forward points reclassified to other income. During the six months ended December 31, 2015, the amounts reclassified from OCI were comprised of $7,000 of gains reclassified to net revenues and $51,000 related to the amortization of forward points reclassified to other income.

During the three months ended December 31, 2014, the amounts reclassified from OCI were comprised of $426,000 of gains reclassified to net revenues and $4,000 related to the amortization of forward points reclassified to other income. During the six months ended December 31, 2014, the amounts reclassified from OCI were comprised of $576,000 of gains reclassified to net revenues and $9,000 related to the amortization of forward points reclassified to other income.

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E. Debt

On February 1, 2016, we executed a new Credit Agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. The Credit Agreement replaces the previous credit facility and increases our credit line from $5.0 million to $10.0 million. The line of credit may be used to finance working capital requirements. There was no commitment fee required as part of this agreement. There are no amounts currently drawn under the line of credit.

Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, borrowings are subject to eligibility requirements including maintaining (i) a ratio of total liabilities to tangible net worth of not greater than 1.25 to 1.0 at any time; and (ii) a ratio of total current assets to total current liabilities of not less than 1.75 to 1.0 at each fiscal quarter end. Any amounts outstanding under the line of credit will bear interest at a fixed or fluctuating interest rate as elected by NAI from time to time; provided, however, that if the outstanding principal amount is less than $100,000 such amount shall bear interest at the then applicable fluctuating rate of interest. If elected, the fluctuating rate per annum would be equal to 1.25% above the daily one month LIBOR rate as in effect from time to time. If a fixed rate is elected, it would equal a per annum rate of 1.25% above the LIBOR rate in effect on the first day of the applicable fixed rate term. Any amounts outstanding under the line of credit must be paid in full on or before January 31, 2019. Amounts outstanding that are subject to a fluctuating interest rate may be prepaid at any time without penalty. Amounts outstanding that are subject to a fixed interest rate may be prepaid at any time in minimum amounts of $100,000, subject to a prepayment fee equal to the sum of the discounted monthly differences for each month from the month of prepayment through the month in which the then applicable fixed rate term matures.

Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by our accounts receivable and other rights to payment, general intangibles, inventory, equipment and fixtures. We also have a foreign exchange facility with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. in effect until January 31, 2019, and with Bank of America, N.A. in effect until August 15, 2016.

On December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with all of the financial and other covenants required under our previous credit agreement effective at that time.

On September 22, 2006, NAIE, our wholly owned subsidiary, entered into a credit facility to provide it with a credit line of up to CHF 1.3 million, or approximately $1.3 million, which was the initial maximum aggregate amount that could be outstanding at any one time under the credit facility. This maximum amount is reduced annually by CHF 160,000, or approximately $161,000. On February 19, 2007, NAIE amended its credit facility to provide that the maximum aggregate amount that may be outstanding under the facility cannot be reduced below CHF 500,000, or approximately $505,000. As of December 31, 2015, there was no outstanding balance under this credit facility.

Under its credit facility, NAIE may draw amounts either as current account loan credits to its current or future bank accounts or as fixed loans with a maximum term of 24 months. Current account loans will bear interest at the rate of 5% per annum. Fixed loans will bear interest at a rate determined by the parties based on current market conditions and must be repaid pursuant to a repayment schedule established by the parties at the time of the loan. If a fixed loan is repaid early at NAIE’s election or in connection with the termination of the credit facility, NAIE will be charged a pre-payment penalty equal to 0.1% of the principal amount of the fixed loan or CHF 1,000 (approximately $1,009), whichever is greater. The bank reserves the right to refuse individual requests for an advance under the credit facility, although its exercise of such right will not have the effect of terminating the credit facility as a whole.

We did not use our working capital line of credit nor did we have any long-term debt outstanding during the six months ended December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2015, we had $5.5 million available under our credit facilities.

F. Defined Benefit Pension Plan

We sponsor a defined benefit pension plan that provides retirement benefits to employees based generally on years of service and compensation during the last five years before retirement. Effective June 20, 1999, we adopted an amendment to freeze benefit accruals to the participants. We contribute an amount not less than the minimum funding requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 nor more than the maximum tax-deductible amount.

The components included in the net periodic expense for the three- and six-month periods ended December 31 were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |  |  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |
Interest cost |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 42 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (17 | )
Net periodic expense |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 25 |

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G. Economic Dependency

We had substantial net sales to certain customers during the periods shown in the following table. The loss of any of these customers, or a significant decline in sales to these customers, the growth rate of sales to these customers, or in these customers’ ability to make payments when due, could have a material adverse impact on our net sales and net income. Net sales to any one customer representing 10% or more of the respective period’s total private label contract manufacturing net sales were as follows (dollars in thousands): (a)

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |  |  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |
|  | Net Sales by Customer |  |  | % of Total Contract Camnufacturing |  |  | Net Sales by Customer |  |  | % of Total Net Sales |  |  | Net Sales by Customer |  |  | % of Total Contract Camnufacturing |  |  | Net Sales by Customer |  |  | % of Total Net Sales |
Customer 1 |  | $ | 11,902 |  |  |  | 55 | % |  | $ | 8,951 |  |  |  | 54 | % |  | $ | 18,691 |  |  |  | 49 | % |  | $ | 15,948 |  |  |  | 47 | %
Customer 2 |  |  | 3,304 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 1,753 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 6,339 |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |
Customer 3 |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | 1,683 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | 4,591 |  |  |  | 13 |
Customer 4 |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | 1,915 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | 4,124 |  |  |  | 12 |
|  | $ | 15,206 |  |  |  | 70 | % |  | $ | 14,302 |  |  |  | 85 | % |  | $ | 25,030 |  |  |  | 66 | % |  | $ | 24,663 |  |  |  | 72 | %

| (a) | Sales were less than 10% of the respective period’s total private label contract manufacturing net sales.

