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Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2012
Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block] | 6. Stockholders’ Equity Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $.01 par value. In March 2012, we established from the authorized preferred stock a series of preferred stock, consisting of 2,200 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $1,000 stated value (“Series A Preferred Shares”) and entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (“SPA”) whereby we issued to three institutional investors (“Purchasers”) the Series A Preferred Shares for gross proceeds of $2.2 million. Net proceeds to the Company from this transaction, after deduction of placement agent fees and other expenses, were approximately $2.0 million. The Series A Preferred Shares may be converted at any time at the option of the Purchasers into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $0.75 per share (“Conversion Price”), for an initial aggregate total of 2,933,333 shares of our common stock (“Conversion Shares”). The Series A Preferred Shares have a liquidation preference equal to the initial purchase price, have no voting rights, and are not entitled to a dividend. Through December 31, 2012, a total of 1,412 Series A Preferred Shares have been converted into 1,882,667 shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2012, there were 788 shares of Series A Preferred Shares outstanding, convertible into 1,050,667 shares of our common stock. Pursuant to the terms of the SPA, we issued to each Purchaser Series A, B and C Warrants (collectively, the “Warrants”), each to purchase up to a number of shares of our common stock equal to 100% of the Conversion Shares underlying the Series A Preferred Shares (up to 2,933,333 shares in the aggregate for each of the three series of warrants, or 8,799,999 shares in total) (“Warrant Shares”). The Series A Warrants have an exercise price of $1.00 per share, are exercisable immediately, and expire on March 21, 2017. The Series B Warrants have an exercise price of $0.75 per share, are exercisable immediately, and expire on March 21, 2013. The Series C Warrants have an exercise price of $1.00 per share and expire on March 21, 2017, but only vest and become exercisable upon, and in proportion to, the exercise of the one-year Series B Warrants. The Warrants contain anti-dilution provisions, which may, under certain circumstances, reduce the exercise price (but have no effect on the number of shares subject to the Warrants) if we sell or grant options to purchase, including rights to reprice, our common stock or common stock equivalents at a price lower than the exercise price of the Warrants, or if we announce plans to do so. In connection with the sale of the Series A Preferred Shares, we entered into a Registration Rights Agreement (“RRA”) with the Purchasers, pursuant to which we filed a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on April 3, 2012 covering resale of the Conversion Shares and the Warrant Shares. It was declared effective by the SEC on April 13, 2012 Accounting Treatment and Allocation of Proceeds. We first assessed the Series A Preferred Shares under ASC Topic 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”) and determined such preferred stock not to be a liability under ASC 480. We next assessed the preferred stock under ASC Topic 815. “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The preferred stock contains an embedded feature allowing an optional conversion by the holder into common stock which meets the definition of a derivative. However, we believe that the preferred stock is an “equity host” (as described by ASC 815) for purposes of assessing the embedded derivative for potential bifurcation and determined that the optional conversion feature is clearly and closely associated to the preferred stock host; we therefore determined that the embedded derivative does not require bifurcation and separate recognition under ASC 815. We then assessed the preferred stock under ASC Topic 470, “Debt” (“ASC 470”), and determined there to be a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”) requiring recognition at its intrinsic value. Since the conversion option of the preferred stock was immediately exercisable, the amount allocated to the BCF was immediately accreted to preferred dividends, resulting in an increase in the carrying value of the preferred stock. We also assessed the warrants issued in connection with the financing under ASC 815 and determined that they did not initially meet the definition of a derivative, but will require evaluation on an on-going basis. As of December 31, 2012, we determined that the warrants still did not meet the definition of a derivative. The following is a summary of the allocation of the net proceeds from the preferred stock financing, and reconciliation to the carrying value at December 31, 2012:
Net proceeds after transaction costs |  | $ | 1,999,032 |
Less: Fair value of warrants (recorded to Additional Paid-in Capital) |  |  | (1,127,418 | )
Beneficial conversion feature (recorded to Additional Paid-in Capital) |  |  | (762,667 | )
Net proceeds allocated to preferred stock |  |  | 108,947 |
Accretion of beneficial conversion feature (deemed dividend) |  |  | 762,667 |
Initial carrying value of preferred stock |  |  | 871,614 |
Conversions to common stock |  |  | (559,418 | )
