10-Q 1 a2019063010-qdocument.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
Form 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For the transition period from _____________ to _____________

Commission file number 001-36583
ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 94-3021850
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
32000 Aurora Road, Suite B, Solon, OH
(Address of principal executive offices)
44139
(Zip Code)
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code): (440) 715-1300
None
(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, If Changed Since Last Report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share | EFOI | NASDAQ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ |  | Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company ☑
|  | Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, as of September 10, 2019 was 12,370,030.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
|  |  | Page
ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| a. | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2019 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2018 | 4
| b. | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited) | 5
| c. | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited) | 6
| d. | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited) | 7
| e. | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited) | 8
| f. | Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 9
ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 22
ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 31
ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 31
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 33
ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS | 33
ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 33
ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES | 33
ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | 33
ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION | 33
ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS | 34
| SIGNATURES | 35

1

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Forward-looking statements
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to “Energy Focus,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company” or “the Company” refer to Energy Focus, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiary, and their respective predecessor entities for the applicable periods, considered as a single enterprise.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) includes statements that express our opinions, expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or projections regarding future events or future results and therefore are, or may be deemed to be, “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “feels,” “seeks,” “forecasts,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could” or “would” or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include all matters that are not historical facts. They appear in a number of places throughout this Quarterly Report and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs or current expectations concerning, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth, strategies, capital expenditures and the industry in which we operate.
By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. Although we base these forward-looking statements on assumptions that we believe are reasonable when made, we caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and industry developments may differ materially from statements made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and industry developments are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.
We believe that important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties outlined under “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and other matters described in this Quarterly Report generally. Some of these factors include:

• | our need for additional financing in the near term to continue our operations;

• | our ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time;

• | our ability to implement plans to increase sales and control expenses;

• | our reliance on a limited number of customers for a significant portion of our revenue, and our ability to maintain or grow such sales levels;

• | our ability to increase demand in our targeted markets and to manage sales cycles that are difficult to predict and may span several quarters;

• | the timing of large customer orders, significant expenses and fluctuations between demand and capacity as we invest in growth opportunities;

• | our ability to compete effectively against companies with lower cost structures or greater resources, or more rapid development efforts, and new competitors in our target markets;

• | our ability to successfully scale our network of sales representatives, agents, and distributors to match the sales reach of larger, established competitors;

• | market acceptance of our high-quality LED lighting technologies and products;

• | our ability to remediate our material weakness, maintain effective internal controls and otherwise comply with our obligations as a public company and under Nasdaq listing standards;

• | our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, and to do so in a timely manner;

• | the impact of any type of legal inquiry, claim, or dispute;

• | general economic conditions in the United States and in other markets in which we operate or secure products;

• | our dependence on military customers and on the levels and timing of government funding available to such customers, as well as the funding resources of our other customers in the public sector and commercial markets;

2

• | our reliance on a limited number of third-party suppliers, our ability to obtain critical components and finished products from such suppliers on acceptable terms, and the impact of our fluctuating demand on the stability of such suppliers;

• | our ability to timely and efficiently transport products from our third-party suppliers to our facility by ocean marine channels;

• | our ability to respond to new lighting technologies and market trends, and fulfill our warranty obligations with safe and reliable products;

• | any delays we may encounter in making new products available or fulfilling customer specifications;

• | any flaws or defects in our products or in the manner in which they are used or installed;

• | our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and other confidential information, and manage infringement claims by others;

• | our compliance with government contracting laws and regulations, through both direct and indirect sale channels, as well as other laws, such as those relating to the environment and health and safety; and

• | risks inherent in international markets, such as economic and political uncertainty, changing regulatory and tax requirements and currency fluctuations, including tariffs and other potential barriers to international trade.

In light of the foregoing, we caution you not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement that we make in this Quarterly Report speaks only as of the date of such statement, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or to publicly announce the results of any revision to any of those statements to reflect future events or developments, except as required by law. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends or indications of future performance, unless specifically expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data.
Energy Focus® is our registered trademark. We may also refer to trademarks of other corporations and organizations in this document.
3

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

| (Unaudited) |  |
| June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,207 |  |  | $ | 6,335 |
Trade accounts receivable, less allowances of $71 and $33, respectively | 1,805 |  |  | 2,201 |
Inventories, net | 7,667 |  |  | 8,058 |
Prepaid and other current assets | 533 |  |  | 1,094 |
Total current assets | 12,212 |  |  | 17,688 |
Property and equipment, net | 422 |  |  | 610 |
Operating lease, right-of-use asset | 1,541 |  |  | — |
Restructured lease, right-of-use asset | 469 |  |  | — |
Other assets | 225 |  |  | 194 |
Total assets | $ | 14,869 |  |  | $ | 18,492 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 2,000 |  |  | $ | 3,606 |
Accrued liabilities | 40 |  |  | 73 |
Accrued legal and professional fees | 74 |  |  | 160 |
Accrued payroll and related benefits | 214 |  |  | 435 |
Accrued sales commissions | 115 |  |  | 115 |
Accrued severance | 73 |  |  | 188 |
Accrued restructuring | 28 |  |  | 156 |
Accrued warranty reserve | 342 |  |  | 258 |
Deferred revenue | 13 |  |  | 30 |
Operating lease liabilities | 531 |  |  | — |
Restructured lease liabilities | 357 |  |  | — |
Finance lease liabilities | 3 |  |  | — |
Credit line borrowings | 1,652 |  |  | 2,219 |
Convertible notes | 1,700 |  |  | — |
Total current liabilities | 7,142 |  |  | 7,240 |
Other liabilities | 29 |  |  | 200 |
Operating lease liabilities | 1,210 |  |  | — |
Restructured lease liabilities | 331 |  |  | — |
Finance lease liabilities | 5 |  |  | — |
Total liabilities | 8,717 |  |  | 7,440 |
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share: |  |  |
Authorized: 2,000,000 shares in 2019 and 2018 |  |  |
Issued and outstanding: no shares in 2019 and 2018 | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share: |  |  |
Authorized: 30,000,000 shares in 2019 and 2018 |  |  |
Issued and outstanding: 12,370,030 at June 30, 2019 and 12,090,695 at December 31, 2018 | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Additional paid-in capital | 128,774 |  |  | 128,367 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (3 | ) |  | (1 | )
Accumulated deficit | (122,620 | ) |  | (117,315 | )
Total stockholders' equity | 6,152 |  |  | 11,052 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 14,869 |  |  | $ | 18,492 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net sales | $ | 3,082 |  |  | $ | 5,172 |  |  | $ | 6,259 |  |  | $ | 9,831 |
Cost of sales | 3,191 |  |  | 3,876 |  |  | 6,270 |  |  | 7,719 |
Gross profit (loss) | (109 | ) |  | 1,296 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | 2,112 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product development | 318 |  |  | 673 |  |  | 844 |  |  | 1,302 |
Selling, general, and administrative | 1,594 |  |  | 2,421 |  |  | 3,835 |  |  | 5,068 |
Restructuring | 128 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 262 |  |  | (47 | )
Total operating expenses | 2,040 |  |  | 3,097 |  |  | 4,941 |  |  | 6,323 |
Loss from operations | (2,149 | ) |  | (1,801 | ) |  | (4,952 | ) |  | (4,211 | )
Other expenses (income): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 26 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 2 |
Other expenses (income) | 79 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 98 |  |  | (19 | )
Net loss | $ | (2,254 | ) |  | $ | (1,804 | ) |  | $ | (5,119 | ) |  | $ | (4,194 | )
Net loss per share - basic and diluted | $ | (0.18 | ) |  | $ | (0.15 | ) |  | $ | (0.42 | ) |  | $ | (0.35 | )
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted | 12,336 |  |  | 11,949 |  |  | 12,231 |  |  | 11,925 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net loss | $ | (2,254 | ) |  | $ | (1,804 | ) |  | $ | (5,119 | ) |  | $ | (4,194 | )
Other comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (2 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (3 | )
Comprehensive loss | $ | (2,256 | ) |  | $ | (1,808 | ) |  | $ | (5,121 | ) |  | $ | (4,197 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)

