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0000832489 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2024-01-01 2024-06-30

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-39563

GEOVAX LABS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 87-0455038
(State or other jurisdiction | (IRS Employer Identification No.)
of incorporation or organization) |
1900 Lake Park Drive, Suite 380 |
Smyrna, Georgia | 30080
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

(678) 384-7220

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each Class | Trading Symbol | Name of each Exchange on which Registered
Common Stock $0.001 par value | GOVX | The Nasdaq Capital Market
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock | GOVXW | The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non‑accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Emerging growth company | ☐
Smaller reporting company | ☒ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 6, 2024, 5,263,700 shares of the Registrant’s common stock, $.001 par value, were issued and outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1 | Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements: |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2024 (unaudited) and December 31, 2023 | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) | 4
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 5
Item 2 | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 9
Item 3 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 15
Item 4 | Controls and Procedures | 15
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1 | Legal Proceedings | 16
Item 1A | Risk Factors | 16
Item 2 | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 16
Item 3 | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 16
Item 4 | Mine Safety Disclosures | 16
Item 5 | Other Information | 16
Item 6 | Exhibits | 17
SIGNATURES | 18

Part I -- FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 | Financial Statements

GEOVAX LABS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

|  | June 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 1,561,712 |  |  | $ | 6,452,589 |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 300,677 |  |  |  | - |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 1,981,134 |  |  |  | 1,433,153 |
Total current assets |  |  | 3,843,523 |  |  |  | 7,885,742 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 170,537 |  |  |  | 209,689 |
Other assets |  |  | 81,010 |  |  |  | 1,187,788 |
Total assets |  | $ | 4,095,070 |  |  | $ | 9,283,219 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 3,983,696 |  |  | $ | 2,802,950 |
Notes payable and accrued interest – related parties |  |  | 142,292 |  |  |  | - |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 2,278,308 |  |  |  | 716,931 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 6,404,296 |  |  |  | 3,519,881 |
Commitments (Note 5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity (deficit): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $.001 par value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Authorized shares – 150,000,000 and 600,000,000 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issued and outstanding shares – 4,178,700 and 1,977,152 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively |  |  | 4,179 |  |  |  | 1,977 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 112,964,554 |  |  |  | 110,125,146 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (115,277,959 | ) |  |  | (104,363,785 | )
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) |  |  | (2,309,226 | ) |  |  | 5,763,338 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) |  | $ | 4,095,070 |  |  | $ | 9,283,219 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

GEOVAX LABS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Revenue from government contract |  | $ | 300,677 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 300,677 |  |  | $ | - |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 4,276,868 |  |  |  | 4,719,728 |  |  |  | 8,702,596 |  |  |  | 7,538,917 |
General and administrative |  |  | 1,086,030 |  |  |  | 1,459,093 |  |  |  | 2,543,383 |  |  |  | 2,910,518 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 5,362,898 |  |  |  | 6,178,821 |  |  |  | 11,245,979 |  |  |  | 10,449,435 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (5,062,221 | ) |  |  | (6,178,821 | ) |  |  | (10,945,302 | ) |  |  | (10,449,435 | )
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  | 5,471 |  |  |  | 251,201 |  |  |  | 38,420 |  |  |  | 483,899 |
Interest expense |  |  | (7,292 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (7,292 | ) |  |  | - |
Total other income (expense) |  |  | (1,821 | ) |  |  | 251,201 |  |  |  | 31,128 |  |  |  | 483,899 |
Net loss |  | $ | (5,064,042 | ) |  | $ | (5,927,620 | ) |  | $ | (10,914,174 | ) |  | $ | (9,965,536 | )
Basic and diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss per common share |  | $ | (1.99 | ) |  | $ | (3.79 | ) |  | $ | (4.68 | ) |  | $ | (5.66 | )
Weighted average shares outstanding |  |  | 2,539,878 |  |  |  | 1,562,910 |  |  |  | 2,334,464 |  |  |  | 1,759,427 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

GEOVAX LABS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three-Month and Six-Month Periods Ended June 30, 2024 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Stockholders’ |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Paid-in Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Equity |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 1,977,152 |  |  | $ | 1,977 |  |  | $ | 110,125,146 |  |  | $ | (104,363,785 | ) |  | $ | 5,763,338 |
Issuance of common stock for services |  |  | 6,703 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 37,493 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 37,500 |
Issuance of common stock upon warrant exercises |  |  | 269,032 |  |  |  | 269 |  |  |  | (269 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Fractional share roundup following reverse split |  |  | 55,422 |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | (55 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Stock option expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 103,569 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 103,569 |
Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024 |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5,850,132 | ) |  |  | (5,850,132 | )
Balance at March 31, 2024 |  |  | 2,308,309 |  |  |  | 2,308 |  |  |  | 110,265,884 |  |  |  | (110,213,917 | ) |  | $ | 54,275 |
Sale of common stock and warrants for cash |  |  | 220,000 |  |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | 1,209,318 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,209,538 |
Issuance of common stock upon warrant exercises |  |  | 1,650,391 |  |  |  | 1,651 |  |  |  | 1,387,712 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,389,363 |
Stock option expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 101,640 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 101,640 |
Net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2024 |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5,064,042 | ) |  |  | (5,064,042 | )
Balance at June 30, 2024 |  |  | 4,178,700 |  |  | $ | 4,179 |  |  | $ | 112,964,554 |  |  | $ | (115,277,959 | ) |  | $ | (2,309,226 | )