We buy certain products, including beta-alanine, from a limited number of raw material suppliers. The loss of any of these suppliers could have a material adverse impact on our net sales and net income. Raw material purchases from any one supplier representing 10% or more of the respective period’s total raw material purchases were as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |  |  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |
|  | Raw Material Purchases by Supplier |  |  | % of Total Raw Material Purchases |  |  | Raw Material Purchases by Supplier |  |  | % of Total Raw Material Purchases |  |  | Raw Material Purchases by Supplier |  |  | % of Total Raw Material Purchases |  |  | Raw Material Purchases by Supplier |  |  | % of Total Raw Material Purchases |
Supplier 1 |  | $ | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  | $ | 3,097 |  |  |  | 12 | % |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |
Supplier 2 |  |  | 1,395 |  |  |  | 12 | % |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |
Supplier 3 |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | 792 |  |  |  | 12 | % |  | $ | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | 1,827 |  |  |  | 12 | %
Supplier 4 |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | 766 |  |  |  | 11 | % |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |  |  |  | (a) |
|  | $ | 1,395 |  |  |  | 12 | % |  |  | 1,558 |  |  |  | 23 | % |  | $ | 3,097 |  |  |  | 12 | % |  |  | 1,827 |  |  |  | 12 | %

| (a) | Purchases were less than 10% of the respective period’s total raw material purchases.

H. Segment Information

Our business consists of three segments for financial reporting purposes. The three segments are identified as (i) private label contract manufacturing, which primarily relates to the provision of private label contract manufacturing services to companies that market and distribute nutritional supplements and other health care products, (ii) patent and trademark licensing, which primarily includes direct raw material sales and royalty income from our license and supply agreements associated with the sale and use of beta-alanine under our CarnoSyn® trade name, (iii) branded products, which relates to the marketing and distribution of our branded nutritional supplements and consists primarily of the products sold under our Pathway to Healing® product line.

Due to the steady decline in sales of our Pathway to Healing® product line over the prior several years, we decided to discontinue the product line. Pursuant to the license agreements between NAI and each of Dr. Reginald Cherry and the Cherry Ministries Inc. dated as of September 1, 2004 as amended (the License Agreements). Dr. Cherry and Cherry Ministries licensed to NAI the name, likeness, style, persona and other attributes of Dr. Cherry in connection with the sale of nutritional products that were marketed by NAI under its Pathway to Healing brand. Pursuant to the License Agreements, NAI was permitted to terminate the License Agreements by written notice at any time. We notified Dr. Cherry and Cherry Ministries of our decision to discontinue the product line and the termination of the related license agreement was effective as of September 15, 2014. All termination activities related to the Pathway to Healing® product line were substantially completed by December 31, 2014. We did not change the financial presentation in this report to reflect the branded products segment as “Discontinued Operations” as the wind down of this product line did not meet the criteria for discontinued operations presentation as prescribed by applicable accounting regulations (ASC 205-20).

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We evaluate performance based on a number of factors. The primary performance measures for each segment are net sales and income or loss from operations before corporate allocations. Operating income or loss for each segment does not include corporate general and administrative expenses, interest expense and other miscellaneous income and expense items. Corporate general and administrative expenses include, but are not limited to: human resources, corporate legal, finance, information technology, and other corporate level related expenses, which are not allocated to any segment. The accounting policies of our segments are the same as those described in Note A above and in the consolidated financial statements included in our 2015 Annual Report.

Our operating results by business segment were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |  |  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |
Net Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private label contract manufacturing |  | $ | 21,619 |  |  | $ | 16,732 |  |  | $ | 37,884 |  |  | $ | 34,197 |
Patent and trademark licensing |  |  | 5,292 |  |  |  | 1,458 |  |  |  | 10,612 |  |  |  | 2,419 |
Branded products |  |  | — |  |  |  | 428 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 697 |
|  | $ | 26,911 |  |  | $ | 18,618 |  |  | $ | 48,496 |  |  | $ | 37,313 |

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |  |  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |
Income from Operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private label contract manufacturing |  | $ | 2,543 |  |  | $ | 1,643 |  |  | $ | 4,603 |  |  | $ | 2,911 |
Patent and trademark licensing |  |  | 1,692 |  |  |  | 833 |  |  |  | 2,691 |  |  |  | 1,365 |
Branded products |  |  | — |  |  |  | 213 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 244 |
Income from operations of reportable segments |  |  | 4,235 |  |  |  | 2,689 |  |  |  | 7,294 |  |  |  | 4,520 |
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments |  |  | (1,500 | ) |  |  | (1,308 | ) |  |  | (2,831 | ) |  |  | (2,570 | )
|  | $ | 2,735 |  |  | $ | 1,381 |  |  | $ | 4,463 |  |  | $ | 1,950 |

|  | December 31, 201 5 |  |  | June 30, 201 5 |
Total Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private label contract manufacturing |  | $ | 56,236 |  |  | $ | 50,313 |
Patent and trademark licensing |  |  | 4,610 |  |  |  | 3,503 |
Branded products |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 60,846 |  |  | $ | 53,816 |

Our private label contract manufacturing products are sold both in the U.S. and in markets outside the U.S., including Europe, Canada, Mexico, Africa, Australia and Asia. Our primary market outside the U.S. is Europe. Our patent and trademark licensing activities are primarily based in the U.S. and our branded products were only sold in the U.S.

Net sales by geographic region, based on the customers’ location, were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
United States |  | $ | 12,498 |  |  | $ | 9,373 |  |  | $ | 25,291 |  |  | $ | 19,084 |
Markets outside the United States |  |  | 14,413 |  |  |  | 9,245 |  |  |  | 23,205 |  |  |  | 18,229 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 26,911 |  |  | $ | 18,618 |  |  | $ | 48,496 |  |  | $ | 37,313 |

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Products manufactured by NAIE accounted for approximately 71% of net sales in markets outside the U.S. for the three months ended December 31, 2015 and 75% for the three months ended December, 31, 2014. NAIE accounted for 74% of net sales in markets outside the U.S. for the six months ended December 31, 2015 and 71% for the six months ended December 31, 2014. No products manufactured by NAIE were sold in the U.S. during the six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.

Assets and capital expenditures by geographic region, based on the location of the company or subsidiary at which they were located or made, were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Long-Lived Assets |  |  | Total Assets |  |  | Capital Expenditures |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | December 31, 201 5 |  |  | June 30, 201 5 |  |  | December 31, 201 5 |  |  | June 30, 201 5 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |  |  | December 31, 201 4 |
United States |  | $ | 4,899 |  |  | $ | 5,525 |  |  | $ | 39,620 |  |  | $ | 34,988 |  |  | $ | 320 |  |  | $ | 753 |
Europe |  |  | 2,863 |  |  |  | 2,108 |  |  |  | 21,226 |  |  |  | 18,828 |  |  |  | 1,090 |  |  |  | 172 |
|  | $ | 7,762 |  |  | $ | 7,633 |  |  | $ | 60,846 |  |  | $ | 53,816 |  |  | $ | 1,410 |  |  | $ | 925 |

I. Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2015 was an expense of 29.8% and the effective tax rate for the six months ended December 31, 2015 was an expense of 30.0%. The rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 34% primarily due to the favorable impact of foreign earnings taxed at less than the U.S. statutory rate.