|  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2017 |  | 11,869 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 127,493 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (108,204 | ) |  | $ | 19,292 |
Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans |  | 74 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock withheld in lieu of income tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units |  | (12 | ) |  | — |  |  | (32 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32 | )
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 195 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 195 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2018 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,390 | ) |  | (2,390 | )
Balance at March 31, 2018 |  | 11,931 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 127,656 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (110,594 | ) |  | $ | 17,066 |
Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans |  | 119 |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |
Common stock withheld in lieu of income tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7 | )
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 235 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 235 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | )
Net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2018 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,804 | ) |  | (1,804 | )
Balance at June 30, 2018 |  | 12,047 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 127,906 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (112,398 | ) |  | $ | 15,508 |
Balance at December 31, 2018 |  | 12,091 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 128,367 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (117,315 | ) |  | $ | 11,052 |
Adjustment to beginning retained earnings upon adoption of Topic 842 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (186 | ) |  | (186 | )
Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans |  | 150 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock withheld in lieu of income tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units |  | (50 | ) |  | — |  |  | (111 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (111 | )
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 543 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 543 |
Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2019 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,865 | ) |  | (2,865 | )
Balance at March 31, 2019 |  | 12,191 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 128,799 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (120,366 | ) |  | $ | 8,433 |
Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans |  | 179 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock withheld in lieu of income tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | )
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2019 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,254 | ) |  | (2,254 | )
Balance at June 30, 2019 |  | 12,370 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 128,774 |  |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | (122,620 | ) |  | $ | 6,152 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
7

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Six months ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (5,119 | ) |  | $ | (4,194 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation | 200 |  |  | 294 |
Stock-based compensation | 523 |  |  | 430 |
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable | 38 |  |  | (11 | )
Provision for slow-moving and obsolete inventories and valuation reserves | (303 | ) |  | (409 | )
Provision for warranties | 106 |  |  | 15 |
Amortization of loan origination fees | 45 |  |  | — |
Loss (gain) on dispositions of property and equipment | 15 |  |  | (15 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 358 |  |  | 237 |
Inventories | 693 |  |  | 388 |
Prepaid and other assets | 447 |  |  | (435 | )
Accounts payable | (1,526 | ) |  | 1,471 |
Accrued and other liabilities | (580 | ) |  | (79 | )
Deferred revenue | (17 | ) |  | 8 |
Total adjustments | (1 | ) |  | 1,894 |
Net cash used in operating activities | (5,120 | ) |  | (2,300 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Acquisitions of property and equipment | (28 | ) |  | (57 | )
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment | — |  |  | 240 |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (28 | ) |  | 183 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from exercises of stock options and employee stock purchase plan purchases | — |  |  | 21 |
Common stock withheld to satisfy income tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units | (116 | ) |  | (39 | )
Principal payments under finance lease obligations | (1 | ) |  | — |
Proceeds from convertible notes | 1,700 |  |  | — |
Net repayments on credit line borrowings | (568 | ) |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 1,015 |  |  | (18 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | 5 |  |  | (7 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (4,128 | ) |  | (2,142 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 6,335 |  |  | 10,761 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 2,207 |  |  | $ | 8,619 |
Classification of cash and cash equivalents: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,865 |  |  | $ | 8,277 |
Restricted cash held | $ | 342 |  |  | $ | 342 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 2,207 |  |  | $ | 8,619 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
8

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Energy Focus, Inc. and its subsidiary engage in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing and sale of energy-efficient lighting systems. We develop, market and sell high quality energy-efficient light-emitting diode (“LED”) lighting products in the commercial and military markets. Our mission is to enable our customers to run their facilities with greater energy efficiency, productivity, and wellness through advanced LED retrofit solutions. Our goal is to be the retrofit technology and market leader for the most demanding applications where performance, quality and health really matter. We specialize in LED lighting retrofit by replacing fluorescent lamps in institutional buildings and high-intensity discharge (“HID”) lighting in low-bay and high-bay applications with our innovative, high-quality commercial and military tubular LED (“TLED”) and other LED products.
Product development is a key focus for us. Our product development team is dedicated to developing and designing leading-edge technology LED lighting products based upon the voice of the customer.
NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiary, Energy Focus LED Solutions, LLC, which is not active. Unless indicated otherwise, the information in the accompanying financial statements and notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements relates to our continuing operations.
We have prepared the accompanying financial data for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The accompanying financial data and information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (“2018 Annual Report”). The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2018 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
Other than the adoption of the new lease accounting standard, there have been no other material changes to our significant accounting policies, as compared to those described in our 2018 Annual Report.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact us in the future, actual results may vary from the estimates. Estimates include, but are not limited to, the establishment of reserves for accounts receivable, sales returns, inventory obsolescence and warranty claims; the useful lives of property and equipment; valuation allowance for net deferred
9

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
taxes; the cost and offsetting income related to subleased property; and stock-based compensation. In addition, estimates and assumptions associated with the determination of the fair value of financial instruments and evaluation of long-lived assets for impairment requires considerable judgment. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts related to warranty accruals and settlements were reclassified to conform to current period reporting presentation with no impact on financial position, loss from operations or cash used in operations.
Certain risks and concentrations
We have certain customers whose net sales individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net sales, or whose net trade accounts receivable balance individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net trade accounts receivable, as follows:
For the three months ended June 30, 2019, sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy and a regional commercial lighting retrofit company located in Texas accounted for approximately 13 percent and 26 percent of net sales, respectively. When sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy are combined with sales to a shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy, total net sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 20 percent of net sales for the same period. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy, a global healthcare provider located in Northeast Ohio, and a regional commercial lighting retrofit company located in Texas accounted for approximately 29 percent, 15 percent and 11 percent of net sales, respectively. When sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy are combined with sales to a shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy, total net sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 33 percent of net sales for the same period.
For the six months ended June 30, 2019, sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy and a regional commercial lighting retrofit company located in Texas accounted for approximately 17 percent and 28 percent of net sales, respectively. When sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy are combined with sales to a shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy, total net sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 26 percent of net sales for the same period. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy and a global healthcare provider located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 37 percent and 12 percent of net sales, respectively. When sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy are combined with sales to a shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy, total net sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 41 percent of net sales for the same period.
A regional commercial lighting retrofit company located in Texas and our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy accounted for approximately 26 percent and 13 percent of net trade accounts receivable, respectively, at June 30, 2019. At December 31, 2018, our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy accounted for approximately 40 percent of net trade accounts receivable.
Recent accounting pronouncements
In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-15, Intangibles--Goodwill and Other--Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs in a cloud computing service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred for an internal-use software license. This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which significantly changes the accounting for credit losses on instruments within its scope. The new guidance introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain financial instruments,
10

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
including trade receivables, and requires an entity to recognize an allowance based on its estimate of expected credit losses rather than incurred losses. This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and will generally require adoption on a modified retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.
Adoption of recent accounting pronouncement
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which supersedes the current lease accounting requirements. Additionally, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which simplifies adoption of Topic 842 by allowing an additional transition method that will not require restatement of prior periods and providing a new practical expedient for lessors to avoid separating lease and non-lease components within a contract if certain criteria are met (provisions of which must be elected upon adoption of Topic 842). The new standard requires a lessee to record on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. It also requires lessees to disclose certain key information about lease transactions. Upon implementation, an entity’s lease payment obligations will be recognized at their estimated present value along with a corresponding right-of-use asset. Lease expense recognition will be generally consistent with current practice.
The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2019 using the required modified retrospective method with the non-comparative transition option. The Company applied the transitional package of practical expedients allowed by the standard to not reassess the identification, classification and initial direct costs of leases commencing before this ASU’s effective date. The Company also applied the lease term and impairment hindsight transitional practical expedients. The Company has chosen to apply the following accounting policy practical expedients: to not separate lease and non-lease components to new leases as well as existing leases through transition; and the election to not apply recognition requirements of the guidance to short-term leases.
The results for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019 are presented under Topic 842, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with legacy generally accepted accounting principles.
On adoption, we recognized additional operating lease liabilities of approximately $2.9 million, with corresponding right-of-use assets based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments for our existing operating leases. The operating lease right-of-use assets recorded upon adoption were offset by the carrying value of liabilities previously recorded under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (“Topic 420”) and impairment charges totaling $273 thousand and $186 thousand, respectively. Refer to Note 6, “Leases” below for additional disclosures relating to the Company’s leasing arrangements.
Revenue
On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as amended by subsequently issued additional guidance (together, “Topic 606”) using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of Topic 606 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations, as our revenue arrangements generally consist of a single performance obligation to transfer promised goods at a fixed price.
11

