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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of TOMI and its wholly owned subsidiary, TOMI Environmental Solutions, Inc., a Nevada corporation. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Reclassification of Accounts Certain reclassifications have been made to prior-year comparative financial statements to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported results of operations or financial position. Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to accounts receivable, inventory, fair values of financial instruments, intangible assets, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, fair values of stock-based awards, income taxes, and contingent liabilities, among others. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of our assets and liabilities. Fair Value Measurements The authoritative guidance for fair value measurements defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or the most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact, and (iv) willing to transact. The guidance describes a fair value hierarchy based on the levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value, which are the following:
Level 1: | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: | Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3: | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the value of the assets or liabilities.
Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses. All these items were determined to be Level 1 fair value measurements. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximated fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. Cash and Cash Equivalents For purposes of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, held at financial institutions and other liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. At times, these deposits may be in excess of insured limits. Accounts Receivable Our accounts receivable are typically from credit worthy customers or, for certain international customers, are supported by pre-payments. For those customers to whom we extend credit, we perform periodic evaluations of their status and maintain allowances for potential credit losses as deemed necessary. We have a policy of reserving for doubtful accounts based on our best estimate of the amount of potential credit losses in existing accounts receivable. We periodically review our accounts receivable to determine whether an allowance is necessary based on an analysis of past due accounts and other factors that may indicate that the realization of an account may be in doubt. Account balances deemed to be uncollectible are charged to the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Bad debt expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $332,027 and $32,721, respectively. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $390,000 and $110,000, respectively. Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Inventories consist primarily of finished goods. We expense costs to maintain certification to cost of goods sold as incurred. We review inventory on an ongoing basis, considering factors such as deterioration and obsolescence. We record an allowance for estimated losses when the facts and circumstances indicate that particular inventories may not be usable. Our reserve for obsolete inventory was $0 and $100,000 as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Property and Equipment We account for property and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation. We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally three to five years. Depreciation for equipment, furniture and fixtures and vehicles commences once placed in service for its intended use. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the lives of the respective leases or service lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. Leases In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 (ASC 842), Leases, to require lessees to recognize all leases, with certain exceptions, on the balance sheet, while recognition on the statement of operations will remain similar to current lease accounting. Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, ASU No. 2018-11, Targeted Improvements, ASU No. 2018-20, Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors, and ASU 2019-01, Codification Improvements, to clarify and amend the guidance in ASU No. 2016-02. ASC 842 eliminates real estate-specific provisions and modifies certain aspects of lessor accounting. This standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We adopted ASC 842 as of January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective basis with a cumulative effect adjustment as of that date. In addition, we elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the standard, which allowed us to carry forward the historical determination of contracts as leases, lease classification and not reassess initial direct costs for historical lease arrangements. Accordingly, previously reported financial statements, including footnote disclosures, have not been recast to reflect the application of the standard to all comparative periods presented. Operating lease assets are included within operating lease right-of-use assets, and the corresponding operating lease liabilities are recorded as current portion of long-term operating lease, and within long-term liabilities as long-term operating lease, net of current portion on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. We have elected not to present short-term leases on the consolidated balance sheet as these leases have a lease term of 12 months or less at lease inception and do not contain purchase options or renewal terms that we are reasonably certain to exercise. All other lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. Because most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate of return, we used our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at adoption date in determining the present value of lease payments. Capitalized Software Development Costs In accordance with ASC 985-20 regarding the development of software to be sold, leased, or marketed, we expense such costs as they are incurred until technological feasibility has been established, at and after which time those costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers. The periodic expense for the amortization of capitalized software development costs will be included in cost of sales. The periodic expense for the amortization of capitalized software development costs will be included in cost of sales. Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, was $41,900 was $31,426, respectively. Accounts Payable As of December 31, 2020, two vendors accounted for approximately 32% of accounts payable. As of December 31, 2019, one vendor accounted for approximately 40% of accounts payable. For the year ended December 31, 2020, two vendors accounted for 76% of cost of sales. For the year ended December 31, 2019, one vendor accounted for 72% of cost of sales. Accrued Warranties Accrued warranties represent the estimated costs, if any, that will be incurred during the warranty period of our products. We estimate the expected costs to be incurred during the warranty period and record the expense to the consolidated statement of operations at the date of sale. Our manufacturers assume the warranty against product defects from date of sale, which we extend to our customers upon sale of the product. We assume responsibility for product reliability and results. As of December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, our warranty reserve was $68,000 and $30,000, respectively (See Note 15). Income Taxes Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The measurement of deferred income tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance for any tax benefits that are, on a more likely than not basis, not expected to be realized in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) guidance for income taxes. Net deferred tax benefits have been fully reserved at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that such tax rate changes are enacted. Net Income (Loss) Per Share Basic net income or (loss) per share is computed by dividing our net income or (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period presented. Diluted income or (loss) per share is based on the treasury stock method and includes the effect from potential issuance of shares of common stock, such as shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of options and warrants and conversions of preferred stock or debentures. Potentially dilutive securities as of December 31, 2020 consisted of 2,049,133 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants, 132,500 shares of common stock issuable upon outstanding options and 63,750 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of outstanding shares of Preferred A stock (“Convertible Series A Preferred Stock”). Potentially dilutive securities as of December 31, 2019 consisted of 1,157,406 shares of common stock from convertible debentures, 2,155,065 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants, 77,500 shares of common stock issuable upon outstanding options and 63,750 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of outstanding shares of Preferred A stock (“Convertible Series A Preferred Stock”). Diluted and basic weighted average shares are the same, as potentially dilutive shares are anti-dilutive. Diluted net income or (loss) per share is computed similarly to basic net income or (loss) per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the potential shares of common stock had been issued and if such additional shares were dilutive. Options, warrants, preferred stock and shares associated with the conversion of debt to purchase approximately 2.2 million and 3.5 million shares of common stock were outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, but were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share at December 31, 2019 due to the anti-dilutive effect on net loss per share.
|  | For the Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net Income (Loss) |  | $ | 4,391,166 |  |  | $ | (2,297,733 | )
Adjustments for convertible debt - as converted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on convertible debt |  |  | 40,689 |  |  |  | 200,000 |
Amortization of debt discount on convertible debt |  |  | - |  |  |  | 17,534 |
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |  | $ | 4,431,855 |  |  | $ | (2,080,199 | )
Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 16,512,126 |  |  |  | 15,586,258 |
Diluted |  |  | 18,757,509 |  |  |  | 15,586,258 |
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | (0.13 | )
Diluted |  | $ | 0.24 |  |  | $ | (0.13 | )
The following provides a reconciliation of the shares used in calculating the per share amounts for the periods presented:
|  | For the Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income (Loss) |  | $ | 4,391,166 |  |  | $ | (2,297,733 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted-average shares |  |  | 16,512,126 |  |  |  | 15, 586,258 |
Effect of dilutive securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrants |  |  | 2,049,133 |  |  |  | - |
Convertible Debt |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Options |  |  | 132,500 |  |  |  | - |
Preferred Stock |  |  | 63,750 |  |  |  | - |
Diluted Weighted Average Shares |  |  | 18,757,509 |  |  |  | 15, 586,258 |
Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | (0.15 | )
Diluted |  | $ | 0.23 |  |  | $ | (0.15 | )
Note: Warrants, options and preferred stock for the years ended December 31, 2019 are not included in the computation of diluted weighted average shares as such inclusion would be anti-dilutive.
