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Note 11 - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2015 | Dec. 31, 2014
--- | --- | ---
Deferred tax assets: |  |
Net operating loss carryforward | $ 23,822,431 | $ 22,806,391
Research and development tax credit carryforward | 893,797 | 825,896
Stock-based compensation expense | 2,419,892 | 2,396,805
Total deferred tax assets | 27,136,120 | 26,029,092
Deferred tax liabilities |  |
Depreciation | (5,086) | (7,149)
Total deferred tax liabilities | (5,086) | (7,149)
Net deferred tax assets | 27,131,034 | 26,021,943
Valuation allowance | (27,131,034) | (26,021,943)
| $ 0 | $ 0

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- Definition Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible operating loss carryforwards. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 25 -Paragraph 20 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51675352&loc=d3e28680-109314 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6907707&loc=d3e32621-109319 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 8 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6907707&loc=d3e32632-109319 + Details
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