Carrying value of preferred stock at December 31, 2012 |  | $ | 312,196 |
Common Stock Transactions In February 2010, we issued 12,000 shares of our common stock in settlement of an obligation accrued at December 31, 2009 in the amount of $90,000. During December 2011, we sold an aggregate of 658,520 shares of our common stock to a group of individual accredited investors (including members of our board of directors and management --see Note 9) for an aggregate purchase price of $441,210, $36,800 of which was received in January 2012 and is therefore reflected as a receivable (Other Current Asset) in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2011. We also issued to the investors warrants to purchase an aggregate of 987,783 shares of common stock at a price of $1.00 per share, which expire in December 2016. During January 2012, we sold an aggregate of 407,999 shares of our common stock to a group of individual accredited investors (including members of our board of directors and management --see Note 9) for an aggregate purchase price of $273,360. We also issued to the investors warrants to purchase an aggregate of 612,001 shares of common stock at a price of $1.00 per share, which expire in January 2017. From time to time, we issue shares of our common stock to consultants or others in exchange for services. During 2012, 2011 and 2010 we issued -0-, 129,245, and 10,500 shares, respectively, for such services; and we recorded general and administrative expense of $-0-, $150,000, and $53,813 during each respective period related to these issuances. Stock Options In 2006, we adopted the GeoVax Labs, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Stock Option Plan”) for the granting of qualified incentive stock options (“ISO’s”), nonqualified stock options, restricted stock awards or restricted stock bonuses to employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors of the Company. The exercise price for any option granted may not be less than fair value (110% of fair value for ISO’s granted to certain employees). Options granted under the Stock Option Plan have a maximum ten-year term and generally vest over three years. The Company has reserved 1,200,000 shares of its common stock for issuance under the Stock Option Plan. A summary of activity under the Stock Option Plan as of December 31, 2012, and changes during the year then ended is presented below:
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (yrs) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
Outstanding at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 928,242 |  |  | $ | 5.43 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 238,500 |  |  |  | 0.70 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited or expired |  |  | (97,601 | ) |  |  | 4.02 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 1,069,141 |  |  | $ | 4.50 |  |  |  | 6.2 |  |  | $ | -0- |
Exercisable at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 698,995 |  |  | $ | 6.38 |  |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | $ | -0- |
Additional information concerning our stock options for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is as follows:
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | 2010 |
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the period |  | $ | 0.59 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |  |  | $ | 2.95 |
Intrinsic value of options exercised during the period |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total fair value of options vested during the period |  |  | 319,920 |  |  |  | 540,339 |  |  |  | 499,557 |
We use the Black-Scholes model for determining the grant date fair value of our stock option grants. This model utilizes certain information, such as the interest rate on a risk-free security with a term generally equivalent to the expected life of the option being valued and requires certain other assumptions, such as the expected amount of time an option will be outstanding until it is exercised or expired, to calculate the fair value of stock options granted. The significant assumptions we used in our fair value calculations were as follows:
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | 2010 |
Weighted average risk-free interest rates |  |  | 1.1 | % |  |  | 1.4 | % |  |  | 2.6 | %
Expected dividend yield |  |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 0.0 | %
Expected life of option (yrs) |  | 6.7 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 6.7 |
Expected volatility |  |  | 105.2 | % |  |  | 111.2 | % |  |  | 112.9 | %
Stock-based compensation expense related to the Stock Option Plan was $310,076, $463,752, and $575,662 during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Stock option expense is allocated to research and development expense or to general and administrative expense based on the related employee classifications and corresponds to the allocation of employee salaries. For the three years ended December 31, 2012, stock option expense was allocated as follows:
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | 2010 |
General and administrative expense |  | $ | 231,936 |  |  | $ | 284,352 |  |  | $ | 369,161 |
Research and development expense |  |  | 78,140 |  |  |  | 179,400 |  |  |  | 206,501 |
Total stock option expense |  | $ | 310,076 |  |  | $ | 463,752 |  |  | $ | 575,662 |
