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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 6 Months Ended
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Jul. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES USE OF ESTIMATES The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the audited condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Trust’s operations are affected by numerous factors, including the economy, inflation, virus/pandemic, competition in the hotel industry and the effect of the economy on the travel and hospitality industries. The Trust cannot predict if any of the above items will have a significant impact in the future, nor can it predict what impact, if any, the occurrence of these or other events might have on the Trust’s operations and cash flows. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include, but are not limited to, the estimated useful lives of long-lived assets and recoverability of long-lived assets and the fair values of the long-lived assets. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Furniture, fixtures, building and improvements and hotel properties are stated at cost, except for land, and depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated lives ranging up to 40 years for buildings and improvements, and 3 to 10 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Land is an indefinite-lived asset. The Trust tests its land for impairment annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicates an impairment may have occurred, by comparing its carrying value to its implied fair value. For tax purposes the Trust takes advantage of accelerated depreciation methods (MACRS) for new capital additions and improvements to its Hotels. Management applies guidance ASC 360-10-35, to determine when it is required to test an asset for recoverability of its carrying value and whether, or not, an impairment exists. Under ASC 360-10-35, the Trust is required to test a long-lived asset for impairment when there is an indicator of impairment. Impairment indicators may include, but are not limited to, a drop in the performance of a long-lived asset, a decline in the hospitality industry or a decline in the economy. If an indicator of potential impairment is present, then an assessment is performed of whether the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows over its estimated remaining life. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows over the asset’s estimated remaining life are greater than the asset’s carrying value, no impairment is recognized; however, if the carrying value of the asset exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, then the Trust would recognize an impairment expense to the extent the asset’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, if any. The estimated future cash flows are based upon, among other things, assumptions about expected future operating performance, and may differ from actual cash flows. Long-lived assets evaluated for impairment are analyzed on a property-specific basis independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets. Evaluation of future cash flows is based on historical experience and other factors, including certain economic conditions, and committed future bookings. Management has determined no impairment is required of long-lived assets for the Fiscal Period ended July 31, 2024. CASH The Trust believes it places its cash only with high credit quality financial institutions, although these balances periodically exceed federally insured limits. REVENUE RECOGNITION Hotel and Operations Revenues are primarily derived from the sources below and are recognized as services are rendered and when collectability is reasonably assured. Amounts received in advance of revenue recognition are considered deferred liabilities and are generally not significant. Revenues primarily currently consist of room rentals, food and beverage sales, management and trademark fees and other miscellaneous revenues from our properties. Revenues are recorded when rooms are occupied and when food and beverage sales are delivered. Management and trademark fees include a monthly accounting fee and a percentage of hotel room revenues for managing the daily operations of the Hotels. Each room night consumed by a guest with a cancelable reservation represents a contract whereby the Trust has a performance obligation to provide the room night at an agreed upon price. For cancellable reservations, the Trust recognizes revenue as each performance obligation (i.e., each room night) is met. Such contract is renewed if the guest continues their stay. For room nights consumed by a guest with a non-cancellable reservation, the entire reservation period represents the contract term whereby the Trust has a performance obligation to provide the room night or nights at an agreed upon price. For non-cancellable reservations, the Trust recognizes revenue over the term of the performance period (i.e., the reservation period) as room nights are consumed. For these reservations, the room rate is typically fixed over the reservation period. The Trust uses an output method based on performance completed to date (i.e., room nights consumed) to determine the amount of revenue it recognizes on a daily basis if the length of a non-cancellable reservation exceeds one night since consumption of room nights indicates when services are transferred to the guest. In certain instances, variable consideration may exist with respect to the transaction price, such as discounts, coupons and price concessions made upon guest checkout. In evaluating its performance obligation, the Trust bundles the obligation to provide the guest the room itself with other obligations (such as free Wi-Fi, complimentary breakfast, and high speed internet), as the other obligations are not distinct and separable because the guest cannot benefit from the additional amenities without the consumed room night. The Trust’s obligation to provide the additional items or services is not separately identifiable from the fundamental contractual obligation (i.e., providing the room and its contents). The Trust has no performance obligations once a guest’s stay is complete. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS Accounts receivable are derived from guest stays and other reservations at the Hotels. Accounts receivable are carried at original amounts billed less an estimate made for doubtful accounts based on a review of outstanding amounts on a quarterly basis. Management generally records an allowance for doubtful accounts for 50% of balances over 90 days due and 100% of balances over 120 days due. Accounts receivable are written off when collection efforts have been exhausted and they are deemed uncollectible. Recoveries, if any, of receivables previously written off are recorded when received. The Trust does not charge interest on accounts receivable balances and these receivables are unsecured. There is $8,000 in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the six months ended July 31, 2024 and the Fiscal Year ended January 31, 2024. LEASE ACCOUNTING The Trust determines, at the inception of a contract, if the arrangement is a lease and whether it meets the classification criteria for a finance or operating lease. Right of Use (ROU), assets represent the Trust’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Trust’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of fixed lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets also include any advance lease payments and exclude lease incentives. As most of the Trust’s operating leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Trust uses its incremental borrowing rate based on information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Finance lease agreements generally include an interest rate that is used to determine the present value of future lease payments. Operating fixed lease expense and finance lease depreciation expense are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term (see Note 14). TRUSTEE STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION The Trust has an employee equity incentive plan, which is described more fully in Note 15 - “Share-Based Payments.” The three independent members of the Board of Trustees each earn 6,000 IHT fully paid restricted Shares per year. All shares vest over one year from date of grant. The Trust has paid the annual fees due to its Trustees by issuing Shares of Beneficial Interest out of its authorized but unissued Shares. Upon issuance, the Trust recognizes the shares as outstanding. The Trust recognizes expense related to the issuance based on the fair value of the shares upon the date of the restricted share grant and amortizes the expense equally over the period during which the shares vest to the Trustees. From time to time, the Trustees and key employees receive one-time fully paid restricted share grants, as well. TREASURY STOCK Treasury stock is carried at cost, including any brokerage commissions paid to repurchase the shares. Any shares issued from treasury stock are removed at cost, with the difference between cost and fair value at the time of issuance recorded against Shares of Beneficial Interest. NET INCOME PER SHARE Basic and diluted net income per Share of Beneficial Interest is computed based on the weighted-average number of Shares of Beneficial Interest and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period. Dilutive securities are limited to the Class A and Class B units of the Partnership, which are convertible into 3,185,793 Shares of the Beneficial Interest, as discussed in Note 1. For the six months ended July 31, 2024 and 2023, there were Class A and Class B Partnership units outstanding, which are convertible into Shares of Beneficial Interest of the Trust. Assuming conversion at the beginning of each period, the aggregate weighted-average of these Shares of Beneficial Interest would have been 3,185,793 in addition to the basic shares outstanding for the years ended July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These Shares of Beneficial Interest issuable upon conversion of the Class A and Class B Partnership units were anti-dilutive during the six months ended July 31, 2024 and 2023 and are excluded in the calculation of diluted earnings per share for those periods. ADVERTISING COSTS Amounts incurred for advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense for operations totaled approximately $180,000 and $165,000 for the six months ended July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK Credit risk is the risk of an unexpected loss if a third party to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Trust to a concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. Management’s assessment of the Trust’s credit risk for cash and cash equivalents is low as cash and cash equivalents are held in financial institutions believed to be credit worthy. The Trust limits its exposure to credit loss by placing its cash with various major financial institutions and invests only in short-term obligations. While the Trust is exposed to credit losses due to the non-performance of its counterparties, the Trust considers the risk of this remote. The Trust estimates its maximum credit risk for accounts receivable at the amount recorded on the balance sheet. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS For disclosure purposes, fair value is determined by using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The fair value framework specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques, which is based on whether the inputs into the valuation technique are observable or unobservable. The fair value hierarchy levels are as follows:
| ● | Level 1 – Valuation techniques in which all significant inputs are unadjusted quoted prices from active markets for assets or liabilities that are identical to the assets or liabilities being measured.
| ● | Level 2 – Valuation techniques in which significant inputs include quoted prices from active markets for assets or liabilities that are similar to the assets or liabilities being measured and / or quoted prices for assets or liabilities that are identical or similar to the assets or liabilities being measured from markets that are not active. Also, model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets are level 2 valuation techniques.