|  | Three-Month and Six-Month Periods Ended June 30, 2023 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Stockholders’ |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Paid-in Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Equity |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  |  | 1,755,664 |  |  | $ | 1,756 |  |  | $ | 104,995,301 |  |  | $ | (78,397,023 | ) |  | $ | 26,600,034 |
Issuance of common stock for services |  |  | 7,246 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 74,993 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 75,000 |
Stock option expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 228,039 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 228,039 |
Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (4,037,916 | ) |  |  | (4,037,916 | )
Balance at March 31, 2023 |  |  | 1,762,910 |  |  |  | 1,763 |  |  |  | 105,298,333 |  |  |  | (82,434,939 | ) |  | $ | 22,865,157 |
Stock option expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 226,013 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 226,013 |
Net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2023 |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5,927,620 | ) |  |  | (5,927,620 | )
Balance at June 30, 2023 |  |  | 1,762,910 |  |  | $ | 1,763 |  |  | $ | 105,524,346 |  |  | $ | (88,362,559 | ) |  | $ | 17,163,550 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

GEOVAX LABS, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (10,914,174 | ) |  | $ | (9,965,536 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization expense |  |  | 43,319 |  |  |  | 34,637 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 259,376 |  |  |  | 515,552 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | (300,677 | ) |  |  | - |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | (564,648 | ) |  |  | (698,785 | )
Other assets |  |  | 1,106,778 |  |  |  | 976,498 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  |  | 2,745,248 |  |  |  | (662,382 | )
Total adjustments |  |  | 3,289,396 |  |  |  | 165,520 |
Net cash used in operating activities |  |  | (7,624,778 | ) |  |  | (9,800,016 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of equipment |  |  | - |  |  |  | (23,805 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | - |  |  |  | (23,805 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net proceeds from issuance of notes payable – related parties |  |  | 135,000 |  |  |  | - |
Net proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants |  |  | 1,209,538 |  |  |  | - |
Net proceeds from warrant exercise |  |  | 1,389,363 |  |  |  | - |
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 2,733,901 |  |  |  | - |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (4,890,877 | ) |  |  | (9,823,821 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 6,452,589 |  |  |  | 27,612,732 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 1,561,712 |  |  | $ | 17,788,911 |

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we issued 2,549 shares of common stock upon the cashless exercise of 4,000 warrants.

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

GEOVAX LABS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2024

(unaudited)

1. | Nature of Business

GeoVax Labs, Inc., headquartered in the Atlanta, Georgia metropolitan area, is a clinical-stage biotechnology company incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. GeoVax Labs, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, GeoVax, Inc., a Georgia corporation, are collectively referred to herein as “GeoVax” or “the Company”.

The Company is focused on developing human vaccines for many of the world’s most threatening infectious diseases and therapies for solid tumor cancers using novel proprietary platforms. GeoVax’s lead clinical program is GEO-CM04S1, a next-generation COVID-19 vaccine for which it was recently awarded a BARDA-funded contract to sponsor a 10,000-participant Phase 2b clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of GEO-CM04S1 versus an approved COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, GEO-CM04S1 is currently in three Phase 2 clinical trials, being evaluated as (1) a primary vaccine for immunocompromised patients such as those suffering from hematologic cancers and other patient populations for whom the current authorized COVID-19 vaccines are insufficient, (2) a booster vaccine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and (3) a more robust, durable COVID-19 booster among healthy patients who previously received the mRNA vaccines. In addition, the lead oncological clinical program is Gedeptin®, a novel oncolytic solid tumor gene-directed therapy, which is currently in a multicenter Phase 1/2 clinical trial for advanced head and neck cancers. Additional preclinical research and development programs include preventive vaccines against Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox), hemorrhagic fever viruses (Ebola Zaire, Ebola Sudan, and Marburg), and Zika virus, as well as immunotherapies for solid tumors.

2. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

We disclosed in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 those accounting policies that we consider significant in determining our results of operations and financial position. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, there have been no material changes to, or in the application of, the accounting policies previously identified and described in the Form 10-K.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying financial statements include the accounts of GeoVax Labs, Inc. and GeoVax, Inc. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The financial statements are unaudited, but include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring entries, which we believe to be necessary for a fair presentation of interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. We expect our operating results to fluctuate for the foreseeable future; therefore, period-to-period comparisons should not be relied upon as predictive of the results in future periods.