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
Net sales include revenues from sales of products and shipping and handling charges, net of estimates for product returns. Revenue is measured at the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for the transferred products. We recognize revenue at the point in time when we transfer the promised products to the customer and the customer obtains control over the products. We recognize revenue for shipping and handling charges at the time the goods are shipped to the customer, and the costs of outbound freight are included in cost of sales, as we have elected the practical expedient included in Topic 606. We provide for product returns based on historical return rates. While we incur costs for sales commissions to our sales employees and outside agents, we recognize commission costs concurrent with the related revenue, as the amortization period is less than one year and we have elected the practical expedient included in Topic 606. We do not incur any other incremental costs to obtain contracts with our customers. Our product warranties are assurance-type warranties, which promise the customer that the products are as specified in the contract. Therefore, the product warranties are not a separate performance obligation and are accounted for as described below. Sales taxes assessed by governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and are excluded from net sales.
The following table provides a disaggregation of product net sales for the periods presented (in thousands):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 2,131 |  |  | $ | 2,972 |  |  | $ | 4,114 |  |  | $ | 5,177 |
Military | 951 |  |  | 2,200 |  |  | 2,145 |  |  | 4,654 |
Total net sales | $ | 3,082 |  |  | $ | 5,172 |  |  | $ | 6,259 |  |  | $ | 9,831 |

Accounts Receivable
Our trade accounts receivable consists of amounts billed to and currently due from customers. Credit is extended to customers based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and the amounts due are stated at their estimated net realizable value. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable to provide for the estimated amount of receivables that will not be collected. The allowance is based on an assessment of customer creditworthiness and historical payment experience, the age of outstanding receivables, and performance guarantees to the extent applicable. Past due amounts are written off on an actual basis when our internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful. Our standard payment terms with customers are net 30 days, and we do not generally offer extended payment terms to our customers, but exceptions are made in some cases to major customers or with particular orders. Accordingly, we do not adjust trade accounts receivable for the effects of financing, as we expect the period between the transfer of product to the customer and the receipt of payment from the customer to be in line with our standard payment terms.
Geographic information
Approximately 97 percent of our long-lived fixed assets are located in the United States, with the remainder located in our recently closed product development center in Taiwan. There were no net sales attributable to customers outside the United States for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and such sales were approximately 5 percent of net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Net sales attributable to customers outside the United States accounted for less than one percent and three percent of our total net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The geographic location of our net sales is derived from the destination to which we ship the product.
Net loss per share
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted loss per share
12

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares consist of incremental shares upon the exercise of stock options or release of restricted stock units unless the effect would be anti-dilutive.
As a result of the net loss we incurred for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, approximately 28 thousand and 66 thousand potentially dilutive equity awards, respectively, were excluded from the net loss per share calculation, as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. As a result of the net loss we incurred for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, approximately 87 thousand and 83 thousand potentially dilutive equity awards, respectively, were excluded from the net loss per share calculation for this same reason. Therefore, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the basic weighted average shares outstanding were used in calculating diluted loss per share.
The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted net loss per share computations for the periods presented below (in thousands):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (2,254 | ) |  | $ | (1,804 | ) |  | $ | (5,119 | ) |  | $ | (4,194 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding | 12,336 |  |  | 11,949 |  |  | 12,231 |  |  | 11,925 |
Potential common shares from equity awards and warrants | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Diluted weighted average shares | 12,336 |  |  | 11,949 |  |  | 12,231 |  |  | 11,925 |

Product warranties
Through March 31, 2016, we warranted finished goods against defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for periods generally between one and five years. Beginning April 1, 2016, we warrant our commercial LED tubes, globes, and troffer luminaires for a period of ten years and all glass tubes and fixtures for five years. Warranty settlement costs consist of actual amounts expensed for warranty, which are largely a result of the cost of replacement products provided to our customers. A liability for the estimated future costs under product warranties is maintained for products under warranty based on the actual claims incurred to date and the estimated nature, frequency, and costs of future claims. These estimates are inherently uncertain and changes to our historical or projected experience may cause material changes to our warranty reserves in the future. We continuously review the assumptions related to the adequacy of our warranty reserve, including product failure rates, and make adjustments to the existing warranty liability when there are changes to these estimates or the underlying replacement product costs, or the warranty period expires. The following table summarizes warranty activity for the periods presented (in thousands):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 352 |  |  | $ | 141 |  |  | $ | 258 |  |  | $ | 174 |
Warranty accruals for current period sales | 17 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 15 |
Adjustments to existing warranties | (12 | ) |  | 55 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 54 |
In kind settlements made during the period | (15 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | (47 | )
Accrued warranty reserve | $ | 342 |  |  | $ | 196 |  |  | $ | 342 |  |  | $ | 196 |

13

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
NOTE 3. RESTRUCTURING
During the first half of 2019, we implemented phased actions to reduce costs in order to minimize cash usage while continuing to pursue strategic alternatives. The actions taken were limited to an initial phase while the options under strategic review were considered and evaluated, including the issuance of subordinated convertible notes as discussed in Note 7, “Debt.”
Our initial actions included the elimination of twelve positions (three during the first quarter of 2019 and nine during the second quarter of 2019), costs associated with closing our offices in San Jose, California and Taipei, Taiwan during the first half of 2019, restructuring of the sales organization and incentive plan, flattening of the senior management team, additional operational streamlining, management compensation reductions, and outsourcing of certain functions including warehousing and marketing. In connection with these actions, we recorded severance and related benefits charges of $0.1 million during the first quarter of 2019 and $0.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019.
For the six months ended June 30, 2018, we recorded net restructuring credits totaling approximately $(47) thousand, primarily related to the revision of our initial estimates of the cost and offsetting sublease income for the remaining lease obligations for the former New York, New York and Arlington, Virginia offices. For additional information regarding the restructuring actions taken as part of the 2017 restructuring plan, please refer to Note 3, “Restructuring,” included under Item 8 of our 2018 Annual Report.
Our restructuring liabilities consist of estimated ongoing costs related to long-term operating lease obligations, which the Company has exited. The recorded value of the ongoing lease obligations is based on the remaining lease term and payment amount, discounted to present value. Changes in subsequent periods resulting from a revision to either the timing or the amount of estimated cash flows over the future period are measured using the credit adjusted, risk free rate that was used to measure the restructuring liabilities initially. Please also refer to Note 6, “Leases” as certain amounts formerly included below in the restructuring reserve as of December 31, 2018, have been reclassified on the balance sheet to be shown netted against the restructured lease, right-of-use asset in accordance with Topic 842.
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our restructuring liability as it relates to the 2017 restructuring plan (in thousands):

| Facilities
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 350 |
Accretion of lease obligations | 3 |
Reclassification upon adoption of Topic 842 | (273 | )
Payments | (24 | )
Balance at June 30, 2019 | $ | 56 |

The following is a reconciliation of the ending balance of our restructuring liability at June 30, 2019 to the balance sheet:

| Restructuring Liability
Balance at June 30, 2019 | $ | 56 |
Less, short-term restructuring liability | 28 |
Long-term restructuring liability, included in other liabilities | $ | 28 |

