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Stockholders' Equity | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
Stockholders’ Equity [Abstract] |
Stockholders' Equity | 7. Stockholders’ Equity Class A and Class B Common Stock Holders of Class A common stock generally have rights identical to holders of Class B common stock, except that holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one (1) vote per share and holders of Class B common stock are entitled to five (5) votes per share. The holders of Class B common stock may convert each share of Class B common stock into one share of Class A common stock at any time at the holder’s option. Class B common stock is not publicly tradable. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, stockholders converted no shares of Class B common stock into shares of Class A common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2024, stockholders converted 1,555 shares of Class B common stock into 1,555 shares of Class A common stock. Warrants Summary of Warrant Issuances As part of the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”), the underwriter received warrants to purchase up to 10,640 shares of Class A common stock. The warrants are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, during the four and a half-year period commencing August 12, 2021, at a price of $120.00 per share and the fair value of warrants was approximately $0.5 million. During 2021, the underwriters assigned 9,576 of the warrants to its employees. As part of the Company's 2021 private placement offering of 116,935 shares of Class A common stock, the Company issued warrants to investors to purchase up to an aggregate of 116,935 shares of Class A common stock, equal to the number of shares of Class A common stock purchased by such investor in the offering, at an exercise price of $175.00 per share, which were immediately exercisable, were set to expire five years from the date of issuance, and had certain downward pricing adjustment mechanisms, subject to a floor, as set forth in greater detail therein (the "Purchaser Warrants"). In addition, the Company granted the underwriters warrants, under similar terms, to purchase 4,679 shares of Class A common stock, at an exercise price of $175.00 per share. On December 15, 2021, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC on Form S-1 (File No. 333-261667) registering the resale of an aggregate of 238,549 shares of Class A common stock, including (i) 116,935 shares issued to purchasers in the Company’s 2021 private placement offering; (ii) up to 116,935 shares issuable upon exercise of the Purchaser Warrants; and (iii) 4,679 shares issuable upon exercise of the underwriters warrants issued as part of the 2021 private placement offering. The Form S-1 was declared effective by the SEC on December 22, 2021. On August 16, 2023, the Company announced its Stock Rights Offering, which triggered the downward pricing mechanism on the Purchaser Warrants, at which time these warrants were adjusted downward to an exercise price of $52.50 for the period remaining through expiration. This resulted in a deemed dividend to common stockholders of approximately $0.8 million for the change in the fair value of the warrants using a Black-Scholes pricing model. As part of an October 2023 registered direct offering of 236,500 shares of Class A common stock at a purchase price of $16.50 per share of common stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 5,925 shares of Class A common stock at a purchase price of $16.49 per pre-funded warrant at a nominal exercise price of $0.01 per share, the Company issued Series A warrants and Series B warrants to purchase up to 242,425 and 242,425, respectively, shares of Class A common stock. Each series of warrants had an exercise price of $16.50 per share, with the Series A warrants having a term of five and one-half (5.5) years from the date of issuance, and the Series B warrants having a term of eighteen (18) months from the date of issuance. Both the Series A and Series B warrants became exercisable as of December 26, 2023, following stockholder approval. In addition, the Company granted the placement agent warrants, under similar terms, to purchase 16,971 shares of Class A common stock, at an exercise price of $20.625 per share. On November 15, 2023, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC on Form S-1 (File No. 333-275578) registering the resale of an aggregate of 501,821 shares of Class A common stock, including (i) up to 242,425 shares of issuable upon exercise of the Series A Warrants; (ii) up to 242,425 shares issuable upon exercise of the Series B Warrants; and (iii) 16,971 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants granted to the placement agent as part of the October 2023 registered direct offering. The Form S-1 was declared effective by the SEC on November 21, 2023. In April 2024, the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants were amended to reduce the exercise price to $2.35 per share. The Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants were subsequently exercised in full in April 2024. As part of a December 2023 registered direct offering of an aggregate of 135,531 shares of Class A common stock, the Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 135,531 shares of Class A common stock. These warrants have an exercise price of $16.20 per share, became immediately issuable upon issuance, and expire on June 22, 2029. In addition, the Company granted the placement agent warrants, under similar terms, to purchase 9,489 shares of Class A common stock, at an exercise price of $21.813 per share. On January 29, 2024, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC on Form S-1 (File No. 333-276745) registering