We are devoting substantially all of our present efforts to research and development of our vaccine and immunotherapy candidates and will require additional funding to continue our research and development activities. Our existing cash resources are insufficient to continue our planned operations beyond the third quarter of 2024 without additional funding, which we are actively pursuing. We plan to pursue additional cash resources through public or private equity or debt financings, government grants/contracts, arrangements with strategic partners, or from other sources. There can be no assurance that additional funding will be available on favorable terms or at all. These factors collectively raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management believes that we will be successful in securing the additional capital required to continue the Company’s planned operations, but that our plans do not fully alleviate the substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to operate as a going concern.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of the uncertainties described above.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements, and all share and per share information contained herein, have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse stock split described in Note 6.

5

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, there have been no new accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements which we expect to have a material impact on our financial statements.

3. | Balance Sheet Components

Prepaid Expenses – Prepaid expenses consist of the following:

|  | June 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Prepaid clinical trial costs (current portion) |  | $ | 1,921,190 |  |  | $ | 1,282,746 |
Prepaid insurance premiums |  |  | 36,899 |  |  |  | 110,695 |
Prepaid rent |  |  | 13,045 |  |  |  | 13,045 |
Other prepaid expenses |  |  | 10,000 |  |  |  | 26,667 |
Total prepaid expenses |  | $ | 1,981,134 |  |  | $ | 1,433,153 |

Property and Equipment – Property and equipment consist of the following:

|  | June 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Equipment and furnishings |  | $ | 774,758 |  |  | $ | 774,758 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | 115,605 |  |  |  | 115,605 |
Total property and equipment |  |  | 890,363 |  |  |  | 890,363 |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  | (719,826 | ) |  |  | (680,674 | )
Total property and equipment, net |  | $ | 170,537 |  |  | $ | 209,689 |

Other Assets – Other assets consist of the following:

|  | June 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Prepaid clinical trial costs (noncurrent portion) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,106,778 |
Prepaid technology license fees |  |  | 70,000 |  |  |  | 70,000 |
Deposits |  |  | 11,010 |  |  |  | 11,010 |
Total other assets |  | $ | 81,010 |  |  | $ | 1,187,788 |

Accrued Expenses – Accrued expenses consist of the following:

|  | June 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Payroll-related liabilities |  | $ | 168,974 |  |  | $ | 114,337 |
Accrued clinical trial costs |  |  | 351,460 |  |  |  | 490,635 |
Accrued contract manufacturing costs |  |  | 1,687,874 |  |  |  | - |
Other accrued expenses |  |  | 70,000 |  |  |  | 111,959 |
Total accrued expenses |  | $ | 2,278,308 |  |  | $ | 716,931 |

4. | Notes Payable – Related Parties

On May 10, 2024, we issued 10% Original Issue Discount Promissory Notes (the “Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $150,000 to members of our Board of Directors and senior management, in exchange for gross cash proceeds to us of $135,000. The Notes are unsecured, bear interest at a rate of 15% per annum, and mature upon the earlier of (i) six months from the issue date or (ii) three days following the date the Company completes an offering of its common stock with gross proceeds of not less than $5 million. We recorded a total debt discount of $15,000 upon the issuance of the Notes. Interest expense associated with the Notes was $7,292 for the three-month period ended June 30, 2024, consisting of $4,167 of debt discount amortization and $3,125 of accrued interest payable.

5. | Commitments

Operating Lease. We lease approximately 8,400 square feet of office and laboratory space pursuant to an operating lease which expires on December 31, 2025. Rent expense for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 was $46,764 and $93,528, respectively, as compared to $45,414 and $90,828, respectively, for the same periods of 2023. Future minimum lease payments total $93,528 in 2024, and $192,708 in 2025 although the lease may be terminated at any time by either party with one hundred eighty days written notice.

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License Agreements. We have entered into license agreements for various technologies and patent rights associated with our product development activities. These agreements may contain provisions for upfront payments, milestone fees due upon the achievement of selected development and regulatory events, minimum annual royalties or other fees, and royalties based on future net sales. Due to the uncertainty of the achievement and timing of the contingent events requiring payment under these agreements, the amounts to be paid by us in the future are not determinable.

Other Commitments. In the normal course of business, we enter into various contracts and purchase commitments including those with contract research organizations (“CROs”) for clinical trial services, contract manufacturing organizations (“CMOs”) for production of materials for use in our clinical trials, and other independent contractors or academic institutions for preclinical research activities and other services and products. Most contracts are generally cancellable, with notice, at the Company’s option. Payments due upon cancellation may consist of payments for services provided or expenses incurred to date, or cancellation penalties depending on the time of cancellation.

6. | Stockholders’ Equity

Reverse Stock Split and Reduction of Authorized Shares of Common Stock

At a special meeting of our stockholders held on January 16, 2024, our stockholders approved an amendment to our certificate of incorporation to (i) reduce our authorized shares of common stock from 600,000,000 to 150,000,000 and (ii) effect a one-for-fifteen reverse split of our common stock. The amendment to our certificate of incorporation was filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on January 30, 2024 and our common stock began trading on the split-adjusted basis on January 31, 2024. The accompanying consolidated financial statements, and all share and per share information contained herein, have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse stock split.

