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10. INCOME TAXES | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements |
Note 10. INCOME TAXES | The Company’s income tax expense consisted of:
|  | For the Year Ended |
|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Foreign |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
|  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Foreign |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
|  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
The Company’s net income (loss) before income tax consisted of:
|  |  |  | For the Year Ended |
|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |  |  |  |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | (3,230,462 | ) |  | $ | (3,639,814 | ) |  |  |
Foreign |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | (3,230,462 | ) |  | $ | (3,639,814 | ) |  |  |
Our income tax expense differed from the amounts computed by applying the United States statutory corporate income tax rate for the following reasons: On December 22, 2017, the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) was enacted into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a federal corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. We are required to recognize the effect of the tax law changes in the period of enactment, such as re-measuring our U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities as well as reassessing the net realizability of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Tax Act did not give rise to any material impact on the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of operations due to our historical worldwide loss position and the full valuation allowance on our net U.S. deferred tax assets. In December 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“SAB 118”), which allows us to record provisional amounts during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year from the enactment date. As such, in accordance with SAB 118, we completed our analysis during the fourth quarter of 2018 considering current legislation and guidance resulting in no material adjustments from the provisional amounts recorded during the prior year. The reconciliation of taxes at the federal and state statutory rate to our provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:
|  | For the Year Ended |
|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Loss before income tax |  | $ | (3,230,462 | ) |  | $ | (3,639,814 | )
US statutory corporate income tax rate (federal and state) |  |  | 28.00 | % |  |  | 39.45 | %
Income tax expense computed at US statutory corporate income tax rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense computed at US statutory corporate income tax rate |  |  | (904,529 | ) |  |  | (1,435,907 | )
Reconciling items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Effect of U.S. tax law change (1) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,793,212 |
Change in valuation allowance on deferred tax assets |  |  | 741,982 |  |  |  | (675,889 | )
Provision to prior year tax return |  |  | 113,068 |  |  |  | 69,767 |
Incentive stock options and warrants |  |  | 21,628 |  |  |  | 256,168 |
Amortized debt discount |  |  | 1,758 |  |  |  | 2,477 |
Meals and Entertainment |  |  | 4,134 |  |  |  | 5,825 |
Induced Conversion Costs |  |  | 16,016 |  |  |  | - |
Other |  |  | 5,943 |  |  |  | (15,653 | )
Income tax expense |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
(1) | Due to the Tax Act, our U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017 were re-measured from 39.45% to 28%. The change in tax rate resulted in a decrease to our gross U.S. deferred tax assets which is offset by a corresponding decrease to our valuation allowance.
Components of our deferred income tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:
|  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Reserve for Bad Debt |  | $ | 84,000 |  |  | $ | 140,000 |
Inventory Reserve |  |  | 28,000 |  |  |  | - |
Inventory Capitalization |  |  | - |  |  |  | 94,000 |
Accrued Expenses |  |  | 52,000 |  |  |  | 31,000 |
Deferred Rent |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | - |
Warranty Reserve |  |  | 8,000 |  |  |  | - |
Property and Equipment |  |  | - |  |  |  | 21,000 |
Intangible Assets |  |  | 362,000 |  |  |  | 208,000 |
Net operating losses |  |  | 4,718,000 |  |  |  | 3,724,000 |
Valuation Allowance |  |  | (4,959,000 | ) |  |  | (4,218,000 | )
Deferred Tax Assets |  | $ | 297,000 |  |  | $ | - |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property Plant and Equipment |  | $ | (297,000 | ) |  | $ | - |
|  | $ | (297,000 | ) |  |  | - |
Net Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The measurement of deferred income tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance for any tax benefits, which are, on a more likely than not basis, not expected to be realized; in accordance with ASC guidance for income taxes. As of December 31, 2018, we recorded a valuation allowance of $4,959,000 for the portion of the deferred tax assets that we do not expect to be realized. The valuation allowance on our net deferred taxes increased by $741,000 during the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to U.S. deferred tax assets incurred in the current year that cannot be realized. The 2017 additional U.S. deferred tax assets are net of re-measurement from 35% to 21% as a result of the Tax act. Management believes that based on the available information, it is more likely than not that the U.S. deferred tax assets will not be realized, such that a valuation allowance is required against U.S. deferred tax assets. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that such tax rate changes are enacted. For income tax purposes in the United States, we had available federal net operating loss carryforwards ("NOL") as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 of approximately $17,544,000 and $13,898,000 respectively to reduce future federal taxable income. For income tax purposes in the United States, we had available state NOL carryforwards as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 of approximately $14,773,000 and $11,506,000 respectively to reduce future state taxable income. If any of the NOL's are not utilized, they will expire at various dates through 2038. There may be certain limitations as to the future annual use of the NOLs due to certain changes in our ownership. We record uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process whereby (1) we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. As of December 31, 2018, and 2017, the management of the Company determined there were no reportable uncertain tax positions.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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