the resale of an aggregate of 145,020 shares of Class A common stock, including (i) up to 135,531 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants issued in a concurrent private placement in connection with the December 2023 registered direct offering and (ii) up to 9,489 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants granted to the placement agent in connection with the December 2023 registered direct offering. The Form S-1 was subsequently amended by the Company on April 16, 2024 and declared effective by the SEC on April 17, 2024. On April 8, 2024, the Company commenced a public offering of up to 639,872 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, along with pre-funded warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 1,572,894 shares of Class A common stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”). The shares and Pre-Funded Warrants were sold together with warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,212,766 shares of Common Stock (the “Common Warrants”). The combined public offering price was $2.35 per share and related Common Warrant and $2.349 per Pre-Funded Warrant and related Common Warrant. Subject to certain limitations, the Pre-Funded Warrants were immediately exercisable and could be exercised at a nominal consideration of $0.001 per share of Class A common stock at any time until all the Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised in full. The Common Warrants were immediately exercisable and expire on April 10, 2029. As compensation to the placement agent the Company also issued to designees of the placement agent warrants to purchase up to 154,894 shares of Class A common stock, which had substantially the same terms as the Common Warrants, and with an exercise price of $2.9375 per share and a term of five years from the commencement of sales in the offering. In connection with the offering, the Company also entered into an agreement with a holder of existing warrants to (i) amend the holder’s existing Series A warrants and Series B warrants to reduce the exercise price to $2.35 per share and (ii) amend the expiration date of the Series A Warrants to five and one-half (5.5) years following the closing of the public offering and the Series B warrants to eighteen (18) months following the closing of the public offering, in each case for a payment to the Company of $0.125 per amended warrant. On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into inducement letter agreements with certain holders of its existing Series A warrants and Series B warrants, and Common Warrants issued on April 10, 2024, whereby the holders agreed to exercise the warrants for cash at the exercise price of $2.35 per share in consideration for payment of $0.125 per new warrant and for the Company’s agreement to issue new unregistered Class A common stock warrants to purchase up to 4,799,488 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $2.35 per share, and which were immediately exercisable upon issuance. The warrants to purchase up to 2,399,744 shares of Class A common stock (the “Series C Warrants”) have a term of five (5) years from the issuance date, and the warrants to purchase up to 2,399,744 shares of Class A common stock (the “Series D Warrants”) have a term of twenty-four (24) months from the issuance date, with all of the Series C Warrants and Series D Warrants being immediately exercisable. All Series D Warrants were exercised in June 2024, pursuant to ordinary course exercise as well as a subsequent inducement transaction. Additionally, the Company issued to the placement agent or its designees as compensation, warrants to purchase up to 167,982 shares of Class A common stock, equal to 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock issued upon exercise of the warrants pursuant to the inducement transaction, which had the same terms as the Series C Warrants, except that the placement agent warrants have an exercise price of $3.25 per share. Furthermore, upon exercise, if any, of the Series D Warrants for cash, the Company agreed to issue the placement agent or its designees, within five (5) business days of the Company’s receipt of the exercise price, warrants to purchase the number of shares of Class A common stock equal to 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares underlying such Series D Warrants that have been exercised, with such warrants to be in the same form and terms as the prior placement agent warrants. On April 29, 2024, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC on Form S-1 (File No. 333-278995) registering the resale of an aggregate of 4,967,470 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of certain warrants, including (i) up to 2,399,744 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Series C Warrants issued in the April 2024 warrant inducement transaction; (ii) up to 2,399,744 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Series D Warrants issued in the April 2024 warrant inducement transaction; and (iii) up to 167,982 shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants issued to the placement agent or its designees in the April 2024 warrant inducement transaction. The Form S-1 was subsequently amended by the Company and declared effective by the SEC on May 21, 2024. On June 17, 2024, the Company entered into additional inducement letter agreements with the holders of its existing Series D Warrants to exercise the remaining 1,697,891 shares of Class A common stock underlying Series D Warrants that remained outstanding for cash at the exercise price of $2.35 per share in consideration for the Company’s agreement to issue new unregistered Class A common stock warrants (the “June Inducement Warrants”), for payment of $0.125 per new