To determine our quarterly provision for income taxes, we use an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions to which we are subject. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rate from quarter to quarter. There were no significant discrete items for the three and six months ended December 31, 2015. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, as an income tax expense.

We record valuation allowances to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2015, there was no change to our valuation allowance.

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates, for each of the jurisdictions in which we operate, expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

We are subject to taxation in the U.S., Switzerland and various state jurisdictions. Our tax years for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2009 and forward are subject to examination by the U.S. tax authorities and our years for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2007 and forward are subject to examination by the state tax authorities. Our tax years for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013 and forward are subject to examination by the Switzerland tax authorities.

We do not record U.S. income tax expense for NAIE’s retained earnings that are declared as indefinitely reinvested offshore, thus reducing our overall income tax expense. The amount of earnings designated as indefinitely reinvested in NAIE is based on the actual deployment of such earnings in NAIE’s assets and our expectations of the future cash needs of our U.S. and foreign entities. Income tax laws are also a factor in determining the amount of foreign earnings to be indefinitely reinvested offshore.

It is our policy to establish reserves based on management’s assessment of exposure for certain positions taken in previously filed tax returns that may become payable upon audit by tax authorities. The tax reserves are analyzed quarterly and adjustments are made as events occur that we believe warrant adjustments to the reserves.

J. Treasury Stock

On June 2, 2011, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $2.0 million of our common stock. On February 6, 2015, the Board of Directors authorized a $1.0 million increase to our stock repurchase plan bringing the total authorized repurchase amount to $3.0 million. On May 11, 2015, the Board of Directors authorized a $2.0 million increase to our stock repurchase plan bringing the total authorized repurchase amount to $5.0 million. Under the repurchase plan, we may, from time to time, purchase shares of our common stock, depending upon market conditions, in open market or privately negotiated transactions.

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During the six months ended December 31, 2015, we purchased 35,703 shares at a weighted average cost of $5.91 per share and a total cost of $212,000 including commissions and fees. During the six months ended December 31, 2014, we purchased 78,864 shares at a weighted average cost of $5.59 per share and a total cost of $441,000 including commissions and fees.

K. Derivatives and Hedging

We are exposed to gains and losses resulting from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates relating to forecasted product sales denominated in foreign currencies and transactions of NAIE, our foreign subsidiary. As part of our overall strategy to manage the level of exposure to the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, we may use foreign exchange contracts in the form of forward contracts. To the extent we enter into such contracts, there can be no guarantee any such contracts will be effective hedges against our foreign currency exchange risk.

As of December 31, 2015, we have forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges primarily to protect against the foreign exchange risks inherent in our forecasted sales of products at prices denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. These contracts are expected to be settled through August 2016. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, we record the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative in accumulated other comprehensive income (“OCI”) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity and subsequently reclassify these amounts into earnings in the period during which the hedged transaction is recognized in earnings.

For foreign currency contracts designated as cash flow hedges, hedge effectiveness is measured using the spot rate. Changes in the spot-forward differential are excluded from the test of hedge effectiveness and are recorded currently in earnings as interest expense. We measure effectiveness by comparing the cumulative change in the hedge contract with the cumulative change in the hedged item. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2015, we did not have any losses or gains related to the ineffective portion of our hedging instruments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. No hedging relationships were terminated as a result of ineffective hedging or forecasted transactions no longer probable of occurring for foreign currency forward contracts. We monitor the probability of forecasted transactions as part of the hedge effectiveness testing on a quarterly basis.

As of December 31, 2015, the notional amounts of our foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges were approximately $15.3 million (EUR 13.7 million). As of December 31, 2015, a net gain of approximately $234,000 related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges was recorded in OCI. It is expected that the entire OCI balance will be reclassified into earnings in the next 12 months along with the earnings effects of the related forecasted transactions.

As of December 31, 2015, the fair value of our cash flow hedges was a net asset of $322,000, which was classified in prepaids and other current assets in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three months ended December 31, 2015 we recognized $424,000 of gains in OCI and reclassified $45,000 of gains from OCI to revenue. During the six months ended December 31, 2015 we recognized $482,000 of gains in OCI and reclassified $7,000 of gains from OCI to revenue. As of June 30, 2015, $528,000 of the fair value of our cash flow hedges was classified in prepaids and other current assets, $45,000 was classified in accrued liabilities, and $9,000 was classified in other noncurrent liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three months ended December 31, 2014 we recognized $461,000 of gains in OCI and reclassified $426,000 of gains from OCI to revenue. During the six months ended December 31, 2014 we recognized $1.7 million of gains in OCI and reclassified $576,000 of gains from OCI to revenue.

L. Contingencies

From time to time, we become involved in various investigations, claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. These matters may relate to product liability, employment, intellectual property, tax, regulation, contract or other matters. The resolution of these matters as they arise will be subject to various uncertainties and, even if such claims are without merit, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. While unfavorable outcomes are possible, based on available information, we generally do not believe the resolution of these matters will result in a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition, or results of operation. However, a settlement payment or unfavorable outcome could adversely impact our results of operation. Our evaluation of the likely impact of these actions could change in the future and we could have unfavorable outcomes we do not expect.