As of December 31, 2012, there was $271,901 of unrecognized compensation expense related to stock-based compensation arrangements. The unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of 2.1 years. Stock Purchase Warrants We have issued stock purchase warrants in connection with financing transactions and also in exchange for services from consultants and others. The following table presents a summary of stock purchase warrant transactions during the year ended December 31, 2012:
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Outstanding at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 1,870,559 |  |  | $ | 7.96 |
Issued – Series A Warrants (1) |  |  | 2,933,333 |  |  |  | 1.00 |
Issued – Series B Warrants (1) |  |  | 2,933,333 |  |  |  | 0.75 |
Issued – Series C Warrants (1) |  |  | 2,933,333 |  |  |  | 1.00 |
Issued – Other Warrants (2) |  |  | 612,001 |  |  |  | 1.00 |
Exercised |  |  | -- |  |  |  | -- |
Forfeited or expired |  |  | (57,000 | ) |  |  | 7.00 |
Outstanding at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 11,225,559 |  |  | $ | 2.06 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 8,290,376 |  |  | $ | 2.44 |
(1) See discussion under “Series A Convertible Preferred Stock” above. (2) See discussion under “Common Stock Transactions” above. For stock purchase warrants issued to consultants or others in exchange for services, we record the related expense over the service period, or upon the date, that the service was rendered. Expense associated with such compensatory warrants was $-0-, $7,119, and $121,057 during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively All such expense was allocated to general and administrative expense. As of December 31, 2012, there was no unrecognized compensation expense related to compensatory warrants. . In addition to compensatory warrant expense, during 2011 we recorded $152,126 of general and administrative expense associated with the extension of certain investor warrants which were due to expire in 2011 to 2013. In January 2013, certain modifications were made to the terms of the Class B Warrants in exchange for the exercise of a portion of those warrants (see Note 11).

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- Definition The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity, comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, if any, including other comprehensive income (as applicable). Including, but not limited to: (1) balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings; (2) accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and total amount of comprehensive income; (3) amount and nature of changes in separate accounts, including the number of shares authorized and outstanding, number of shares issued upon exercise and conversion, and for other comprehensive income, the adjustments for reclassifications to net income; (4) rights and privileges of each class of stock authorized; (5) basis of treasury stock, if other than cost, and amounts paid and accounting treatment for treasury stock purchased significantly in excess of market; (6) dividends paid or payable per share and in the aggregate for each class of stock for each period presented; (7) dividend restrictions and accumulated preferred dividends in arrears (in aggregate and per share amount); (8) retained earnings appropriations or restrictions, such as dividend restrictions; (9) impact of change in accounting principle, initial adoption of new accounting principle and correction of an error in previously issued financial statements; (10) shares held in trust for Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP); (11) deferred compensation related to issuance of capital stock; (12) note received for issuance of stock; (13) unamortized discount on shares; (14) description, terms, and number of warrants or rights outstanding; (15) shares under subscription and subscription receivables, effective date of new retained earnings after quasi-reorganization and deficit eliminated by quasi-reorganization and, for a period of at least ten years after the effective date, the point in time from which the new retained dates; and (16) retroactive effective of subsequent change in capital structure. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-X (SX) -Number 210 -Section 04 -Article 3 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21488-112644 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-X (SX) -Number 210 -Section 02 -Paragraph 29, 30, 31 -Article 5 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 4 -Section E Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Glossary Preferred Stock -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6521494 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 11 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21564-112644 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 4 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 4.C) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6959260&loc=d3e187143-122770 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21484-112644 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21475-112644 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21506-112644 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6405834&loc=d3e23285-112656 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Accounting Research Bulletin (ARB) -Number 43 -Section B -Paragraph 7, 11A -Chapter 1 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. 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