warrant, to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,395,782 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $2.50 per share and which were immediately exercisable upon issuance and have a term of twenty-four (24) months from the issuance date. The Company also issued to the placement agent or its designees as compensation, (i) warrants to purchase up to 118,852 shares of Class A common stock, equal to 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock issued upon exercise of the warrants pursuant to the June inducement transaction and (ii) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 49,130 shares of Common Stock, equal to 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock issued upon exercise of certain Series D warrants prior to the inducement transaction, which had substantially the same terms as the June Inducement Warrants, except that the warrants exercisable for 118,852 shares had an exercise price of $3.25 per share and the warrants exercisable for 49,130 shares had an exercise price of $2.9375 per share, respectively (collectively, the “June placement agent warrants”). Upon exercise, if any, of the June Inducement Warrants for cash, the Company agreed to issue within five (5) business days to the placement agent or its designees, warrants to purchase the number of shares of Class A common stock equal to 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock underlying such June Inducement Warrants that have been exercised, with such warrants to be in the same form and terms as the June placement agent warrants. The issuance under the inducement offers represented $8.5 million in additional value provided to the investors, which was recorded as a deemed dividend to common stockholders. The June Inducement Warrants expire on June 18, 2026. On June 28, 2024, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC on Form S-1 (File No. 333-280577) registering the resale of an aggregate of 3,563,764 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of certain warrants, including (i) up to 3,395,782 shares issuable upon the exercise of the June Inducement Warrants and (ii) up to 167,982 shares issuable upon the exercise of the June placement agent warrants. The Form S-1 was subsequently declared effective by the SEC on July 9, 2024. On July 10, 2024, a holder exercised Series C warrants for 50,000 shares of Class A common stock for cash (the “July Series C warrant exercise”). On July 10, 2024, certain holders of warrants issued in June of 2024 exercised warrants to purchase an aggregate of 150,000 shares of Class A common stock for cash (the “July 10 warrant exercise”). In addition, on July 17, 2024, the Company issued to the placement agent warrants to purchase up to 10,500 shares of Class A common stock, equal to 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock issued in the July 10 warrant exercise (the “first tranche July ordinary course placement agent warrants”). The first tranche July ordinary course placement agent warrants have substantially the same terms as the June placement agent warrants, except that the first tranche July ordinary course placement agent warrants (i) have an exercise price of $3.125 per share and (ii) expire July 17, 2026. On July 17, 2024, a holder of the June Inducement Warrants exercised the same to purchase 2,319,186 shares of Class A common stock for cash (the “July 17 warrant exercise” and together with the July 10 warrant exercise and the July Series C warrant exercise, collectively, the “July warrant exercises”). Accordingly, on July 24, 2024, the Company issued to the placement agent warrants to purchase up to 162,344 shares of Class A common stock, equal to 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock issued in the July 17 warrant exercise (the “second tranche July ordinary course placement agent warrants”, and together with the first tranche July ordinary course placement agent warrants, the “July ordinary course placement agent warrants”, and collectively with the July offering placement agent warrants, the “July placement agent warrants”). The second tranche July ordinary course placement agent warrants have substantially the same terms as the first tranche July ordinary course placement agent warrants, except that the second tranche July ordinary course placement agent warrants expire July 24, 2026. The gross proceeds to the Company from the July warrant exercises, inclusive of the payment consideration for such Series C warrants and June Inducement Warrants, were approximately $6.3 million, inclusive of the payment consideration for such warrants, before deducting placement agent fees payable by the Company. On July 18, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with institutional and accredited investors relating to the registered direct offering and sale of an aggregate of 2,236,026 shares of our Class A common stock at a purchase price of $4.025 per share of Class A common stock and associated warrant (the “July registered direct offering”). In a concurrent private placement (the “July private placement” and together with the July registered direct offering, the “July offering”), the Company also sold unregistered Class A common stock warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,236,026 shares of our Class A common stock (the “July private placement warrants”). The unregistered July private placement warrants have an exercise price of $3.90 per share, became exercisable on July 19, 2024, and expire on July 20, 2026. In addition, the Company granted the placement agent warrants, under similar terms, to purchase 156,522 shares of Class A common stock, at an exercise price of $5.0313 (the “July offering placement agent warrants”). The gross proceeds to the Company from the July offering were