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On December 21, 2011, NAI filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division, alleging infringement by Woodbolt Distribution, LLC, also known as Cellucor (Woodbolt), Vitaquest International, Inc., d/b/a Garden State Nutritionals (Garden State) and F.H.G. Corporation, d/b/a Integrity Nutraceuticals (Integrity), of NAI’s ’381 patent. The complaint alleges that Woodbolt sells nutritional supplements, including supplements containing beta-alanine such as C4 Extreme™, M5 Extreme™, and N-Zero Extreme™, that infringe the ‘381 patent. Woodbolt, in turn, filed a complaint seeking a declaratory judgment of non-infringement and invalidity of the ’381 patent in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. On February 17, 2012, Woodbolt filed a First Amended Complaint, realleging its original claims against the Company and asserting new claims of violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act (15 U.S.C. § 2) and Unfair Competition. The Company reasserted the arguments in its prior motion to dismiss and moved to dismiss the new claims asserted by Woodbolt. On January 23, 2013, the Delaware Court granted the Company’s motion to dismiss Woodbolt’s case. On June 5, 2012, the Court in the above-referenced Texas case consolidated the pending suit with a second patent infringement case filed against Woodbolt by the Company on May 3, 2012, asserting infringement its ‘422 patent. On November 9, 2012, NAI filed a supplemental complaint adding allegations of infringement of Woodbolt’s Cellucor Cor –Performance ®-BCAA™ and Cellucor Cor –Performance™ Creatine products. On June 14, 2013, NAI filed a third patent infringement lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division, against Woodbolt, BodyBuil ding.com and GNC Corporation alleging infringement of the ‘381 and ‘422 patents by Woodbolt’s Neon Sport Volt™ product. Woodbolt asserted the same defenses and counterclaims as set forth in the earlier lawsuits. On June 24, 2013, the Court consolidated the case with the earlier-filed lawsuits identified above. On June 25, 2013, Woodbolt filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division, against a newly-issued NAI U.S. patent no. 8,470,865, asserting declaratory judgment claims of non-infringement, invalidity and unenforceability. On July 1, 2013, Woodbolt’s lawsuit was consolidated with the three pending lawsuits filed by NAI. On July 24, 2013, NAI filed its Answer and Amended Counterclaims against Woodbolt alleging infringement of the ‘865 patent by the products accused in the pending cases previously filed by NAI. On August 14, 2013, Woodbolt filed a counterclaim to NAI’s counterclaim asserting violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act (15 U.S.C. § 2) and Unfair Competition. On September 4, 2013, NAI moved to have Woodbolt’s counterclaims dismissed from the case. All of the consolidated cases remain pending. Woodbolt has also requested inter partes re-examination of the ’381 and ’422 patents by the USPTO. On July 26, 2012, the USPTO accepted the request to re-examine the ’381 patent. On August 17, 2012, the USPTO accepted the request to re-exam the ’422 patent. On December 6, 2013, the USPTO rejected the claims of the ‘381 patent and issued a right of appeal notice. On January 6, 2014, the Company filed its notice of appeal. On January 13, 2015, the USPTO issued a notification of appeal hearing in the '381 reexamination, which took place on April 15, 2015, before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) at the USPTO. On July 17, 2015, the PTAB issued its decision affirming the USPTO's prior rejection of the '381 patent claims. On August 13, 2015, the Company filed a Request for Rehearing regarding the PTAB's decision. The request is currently pending. On August 8, 2014, the USPTO rejected the claims of the ‘422 patent and issued a right of appeal notice. On September 8, 2014, NAI filed its notice of appeal. The parties have filed briefs with the USPTO and the ‘422 reexamination is pending. On January 13, 2016, the USPTO noticed the hearing on the '422 reexamination for March 16, 2016.

On September 18, 2015, the Company filed a complaint against Creative Compounds, Inc., alleging various claims including (1) violation of Section 43 of the Lanham Act, (2) violation of California's Unfair Competition Law, (3) violation of California's False Advertising Law, (4) Trade Libel and Business Disparagement and (5) Intentional Interference with Prospective Economic Advantage. On October 23, 2015, Creative Compounds filed its answer to the Company's complaint denying the Company's allegations. No trial date has been set by the Court.

A declaration of non-infringement, invalidity or unenforceability of certain of our patents could have a material adverse impact upon our business results, operations, and financial condition.

Although we believe the above litigation matters are supported by valid claims, there is no assurance NAI will prevail in these litigation matters or in similar proceedings it may initiate or that litigation expenses will be as anticipated.

M. Subsequent Events

On July 30, 2015, we entered into a purchase and sale agreement for the sale of our domestic corporate headquarters in San Marcos, CA. This proposed sale is as of the result of an unsolicited offer for the purchase of our building. The first set of contingencies were satisfied effective October 12, 2015 resulting in the escrow deposit of $75,000 becoming non-refundable. There remains one significant additional contingency to the completion of the sale. As a result of this contingency, we are unable to determine the final sales price or expected gain that would result from the completion of this sales transaction, or whether the transaction will be completed.

On January 4, 2016, we entered into a purchase and sale agreement for the purchase of a building that may become our new domestic corporate headquarters in Carlsbad, CA. This proposed purchase is the result of the pending sale of our current domestic corporate headquarters in San Marcos, CA. The first set of contingencies has not yet been met as of the date of this filing and the escrow deposit of $100,000 remains refundable. As a result of this contingency, and the uncertainty around the sale of the current building, we are unable to determine the final purchase price, the timing, or whether the transaction will be completed.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis is intended to help you understand our financial condition and results of operations for the three and six months ended December 31, 2015. You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included under Item 1 in this report, as well as the risk factors and other information included in our 2015 Annual Report and other reports and documents we file with the SEC. Our future financial condition and results of operations will vary from our historical financial condition and results of operations described below based on a variety of factors.

Executive Overview

The following overview does not address all of the matters covered in the other sections of this Item 2 or other items in this report or contain all of the information that may be important to our stockholders or the investing public. This overview should be read in conjunction with the other sections of this Item 2 and this report.

Our primary business activity is providing private label contract manufacturing services to companies that market and distribute vitamins, minerals, herbs and other nutritional supplements, as well as other health care products, to consumers both within and outside the U.S. Historically, our revenue has been largely dependent on sales to one or two private label contract manufacturing customers and subject to variations in the timing of such customers’ orders, which in turn is impacted by such customers’ internal marketing programs, supply chain management, entry into new markets, new product introductions, the demand for such customers’ products, and general industry and economic conditions. Our revenue also includes royalty, licensing revenue, and raw material sales generated from our patent estate pursuant to license and supply agreements with third parties for the distribution and use of the ingredient known as beta-alanine sold under our CarnoSyn® trade name.

A cornerstone of our business strategy is to achieve long-term growth and profitability and to diversify our sales base. We have sought and expect to continue to seek to diversify our sales by developing relationships with additional, quality-oriented, private label contract manufacturing customers, and commercializing our patent estate through sales of beta-alanine under our Carnosyn® trade name. As part of this strategy, and in an effort to enhance shareholder value, we elected not to renew our Carnosyn® license and distribution agreement with CSI which expired March 31, 2015. Effective April 1, 2015, we began directly selling beta-alanine, and licensing the related patent and trademark rights, in order to take advantage of strategic opportunities, including possible additional contract manufacturing services, and to increase our top-line revenue and profit profile.

We have historically developed, manufactured and marketed our own branded products under the Pathway to Healing® product line, which was aimed at restoring, maintaining and improving the health of the users. However, due to the steady decline in sales of this product line over the prior several years, we decided to discontinue the product line. All termination activities related to the Pathway to Healing® product line were substantially complete by December 31, 2014. We did not change the financial presentation in this report to reflect the branded products segment as “Discontinued Operations” as the wind down of this product line did not meet the criteria for discontinued operations presentation as prescribed by applicable accounting regulations (ASC 205-20).