| ● | Level 3 – Valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. Unobservable inputs are valuation technique inputs that reflect a company’s own judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
The Trust has assets that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, including stock and warrants in a 3rd party private company on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. Due to their short maturities, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value. The fair value of mortgage notes payable, notes payable to banks and notes and advances payable to related parties is estimated by using the current rates which would be available for similar loans having the same remaining maturities and are based on level 3 inputs. CONVERTIBLE NOTE RECEIVABLE, COMMON STOCK AND WARRANTS IN UNIGEN POWER, INC. On December 16, 2019, the Trust entered into a Convertible Debenture Purchase Agreement with UniGen Power Inc. (“UniGen”). The Trust purchased secured convertible debentures (“Debentures”) in the aggregate amount of $1,000,000 (the “Loan Amount”) at an annual interest rate of 6% (approximately $15,000 per quarter). The Debentures are convertible into 1,000,000 Class A shares of UniGen Common Stock at an initial conversion rate of $1.00 per share. UniGen issued the Trust common stock purchase warrants (the “Debenture Warrants”) to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock. The Debenture Warrants are exercisable at an exercise price of $1.00 per share of Class A Common Stock. UniGen also issued the Trust additional common stock purchase warrants (“Additional Warrants”) to purchase up to 500,000 shares of UniGen Class A Common Stock. The Additional Warrants are exercisable at an exercise price of $2.25 per share of Class A Common Stock. IHT may fund at IHT’s sole discretion a $500,000 line of credit at the option of IHT convertible into 500,000 shares of UniGen stock at $1 per share. The total of all stock ownership upon conversion of the note receivable is 1 million shares and if all stock warrants available are exercised, shares from conversion of the note receivable and shares from the exercise of warrants could total approximately 2 million UniGen shares, which amounts up to approximately 20% of fully diluted UniGen equity. On the Trust’s balance sheet, the investment of the $1,000,000 consists of approximately $700,000 in note receivables and approximately $300,000 as the fair value of the warrant issued with the Trust’s investment in UniGen. The value of the premium related to the fair value of the warrants will accrete over the life of the debentures. The value of the warrants issued with the note receivable was based on Black-Scholes pricing model based on the following inputs: Debenture Warrants SCHEDULE OF WARRANTS VALUATION ASSUMPTIONS
Type of option |  | Call option |
Stock price |  | $ | 2.25 |
Exercise (Strike) price |  | $ | 1.00 |
Time to maturity (years) |  |  | 2.0 |
Annualized risk-free rate |  |  | 1.630 | %
Annualized volatility |  |  | 27.43 | %
Additional Warrants
Type of option |  | Call option |
Stock price |  | $ | 2.25 |
Exercise (Strike) price |  | $ | 2.25 |
Time to maturity (years) |  |  | 3.0 |
Annualized risk-free rate |  |  | 1.630 | %
Annualized volatility |  |  | 27.43 | %
If all notes are converted and all available but not outstanding warrants exercised, IHT could hold up to approximately 20% of UniGen fully diluted equity ownership. During the Fiscal year ended January 31, 2024, the Trust reinvested $45,000 of interest income to exercise 45,000 warrants for 45,000 shares of common stock in UniGen. During the First Fiscal Quarter (February 1, 2024 to April 30, 2024), three months ended April 30, 2024, the Trust reinvested $35,000 of interest income to exercise 35,000 warrants for 35,000 shares of common stock in UniGen. During the Second Fiscal Quarter (May 1, 2024 to July 31, 2024), three months ended July 31, 2024, the Trust did not receive any interest income from UniGen, and thus did not exercise any warrants for additional shares of common stock in UniGen. As of July 31, 2024, IHT held 575,000 common shares of UniGen, purchased at a cost of $668,750. Management believes recording the investment at cost approximates fair value since there have been no significant changes in the operations of UniGen and UniGen’s projects are still in the developmental R&D phase. UniGen Power Inc. (UPI), management progress of the UPI efficient clean energy innovation: 1. UniGen largely completed engineering, and is now focused on raising additional capital, which is an ongoing process. IHT may/may not participate. 2. Due to global travel and economic events, an increasingly unreliable American power grid, increasing demand for electric vehicles, increasing demand for data center power, Artificial Intelligence electricity demand, inflation, and supply chain pressures, the UniGen marketing team estimates product’s market has grown, and is projected to double over the next five years. Accordingly, UniGen previosuly increased the MSP planned power plant price. The initial order for thirty units has been reaffirmed. James Wirth (President) and Marc Berg (Executive Vice President) both lack significant control. They have two of the seven Board of Directors seats or 28% and were elected in December 2019 to serve on the board of UniGen to monitor the success of this potentially power industry disruptive relatively clean energy generation innovation. The Trust has valued UniGen investment as a level 3 fair value measurement, for the following reasons: The investment does not qualify for level 1 since there are no identical actively traded instruments or level 2 identical or similar unobservable markets. OTHER RECENT PRONOUNCEMENTS Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force) and the SEC did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future consolidated financial statements.

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