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Note 11 - Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Notes Tables |
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block] |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforward |  | $ | 24,689,298 |  |  | $ | 23,822,431 |
Research and development tax credit carryforward |  |  | 892,231 |  |  |  | 893,797 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 2,748,899 |  |  |  | 2,419,892 |
Depreciation |  |  | 1,331 |  |  |  | - |
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | 28,331,759 |  |  |  | 27,136,120 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5,086 | )
Total deferred tax liabilities |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5,086 | )
Net deferred tax assets |  |  | 28,331,759 |  |  |  | 27,131,034 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (28,331,759 | ) |  |  | (27,131,034 | )
|  | $ | -0- |  |  | $ | -0- |
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block] |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
U.S. federal statutory rate applied to pretax loss |  | $ | (1,112,378 | ) |  | $ | (936,936 | ) |  | $ | (906,830 | )
Permanent differences |  |  | 2,012 |  |  |  | 2,914 |  |  |  | 1,734 |
Research and development credits |  |  | 59,087 |  |  |  | 67,901 |  |  |  | 26,648 |
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | 1,051,279 |  |  |  | 866,121 |  |  |  | 878,448 |
Reported income tax expense |  | $ | -0- |  |  | $ | -0- |  |  | $ | -0- |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65882285&loc=d3e32537-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65882285&loc=d3e32687-109319 + Details
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