May 2024 Offering

On May 21, 2024, we closed a registered direct offering of 220,000 shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase an aggregate of 582,844 shares of common stock (the “May 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants”). In a concurrent private placement, we issued common warrants to the purchaser to purchase up to 1,605,688 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.68 per share (the “May 2024 Common Warrants”). Net proceeds after deducting placement agent commissions and other offering expenses were approximately $1.2 million. As noted under “Warrant Exercises” below, the May 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised in full during June 2024.

Warrant Exercises

During the first quarter of 2024, we issued 269,032 shares of our common stock upon the exercise of prefunded warrants issued in December 2023 (the “December 2023 Pre-Funded Warrants”). During June 2024, we issued 238,000 and 582,844 shares of our common stock upon the exercise of the December 2023 Pre-Funded Warrants and the May 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants, respectively; and 2,549 shares of our common stock upon the cashless exercise of 4,000 warrants issued in June 2020. Also during June 2024, we issued 826,998 shares of our common stock upon the exercise of common warrants issued in December 2023, with net cash proceeds to us of approximately $1.4 million.

Other Common Stock Transactions

During January 2024, we issued 6,703 shares of our common stock pursuant to a professional relations and consulting agreement and we issued 55,422 shares of our common stock for the roundup of fractional shares associated with the reverse stock split.

Stock Options

We have stock-based incentive plans (the “Plans”) pursuant to which our Board of Directors may grant stock options and other stock-based awards to our employees, directors and consultants. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, 961 stock options were cancelled and there were no new grants of stock options or other transactions related to the Plans. As of June 30, 2024, there are 133,648 stock options outstanding, with a weighted-average exercise price of $28.39 per share and a weighted-average remaining contractual term of 7.7 years. Including the outstanding stock options, a total of 333,648 shares of our common stock are reserved for future issuance pursuant to the Plans.

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Stock Purchase Warrants

The table below summarizes information concerning warrants outstanding as of June 30, 2024.

Issue Date |  | Number of Shares |  |  | Exercise Price |  | Expiration
June 2020 |  |  | 4,000 |  |  | $ | 1.68 |  | June 2025
September 2020 |  |  | 159,781 |  |  |  | 75.00 |  | September 2025
February 2021 |  |  | 4,800 |  |  |  | 103.13 |  | August 2024
September 2021 |  |  | 6,668 |  |  |  | 195.00 |  | September 2026
December 2023 |  |  | 582,000 |  |  |  | 1.68 |  | June 2029
May 2024 |  |  | 1,605,688 |  |  |  | 1.68 |  | May 2029
Outstanding at June 30, 2024 |  |  | 2,362,937 |  |  |  |  |  |

7. | Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the award and is allocated to research and development expense or general and administrative expense based upon the classification of the individual to whom the award is granted. Stock-based compensation expense related to stock option grants was $101,640 and $205,209 during the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to $226,013 and $454,052, respectively, during the same periods of 2023. As of June 30, 2024, there is $342,156 of unrecognized compensation expense that we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of 1.1 years.

We have also issued shares of our restricted common stock to consultants and recognize the related expense over the terms of the related agreements. During the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 we recorded stock-based compensation expense of $-0- and $54,167, respectively, associated with common stock issued for consulting services, as compared to $43,500 and $61,500, respectively, for the same periods of 2023.

8. | Revenue from Government Contract

On June 12, 2024, GeoVax was awarded a contract (the “BARDA Contract”) through the Rapid Response Partnership Vehicle (RRPV) to advance the clinical development of GEO-CM04S1, the Company’s next-generation COVID-19 vaccine. The RRPV is a consortium funded by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), part of the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

Under the BARDA Contract, GeoVax will sponsor a 10,000-participant, randomized, Phase 2b double-blinded study to assess the clinical efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of GEO-CM04S1 compared with a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. The direct award to GeoVax of approximately $24.3 million, which may increase to as much as $45 million, will fund the manufacturing of clinical materials and support for the Phase 2b clinical trial, including regulatory activities. BARDA has made a separate award of approximately $343 million through its Clinical Studies Network to support execution of the study by Allucent, a global clinical research organization.

GeoVax’s role in the project is being funded in whole or in part with federal funds from BARDA under Other Transaction 75A50123D00005. Allucent’s role in the project is being funded in whole or in part with federal funds from BARDA under contract 75A50120D00016/75A50123F33005.

During the three-month and six-month periods ending June 30, 2024, GeoVax recognized revenue of $300,677 associated with the BARDA contract. We record revenue associated with this contract as the reimbursable costs are incurred.

9. | Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted loss per common share are computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include stock options and stock purchase warrants, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be antidilutive. The securities that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future and that have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share totaled 2,496,585 and 1,027,084 shares at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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10. | Income Taxes

No provision for income taxes was recorded in either of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company remains in a cumulative loss position with a full valuation allowance recorded against its net deferred income tax assets as of June 30, 2024.