During the first six months of fiscal 2016, our net sales were 30% higher than in the first six months of fiscal 2015. Private label contract manufacturing sales increased 11% due primarily to the timing of product shipments of new and existing products, partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange rates as compared to the prior year period. Our foreign exchange rates as applied to sales denominated in Euro deceased to a weighted average of 1.11 EUR/USD in the first half of fiscal 2016 from a weighted average of 1.35 EUR/USD during the first half of fiscal 2015. Revenue concentration risk for our historically two largest private label contract manufacturing customers decreased to 59% as a percentage of our total private label contract manufacturing sales for the first six months of fiscal 2016 compared to 60% in the first six months of fiscal 2015. We expect our contract manufacturing revenue concentration percentage for our historically two largest customers to increase marginally during the remainder of fiscal 2016.

During the first six months of fiscal 2016, CarnoSyn® beta-alanine royalty, licensing revenue and raw material sales increased 339% to $10.6 million as compared to $2.4 million for the first six months of fiscal 2015. The increase in beta-alanine revenue was primarily due to the increase in raw material sales as a result of taking over the direct sale and distribution of beta-alanine raw materials effective April 1, 2015. We had raw material sales of beta-alanine totaling $10.6 million for the first six months of fiscal 2016 and no raw material sales during the first six months of fiscal 2015. To support the direct raw material sales of CarnoSyn® beta-alanine our beta-alanine raw material inventory was $1.2 million as of December 31, 2015 as compared to zero as of December 31, 2014 and $1.6 million as of June 30, 2015.

To protect our CarnoSyn® business and its underlying patent estate, we incurred litigation and patent compliance expenses of approximately $779,000 during the first six months of fiscal 2016 and $524,000 during the comparable period of fiscal 2015. We describe our efforts to protect our patent estate in more detail under Item 1 of Part II of our 2015 Annual Report. Our ability to maintain or further increase our beta-alanine royalty and licensing revenue will depend in large part on maintaining our patent rights, the continued compliance by third parties without our patent and trademark rights, management of our licensing and sub-licensing activities, and the availability of the raw material beta-alanine when and in the amounts needed, the ability to expand distribution of beta-alanine to new and existing customers.

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Net sales from our branded products declined 100% in the first six months of fiscal 2016 as compared to the first six months of fiscal 2015 due to our product line discontinuation efforts as described above.

During the remainder of fiscal 2016, we plan to continue to focus on:

| • | Leveraging our state-of-the-art, certified facilities to increase the value of the goods and services we provide to our highly valued private-label contract manufacturing customers, and assist us in developing relationships with additional quality oriented customers;

| • | Expanding the commercialization of our beta-alanine patent estate through new contract manufacturing, license and sub-license agreements and protecting our proprietary rights; and

| • | Improving operational efficiencies and managing costs and business risks to improve profitability.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and their accompanying notes. We have identified certain policies that we believe are important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations. These policies require the application of significant judgment by our management. We base our estimates on our historical experience, industry standards, and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. An adverse effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, and results of operations could occur if circumstances change that alter the various assumptions or conditions used in such estimates or assumptions.

Our critical accounting policies are discussed under Item 7 of our 2015 Annual Report and recent accounting pronouncements are discussed under Item A to our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report. There have been no significant changes to these policies or pronouncements during the three months ended December 31, 2015 other than as listed under Item A to our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statement contained in this Quarterly Report.

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Results of Operations

The results of our operations for the three- and six-month periods ended December 31 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |  |  | % Change |  |  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |  |  | % Change |
Private label contract manufacturing |  | $ | 21,619 |  |  | $ | 16,732 |  |  |  | 29% |  |  | $ | 37,884 |  |  | $ | 34,197 |  |  |  | 11% |
Patent and trademark licensing |  |  | 5,292 |  |  |  | 1,458 |  |  |  | 263% |  |  |  | 10,612 |  |  |  | 2,419 |  |  |  | 339% |
Branded products |  |  | — |  |  |  | 428 |  |  |  | (100%) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 697 |  |  |  | (100%) |
Total net sales |  |  | 26,911 |  |  |  | 18,618 |  |  |  | 45% |  |  |  | 48,496 |  |  |  | 37,313 |  |  |  | 30% |
Cost of goods sold |  |  | 21,242 |  |  |  | 14,641 |  |  |  | 45% |  |  |  | 38,094 |  |  |  | 30,539 |  |  |  | 25% |
Gross profit |  |  | 5,669 |  |  |  | 3,977 |  |  |  | 43% |  |  |  | 10,402 |  |  |  | 6,774 |  |  |  | 54% |
Gross profit % |  |  | 21.1 | % |  |  | 21.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21.4 | % |  |  | 18.2 | % |  |  |  |
Selling, general & administrative expenses |  |  | 2,934 |  |  |  | 2,596 |  |  |  | 13% |  |  |  | 5,939 |  |  |  | 4,824 |  |  |  | 23% |
% of net sales |  |  | 10.9 | % |  |  | 13.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12.2 | % |  |  | 12.9 | % |  |  |  |
Income from operations |  |  | 2,735 |  |  |  | 1,381 |  |  |  | 98% |  |  |  | 4,463 |  |  |  | 1,950 |  |  |  | 129% |
% of net sales |  |  | 10.2 | % |  |  | 7.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9.2 | % |  |  | 5.2 | % |  |  |  |
Other income, net |  |  | (75 | ) |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | (400%) |  |  |  | (61 | ) |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | 43% |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 2,660 |  |  |  | 1,396 |  |  |  | 91% |  |  |  | 4,402 |  |  |  | 2,057 |  |  |  | 114% |
% of net sales |  |  | 9.9 | % |  |  | 7.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9.1 | % |  |  | 5.5 | % |  |  |  |
Income tax expense |  |  | 792 |  |  |  | 315 |  |  |  | 151% |  |  |  | 1,321 |  |  |  | 489 |  |  |  | 170% |
Net income |  | $ | 1,868 |  |  | $ | 1,081 |  |  |  | 73% |  |  | $ | 3,081 |  |  | $ | 1,568 |  |  |  | 96% |
% of net sales |  |  | 6.9 | % |  |  | 5.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.4 | % |  |  | 4.2 | % |  |  |  |

The percentage increase in contract manufacturing net sales was primarily attributed to the following for the three- and six-month periods ended December 31, 2015:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
The Juice Plus+ Company (1) |  |  | 18 | % |  |  | 8 | %
Mannatech, Incorporated (2) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (3 | )
Other customers (3) |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 6 |
Total |  |  | 29 | % |  |  | 11 | %

1 | The increase in net sales to The Juice Plus+ Company during the three months ended December 31, 2015 included an increase in international sales of 24% and an increase in domestic sales of 44%. The increase in net sales to The Juice Plus+ Company during the six months ended December 31, 2015 included an increase in international sales of 5% and an increase in domestic sales of 32%. The increase in international sales during both periods was primarily driven by increased shipments partially offset by the decreased exchange rate as compared to the comparable periods in the prior year. The domestic increase is primarily due to new products resulting in increased units shipped in addition to higher average sales prices.