14

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
At June 30, 2019 we had $2.2 million in cash and cash equivalents, which includes $0.3 million restricted cash held, and total debt of $3.4 million, including $1.7 million outstanding on the revolving credit facility we entered into on December 11, 2018 and $1.7 million in subordinated convertible notes we entered into on March 29, 2019. Please refer to Note 7, “Debt” for more information on the additional financing we received on March 29, 2019 to fund our near-term operations.
As a result of the restructuring actions and initiatives described above, we have reduced our operating expenses to be more commensurate with our sales volumes, however, we continue to incur losses and have a substantial accumulated deficit, and
substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern continues to exist at June 30, 2019.
Since the executive transition on April 1, 2019, we have continued to evaluate and assess strategic options as we seek to achieve a profitable business model and maximize value for our stockholders. Our plans to achieve profitability include continuing to develop new technologies into sustainable product lines that allow us to effectively compete to expand our customer base, execute our marketing and sales plans, evaluate our optimal organizational structure, and continue to improve our supply chain and organizational structure. The restructuring and cost cutting initiatives implemented during 2017 and 2019 were designed to allow us to effectively execute this strategy; however, our efforts may not occur as quickly as we envision or be successful, due to the long sales cycle in our industry, the corresponding time required to ramp up sales from new products into this sales cycle, the timing of introductions of additional new products, significant competition, and potential volatility given our customer concentration, among other factors. As a result, we will continue to review and pursue selected external funding sources to ensure adequate financial resources to execute across the timelines required to achieve these objectives including, but not limited to, the following:
•obtaining financing from traditional or non-traditional investment capital organizations or individuals; and
•obtaining funding from the sale of our common stock or other equity or debt instruments.
There can be no assurance that we will obtain funding on acceptable terms, in a timely fashion, or at all. Obtaining additional funding contains risks, including:

• | additional equity financing may not be available to us on satisfactory terms and any equity we are able to issue could lead to dilution for current stockholders and have rights, preferences and privileges senior to our common stock;

• | loans or other debt instruments may have terms and/or conditions, such as interest rate, restrictive covenants, conversion features, and control or revocation provisions, which are not acceptable to management or our board of directors; and

• | the current environment in capital markets combined with our capital constraints may prevent us from being able to obtain adequate debt financing.

If we fail to obtain the required additional financing to sustain our business before we are able to produce levels of revenue to meet our financial needs, we will need to delay, scale back or eliminate our business plan and further reduce our operating costs and headcount, each of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, future prospects, and financial condition. A lack of additional funding could also result in our inability to continue as a going concern and force us to sell certain assets or discontinue or curtail our operations and, as a result, investors in the Company could lose their entire investment.
Considering both quantitative and qualitative information, we continue to believe that the combination of our plans to obtain additional external funding, restructuring actions, current financial position, liquid resources, obligations due or anticipated within the next year, executive reorganization, development and implementation of an excess inventory plan, and implementation of our product development and sales channel strategy, if adequately executed, will provide us with an ability to finance our operations through 2020 and will mitigate the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
On May 15, 2019, we received a letter from the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) advising us that for 30 consecutive trading days preceding the date of the letter, the bid price of our common stock had closed below the $1.00 per share minimum required for continued listing on the The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to listing rules, and therefore we could be subject to delisting if we did not regain compliance within the compliance period (or the compliance period as may be extended). We continue to monitor and evaluate our options to cure this deficiency within the compliance period.
On August 23, 2019, the Company received a notification dated August 21, 2019 from the Nasdaq informing the Company that it was not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1) which requires listed companies to timely file all required
15

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
periodic financial reports with the SEC. The Nasdaq notification letter specifies that the Company has 60 calendar days, or until no later than October 21, 2019, to submit a plan to regain compliance with the Listing Rule. The Company has since filed this Quarterly Report and is now in compliance as of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report.
NOTE 4. INVENTORIES
Inventories are stated at the lower of standard cost (which approximates actual cost determined using the first-in, first-out cost method) or net realizable value, and consist of the following (in thousands):

| June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Raw materials | $ | 4,285 |  |  | $ | 4,041 |
Finished goods | 7,292 |  |  | 8,229 |
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow-moving inventories and valuation reserves - Raw Materials | (1,132 | ) |  | (1,261 | )
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow-moving inventories and valuation reserves - Finished Goods | (2,778 | ) |  | (2,951 | )
Inventories, net | $ | 7,667 |  |  | $ | 8,058 |

NOTE 5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT AND ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets and consist of the following (in thousands):

| June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Equipment (useful life 3 to 15 years) | $ | 1,451 |  |  | $ | 1,511 |
Tooling (useful life 2 to 5 years) | 394 |  |  | 371 |
Vehicles (useful life 5 years) | 47 |  |  | 47 |
Furniture and fixtures (useful life 5 years) | 137 |  |  | 137 |
Computer software (useful life 3 years) | 1,043 |  |  | 1,043 |
Leasehold improvements (the shorter of useful life or lease life) | 211 |  |  | 211 |
Finance lease right-of-use asset | 13 |  |  | — |
Projects in progress | 45 |  |  | 55 |
Property and equipment at cost | 3,341 |  |  | 3,375 |
Less: accumulated depreciation | (2,919 | ) |  | (2,765 | )
Property and equipment, net | $ | 422 |  |  | $ | 610 |

Depreciation expense was $0.1 million for each of the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. Depreciation expense was $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
During the first quarter of 2018, we completed the sale of the equipment that we previously classified as held for sale. We received net proceeds from the sale of $0.2 million and recognized a gain on the sale of approximately $18 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The gain on the sale is classified on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations under the caption, “Other (income) expense.”
NOTE 6. LEASES
The Company leases certain equipment, manufacturing, warehouse and office space under non-cancellable operating leases expiring through 2024 under which it is responsible for related maintenance, taxes and insurance. The Company has one finance lease containing a bargain purchase option upon expiration of lease in 2022. The lease term consists of the non-cancellable period of the lease, periods covered by options to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise the option, and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise the
16

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
option. The present value of the remaining lease obligation for these leases was calculated using an incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) of 7.25%, which was the Company’s borrowing rate on the revolving credit agreement signed on December 11, 2018. The weighted average remaining lease term for operating, restructuring and finance leases is three years, two years, and three years, respectively.
The Company has two restructured leases with sub-lease components for the New York, New York and Arlington, Virginia offices that were closed in 2017. The New York, New York lease expires in 2021 and the Arlington, Virginia lease expires in 2019. At the “cease use” date in 2017, the Company recorded the present value of the future minimum payments under the leases and costs that continue to be incurred with no economic benefit to the Company in accordance with Topic 420. The Company entered into sub-leases for both offices and included the estimated sub-lease payments as an offset to the remaining lease obligations, as required by Topic 420. In adopting Topic 842, the carrying value of the aforementioned net liabilities has been reclassified as a reduction of the restructured lease, right-of-use asset, which totaled $273 thousand as of January 1, 2019. As part of the lease agreement for the New York, New York office, there is $0.3 million in a restricted cash account held at Key Bank which represents collateral against the related Letter of Credit issued as part of this agreement.
The restructured leases and sub-leases were not scoped out of the requirements of Topic 842 and were evaluated for impairment in accordance with the asset impairment provisions of ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (“Topic 360”). The Company concluded its net right-of-use assets were not impaired. The Company continues to carry certain immaterial operating expenses associated with these leases as restructuring liabilities and will continue to accrete those liabilities in accordance with Topic 420, as has been done since the cease use date in 2017.
Due to the continued net losses, going concern, and 2019 restructuring actions discussed in Note 3, “Restructuring,” the Company also evaluated its Solon, Ohio operating lease right-of-use asset for potential impairment under Topic 360. As a result of this evaluation, the Company determined that the operating lease right-of-use asset for the Solon, Ohio operating lease was impaired upon the adoption of Topic 842. Therefore, the Company recorded an impairment of this right-of-use asset of approximately $0.2 million, with a corresponding offset to accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2019.
Components of the operating, restructured and finance lease costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2019
Operating lease cost |  |  |  |
Sublease income |  | $ | (25 | ) |  | $ | (50 | )
Lease cost |  | 171 |  |  | 318 |
Operating lease cost, net |  | 146 |  |  | 268 |
Restructured lease cost |  |  |  |
Sublease income |  | (111 | ) |  | (223 | )
Lease cost |  | 107 |  |  | 216 |
Restructured lease cost, net |  | (4 | ) |  | (7 | )
Finance lease cost |  |  |  |
Interest on lease liabilities |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Finance lease cost, net |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Total lease cost, net |  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | 262 |

