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Note 8 - Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Notes Tables |
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block] |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforward |  | $ | 25,527,210 |  |  | $ | 19,764,569 |
Research and development tax credit carryforward |  |  | 3,870,460 |  |  |  | 2,202,603 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 552,886 |  |  |  | 330,553 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 29,728 |  |  |  | 663,211 |
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | 29,980,284 |  |  |  | 22,960,936 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | 45,122 |  |  |  | 51,466 |
Net deferred tax assets |  |  | 29,935,162 |  |  |  | 22,909,470 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (29,935,162 | ) |  |  | (22,909,470 | )
Net deferred tax asset after reduction for valuation allowance |  | $ | -0- |  |  | $ | -0- |
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block] |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
U.S. federal statutory rate applied to pretax loss |  |  | 21.0 | % |  |  | 21.0 | %
State income tax (benefit) |  |  | 3.9 |  |  |  | 3.9 |
Permanent differences |  |  | (0.0 | ) |  |  | (0.0 | )
NOL carryforward expiration |  |  | (4.3 | ) |  |  | (15.6 | )
R&D tax credits, net of expiration |  |  | 6.4 |  |  |  | 4.6 |
Change in valuation allowance and other adjustments |  |  | (27.0 | ) |  |  | (13.9 | )
Effective tax rate |  |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 0.0 | %

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Paragraph 2 -Section 50 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Paragraph 12 -Section 50 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12 + Details
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