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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
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Oct. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES USE OF ESTIMATES The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Trust’s operations are affected by numerous factors, including the economy, competition in the hotel industry and the effect of the economy on the travel and hospitality industries. The Trust cannot predict if any of the above items will have a significant impact in the future, nor can it predict what impact, if any, the occurrence of these or other events might have on the Trust’s operations and cash flows. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include, but are not limited to, the estimated useful lives of long-lived assets and estimates of future cash flows used to test a long-lived asset for recoverability, the fair values of the long-lived assets, collections of receivables and valuation of stock based compensation. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT AND HOTEL PROPERTIES Furniture, fixtures, building improvements and hotel properties are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated lives ranging up to 40 years for buildings and 3 to 10 years for furniture and equipment. Management applies guidance ASC 360-10-35, to determine when it is required to test an asset for recoverability of its carrying value and whether an impairment exists. Under ASC 360-10-35, the Trust is required to test a long-lived asset for impairment when there is an indicator of impairment. Impairment indicators may include, but are not limited to, a drop in the performance of a long-lived asset, a decline in the hospitality industry or a decline in the economy. If an indicator of potential impairment is present, then an assessment is performed of whether the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows over its estimated remaining life. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows over the asset’s estimated remaining life are greater than the asset’s carrying value, no impairment is recognized; however, if the carrying value of the asset exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, then the Trust would recognize an impairment expense to the extent the asset’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, if any. The estimated future cash flows are based upon, among other things, assumptions about expected future operating performance, and may differ from actual cash flows. Long-lived assets evaluated for impairment are analyzed on a property-specific basis independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets. Evaluation of future cash flows is based on historical experience and other factors, including certain economic conditions and committed future bookings. Management has determined that no impairment of long-lived assets existed during the Trust’s fiscal quarters and nine months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016. REVENUE RECOGNITION Hotel and Operations: Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 104, “Revenue Recognition” summarizes the SEC’s views in applying generally accepted accounting principles to revenue recognition in financial statements. SAB No. 104 establishes the SEC’s view that it is not appropriate to recognize revenue until all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. Further, SAB No. 104 requires that both title and the risks and rewards of ownership be transferred to the buyer before revenue can be recognized. We believe that our revenue recognition policies as described below are in compliance with SAB No. 104. Revenues are primarily derived from the following sources and are recognized as services are rendered and when collectability is reasonably assured. Amounts received in advance of revenue recognition are considered deferred liabilities. Revenues primarily consist of room rentals, food and beverage sales, management and trademark fees and other miscellaneous revenues from our properties. Revenues are recorded when rooms are occupied and when food and beverage sales are delivered. Management and trademark fees from hotels include a monthly accounting fee and a percentage of hotel room revenues for managing the daily operations of the Hotels and the two hotels owned by affiliates of Mr. Wirth. We are required to collect certain taxes and fees from customers on behalf of government agencies and remit these back to the applicable governmental agencies on a periodic basis. We have a legal obligation to act as a collection agent. We do not retain these taxes and fees and, therefore, they are not included in revenues. We record a liability when the amounts are collected and relieve the liability when payments are made to the applicable taxing authority or other appropriate governmental agency. IBC Technologies Division Our operating results are affected by certain metrics, such as bookings and revenue margin, which we believe are necessary for understanding and evaluating us. Gross bookings represent the total retail value of transactions booked for both agency and merchant transactions, recorded at the time of booking reflecting the total price due for travel by travelers, including taxes, fees and other charges. As travelers have increased their use of the internet to book travel arrangements, we have generally seen our gross bookings increase, reflecting the growth in the online travel industry, our organic market share gains and our business acquisitions. We also evaluate the presentation of revenue on a gross versus a net basis. The consensus of the authoritative accounting literature is that the presentation of revenue as “the gross amount billed to a customer because it has earned revenue from the sale of goods or services or the net amount retained (that is, the amount billed to a customer less