17

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating and finance leases as of June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

|  |  | June 30,
|  |  | 2019
Operating Leases |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | $ | 1,541 |
Restructured lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 469 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, total |  |  | 2,010 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 1,741 |
Restructured lease liabilities |  |  | 688 |
Operating lease liabilities, total |  |  | 2,429 |
Finance Leases |  |  |
Property and equipment |  |  | 13 |
Allowances for depreciation |  |  | (5 | )
Finance lease assets, net |  |  | 8 |
Finance lease liabilities |  |  | 8 |
Total finance lease liabilities |  |  | $ | 8 |

Future minimum lease payments required under operating, restructured and finance leases for each of the 12-month rolling periods below in effect at June 30, 2019 are as follows:

|  |  | Operating Leases | Restructured Leases | Restructured Leases Sublease Payments |  | Finance Lease
July 2019 to June 2020 |  |  | $ | 637 |  | $ | 391 |  | $ | (316 | ) |  | 3 |
July 2020 to June 2021 |  |  | 637 |  | 342 |  | (273 | ) |  | 3 |
July 2021 to June 2022 |  |  | 637 |  | — |  | — |  |  | 2 |
July 2022 to June 2023 |  |  | 15 |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |
July 2023 to June 2024 |  |  | 9 |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |
Total future undiscounted lease payments |  |  | 1,935 |  | 733 |  | (589 | ) |  | 8 |
Less imputed interest |  |  | (194 | ) | (45 | ) | 36 |  |  | — |
Total lease obligations |  |  | $ | 1,741 |  | $ | 688 |  | $ | (553 | ) |  | $ | 8 |

18

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the six months ended June 30, 2019, was as follows (in thousands):

|  |  | Six months ended June 30,
|  |  | 2019
Supplemental cash flow information |  |  |
Cash paid, net, for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  |  | $ | 268 |
Operating cash flows from restructured leases |  |  | $ | 47 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases |  |  | $ | 1 |

NOTE 7. DEBT
Credit facility
As of June 30, 2019, borrowings under our revolving line of credit (“Credit Facility”) with Austin Financial Services were $1.7 million and are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as a current liability under the caption, “Credit line borrowings.” Unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Credit Facility were $0.1 million at June 30, 2019. These costs are recorded as current and long-term assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and have not been netted against the liability due to immateriality. The borrowing rate as of June 30, 2019 was 7.50%. At June 30, 2019, we had $0.3 million available for us to borrow under the Credit Facility. Additional information regarding our Credit Facility is included in Note 9, “Debt” to our 2018 Annual Report which was filed with the SEC on April 1, 2019.
Debt
On March 29, 2019, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with Fusion Park LLC, F&S Electronic Technology (HK) Co., Ltd, Brilliant Start Enterprise Inc., Vittorio Viarengo and Amaury Furmin (collectively the “Investors”) for the purchase of an aggregate $1.7 million in subordinated convertible promissory notes (the “Notes”). The Notes, which were issued to the Investors on March 29, 2019 and amended on May 29, 2019, have a maturity date of December 31, 2021 and bear interest at a rate of 5 percent per annum until June 30, 2019, and at a rate of 10 percent thereafter. The outstanding principal amount of each Note, together with accrued interest (such principal and interest, the “Aggregate Outstanding Amount”), is convertible into shares of Series A Preferred Stock at a “Conversion Rate” determined by the arithmetic average of the volume-weighted average closing price of the Common Stock measured over a specified ten-trading-day period that ended on April 16, 2019, which equaled $0.67 per share. To calculate the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock into which each Note may convert, the Aggregate Outstanding Amount of such Note will be divided by the Conversion Rate.
The Notes will automatically convert into shares of Series A Preferred Stock at the conversion rate on the first business day following the date that the Company’s stockholders approve the transactions contemplated by the Notes, including (a) the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon conversion of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock in excess of the number of shares of Common Stock permitted by NASDAQ Marketplace Rules, and (b) the increase in the number of authorized and available shares of Series A Preferred Stock pursuant to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended.
The Company has accounted for this equity-linked hybrid instrument in accordance with applicable U.S. GAAP and, per analysis of the terms of the agreement, has determined it to be a debt-related instrument that does not require the equity-linked component to be bifurcated. The Company has recorded the Notes as short-term debt at cost in the amount of $1.7 million, as we expect the Notes to convert in less than 12 months. The issuance costs will be deferred and amortized until such time as the Notes convert. Unamortized debt issuance costs were $60 thousand at June 30, 2019. These costs are recorded as current and long-term assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and have not been netted against the liability due to immateriality.
19

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
NOTE 8. INCOME TAXES
As a result of the operating loss incurred during each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and after the application of the annual limitation set forth under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”), it was not necessary to record a provision for U.S. federal income tax or various states income taxes.
At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had a full valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance was recorded due to uncertainties related to our ability to realize the deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of certain net operating loss carry-forwards. The valuation allowance is based on management’s estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction and the periods over which the deferred tax assets will be recoverable.
At December 31, 2018, we had a net operating loss carry-forward of approximately $100.5 million for U.S. federal, state, and local income tax purposes. However, due to changes in our capital structure, approximately $46.0 million of the net operating loss carry-forward is available to offset future taxable income, and after the application of the limitations found under Section 382 of the IRC, we expect to have approximately $46.0 million of this amount available for use in 2019. If not used, these carry-forwards will begin to expire in 2021 for federal and have begun to expire for state and local purposes. For a full discussion of the estimated restrictions on our utilization of net operating loss carry-forwards, please refer to Note 12, “Income Taxes,” included under Item 8 of our 2018 Annual Report.
NOTE 9. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation expense is attributable to stock options and restricted stock unit awards. For all stock-based awards, we recognize expense using a straight-line amortization method.
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense (income) and the impact it had on operations for the periods presented (in thousands):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Cost of sales | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 19 |
Product development | (6 | ) |  | 30 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 55 |
Selling, general, and administrative | (14 | ) |  | 195 |  |  | 494 |  |  | 356 |
Total stock-based compensation | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | 430 |

Total unearned stock-based compensation was $0.1 million at June 30, 2019, compared to $1.3 million at June 30, 2018. These costs will be charged to expense and amortized on a straight-line basis in future periods. The weighted average period over which the unearned compensation at June 30, 2019 is expected to be recognized is approximately 1.3 years.
Pursuant to agreements dated March 29, 2019, and effective April 1, 2019, Theodore L. Tewksbury III resigned as Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President, and Jerry Turin resigned as Chief Financial Officer and Secretary. In accordance with their separation agreements, Theodore Tewksbury’s outstanding restricted stock units vested immediately and one-third of Jerry Turin’s outstanding restricted stock units vested immediately. Any stock options vested for Theodore Tewskbury as of April 1, 2019, shall remain exercisable for one year following. All unvested stock options were cancelled. The impact of the accelerated vesting of the restricted stock units and cancellation of the stock options was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and totaled $0.3 million.
20

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
Stock options
The fair value of each stock option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Estimates utilized in the calculation include the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rate, and expected volatility, and are further comparatively detailed as follows:

| Six months ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Fair value of options issued | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1.74 |
Exercise price | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2.46 |
Expected life of options (in years) | — |  |  | 5.8 |
Risk-free interest rate | — | % |  | 2.3 | %
Expected volatility | — | % |  | 84.3 | %
Dividend yield | 0.0 | % |  | 0.0 | %

A summary of option activity under all plans for the six months ended June 30, 2019 is presented as follows:

| Number of Options |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 292,871 |  |  | $ | 3.78 |  |  |
Canceled/forfeited | (129,896 | ) |  | 2.67 |  |  |
Balance at June 30, 2019 | 162,975 |  |  | $ | 4.67 |  |  | 5.5
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2019 | 162,629 |  |  | $ | 4.67 |  |  | 5.5
Exercisable at June 30, 2019 | 157,701 |  |  | $ | 4.72 |  |  | 5.5