11. | Subsequent Events

July 2024 Offering. On July 12, 2024, we closed a registered direct offering of 458,632 shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase an aggregate of 626,368 shares of common stock (the “July 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants”). In a concurrent private placement, we issued common warrants to the purchaser to purchase up to 2,170,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.86 per share (the “July 2024 Common Warrants”). Net proceeds after deducting placement agent commissions and other offering expenses were approximately $2.8 million. On July 18 and 23, 2024, we issued an aggregate of 626,368 shares of common stock upon full exercise of the July 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants.

Item 2 | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition And Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand our results of operations and financial condition. This MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto and other disclosures included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”), and our audited financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 29, 2024.

Forward-Looking Statements

Information included in this Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical facts, but rather reflect our current expectations concerning future events and results. We generally use the words “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “likely,” “will” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. All statements in this Quarterly Report, other than statements of historical facts, including statements regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, future governmental grants, projected costs, prospects, plans, intentions, expectations and objectives could be forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements, including those concerning our expectations, involve risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and factors include, but are not limited to, those factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. We operate in a highly competitive, highly regulated and rapidly changing environment and our business is constantly evolving. Therefore, it is likely that new risks will emerge, and that the nature and elements of existing risks will change, over time. It is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors or changes therein, or to assess either the impact of all such risk factors on our business. We assume no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are cautioned not to unduly rely on such forward-looking statements when evaluating the information presented in this Quarterly Report.

Overview

GeoVax is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing immunotherapies and vaccines against cancers and infectious diseases using novel vector vaccine platforms. GeoVax’s product pipeline includes ongoing human clinical trials for a next-generation COVID-19 vaccine and a gene-directed therapy against advanced head and neck cancer. Additional preclinical research and development programs include preventive vaccines against Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox), hemorrhagic fever viruses (Ebola Zaire, Ebola Sudan, and Marburg), and Zika virus, as well as immunotherapies for solid tumors.

Our corporate strategy is to advance, protect and exploit our differentiated vaccine/immunotherapy technologies leading to the successful development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines and immunotherapies against infectious diseases and various cancers. Our goal is to advance products through to human clinical testing, and to seek partnership or licensing arrangements for achieving regulatory approval and commercialization. We also leverage third party resources through collaborations and partnerships for preclinical and clinical testing with multiple government, academic and corporate entities.

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Our programs are in various stages of development, the most significant of which are summarized below along with recent developments:

● | GEO-CM04S1 – Next Generation COVID-19 Vaccine:

| ○ | On June 12, 2024, GeoVax was awarded a contract (the “BARDA Contract”) through the Rapid Response Partnership Vehicle (RRPV) to advance the clinical development of GEO-CM04S1. The RRPV is a Consortium funded by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), part of the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Under the agreement, GeoVax will sponsor a 10,000-participant, randomized, Phase 2b double-blinded study to assess the clinical efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of GEO-CM04S1 compared with a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. The original direct award to GeoVax of approximately $24.3 million, which may increase to as much as $45 million, will fund the manufacturing of clinical materials and support for the Phase 2b clinical trial, including regulatory activities. BARDA has made a separate award of approximately $343 million through its Clinical Studies Network to Allucent, a global clinical research organization, to execute the clinical trial as part of BARDA’s Clinical Studies Network.

| ○ | GEO-CM04S1 is currently undergoing a Phase 2 clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04977024), evaluating its safety and efficacy as a preventive COVID-19 vaccine in high-risk immunocompromised patients (i.e. patients with blood cancers who have previously received either an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant, an autologous hematopoietic cell transplant or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy). Data published from the safety lead-in portion of the trial indicates that GEO-CM04S1 is highly immunogenic in these patients, inducing broad and durable neutralizing antibody and T cell responses.

| ○ | GEO-CM04S1 is also undergoing the Phase 2 portion of a Phase 1/2 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04639466), evaluating two vaccine dose levels as a heterologous COVID-19 booster vaccine to current FDA-approved mRNA vaccines from Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna. In February 2024, we announced positive interim safety and immune responses findings following vaccine administration. Consolidated data (blinded to vaccine dose) from all subjects tested one-month post-vaccination, documented statistically significant increases in neutralizing antibody responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, ranging from the original Wuhan strain through Delta and Omicron XBB 1.5.

| ○ | An investigator-initiated Phase 2 clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05672355) of GEO-CM04S1 is evaluating its use as a COVID-19 vaccine booster in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) compared to the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA-based vaccine.

● | Gedeptin® - Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Phase 1/2 Trial:

| ○ | Gedeptin recently completed a Phase 1/2 clinical trial (PNP-002) (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03754933) for treatment of patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This trial is being funded in part by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) pursuant to its Orphan Products Clinical Trials Grants Program.

| ○ | We recently convened a special clinical advisory board to conduct a comprehensive review of the PNP-002 trial results, together with the previously completed Phase 1 trial (PNP-001). This review concluded that Gedeptin demonstrated an acceptable safety and efficacy profile to support continued development. In addition, the therapy has demonstrated sufficient tumor stabilization/reduction activity to support plans to advance clinical development of Gedeptin therapy in an expanded Phase 2 clinical trial.

| ○ | We have initiated activities in support of a Phase 2 trial in first-recurrence head and neck cancer. The primary goal of this trial will be to establish efficacy of neoadjuvant Gedeptin therapy combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor in squamous cell head and neck cancer. This trial is anticipated to be a single cycle trial with surgery to follow in approximately 36 patients with pathologic response rate as the primary endpoint. We have initiated the necessary planning activities, including protocol development, manufacturing and CRO selection, with the trial activation anticipated during the first half of 2025.