Income (loss) from Operations Data: |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (Loss) from Operations |  | $ | 4,508,789 |  |  | $ | (2,083,244 | )
Basic and Diluted Weighted Average Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 16,512,126 |  |  |  | 15, 586,258 |
Diluted |  |  | 18,757,509 |  |  |  | 15, 586,258 |
Basic and Diluted Income (loss) Per Common Share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | (0.13 | )
Diluted |  | $ | 0.24 |  |  | $ | (0.13 | )
Revenue Recognition We recognize revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). We recognize revenue when we transfer promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for contracts with customers we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligation(s) in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation(s) in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligation(s). At contract inception, we assess the goods or services promised within each contract, assess whether each promised good or service is distinct and identify those that are performance obligations. We must use judgment to determine: a) the number of performance obligations based on the determination under step (ii) above and whether those performance obligations are distinct from other performance obligations in the contract; b) the transaction price under step (iii) above; and c) the stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation identified in the contract for the allocation of transaction price in step (iv) above. Title and risk of loss generally pass to our customers upon shipment. Our Customers include end users as well as dealers and distributors who market and sell our products. Our revenue is not contingent upon resale by the dealer or distributor, and we have no further obligations related to bringing about resale. Shipping and handling costs charged to customers are included in Product Revenues. The associated expenses are treated as fulfillment costs and are included in Cost of Revenues. Revenues are reported net of sales taxes collected from Customers. Disaggregation of Revenue The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by revenue source. Product and Service Revenue
|  | For the Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
SteraMist Product |  | $ | 22,971,000 |  |  | $ | 4,999,000 |
Service and Training |  |  | 2,057,000 |  |  |  | 1,348,000 |
Total |  | $ | 25,028,000 |  |  | $ | 6,347,000 |
Revenue by Geographic Region
|  | For the Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
United States |  | $ | 18,367,000 |  |  | $ | 5,002,000 |
International |  |  | 6,661,000 |  |  |  | 1,345,000 |
Total |  | $ | 25,028,000 |  |  | $ | 6,347,000 |
Product revenue includes sales from our standard and customized equipment, solution and accessories sold with our equipment. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products. Service and training revenue include sales from our high-level decontamination and service engagements, validation of our equipment and technology and customer training. Service revenue is recognized as the agreed upon services are rendered to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those services. Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer We apply a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less. We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling expenses. Contract Balances As of December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019 we did not have any unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed. Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are primarily distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Significant Judgments Our contracts with customers for products and services often dictate the terms and conditions of when the control of the promised products or services is transferred to the customer and the amount of consideration to be received in exchange for the products and services. Equity Compensation Expense We account for equity compensation expense in accordance with FASB ASC 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation.” Under the provisions of FASB ASC 718, equity compensation expense is estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value. On July 7, 2017, our shareholders approved the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2016 Plan. The 2016 Plan authorizes the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance units/shares. Up to 2,000,000 shares of common stock are authorized for issuance under the 2016 Plan. Shares issued under the 2016 Plan may be either authorized but unissued shares, treasury shares, or any combination thereof. Provisions in the 2016 Plan permit the reuse or reissuance by the 2016 Plan of shares of common stock for numerous reasons, including, but not limited to, shares of common stock underlying canceled, expired, or forfeited awards of stock-based compensation and stock appreciation rights paid out in the form of cash. Equity compensation expense will typically be awarded in consideration for the future performance of services to us. All recipients of awards under the 2016 Plan are required to enter into award agreements with us at the time of the award; awards under the 2016 Plan are expressly conditioned upon such agreements. For the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we issued 50,000 and 50,000 shares of common stock, respectively, out of the 2016 Plan. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. We maintain cash balances at financial institutions which exceed the current Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit of $250,000 at times during the year. Long-Lived Assets Including Acquired Intangible Assets We assess long-lived assets for potential impairments at the end of each year, or during the year if an event or other circumstance indicates that we may not be able to recover the carrying amount of the asset. In evaluating long-lived assets for impairment, we measure recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If our long-lived assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair market value. We base the calculations of the estimated fair value of our long-lived assets on the income approach. For the income approach, we use an internally developed discounted cash flow model that includes, among others, the following assumptions: projections of revenues and expenses and related cash flows based on assumed long-term growth rates and demand trends; expected future investments to grow new units; and estimated discount rates. We base these assumptions on our historical data and experience, industry projections, micro and macro general economic condition projections, and our expectations. We had no long-lived asset impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Advertising and Promotional Expenses We expense advertising costs in the period in which they are incurred. Advertising and promotional expenses included in selling expenses for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were approximately $276,000 and $144,000, respectively. Research and Development Expenses We expense research and development expenses in the period in which they are incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, research and development expenses were approximately $455,000 and $341,000, respectively. Business Segments We currently have one reportable business segment due to the fact that we derive our revenue primarily from one product. A breakdown of revenue is presented in “Revenue Recognition” in Note 2 above. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Topic 350): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract.” This new guidance aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. This new guidance is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis beginning on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We elected to adopt this guidance early, in 2020 on a prospective basis. The new guidance did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

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