21

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
Restricted stock units
A summary of restricted stock unit activity under all plans for the six months ended June 30, 2019 is presented as follows:

| Restricted Stock Units |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 546,858 |  |  | $ | 2.54 |  |  |
Granted | 27,187 |  |  | 1.16 |  |  |
Released | (377,894 | ) |  | 2.54 |  |  |
Canceled/forfeited | (152,441 | ) |  | 2.32 |  |  |
Balance at June 30, 2019 | 43,710 |  |  | $ | 2.62 |  |  | 1.5

NOTE 10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
We may be the subject of threatened or pending legal actions and contingencies in the normal course of conducting our business. We provide for the costs related to these matters when a loss is probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The effect of the outcome of these matters on our future results of operations and liquidity cannot be predicted because any such effect depends on future results of operations and the amount or timing of the resolution of such matters. For certain types of claims, we maintain insurance coverage for personal injury and property damage, product liability and other liability coverages in amounts and with deductibles that we believe are prudent, but there can be no assurance that these coverages will be applicable or adequate to cover adverse outcomes of claims or legal proceedings against us.
As of June 30, 2019, we had approximately $0.9 million in outstanding purchase commitments for inventory. Of this amount, approximately $0.6 million is expected to ship in the third quarter of 2019 with the balance expected to ship in the fourth quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2020.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes thereto, included under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, as well as the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included under Item 7 of our 2018 Annual Report.
Overview
Energy Focus, Inc. and its subsidiary engage in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and sale of energy-efficient lighting systems. We develop, market and sell high quality energy-efficient light-emitting diode (“LED”) lighting products in the commercial and military markets. Our mission is to enable our customers to run their facilities with greater energy efficiency, productivity, and wellness through advanced LED retrofit solutions. Our goal is to be the retrofit technology and market leader for the most demanding applications where performance, quality, and health really matter. We specialize in LED lighting retrofit by replacing fluorescent lamps in general purpose and high-intensity discharge (“HID”) lighting in low-bay and high-bay applications with our innovative, high-quality commercial and military tubular LED (“TLED”) and other LED products.
22

Net sales decreased 36.3 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily driven by a 53.9 percent decrease in military sales period over period. Net sales of our commercial products decreased by 20.5 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same prior year period. The sale cycles for the military market is dependent on many factors, including the availability of government funding, the timing and fulfillment of U.S. Navy awards, new ship construction and the timing of vessel maintenance schedules. The sale cycles for our commercial target markets can range from several months to over one year and our financial results reflect volatility from the continued fluctuations in the timing, pace and size of commercial projects for a major healthcare customer.
At June 30, 2019, we had $2.2 million in cash and cash equivalents, which includes $0.3 million restricted cash held, and a total of $3.4 million in debt, including approximately $1.7 million in funding from the issuance of subordinated convertible notes. During the first half of 2019, we took additional actions to reduce our operating expenses to be more commensurate with our sales volumes. These actions resulted in additional restructuring charges of $0.1 million in the first quarter of 2019 and $0.1 million in the second quarter of 2019 for severance and related benefits charges in connection with the elimination of twelve positions (three during the first quarter of 2019 and nine during the second quarter of 2019) and the closing of our offices in San Jose, California and Taipei, Taiwan throughout the first half of 2019. Despite these actions, we continue to incur losses and have a substantial accumulated deficit, raising substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern at June 30, 2019.
Since the executive transition on April 1, 2019, we have continued to evaluate and assess strategic options as we seek to achieve a profitable business model and maximize value for our stockholders. Our plans to achieve profitably also include continuing to develop new technologies into sustainable product lines that allow us to effectively compete to expand our customer base, execute our marketing and sales plans, and continue to improve our supply chain and organizational structure. We will also continue to review and pursue selected external funding sources.
We continue to believe that the combination of our plans to obtain additional external funding, restructuring actions, current financial position, liquid resources, obligations due or anticipated within the next year, executive reorganization, development and implementation of an excess inventory plan, and implementation of our product development and sales channel strategy, if adequately executed, will provide us with an ability to finance our operations through 2020 and will mitigate the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
23

Results of operations
The following table sets forth items in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated:

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net sales | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of sales | 103.5 |  |  | 74.9 |  |  | 100.2 |  |  | 78.5 |
Gross profit (loss) | (3.5 | ) |  | 25.1 |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | 21.5 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product development | 10.3 |  |  | 13.0 |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | 13.2 |
Selling, general, and administrative | 51.7 |  |  | 46.8 |  |  | 61.3 |  |  | 51.6 |
Restructuring | 4.2 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | (0.5 | )
Total operating expenses | 66.2 |  |  | 59.9 |  |  | 79.0 |  |  | 64.3 |
Loss from operations | (69.7 | ) |  | (34.8 | ) |  | (79.2 | ) |  | (42.8 | )
Other expenses (income): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 0.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | — |
Other expenses (income) | 2.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | (0.2 | )
Net loss | (73.1 | )% |  | (34.8 | )% |  | (81.9 | )% |  | (42.6 | )%

Net sales
A further breakdown of our net sales is presented in the following table (in thousands):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Commercial products | $ | 2,131 |  |  | $ | 2,972 |  |  | $ | 4,114 |  |  | $ | 5,177 |
Military products | 951 |  |  | 2,200 |  |  | 2,145 |  |  | 4,654 |
Total net sales | $ | 3,082 |  |  | $ | 5,172 |  |  | $ | 6,259 |  |  | $ | 9,831 |

Net sales of $3.1 million for the second quarter of 2019 decreased 40.4 percent compared to the second quarter of 2018 primarily driven by a decrease in military product sales. Net sales of our commercial products decreased 28.3 percent in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018, reflecting first, lower sales from our agency network that we have been consolidating and deemphasizing for sales and marketing efforts since our restructuring in April 2019, and second, fluctuations in the timing, pace and size of commercial projects. Net sales of our military products decreased 56.8 percent in the second quarter of 2019 as compared to the second quarter of 2018, reflecting the timing and fulfillment of U.S. Navy awards during the second quarter of 2018.
Net sales of $6.3 million for the first six months of 2019 decreased 36.3 percent compared to the same period in 2018 primarily driven by a decrease in military product sales. Net sales of our commercial products decreased 20.5 percent in the first six months of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018, reflecting fluctuations in the timing, pace and size of commercial projects. Net sales of our military products decreased 53.9 percent in the first six months of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The sale cycles for the military market is dependent on many factors, including the availability of government funding, the timing and fulfillment of U.S. Navy awards, new ship construction and the timing of vessel maintenance schedules.
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Gross profit (loss)
Gross profit (loss) was $(0.1) million, or (3.5) percent of net sales, for the second quarter of 2019, compared to $1.3 million, or 25.1 percent of net sales, for the second quarter of 2018. The 28.6 basis point decrease in gross margin percent in the second quarter of 2019 is primarily due to unfavorable inventory reserves as a percent of sales compared to the second quarter of 2018. As a result of current manufacturing and sales volumes, gross margin for the second quarter of 2019 included unfavorable inventory reserves of $0.5 million, or 14.7 percent of net sales, whereas gross margin for the second quarter of 2018 included unfavorable manufacturing and absorption of $0.3 million, or 5.6 percent of net sales.
Gross profit (loss) was $(11.0) thousand, or (0.2) percent of net sales, for the first six months of 2019 compared to $2.1 million, or 21.5 percent of net sales, for the first six months of 2018. The decrease is primarily related to unfavorable inventory reserves recorded during the first six months of 2019 of $0.4 million, or 6.8 percent of net sales. For the first six months of 2018, gross margin included unfavorable manufacturing variances and absorption of $0.6 million, or 5.7 percent of net sales, partially offset by net favorable excess inventory reserve adjustments of $0.4 million, or 4.0 percent of net sales.
Operating expenses
Product development
Product development expenses include salaries and related expenses, contractor and consulting fees, legal fees, supplies and materials, as well as overhead, such as depreciation and facility costs. Product development costs are expensed as they are incurred.
Product development expenses were $0.3 million for the second quarter of 2019, a $0.4 million decrease compared to $0.7 million for the second quarter of 2018. The decrease was primarily a result of lower product testing expenses due to the timing of new product introductions as well as lower salaries and related benefits due to the re-organization and re-alignment of the Company that took place during the second quarter of 2019.
Product development expenses were $0.8 million for the first six months of 2019, a $0.5 million decrease compared to $1.3 million for the first six months of 2018. The decrease was primarily a result of lower product testing expenses, due to the timing of new product introductions as well as lower salaries and related benefits due to the re-organization and re-alignment of the Company that took place in the first half of 2019.
Selling, general and administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $1.6 million for the second quarter of 2019, compared to $2.4 million for the second quarter of 2018. The primary drivers of the decreased expenses were decreases in salaries and related benefits due to the lower headcount in 2019 and decreases in trade show and marketing expenses due to timing and efforts to reduce costs.
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $3.8 million for the first six months of 2019, compared to $5.1 million for the first six months of 2018. The $1.3 million decrease is the direct result of our decreases in salaries and related benefits of $0.7 million and decreases in sales commissions and legal expenses of $0.1 million. The lower expenses were partially offset by increased consulting expenses of $0.1 million in the first six months of 2019.
Restructuring
During the first half of 2019, we implemented phased actions to reduce costs in order to minimize cash usage while continuing to pursue strategic alternatives. The actions taken were limited to an initial phase while the options under strategic review were considered and evaluated, including the issuance of subordinated convertible notes as discussed in Note 7, “Debt,” included under Item 1 of the Quarterly Report.
Our initial actions included the elimination of twelve positions (three during the first quarter of 2019 and nine during the second quarter of 2019), costs associated with closing our offices in San Jose, California and Taipei, Taiwan during the first half of 2019, restructuring of the sales organization and incentive plan, flattening of the senior management team, additional operational streamlining, management compensation reductions, and outsourcing of certain functions including warehousing and marketing. In connection with these actions, we recorded severance and related benefits charges of $0.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019.
25

