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Stockholders' Equity | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2016
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract] |
Stockholders' Equity | STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Warrants A summary of warrant activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 is presented as follows:
| Warrants Outstanding |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price During Period
Balance at December 31, 2015 | 14,250 |  |  | $ | 4.30 |
Exercised | — |  |  | — |
Canceled/forfeited | (7,500 | ) |  | 4.30 |
Expired | — |  |  | — |
Balance at September 30, 2016 | 6,750 |  |  | $ | 4.30 |
Exercisable at September 30, 2016 | — |  |  | $ | — |
Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation expense is attributable to stock options and restricted stock unit awards. For all stock-based awards, we recognize expense using a straight-line amortization method. The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense and the impact it had on operations for the periods presented (in thousands):
| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Cost of sales | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 29 |
Product development | 24 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 26 |
Selling, general, and administrative | 399 |  |  | 294 |  |  | 979 |  |  | 544 |
Total stock-based compensation | $ | 436 |  |  | $ | 315 |  |  | $ | 1,076 |  |  | $ | 599 |
Total unearned stock-based compensation was $1.6 million at September 30, 2016, compared to $1.4 million at September 30, 2015. These costs will be charged to expense and amortized on a straight-line basis in future periods. The weighted average period over which the unearned compensation at September 30, 2016 is expected to be recognized is approximately 1.9 years. Stock options The fair value of each stock option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Estimates utilized in the calculation include the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rate, and expected volatility, and are further comparatively detailed as follows:
| Nine months ended September 30,
| 2016 |  | 2015
Fair value of options issued | $ | 5.36 |  |  | $ | 5.18 |
Exercise price | $ | 7.59 |  |  | $ | 7.04 |
Expected life of option (in years) | 5.8 |  |  | 5.8 |
Risk-free interest rate | 1.6 | % |  | 1.7 | %
Expected volatility | 93.9 | % |  | 90.7 | %
Dividend yield | 0.0 | % |  | 0.0 | %
A summary of option activity under all plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 is presented as follows:
| Number of Options |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2015 | 602,207 |  |  | $ | 8.58 |  |  |
Granted | 159,568 |  |  | 7.42 |  |  |
Exercised | (68,307 | ) |  | 4.59 |  |  |
Canceled/forfeited | (103,289 | ) |  | 15.80 |  |  |
Expired | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Balance at September 30, 2016 | 590,179 |  |  | $ | 7.47 |  |  | 7.9
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2016 | 564,369 |  |  | $ | 7.50 |  |  | 7.8
Exercisable at September 30, 2016 | 414,023 |  |  | $ | 7.82 |  |  | 7.4
Restricted stock units A summary of restricted stock unit activity under all plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 is presented as follows:
| Restricted Stock Units |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2015 | 57,500 |  |  | $ | 7.31 |  |  |
Granted | 279,754 |  |  | 6.62 |  |  |
Released | (10,000 | ) |  | 15.08 |  |  |
Canceled/forfeited | (60,580 | ) |  | 6.96 |  |  |
Balance at September 30, 2016 | 266,674 |  |  | $ | 6.37 |  |  | 3.3

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- Definition The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 4 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27010918&loc=d3e74567-122707 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21484-112644 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 210 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6877327&loc=d3e13212-122682 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21488-112644 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(e)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=26873400&loc=d3e23780-122690 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 210 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6877327&loc=d3e13212-122682 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 4 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.C) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27012166&loc=d3e187143-122770 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 210 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6877327&loc=d3e13212-122682 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21506-112644 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(d)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=26873400&loc=d3e23780-122690 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27012166&loc=d3e187085-122770 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6405834&loc=d3e23285-112656 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21475-112644 Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Glossary Preferred Stock -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6521494 Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21463-112644 Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 11 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21564-112644 + Details
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