the amount paid to a supplier) because it has earned a commission or fee” is a matter of judgment that depends on the relevant facts and circumstances. In making an evaluation of this issue, some of the factors that should be considered are: whether we are the primary obligor in the arrangement (strong indicator); whether we have general supply risk (before customer order is placed or upon customer return) (strong indicator); and whether we have latitude in establishing price. The guidance clearly indicates that the evaluation of these factors, which at times can be contradictory, are subject to significant judgment and subjectivity. If the conclusion drawn is that we perform as an agent or a broker without assuming the risks and rewards of ownership of goods, revenue should be reported on a net basis. For our revenue models, discussed below, we have determined gross presentation is appropriate for certain of revenue transactions and net for others. Based on our initial evaluation of the new revenue recognition standards effective for filing periods after February 1, 2018, the Trust believes that all of our revenues will be presented on a net basis. IVH - Business to Consumer IVH (Business to Consumer) and IBC (Business to Business) are two very different businesses that have two very different customer bases and provide very different services. IVH (Business to Consumer)’s customer is the guest who is staying at the hotel property. Their customer isn’t the hotel that the guest is staying at. The consumer gets to select which hotel and which room type. In some cases IVH prepays for discounted inventory from suppliers and resells it to guests so IVH is holding the supply. IVH plans on potentially doing more of this type of business based on the economics. We provide significant value to the guest by providing a 24/7/365 reservation hotline, travel insurance and support up until the guest reaches the hotel property. We are paid in a variety of ways, sometimes the full value of the reservation is paid to us, of which we remit the hotels portion, sometime just our reservation fee which is equal to a non-refundable deposit made by the guest and sometime by billing the hotel for our reservation fee. Regardless of payment method and mostly depending upon the contractual obligations between IVH and the hotel, IVH typically is forced to pay for no-show reservations. IBC – Business to Business IBC is a leading technology solutions provider to the global travel and tourism industry. IBC’s customer base is the hospitality properties, not the guests who are staying at the properties. The written agreements IBC has is directly with the properties. IBC has significant information risks per their contractual obligations with the hotels. Services include a CRS, Digital Marketing Services, Meta Services, Patent-pending loyalty services, websites and proprietary booking engines. IBC is the primary obligor in the arrangement to provide these services. The hotels look to IBC to fulfill the contractual obligations of the arrangement. IBC is required to pay all upfront costs, regardless of usage and therefore has general inventory risk. IBC sets the price of its contracts and has the latitude to sell our services at various prices to our hotels. IBC changes the product before our hotels receive it as we have entire onboarding team dedicated that the content is uploaded properly, we have a call center and we provide the technology updates as necessary. IBC has sole discretion in selecting our suppliers and the product and service has been designed by IBC. In addition, IBC owns the software that the hotels license the rights to we invoice all of our hotels on monthly basis and record the gross amount of our services as revenues. IBC derives substantially all of our digital marketing revenues from the performance of professional services on a fixed price monthly basis. Our digital marketing services include, but are not limited to, metasearch, retargeting, website design, reputation management, various online business listing services, social media marketing and rate shopping services. We recognize revenues as professional services are performed. A significant component of our digital marketing is search engine marketing (“SEM”). With SEM, we receive a commission on top of the amount of advertising we place for our clients. We incur digital advertising costs on behalf of our clients which are reflected in our advertising and marketing expenses. These expenses include media and production services to place advertisements strategically on various websites to maximize obtaining additional reservations for the hotel. Based on our policy, we recognize revenue when we believe that persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and the collectability of our revenues are reasonably assured. INCOME PER SHARE Basic and diluted income (loss) per Share of Beneficial Interest is computed based on the weighted-average number of Shares of Beneficial Interest and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period. Dilutive securities are limited to the Class A and Class B units of the Partnership, which are convertible into 3,308,414 Shares of the Beneficial Interest, as discussed in Note 1. For the periods ended October 31, 2017 and 2016, there were Class A and Class B Partnership units outstanding, which are convertible into Shares of Beneficial Interest of the Trust. Assuming conversion at the beginning of each period, the aggregate weighted-average of these Shares of Beneficial Interest would have been 3,528,578 and 3,684,069 in addition to the basic shares outstanding for the nine months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These Shares of Beneficial Interest issuable upon conversion of the Class A and Class B Partnership units were dilutive during the periods ended October 31, 2017 and 2016, and are excluded in the calculation of