2 | Net sales to Mannatech, Incorporated increased slightly during the three months ended December 31, 2015 due to timing of orders and shipments. Net sales to Mannatech, Incorporated decreased during the six months ended primarily as a result of lower volumes of established products in existing markets.

3 | The increase in net sales to other customers during the three months and six months ended December 31, 2015 compared to the same periods in prior year was primarily due to sales of new products to new customers and a net increase in sales of existing products for other existing customers, partially offset by the lower Euro foreign exchange rate.

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Net sales from our patent and trademark licensing segment increased 263% during the three months ended December 31, 2015 and 339% during the six months ended December 31, 2015, compared to the same periods in prior year. The increase in beta-alanine raw material sales was a result of our decision to take over the direct sale and distribution of beta-alanine effective April 1, 2015. As part of this decision, we allowed our agreement with CSI to expire as of March 31, 2015, which also discontinued our royalty income stream. We began directly selling beta-alanine, and licensing the related patent and trademark rights, in order to take advantage of strategic opportunities, including opportunities to provide additional contract manufacturing services, and to increase our top-line revenue and profit profile. During the first six months of fiscal 2016, all of our sales were from the direct sale and distribution of beta-alanine while all of our sales for the first six months of fiscal 2015 were related to royalties paid by CSI.

Net sales from our branded products segment decreased 100% during the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 compared to the same periods in prior year due to discontinuation of a product line, as discussed above.

Gross profit margin decreased 0.3 during the second quarter of fiscal 2016 from the comparable quarter in fiscal 2015 and increased 3.2 percentage points during the first six months ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the first six months of fiscal 2015. The change in gross profit margin was primarily due to the following for the three- and six-month periods ended December 31, 2015:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
Contract manufacturing: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shift in sales and material mix(1) |  |  | (8.6 | )% |  |  | (8.7 | )%
Changes in overhead expenses(1) |  |  | 3.9 |  |  |  | 5.3 |
Changes in direct and indirect labor(1) |  |  | 3.4 |  |  |  | 3.8 |
Patent and trademark licensing(2) |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | 4.0 |
Branded products operations(3) |  |  | (1.7 | ) |  |  | (1.2 | )
Total |  |  | (0.3 | )% |  |  | 3.2 | %

1 | Private label contract manufacturing gross profit margin as a percentage of consolidated net sales decreased 1.3 points during the three months ended December 31, 2015 and increased 0.4 percentage points during the six months ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the comparable periods in fiscal 2015. The change in gross profit as a percentage of sales during the three month period ended December 31, 2015 was primarily driven by the shift in sales and material mix between the periods, including lower average Euro exchange rates partially offset by improved operational throughput and lower per unit manufacturing costs. The change in gross profit as a percentage of sales during the six month period ended December 31, 2015 was primarily driven by the shift in sales and material mix between the periods, including lower average Euro exchange rates offset by improved operational throughput and lower per unit manufacturing costs.

2 | Patent and trademark licensing gross profit margin as a percentage of consolidated net sales increased 2.7 during the three months ended December 31, 2015 and 4.0 percentage points during the six months ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the comparable periods in fiscal 2015. These increases are primarily due to patent and trademark revenue representing a higher percentage of consolidated net sales on a period over period basis. In addition, we took over the raw material sale and distribution activities for beta-alanine in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, which resulted in additional profit contribution per sales dollar during the three and six months ended December 31, 2015.

3 | Branded products gross profit margin as a percentage of consolidated net sales decreased 1.7 during the three months ended December 31, 2015 and 1.2 percentage points during the six months ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the comparable periods in fiscal 2015 due to the discontinuation of our Pathway to Healing® product line.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $0.3 million, or 13%, during the second quarter of fiscal 2016 as compared to the comparable prior year period. During the first six months of fiscal 2016, selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $1.1 million, or 23%, as compared to comparable prior year period. The increase for both the three and six month periods ended December 31, 2015 is primarily due to increased employee compensation costs, increased litigation and patent compliance expenses, and sales and marketing expenses associated with our patent and trademark licensing segment. The increase in expenses associated with our patent and trademark licensing segment are primarily associated with our efforts to further commercialize our CarnoSyn® beta-alanine patent estate since taking over the direct sale and distribution of beta-alanine effective April 1, 2015.

The changes in Other income, net for both the three and six month periods ended December 31, 2015, as compared to the same periods in the prior year, primarily related to changes in foreign currency exchange activity.

Our income tax expense increased $0.5 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2016 and $0.8 million during the six months ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the same periods in fiscal 2015. The increases were due to increased pre-tax income as compared to the same periods the prior fiscal year.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash flows provided by operating activities and the availability of borrowings under our credit facility. Net cash provided by operating activities was $5.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2015, compared to $2.0 million provided by operating activities in the comparable period in the prior year.

At December 31, 2015, changes in accounts receivable, consisting primarily of amounts due from our private label contract manufacturing customers and our patent and trademark licensing activities, provided $2.3 million in cash compared to providing $2.1 million in the comparable period in the prior year. The increase in cash provided by accounts receivable during the six months ended December 31, 2015, was primarily due to the timing and collection of sales year over year. Days sales outstanding was 33 days as of December 31, 2015, compared to 28 days as of December 31, 2014.

At December 31, 2015, changes in inventory used $5.7 million in cash compared to providing $0.2 million of cash in the comparable prior year period. The change in cash activity from inventory during the six months ended December 31, 2015 was primarily related to inventory purchased to support our patent and trademark licensing business as a result of taking over the direct sales and distribution activities as of April 1, 2015, and inventory purchased to support growing private label contract manufacturing demand. Changes in accounts payable and accrued liabilities provided $2.1 million in cash during the six months ended December 31, 2015 compared to using $3.1 million during the six months ended December 31, 2014. The change in cash flow activity related to accounts payable and accrued liabilities is primarily due to the timing of inventory receipts and payments.