● | Our additional research programs for vaccines and immunotherapies at various stages of preclinical development.

● | General Corporate:

| ○ | On May 23, 2024, we received a notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) notifying the Company that it no longer complied with the $2,500,000 minimum stockholders’ equity required for continued listing pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) (the “Stockholders’ Equity Requirement”), because the Company’s stockholders’ equity as reported in its Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2024 did not meet the required minimum. On July 18, 2024, we received notice from Nasdaq granting our request for an extension of time to regain compliance with the Stockholders’ Equity Requirement until November 19, 2024. We are currently reviewing potential transactions that, if implemented, could remedy the shortfall in our stockholders’ equity. There can be no assurance, however, whether we will be able to remedy the non-compliance.

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Financial Overview

Revenue

Our revenues to date have been related to government grants and contracts and other collaborative arrangements in support of our product development activities. We have not generated any revenue to date from the sale of the products we are developing. Our product candidates will require significant additional research and development efforts, including extensive preclinical and clinical testing. All product candidates that we advance to clinical testing will require regulatory approval prior to commercial use and will require significant costs for commercialization.

Research and development expenses

Since our inception, we have focused and we continue to focus significant resources on our research and development activities, including developing our vector platform and analytical testing methods, conducting preclinical studies, developing manufacturing processes, and conducting clinical trials. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of the following:

• | personnel costs in our research, development and regulatory functions, which include salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation;

• | expenses incurred under agreements with contract research organizations (“CROs”), that conduct clinical trials on our behalf;

• | expenses incurred under agreements with contract manufacturing organizations (“CMOs”), that manufacture product used in the clinical trials;

• | expenses incurred in procuring materials and for analytical and release testing services required to produce vaccine candidates used in clinical trials;

• | process development expenses to improve the efficiency and yield of the bulk vaccine;

• | laboratory supplies, vendor expenses and other third-party contract expenses related to preclinical research activities;

• | technology license fees;

• | consultant expenses for services supporting our clinical, regulatory and manufacturing activities; and

• | facilities, depreciation and other general overhead expenses.

We expect our research and development expenditures to increase as we advance our existing and future product candidates into and through clinical trials and pursue regulatory approval, especially with regard to the Gedeptin and GEO-CM04S1 clinical programs. We do not provide forward-looking estimates of costs and time to complete our research programs due to the many uncertainties associated with biotechnology research and development. Due to these uncertainties, our future expenditures are likely to be highly volatile in future periods depending on the outcomes of the trials and studies. As we obtain data from preclinical studies and clinical trials, we may elect to discontinue or delay certain development programs to focus our resources on more promising product candidates. Completion of preclinical studies and human clinical trials may take several years or more, but the length of time can vary substantially depending upon several factors. The duration and the cost of future clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of the project because of differences arising during development of the human clinical trial protocols, including the length of time required to enroll suitable patient subjects, the number of patients that ultimately participate in the clinical trial, the duration of patient follow-up, and the number of clinical sites included in the clinical trials.

General and administrative expenses

Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs in our executive, finance and investor relations, business development and administrative functions, including stock-based compensation. Other general and administrative expenses include consulting fees, professional service fees for accounting and legal services, lease expenses related to our offices, insurance premiums, intellectual property costs incurred in connection with filing and prosecuting patent applications, depreciation and other costs. We expect our general and administrative expenses to continue to increase in the future as we support expanded research and development activities, prepare for potential commercialization of our current and future product candidates, maintain compliance with requirements of Nasdaq and the SEC, and other general corporate activities.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates and adjusts the estimates as necessary. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

For a description of critical accounting policies that require significant judgments and estimates during the preparation of our financial statements, refer to the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies from those disclosed in our 2023 Annual Report.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Information regarding recent accounting pronouncements is contained in Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, included in this Quarterly Report.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that are likely or reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations, other than the operating lease for our office and laboratory space.

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | Change |
Revenue from government contract |  | $ | 300,677 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 300,677 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 4,276,868 |  |  |  | 4,719,728 |  |  |  | (442,860 | )
General and administrative |  |  | 1,086,030 |  |  |  | 1,459,093 |  |  |  | (373,063 | )
Total operating expenses |  |  | 5,362,898 |  |  |  | 6,178,821 |  |  |  | (815,923 | )
Loss from operations |  |  | (5,062,221 | ) |  |  | (6,178,821 | ) |  |  | 1,116,600 |
Interest income |  |  | 5,471 |  |  |  | 251,201 |  |  |  | (245,730 | )
Interest expense |  |  | (7,292 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (7,292 | )
Net loss |  | $ | (5,064,042 | ) |  | $ | (5,927,620 | ) |  | $ | 863,578 |