diluted loss per share for these periods as their effected would be anti-dilutive. SEGMENT REPORTING The Trust determined that its operations are comprised of two reportable segments, a Hotel Operations & Corporate Overhead segment that has ownership interest in three hotel properties with an aggregate of 424 suites in Arizona and New Mexico, and the IBC Hospitality segment serving 2,000 unrelated hotel properties. The Trust has a concentration of assets in the southwest United States and the southern Arizona market. Consistent with the change in reportable segments, the Trust revised its prior period financial information for the new segment structure. Historical financial information presented in this Form 10-Q reflects this change. On an overall basis, the Trust has elected to only put the costs directly attributable to the IBC Hospitality in that segment. Included in these costs are sales, marketing and technology development costs. IBC Hotels, LLC was formed during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2014. IBC Hotels, LLC charges a 10% - 20% booking fee which, we believe, increases the independent hotel net profits through lower guest acquisition costs and full guest information for lower lifetime average acquisition cost. Competitors of IBC Hotels can charge anywhere from a 15% to 50% booking fee. InnDependent InnCentives, IBC’s loyalty program, allows hoteliers to benefit from guests who frequently stay at IBC independent hotels. We are planning significant expansion of IBC Hotels during the next couple of fiscal years as we concentrate our sales and marketing efforts towards consumers, but can provide no assurance that we will be successful. The Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), the Trust’s CEO, Mr. Wirth, does not see any value in allocating costs for items not directly attributable to the IBC Hospitality segment for several reasons. The first is that the Trust’s base business is the Hotel Operations & Corporate Overhead segment, and the majority of the expenses of the Trust would continue even if the Trust was not in the reservation business. If the Trust were to allocate general expenses to the reservation business based on some allocation method (e.g., on sales), it would not improve the value of segment reporting, but it would only serve to make the results of the Hotel Operations & Corporate Overhead segment look better and give investors a false sense of the profitability of the Hotel Operations & Corporate Overhead segment without the IBC Hospitality segment. The CODM wants to understand the true investment in the reservation business and that result is delivered by allocating only costs directly associated with the IBC Hospitality segment. By retaining the remainder of costs not associated with the IBC Hospitality segment in the Hotel Operations & Corporate Overhead segment, the Trust is able to compare the Hotel Operations & Corporate Overhead segment to historical figures where the bulk of the business was only that segment of operations to gauge relative efficiency of the Hotel Operations & Corporate Overhead segment as compared to historical norms. The Trust has chosen to focus its hotel investments in the southwest region of the United States. The CODM does not review assets by geographical region; therefore, no income statement or balance sheet information by geographical region is provided. NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST Non-controlling interest in the Trust represents the limited partners’ proportionate share of the capital and earnings of the Partnership. Income or loss is allocated to the non-controlling interest based on a weighted average ownership percentage in the entities throughout the period, and capital is allocated based on the ownership percentage at quarter-end. Any difference between the weighted average and point-in-time allocations is presented as a reallocation of non-controlling interest as a component of shareholders’ equity. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS For disclosure purposes, fair value is determined by using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The fair value framework specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques, which is based on whether the inputs into the valuation technique are observable or unobservable. The fair value hierarchy levels are as follows:
| ● | Level 1 – Valuation techniques in which all significant inputs are unadjusted quoted prices from active markets for assets or liabilities that are identical to the assets or liabilities being measured.
| ● | Level 2 – Valuation techniques in which significant inputs include quoted prices from active markets for assets or liabilities that are similar to the assets or liabilities being measured and / or quoted prices for assets or liabilities that are identical or similar to the assets or liabilities being measured from markets that are not active. Also, model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets are level 2 valuation techniques.
| ● | Level 3 – Valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. Unobservable inputs are valuation technique inputs that reflect a company’s own judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
The Trust has no assets or liabilities that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis and had no fair value re-measurements during the periods ended October 31, 2017 and 2016. Due to their short maturities, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates fair value. The fair value of mortgage notes payable, notes payable to banks and notes and advances payable to related parties is estimated by using the current rates which would be available for similar loans having the same remaining maturities and are based on level 3 inputs.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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