Approximately $1.8 million of our operating cash flow was generated by NAIE in the six months ended December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2015, NAIE’s undistributed retained earnings were considered indefinitely reinvested.

Cash used in investing activities during the six months ended December 31, 2105 was $0.8 million as compared to $0.9 million during the six months ended December 31, 2014. Capital expenditures increased to $1.4 million during the six months ended December 31, 2015 compared to $0.9 million in the comparable period in the prior year, and were primarily for manufacturing equipment in our Vista, California and Manno, Switzerland facilities. The capital expenditures during the first six months of fiscal 2016 were partially offset by proceeds from the sale of equipment of $0.6 million as compared to $1,000 in the comparable quarter last year.

Cash used in financing activities for the six months periods ending December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 related to share purchases of our common stock as part of our share repurchase program.

We did not have any consolidated debt as of either December 31, 2015 or June 30, 2015.

On February 1, 2016, we executed a new Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. The Credit Agreement replaces the previous credit facility and provides us with a credit line of up to $10.0 million. The line of credit may be used to finance working capital requirements. There was no commitment fee required as part of this agreement. There are no amounts currently drawn under the line of credit.

Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, borrowings are subject to eligibility requirements including maintaining (i) a ratio of total liabilities to tangible net worth of not greater than 1.25 to 1.0 at any time; and (ii) a ratio of total current assets to total current liabilities of not less than 1.75 to 1.0 at each fiscal quarter end. Any amounts outstanding under the line of credit will bear interest at a fixed or fluctuating interest rate as elected by NAI from time to time; provided, however, that if the outstanding principal amount is less than $100,000 such amount shall bear interest at the then applicable fluctuating rate of interest. If elected, the fluctuating rate per annum would be equal to 1.25% above the daily one month LIBOR rate as in effect from time to time. If a fixed rate is elected, it would equal a per annum rate of 1.25% above the LIBOR rate in effect on the first day of the applicable fixed rate term. Any amounts outstanding under the line of credit must be paid in full on or before January 31, 2019. Amounts outstanding that are subject to a fluctuating interest rate may be prepaid at any time without penalty. Amounts outstanding that are subject to a fixed interest rate may be prepaid at any time in minimum amounts of $100,000, subject to a prepayment fee equal to the sum of the discounted monthly differences for each month from the month of prepayment through the month in which the then applicable fixed rate term matures.

Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by our accounts receivable and other rights to payment, general intangibles, inventory, equipment and fixtures. We also have a foreign exchange facility with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. in effect until January 31, 2019, and with Bank of America, N.A. in effect until August 15, 2016.

On December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with all of the financial and other covenants required under our previous credit agreement effective at that time.

On September 22, 2006, NAIE, our wholly owned subsidiary, entered into a credit facility to provide it with a credit line of up to CHF 1.3 million, or approximately $1.3 million, which was the initial maximum aggregate amount that could be outstanding at any one time under the credit facility. This maximum amount is reduced annually by CHF 160,000, or approximately $161,000. On February 19, 2007, NAIE amended its credit facility to provide that the maximum aggregate amount that may be outstanding under the facility cannot be reduced below CHF 500,000, or approximately $505,000. As of December 31, 2015, there was no outstanding balance under this credit facility.

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Under its credit facility, NAIE may draw amounts either as current account loan credits to its current or future bank accounts or as fixed loans with a maximum term of 24 months. Current account loans will bear interest at the rate of 5% per annum. Fixed loans will bear interest at a rate determined by the parties based on current market conditions and must be repaid pursuant to a repayment schedule established by the parties at the time of the loan. If a fixed loan is repaid early at NAIE’s election or in connection with the termination of the credit facility, NAIE will be charged a pre-payment penalty equal to 0.1% of the principal amount of the fixed loan or CHF 1,000 (approximately $1009), whichever is greater. The bank reserves the right to refuse individual requests for an advance under the credit facility, although its exercise of such right will not have the effect of terminating the credit facility as a whole.

As of December 31, 2015, we had $22.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and $5.5 million available under our credit facilities. We believe our available cash, cash equivalents and potential cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our current working capital needs and capital expenditures through at least the next 12 months.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2015, we did not have any off-balance sheet debt nor did we have any transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations) or other relationships with any unconsolidated entities or other persons that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources, or significant components of revenue or expenses material to investors.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements are discussed in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 1 of this report. Other than those pronouncements, we are not aware of any other pronouncements that materially affect our financial position or results of operations.

ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We maintain certain disclosure controls and procedures as defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. They are designed to help ensure that material information is: (1) gathered and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and financial officers, in a manner that allows for timely decisions regarding required disclosures; and (2) recorded, processed, summarized, reported and filed with the SEC as required under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and within the time periods specified by the SEC.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer), evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2015. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective for their intended purpose described above as of December 31, 2015.

There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting during the quarterly period ended December 31, 2015 that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we become involved in various investigations, claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. These matters may relate to intellectual property, product liability, employment, tax, regulation, contract or other matters. The resolution of these matters as they arise will be subject to various uncertainties and, even if such claims are without merit, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. While unfavorable outcomes are possible, based on available information, we generally do not believe the resolution of these matters will result in a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition, or results of operations. However, a settlement payment or unfavorable outcome could adversely impact our results of operations. Our evaluation of the likely impact of these actions could change in the future and we could have unfavorable outcomes we do not expect.

As of February 8, 2016, except as described below, neither NAI nor its subsidiary were a party to any material pending legal proceeding nor was any of our property the subject of any material pending legal proceeding.