Our restructuring liabilities consist of estimated ongoing costs related to long-term operating lease obligations. The recorded value of the ongoing lease obligations is based on the remaining lease term and payment amount, discounted to present value. Changes in subsequent periods resulting from a revision to either the timing or the amount of estimated cash flows over the future period are measured using the credit adjusted, risk free rate that was used to measure the restructuring liabilities initially. Please also refer to Note 6, “Leases” as certain amounts formerly included below in the restructuring reserve as of December 31, 2018, have been reclassified on the balance sheet to be shown netted against the restructured lease, right-of-use asset in accordance with Topic 842.
For the six months ended June 30, 2018, we recorded restructuring credits totaling approximately $0.05 million, primarily related to the revision of our initial estimates of the cost and offsetting sublease income for the remaining lease obligations for the former New York, New York and Arlington, Virginia offices. For additional information regarding the restructuring actions taken in the 2017, please refer to Note 3, “Restructuring,” included under Item 8 of our 2018 Annual Report.
While substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern continued to exist at June 30, 2019, the impact of the restructuring actions and initiatives described above, have reduced our operating expenses to be more commensurate with our sales volumes. Despite this, we continue to incur losses and have a substantial accumulated deficit, raising substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern at both December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019. Considering both quantitative and qualitative information, we continue to believe that the combination of our plans to obtain additional external funding, restructuring actions, current financial position, liquid resources, obligations due or anticipated within the next year, executive reorganization, development and implementation of an excess inventory plan, and implementation of our product development and sales channel strategy, if adequately executed, will provide us with an ability to finance our operations through 2020 and will mitigate the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Please refer to Note 7, “Debt,” included under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for more information on the additional financing we received on March 29, 2019 to fund our near-term operations.
Other expenses (income)
Other expense was $79 thousand for the second quarter of 2019, compared to other expense of $2 thousand for the second quarter of 2018. Other expense was $98 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to other income of $19 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The expenses in 2019 primarily consisted of non-cash amortization of deferred financing costs related to the revolving credit facility we entered into on December 11, 2018. The income in 2018 related to the gain on the sale of equipment previously classified as held for sale.
Provision for income taxes
Due to the operating losses incurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and after application of the annual limitation set forth under Section 382 of the IRC, it was not necessary to record a provision for U.S. federal income tax or various states income taxes as income tax benefits are fully offset by a valuation allowance recorded.
Net loss
For three months ended June 30, 2019, our net loss was $2.3 million, compared to $1.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in the net loss was primarily driven by the lower gross profit in the first quarter of 2019, partially offset by lower operating expenses, as previously discussed.
For the six months ended June 30, 2019, our net loss was $5.1 million, compared to $4.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in net loss was primarily driven by the lower gross profit during the first half of 2019, partially offset by lower operating expenses as previously discussed.
Financial condition
While we had cash and cash equivalents of $2.2 million at June 30, 2019, which includes $0.3 million restricted cash held, we had a total of $3.4 million in debt, including $1.7 million outstanding on our revolving credit facility and $1.7 million in subordinated convertible notes. We have historically incurred substantial losses, and as of June 30, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $122.6 million. Additionally, our sales have been concentrated in a few major customers and for the six months ended June 30, 2019, two customers accounted for approximately 17 percent and 28 percent of net sales.
26

As a result of the restructuring actions and initiatives described above, we have reduced our operating expenses to be more commensurate with our sales volumes, however, we continue to incur losses and have a substantial accumulated deficit, and substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern continues to exist at June 30, 2019.
Since the executive transition on April 1, 2019, we have continued to evaluate and assess strategic options as we seek to achieve a profitable business model and maximize value for our stockholders. Our plans to achieve profitability include continuing to develop new technologies into sustainable product lines that allow us to effectively compete to expand our customer base, execute our marketing and sales plans, and continue to improve our supply chain and organizational structure. The restructuring and cost cutting initiatives implemented during 2017 and 2019 were designed to allow us to effectively execute this strategy; however, our efforts may not occur as quickly as we envision or be successful, due to the long sales cycle in our industry, the corresponding time required to ramp up sales from new products into this sales cycle, the timing of introductions of additional new products, significant competition, and potential volatility given our customer concentration, among other factors. As a result, we will continue to review and pursue selected external funding sources to ensure adequate financial resources to execute across the timelines required to achieve these objectives including, but not limited to, the following:
•obtaining financing from traditional or non-traditional investment capital organizations or individuals; and
•obtaining funding from the sale of our common stock or other equity or debt instruments.
There can be no assurance that we will obtain funding on acceptable terms, in a timely fashion, or at all. Obtaining additional funding contains risks, including:

• | additional equity financing may not be available to us on satisfactory terms and any equity we are able to issue could lead to dilution for current stockholders and have rights, preferences and privileges senior to our common stock;

• | loans or other debt instruments may have terms and/or conditions, such as interest rate, conversion price, restrictive covenants and control or revocation provisions, which are not acceptable to management or our board of directors; and

• | the current environment in capital markets combined with our capital constraints may prevent us from being able to obtain adequate debt financing.