approximately $9.0 million, before deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company. On August 6, 2024, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC on Form S-1 (File No. 333-281299) registering the resale of an aggregate of 2,565,392 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of certain warrants, of which (i) up to 2,236,026 shares are issuable upon the exercise of the July private placement warrants issued to the purchasers upon the closing of the July private placement; (ii) 156,522 shares are issuable upon exercise of the July offering placement agent warrants issued to Wainwright, or its designees, pursuant to the terms of the current engagement Letter with Wainwright; and (iii) 172,844 shares are issuable upon exercise of the July ordinary course placement agent warrants issued to Wainwright, or its designees, pursuant to the terms of a then-applicable engagement letter with Wainwright, in connection with previously exercised June Inducement Warrants. The Form S-1 was declared effective by the SEC on August 12, 2024. In September 2024, the Company entered into additional inducement letter agreements with certain holders of its existing Purchaser Warrants issued as part of the Company’s 2021 private placement offering to amend and reduce the exercise price of the Purchaser Warrants to $1.00 per share in consideration for the holders’ cash exercise of all Purchaser Warrants held by such holder on or before September 27, 2024. In connection with the September 2024 inducement transaction, Purchaser Warrants were exercised for 114,077 shares of Class A common stock, resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $114,077. In October 2024, the Company entered into additional inducement letter agreements with the remaining holders of its existing Purchaser Warrants issued as part of the Company’s 2021 private placement offering to amend and reduce the exercise price of the Purchaser Warrants to $1.00 per share in consideration for the holders’ cash exercise of all Purchaser Warrants held by such holder. In connection with the October 2024 inducement transaction, Purchaser Warrants were exercised for 2,858 shares of Class A common stock, resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $2,858. The Purchaser Warrants have been exercised in full. Summary of Warrants Outstanding As of June 30, 2025, warrants exercisable for an aggregate of up to 6,802,668 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock remain outstanding. This includes: • IPO underwriter warrants exercisable for up to 5,536 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $120.00 per share, which expire February 12, 2026. • Underwriter warrants issued in connection with the 2021 private placement offering exercisable for up to 4,679 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $175.00 per share, which expire December 1, 2026. • Placement agent warrants issued in connection with the October 2023 registered direct offering exercisable for up to 16,971 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $20.625 per share, which expire October 11, 2028. • Investor warrants issued in connection with the December 2023 registered direct offering exercisable for up to 135,531 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $16.20 per share, which expire June 22, 2029. • Placement agent warrants issued in connection with the December 2023 registered direct offering exercisable for up to 9,489 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $21.813 per share, which expire December 20, 2028. • Common Warrants issued in connection with the April 2024 public offering exercisable for up to 297,872 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $2.35 per share, which expire April 10, 2029. • Placement agent warrants issued in connection with the April 2024 public offering exercisable for up to 154,894 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $2.9375 per share, which expire April 8, 2029. • Series C Warrants issued in connection with the April 2024 inducement transaction exercisable for up to 2,349,744 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $2.35 per share, which expire April 18, 2029. • Placement agent warrants issued in connection with the April 2024 inducement transaction exercisable for up to 167,982 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $3.25 per share, which expire April 18, 2029. • June placement agent warrants issued in the ordinary course prior to the June 2024 inducement transaction exercisable for up to 49,130 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $2.9375 per share, which expire June 18, 2026. • June Inducement Warrants exercisable for up to 926,596 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $2.50 per share, which expire June 18, 2026. • Placement agent warrants issued in connection with the June 2024 inducement transaction exercisable for up to 118,852 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $3.25 per share, which expire June 18, 2026. • First tranche July ordinary course placement agent warrants exercisable for up to 10,500 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $3.125 per share, which expire July 17, 2026. • Second tranche July ordinary course placement agent warrants exercisable for up to 162,344 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $3.125 per share, which expire July 24, 2026. • July private placement warrants exercisable for up to 2,236,026 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $3.90 per share, which expire July 20, 2026. July offering placement agent warrants exercisable for up to 156,522 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $5.0313 per share, which expire July 20, 2026.

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