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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies Policies  
Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of TOMI, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, TOMI Environmental Solutions, Inc., a Nevada Corporation. The Company’s 55% owned subsidiary, TOMI Environmental-China, has been dormant since its formation in April 2011. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 
Reclassification of Accounts

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior-year comparative financial statements to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported results of operations or financial position.
Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to accounts receivable, inventory, fair values of financial instruments, intangible assets, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, fair values of stock-based awards, income taxes, and contingent liabilities, among others. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of our assets and liabilities.
Fair Value Measurements

The authoritative guidance for fair value measurements defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or the most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact, and (iv) willing to transact. The guidance describes a fair value hierarchy based on the levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value, which are the following:

 

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

Level 2:  Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or corroborated by observable market data or substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

 

Level 3:  Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the value of the assets or liabilities.

 

Our financial instruments include cash and equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses. All these items were determined to be Level 1 fair value measurements.

 

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximated fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.

 
Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand held at financial institutions and other liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

 
Accounts Receivable

Our accounts receivable are typically from credit worthy customers or, for certain international customers, are supported by pre-payments. For those customers to whom we extend credit, we perform periodic evaluations of them and maintain allowances for potential credit losses as deemed necessary. We have a policy of reserving for doubtful accounts based on our best estimate of the amount of potential credit losses in existing accounts receivable. We periodically review our accounts receivable to determine whether an allowance is necessary based on an analysis of past due accounts and other factors that may indicate that the realization of an account may be in doubt. Account balances deemed to be uncollectible are charged to the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Bad debt expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $285,030 and $39,081, respectively.

 

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $300,000 and $45,000, respectively.

 

As of December 31, 2016, one customer accounted for 10% of net accounts receivable. One customer accounted for 10% of net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016. 

 

As of December 31, 2015, three customers accounted for 42% of net accounts receivable. Two customers accounted for 26% of net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015. 
Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Inventories consist primarily of finished goods and raw materials. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, we did not have a reserve for slow-moving or obsolete inventory.
Deposits on Merchandise

Deposits on merchandise primarily consist of amounts paid in advance of the receipt of inventory. (See note 11)
Property and Equipment

We account for property and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation. We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally three to five years. Depreciation for equipment, furniture and fixtures and vehicles commences once placed in service for its intended use. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the lives of the respective leases or service lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter.
Deferred Financing Costs

We follow authoritative guidance for accounting for financing costs as it relates to convertible debt issuance cost. These costs are deferred and amortized over the term of the debt period or until redemption of the convertible debentures. Amortization of deferred financing costs amounted to approximately $0 and $200,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Accounts Payable

As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, two vendors accounted for approximately 49% and 75% of total accounts payable, respectively.  One vendor accounted for 78% and 84% of cost of goods sold for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Accrued Warranties

Accrued warranties represent the estimated costs, if any, that will be incurred during the warranty period of our products. We make an estimate of expected costs that will be incurred by us during the warranty period and charge that expense to the consolidated statement of operations at the date of sale. Our manufacturer assumes warranty against product defects for one year which we extend to our customers. We assume responsibility for product reliability and results. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not establish a warranty reserve.
Income taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The measurement of deferred income tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance for any tax benefits, which are, on a more likely than not basis, not expected to be realized in accordance with ASC guidance for income taxes. Net deferred tax benefits have been fully reserved at December 31, 2016 and 2015. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that such tax rate changes are enacted.
Loss Per Share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the Company’s net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period presented. Diluted loss per share is based on the treasury stock method and includes the effect from potential issuance of common stock such as shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of warrants and conversions of debentures.

 

Potentially dilutive securities as of December 31, 2016, consisted of 36,701,413 shares of common stock from outstanding warrants, 200,000 shares of common stock from options and 510,000 shares of common stock from convertible Series A preferred stock. Diluted and basic weighted average shares are the same, as potentially dilutive shares are anti-dilutive.

 

Potentially dilutive securities as of December 31, 2015, consisted of 35,676,413 common shares from outstanding warrants, 100,000 common shares from options and 510,000 common shares from convertible Series A preferred stock.  Diluted and basic weighted average shares are the same, as potentially dilutive shares are anti-dilutive.
Revenue Recognition