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | Change |
Revenue from government contract |  | $ | 300,677 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 300,677 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 8,702,596 |  |  |  | 7,538,917 |  |  |  | 1,163,679 |
General and administrative |  |  | 2,543,383 |  |  |  | 2,910,518 |  |  |  | (367,135 | )
Total operating expenses |  |  | 11,245,979 |  |  |  | 10,449,435 |  |  |  | 796,544 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (10,945,302 | ) |  |  | (10,449,435 | ) |  |  | (495,867 | )
Interest income |  |  | 38,420 |  |  |  | 483,899 |  |  |  | (445,479 | )
Interest expense |  |  | (7,292 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (7,292 | )
Net loss |  | $ | (10,914,174 | ) |  | $ | (9,965,536 | ) |  | $ | (948,638 | )

Revenue from Government Contract

During the three-month and six-month periods ending June 30, 2024, we reported $300,677 of revenues associated with the BARDA Contract. There were no revenues reported during the comparable 2023 periods.

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Research and Development Expenses

For the three-month and six-month periods ending June 30, 2024, research and development expenses decreased by $442,860 (9.4%) and increased by $1,163,679 (15.4%), respectively, versus the comparable 2023 periods. The overall increase during the six-month period of 2024 versus 2023 relates primarily to costs of manufacturing materials for use in our clinical trials of GEO-CM04S1 and Gedeptin and costs of various contracted research activities. Research and development expenses for the three-month and six-month periods of 2024 includes stock-based compensation expense of $51,170 and $104,269, respectively; as compared to $76,770 and $154,643, respectively, for the comparable 2023 periods.

General and Administrative Expenses

For the three-month and six-month periods ending June 30, 2024, general and administrative expenses decreased by $373,063 (25.6%) and $367,135 (12.6%), respectively, versus the comparable 2023 periods. The overall decrease during the 2024 periods relates primarily to lower stock-based compensation expense, consulting costs, legal and patent costs and travel costs. General and administrative expenses for the three-month and six-month periods of 2024 includes stock-based compensation expense of $50,471 and $155,107, respectively; as compared to $192,743 and $360,909, respectively, for the comparable periods of 2023.

Other Income

Interest income for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 was $5,471 and $38,420, respectively, as compared to $251,201 and $483,899, respectively, for comparable periods of 2023. The overall decrease during the 2024 periods is primarily attributable to cash available for investment. Interest expense for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 was $7,292, associated with certain notes payable issued during May 2024. There was no interest expense during the comparable periods of 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following tables summarize our liquidity and capital resources as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and our cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

Liquidity and Capital Resources |  | June 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 1,561,712 |  |  | $ | 6,452,589 |
Working capital (deficit) |  |  | (2,560,773 | ) |  |  | 4,365,861 |

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
Cash Flow Data |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  | $ | (7,624,778 | ) |  | $ | (9,800,016 | )
Investing activities |  |  | - |  |  |  | (23,805 | )
Financing activities |  |  | 2,733,901 |  |  |  | - |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | (4,890,877 | ) |  | $ | (9,823,821 | )

Operating Activities – Net cash used in operating activities of $7,624,778 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily due to our net loss of $10,914,174, offset by non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization expense and stock-based compensation expense, and by changes in our working capital accounts. Net cash used in operating activities of $9,800,016 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was primarily due to our net loss of $9,965,536, offset by non-cash items such as depreciation expense and stock-based compensation expense, and by changes in our working capital accounts.

Investing Activities – Net cash used in investing activities was $-0- and $23,805 for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and relates primarily to purchases of laboratory equipment.

Financing Activities – Net cash provided by financing activities was $2,733,901 and $-0- for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities for the 2024 period relates to net proceeds from issuance of notes payable, offerings of our common stock and warrants, and exercise of previously issued warrants.

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Funding Requirements and Sources of Capital

To date, we have not generated any product revenue. We do not know when, or if, we will generate any product revenue and we do not expect to generate significant product revenue unless and until we obtain regulatory approval and commercialize one of our current or future product candidates. We anticipate that we will continue to generate losses for the foreseeable future, and we expect the losses to increase as we continue the development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, our product candidates, and begin to commercialize any approved products. We are subject to all of the risks incident to the development of new products, and may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may harm our business. We anticipate that we will need substantial additional funding in connection with our continuing operations. We have funded our operations to date primarily from sales of our equity securities and from government grants and clinical trial assistance.

On July 12, 2024, we closed an offering of our common stock and warrants (see footnote 11 to the financial statements included in this Quarterly Report). Net proceeds to us after deducting placement agent commissions and other offering expenses were approximately $2.8 million.

As of the date of this Quarterly Report, our existing cash and cash equivalents are insufficient to fund our operations beyond the third quarter of 2024 without additional funding, which we are actively pursuing. We plan to pursue additional cash resources through public or private equity or debt financings, government grants/contracts, arrangements with strategic partners, or from other sources.

There can be no assurance that necessary funding will be available on favorable terms or at all. These factors collectively raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management believes that we will be successful in securing the additional capital required to continue the Company’s planned operations, but that our plans do not fully alleviate the substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to operate as a going concern.