On December 21, 2011, NAI filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division, alleging infringement by Woodbolt Distribution, LLC, also known as Cellucor (Woodbolt), Vitaquest International, Inc., d/b/a Garden State Nutritionals (Garden State) and F.H.G. Corporation, d/b/a Integrity Nutraceuticals (Integrity), of NAI’s ’381 patent. The complaint alleges that Woodbolt sells nutritional supplements, including supplements containing beta-alanine such as C4 Extreme™, M5 Extreme™, and N-Zero Extreme™, that infringe ‘‘381 patent. Woodbolt, in turn, filed a complaint seeking a declaratory judgment of non-infringement and invalidity of the ’381 patent in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. On February 17, 2012, Woodbolt filed a First Amended Complaint, realleging its original claims against the Company and asserting new claims of violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act (15 U.S.C. § 2) and Unfair Competition. The Company reasserted the arguments in its prior motion to dismiss and moved to dismiss the new claims asserted by Woodbolt. On January 23, 2013, the Delaware Court granted the Company’s motion to dismiss Woodbolt’s case. On June 5, 2012, the Court in the above-referenced Texas case consolidated the pending suit with a second patent infringement case filed against Woodbolt by the Company on May 3, 2012, asserting infringement of its ‘422 patent. On November 9, 2012, NAI filed a supplemental complaint adding allegations of infringement of Woodbolt’s Cellucor Cor –Performance ®-BCAA™ and Cellucor Cor –Performance™ Creatine products. On June 14, 2013, NAI filed a third pat ent infringement lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division, against Woodbolt, BodyBuilding.com and GNC Corporation alleging infringement of the ‘381 and ‘422 patents by Woodbolt’s Neon Sport Volt™ product. Woodbolt asserted the same defenses and counterclaims as set forth in the earlier lawsuits. On June 24, 2013, the Court consolidated the case with the earlier-filed lawsuits identified above. On June 25, 2013, Woodbolt filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division, against a newly-issued NAI U.S. patent no. 8,470,865, asserting declaratory judgment claims of non-infringement, invalidity and unenforceability. On July 1, 2013, Woodbolt’s lawsuit was consolidated with the three pending lawsuits filed by NAI. On July 24, 2013, NAI filed its Answer and Amended Counterclaims against Woodbolt alleging infringement of the ‘865 patent by the products accused in the pending cases previously filed by NAI. On August 14, 2013, Woodbolt filed a counterclaim to NAI’s counterclaim asserting violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act (15 U.S.C. § 2) and Unfair Competition. On September 4, 2013, NAI moved to have Woodbolt’s counterclaims dismissed from the case. All of the consolidated cases remain pending. Separately, Woodbolt also requested inter partes re-examination of the ’381 and ’422 patents by the USPTO. On July 26, 2012, the USPTO accepted the request to re-exam the ’381 patent. On August 17, 2012, the USPTO accepted the request to re-exam the ’422 patent. On December 6, 2013, the USPTO rejected the claims of the ‘381 patent and issued a right of appeal notice. On January 6, 2014, NAI filed its notice of appeal. On January 13, 2015, the USPTO issued a notification of appeal hearing in the '381 reexamination, which took place on April 15, 2015, before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) at the USPTO. On July 17, 2015, the PTAB issued its decision affirming the USPTO's prior rejection of the '381 patent claims. On August 13, 2015, the Company filed a Request for Rehearing regarding the PTAB's decision. The request is currently pending. On August 8, 2014, the USPTO rejected the claims of the ‘422 patent and issued a right of appeal notice. On September 8, 2014, NAI filed its notice of appeal. The parties have filed briefs with the USPTO and the ‘422 reexamination is pending. On January 13, 2016, the USPTO noticed the hearing on the '422 reexamination for March 16, 2016.

On September 18, 2015, the Company filed a complaint against Creative Compounds, Inc., alleging various claims including (1) violation of Section 43 of the Lanham Act, (2) violation of California's Unfair Competition Law, (3) violation of California's False Advertising Law, (4) Trade Libel and Business Disparagement and (5) Intentional Interference with Prospective Economic Advantage. On October 23, 2015, Creative Compounds filed its answer to the Company's complaint denying the Company's allegations. No trial date has been set by the Court.

Although we believe the above litigation matters are supported by valid claims, there is no assurance NAI will prevail in these litigation matters or in similar proceedings it may initiate or that litigation expenses will be as anticipated.

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ITEM1 A. | RISK FACTORS

When evaluating our business and future prospects you should carefully consider the risks described under Item 1A of our 2015 Annual Report, as well as the other information in our 2015 Annual Report, this report and other reports and documents we file with the SEC. If any of the identified risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed. In that event, the market price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or a portion of the value of your investment in our common stock.

ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Repurchases

During the quarter ended December 31, 2015, we repurchased 6,441 shares of our common stock at a total cost of $40,000 (including commissions and transaction fees) as set forth below:

Period |  | (a) Total Number of Shares Purchased |  |  | (b) Average Price Paid per Share |  |  | (c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs1 |  |  | (d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (as of December 31, 2015) |
October 1, 2015 to October 31, 2015 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
November 1, 2015 to November 30, 2015 |  |  | 6,441 |  |  |  | $6.04 |  |  |  | 6,441 |  |  |  | $1,307,000 |
December 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | 6,441 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,441 |  |  |  | $1,307,000 |

1. | On June 3, 2011, we announced a plan to repurchase up to $2 million in shares of our common stock.
2. | On February 6, 2015, the Board of Directors authorized a $1 million increase to our stock repurchase plan bringing the total authorized repurchase amount to $3 million.
3. | On May 11, 2015, the Board of Directors authorized a $2 million increase to our stock repurchase plan bringing the total authorized repurchase amount to $5 million.

ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS

The following exhibit index shows those exhibits filed with this report and those incorporated by reference:

Exhibit Number | Description | Incorporated By Reference To
3(i) | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Natural Alternatives International, Inc. filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on January 14, 2005 | Exhibit 3(i) of NAI’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2004, filed with the commission on February 14, 2005
3(ii) | Amended and Restated By-laws of Natural Alternatives International, Inc. dated as of February 9, 2009 | Exhibit 3(ii) of NAI’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 9, 2009, filed with the commission on February 13, 2009
4(i) | Form of NAI’s Common Stock Certificate | Exhibit 4(i) of NAI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2005, filed with the commission on September 8, 2005
10.01 | Credit agreement by and between NAI and the Wells Fargo Bank N.A. effective as of February 1, 2016 | Filed herewith
10.02 | Revolving Line of Credit Note made by NAI for the benefit of Wells Fargo Bank N.A. dated February 1, 2016 in the amount of $10,000,000. | Filed herewith
31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer | Filed herewith
31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer | Filed herewith
32 | Section 1350 Certification | Filed herewith
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document | Filed herewith
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | Filed herewith
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | Filed herewith
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | Filed herewith
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | Filed herewith
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Natural Alternatives International, Inc., has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: February 9, 2016

| NATURAL ALTERNATIVES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
| By: | /s/ Mark A. LeDoux |
|  | Mark A. LeDoux, Chief Executive Officer
|  | (principal executive officer)

| By: | /s/ Michael E. Fortin |
|  | Michael E. Fortin, Chief Financial Officer
|  | (principal financial and accounting officer)

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