For revenue from services and product sales, we recognize revenue in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition” (SAB No. 104), which superseded Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements” (SAB No. 101). SAB No. 104 requires that four basic criteria must be met before revenue can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) service has been rendered or delivery has occurred; (3) the selling price is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Determination of criteria (3) and (4) are based on management’s judgment regarding the fixed nature of the selling prices of the services rendered or products delivered and the collectability of those amounts. Provisions for discounts to customers, and allowance, and other adjustments will be provided for in the same period the related sales are recorded.
Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation.” Under the provisions of FASB ASC 718, stock-based compensation cost is estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we had one active stock-based compensation plan, the TOMI Environmental Solutions, Inc. Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2008 Plan”). The 2008 Plan calls for the Company, through a committee of our board of directors, to issue up to 2,500,000 shares of restricted common stock or stock options. We generally issue grants to our employees, consultants, and board members. Stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to the closing price of our common stock on the date of the grant with a term no greater than 10 years. Generally, stock options vest over two to four years. Incentive stock options granted to shareholders who own 10% or more of our outstanding equity securities are granted at an exercise price that may not be less than 110% of the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant and have a term no greater than five years. On the date of a grant, we determine the fair value of the stock option award and recognize compensation expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. The fair value of the stock option award is calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. On August 25, 2015, the 2008 Plan was terminated.

 

On January 29, 2016, the board of directors adopted the 2016 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2016 Plan”) subject to its approval by shareholders. The 2016 Plan authorizes the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance units / shares. Up to 5,000,000 shares of common stock are authorized for issuance under the 2016 Plan. Shares issued under the 2016 Plan may be either authorized but unissued shares, treasury shares, or any combination thereof. Provisions in the 2016 Plan permit the reuse or reissuance by the 2016 Plan of shares of common stock for numerous reasons, including, but not limited to, shares of common stock underlying canceled, expired, or forfeited awards of stock-based compensation and stock appreciation rights paid out in the form of cash. Stock-based compensation will typically be awarded in consideration for the future performance of services to the Company. All recipients of awards under the 2016 Plan are required to enter into award agreements with the Company at the time of the award; awards under the 2016 Plan are expressly conditioned upon such agreements. For the year ended December 31, 2016, there were 100,000 stock options issued out of the Plan. As of December 31, 2016, the 2016 plan had not been approved by our shareholders.
Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. We maintain cash balances at financial institutions which exceed the current Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) limit of $250,000 at times during the year.

 
Long-Lived Assets Including Acquired Intangible Assets

We assess long-lived assets for potential impairments at the end of each year, or during the year if an event or other circumstance indicates that we may not be able to recover the carrying amount of the asset. In evaluating long-lived assets for impairment, we measure recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If our long-lived assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair market value. We base the calculations of the estimated fair value of our long-lived assets on the income approach. For the income approach, we use an internally developed discounted cash flow model that includes, among others, the following assumptions: projections of revenues and expenses and related cash flows based on assumed long-term growth rates and demand trends; expected future investments to grow new units; and estimated discount rates. We base these assumptions on our historical data and experience, industry projections, micro and macro general economic condition projections, and our expectations. We have had no long-lived asset impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.
Advertising and Promotional Expenses

We expense advertising costs in the period in which they are incurred. Advertising and promotional expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, were approximately $130,000 and 52,000, respectively.
Research and Development Expenses

We expense research and development expenses in the period in which they are incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, research and development expenses were approximately $184,000 and $100,000, respectively.
Shipping and Handling Costs

We include shipping and handling costs relating to the delivery of products directly from vendors to the Company in cost of sales. Shipping and handling costs, which include third-party delivery costs relating to the delivery of products to customers, are classified as a general and administrative expense. Shipping and handling costs included in general and administrative expense were $143,000 and $61,000 for the years ended December, 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

 
Business Segments

We currently have one reportable business segment due to the fact that we derive our revenue primarily from one product. A breakdown of revenue is shown below:

 

Net Revenue

 

Product and Service Revenue

 

   Year Ended December 31,
   2016  2015
SteraMist Product  $5,727,000   $4,056,000 
Service & Training   616,000    136,000 
 Total  $6,343,000   $4,192,000 

 

Revenue by Geographic Region

 

   Year Ended December 31,
   2016  2015
United States  $4,012,000   $2,078,000 
International   2,331,000    2,114,000 
 Total  $6,343,000   $4,192,000 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 (ASU 2014-09) “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605)”, and requires entities to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflect the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is not permitted. We are currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 on our consolidated financial statements.

 

In November 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (ASU 2015-17), which simplifies the presentation of deferred taxes by requiring that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as non-current. We retrospectively adopted this standard as of December 31, 2015. As a result, there was no impact to the Company’s results of operations.

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 (ASU 2016-02) “Leases.”  ASU 2016-02 provides new lease accounting guidance.  ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period.  Early adoption is permitted.  We are currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements.

 

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09 (ASU 2016-09) “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718).”  ASU 2016-09 provides improvements to employee share-based payment accounting.  ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. We are currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-09 on our consolidated financial statements.