We will need to continue to raise additional capital to support our future operating activities, including progression of our development programs, preparation for commercialization, and other operating costs. We may fund a significant portion of our ongoing operations through partnering and collaboration agreements which, while reducing our risks and extending our cash runway, will also reduce our share of eventual revenues, if any, from our vaccine candidates. We may be able to fund certain activities with assistance from government programs.

The sale of additional equity would result in additional dilution to our stockholders. We may also fund our operations through debt financing, which would result in debt service obligations, and the instruments governing such debt could provide for operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. If we are unable to raise additional capital in sufficient amounts or on acceptable terms, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce, or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market vaccine candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves. Any of these actions could harm our business, results of operations and prospects.

Our forecast of the period of time through which our financial resources will be adequate to support our operations is a forward-looking statement that involves risks and uncertainties and is based on assumptions that may prove to be wrong; actual results could vary materially. Our projection takes into consideration contractual commitments we have made, and expect to make, in the normal course of operating our business, which include (i) obligations to our employees, (ii) our lease obligations, (iii) payments due under license agreements for various technologies and patent rights associated with our product development activities, (iv) arrangements with contract research organizations (“CROs”), contract manufacturing organizations (“CMOs”), and other third-party vendors for clinical trials services and production of materials for use in our clinical trials, and (v) other various firm purchase commitments and contractual obligations related to production and testing of our product candidates and the general operation of our business.

We have based our projections of operating capital requirements on assumptions that may prove to be incorrect, and we may use our available capital resources sooner than we expect. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, which include but are not limited to:

| ● | the timing and costs of our ongoing and planned clinical trials;

| ● | the timing and costs of manufacturing material for use in clinical trials;

| ● | the number and scope of our research programs and the speed at which they are advanced;

| ● | the progress and success of our preclinical and clinical development activities;

| ● | the costs involved in prosecuting and enforcing patent claims and other intellectual property rights;

| ● | the costs to attract and retain skilled personnel;

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| ● | the costs to maintain and expand our infrastructure to support our operations, our product development, and planned future commercialization efforts;

| ● | the terms and timing of establishing and maintaining collaborations, licenses and other similar arrangements;

| ● | the costs associated with any products or technologies that we may in-license or acquire; and

| ● | the costs and timing of regulatory approvals.

Item 3 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

Item 4 | Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management has carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There were no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Controls

Management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.

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PART II -- OTHER INFORMATION

Item1 | Legal Proceedings

None.

Item 1A | Risk Factors

For information regarding factors that could affect our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity, see the risk factors discussed under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. See also “Forward-Looking Statements,” included in Part I - Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. As a smaller reporting company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act), we are not required to provide the information called for by this Item 1A concerning any material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10‑K.

Item 2 | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no sales of unregistered equity securities during the period covered by this report that have not previously been reported on Form 8-K.

Item 3 | Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4 | Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5 | Other Information

During the period covered by this report, none of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).

During the period covered by this report, there was no information required to be disclosed by us in a Current Report on Form 8-K that was not so reported, nor were there any material changes to the procedures by which our security holders may recommend nominees to our board of directors.

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Item 6 | Exhibits

Exhibit |
Number | Description
3.1 | Restated Certificate of Incorporation filed April 12, 2024 (3)
3.2. | Bylaws (5)
4.1 | Form of Pre-Funded Warrant, dated May 21, 2024 (4)
4.2 | Form of Common Warrant, dated May 21, 2024 (4)
4.3 | Form of Pre-Funded Warrant, dated July 12, 2024 (6)
4.4 | Form of Common Warrant, dated July 12, 2024 (6)
10.1* | RRPV Base Agreement No. 2024-564, dated April 2, 2024, by and between GeoVax, Inc. and Advanced Technology International
10.2* | RRPV Project Award No. 001, dated June 12, 2024, by and between Advanced Technology International (RRPV Consortium Management Firm) and GeoVax, Inc. (2)
10.3 | Securities Purchase Agreement, dated May 16, 2024 (4)
10.4 | Securities Purchase Agreement, dated July 11, 2024 (6)
31.1* | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
31.2* | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
32.1* | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2* | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document (1)
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (1)
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (1)
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (1)
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (1)
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (1)
104 | Inline XBRL for the cover page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and included in the Exhibit 101 Inline XBRL Document Set (1)

* | Filed herewith

** | Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

(1) | These interactive data files shall not be deemed filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to liability under these sections.

(2) | Pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K, certain confidential portions of this exhibit have been omitted as (i) the Company has determined the omitted information is not material and (ii) the Company customarily and actually treats the omitted information as private or confidential.

(3) | Incorporated by reference from the registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 14, 2024.

(4) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 21, 2024.

(5) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 23, 2024.

(6) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 12, 2024.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this quarterly report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | GEOVAX LABS, INC. (Registrant) |
Date: August 6, 2024 | By: | /s/ Mark W. Reynolds |
|  | Chief Financial Officer (duly authorized officer and principal financial officer) |

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