If we fail to obtain the required additional financing to sustain our business before we are able to produce levels of revenue to meet our financial needs, we will need to delay, scale back or eliminate our business plan and further reduce our operating costs and headcount, each of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, future prospects, and financial condition. A lack of additional funding could also result in our inability to continue as a going concern and force us to sell certain assets or discontinue or curtail our operations and, as a result, investors in the Company could lose their entire investment.
Considering both quantitative and qualitative information, we continue to believe that the combination of our plans to obtain additional external funding, restructuring actions, current financial position, liquid resources, obligations due or anticipated within the next year, executive reorganization, development and implementation of an excess inventory plan, and implementation of our product development and sales channel strategy, if adequately executed, will provide us with an ability to finance our operations through 2020 and will mitigate the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
Liquidity and capital resources
Cash and cash equivalents
At June 30, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents balance was approximately $2.2 million, compared to approximately $6.3 million at December 31, 2018. The balance at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 included restricted cash of $0.3 million for a letter of credit requirement under a lease obligation.
27

The following summarizes cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities, as reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):

| Six months ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (5,120 | ) |  | $ | (2,300 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | $ | (28 | ) |  | $ | 183 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | 1,015 |  |  | $ | (18 | )

Net cash used in operating activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, and resulted primarily from the net loss incurred of $5.1 million, adjusted for non-cash items, including: depreciation, stock-based compensation, provisions for inventory and warranty reserves and working capital changes. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we used $1.5 million in cash for accounts payable, primarily due to the timing of inventory receipts and payments, and $0.4 million through a decrease in accounts receivable, due to the higher shipments in the first half of 2019 as compared to December 2018. In addition, prepaid and other assets decreased by $0.4 million as the inventory for which we paid deposits to our contract manufacturers in prior quarters was received in the first quarter of 2019.
Net cash used in operating activities was $2.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, and resulted primarily from the net loss incurred of $4.2 million, adjusted for non-cash items, including: depreciation, stock-based compensation, provisions for inventory and warranty reserves and working capital changes. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we generated cash of $1.5 million through an increase in accounts payable, due to our payment terms with our vendors; $0.4 million through reduction in our inventory, due to the volume and timing of inventory receipts; and $0.2 million through the collection of accounts receivable, due to the timing and volume of our shipments in December 2017 compared to June 2018. Partially offsetting these increases in cash was an increase in prepaid and other assets of $0.4 million, related to deposits paid to our contract manufacturers on inventory to be shipped in subsequent quarters.
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $28 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2019, and resulted primarily from the purchase of tooling to support production operations. Net cash provided by investing activities was $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, and resulted primarily from the sale of certain equipment previously classified as held for sale, partially offset by purchases of computer equipment, equipment to support production operations and leasehold improvements.
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $1.0 million, primarily resulting from the $1.7 million in proceeds we received for the subordinated convertible notes we entered into on March 29, 2019, partially offset by net repayments of $0.6 million on borrowings under the credit facility we entered into on December 11, 2018. In addition, we used approximately $0.1 million to issue and immediately repurchase our stock for employee tax withholding related to restricted stock unit vesting during the period. Net cash used in financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was $18 thousand, resulting from issuing and immediately repurchasing our stock for employee tax withholding related to restricted stock unit vesting.
Contractual obligations
As of June 30, 2019, we had approximately $0.9 million in outstanding purchase commitments for inventory. Of this amount, approximately $0.6 million is expected to ship in the third quarter of 2019 with the balance expected to ship in the fourth quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2020.
There have been no other material changes to our contractual obligations as compared to those included in our 2018 Annual Report.
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Critical accounting policies
Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which supersedes the current lease accounting requirements. Additionally, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which simplifies adoption of Topic 842 by allowing an additional transition method that will not require restatement of prior periods and providing a new practical expedient for lessors to avoid separating lease and non-lease components within a contract if certain criteria are met (provisions of which must be elected upon adoption of Topic 842). The new standard requires a lessee to record on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. It also requires lessees to disclose certain key information about lease transactions. Upon implementation, an entity’s lease payment obligations will be recognized at their estimated present value along with a corresponding right-of-use asset. Lease expense recognition will be generally consistent with current practice.
The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2019 using the required modified retrospective method with the non-comparative transition option. The Company applied the transitional package of practical expedients allowed by the standard to not reassess the identification, classification and initial direct costs of leases commencing before this ASU’s effective date. The Company also applied the lease term and impairment hindsight transitional practical expedients. The Company has chosen to apply the following accounting policy practical expedients: to not separate lease and non-lease components to new leases as well as existing leases through transition; and the election to not apply recognition requirements of the guidance to short-term leases.
The results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 are presented under Topic 842, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with legacy generally accepted accounting principles.
On adoption, we recognized additional operating lease liabilities of approximately $2.9 million, with corresponding right-of-use assets based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments under prior leasing standards for our existing operating leases. The operating lease right-of-use assets recorded upon adoption were offset by the carrying value of liabilities previously recorded under Topic 420 and impairment charges totaling $273 thousand and $186 thousand, respectively.
Please refer to Note 6, “Leases,” included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for more information relating to the Company’s leasing arrangements.
There have been no other material changes to our critical accounting policies as compared to those included in our 2018 Annual Report.
Certain risks and concentrations
We had certain customers whose net sales individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net sales, or whose net trade accounts receivable balance individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net trade accounts receivable, as follows:
For the three months ended June 30, 2019, sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy and a regional commercial lighting retrofit company located in Texas accounted for approximately 13 percent and 26 percent of net sales, respectively. When sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy are combined with sales to a shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy, total net sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 20 percent of net sales for the same period. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy, a global healthcare provider located in Northeast Ohio, and a regional commercial lighting retrofit company located in Texas accounted for approximately 29 percent, 15 percent and 11 percent of net sales, respectively. When sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy are combined with sales to a shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy, total net sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 33 percent of net sales for the same period.
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For the six months ended June 30, 2019, sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy and a regional commercial lighting retrofit company located in Texas accounted for approximately 17 percent and 28 percent of net sales, respectively. When sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy are combined with sales to a shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy, total net sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 26 percent of net sales for the same period. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy and a global healthcare provider located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 37 percent and 12 percent of net sales, respectively. When sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy are combined with sales to a shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy, total net sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 41 percent of net sales for the same period.
A regional commercial lighting retrofit company located in Texas and our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy accounted for approximately 26 percent and 13 percent of net trade accounts receivable, respectively, at June 30, 2019. At December 31, 2018, our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy accounted for approximately 40 percent of net trade accounts receivable.
Recent accounting pronouncements
For information on recent accounting pronouncements, please refer to Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.
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ITEM 3. QUANTATATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Item 10 of Regulation S-K, the company is not required to provide information required by this item.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management must evaluate, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as of June 30, 2019, the end of the period covered by this report. Mr. James Tu, our current Chief Executive Officer, joined our board of directors on April 1, 2019 and became our Chief Executive officer on April 2, 2019. Mr. Tod A. Nestor, our current Chief Financial Officer, assumed that role on July 1, 2019. While our current Chief Financial Officer was not serving in such position as of June 30, 2019, management, with the participation of our current Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, did evaluate the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at a reasonable assurance level as of the end of the period covered by this report due to the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting discussed below.
As previously disclosed in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019, we determined that we had a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting primarily due to segregation of duties due to low staffing levels in the finance function that lead to the lack of sufficient levels of proper supervision and review by employees for non-routine accounting and related financial reporting matters. Such a conclusion reflects, in part, the departure of the Company’s previous Chief Financial Officer and Chief Executive Officer with signed agreements on March 29, 2019 that were effective April 1, 2019. In addition, the Company’s full-time Controller departed the Company on July 5, 2019. Until we are able to remedy our material weakness, we are relying on the assistance of third-party consultants to assist with accounting for non-routine transactions and certain financial reporting matters.
However, this material weakness does have compensating controls in the form of:

| • | an independent audit committee of our board of directors;
| • | use of external consultants to assist with financial reporting;
| • | detailed written documentation of our internal control policies and procedures; and
| • | a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and a whistleblower policy.

We have taken steps to enhance our internal control over financial reporting and plan to take additional steps to remediate the material weakness. Specifically:

• | As mentioned, as of July 1, 2019, we hired our new Chief Financial Officer and President, Tod A. Nestor, a licensed CPA, CMA, CFM, and CFA, and thirteen-year CFO, as well as former public company CFO who will focus on the development of the finance and accounting function. Mr. Nestor replaces the interim CFO role the CEO was fulfilling.

• | We plan to appoint additional qualified personnel to address inadequate segregation of duties. The Company continues to evaluate the organizational structure of the finance organization to identify the current gaps in the structure to meet the Company’s reporting needs, and expects to hire, retain, and develop the necessary talent to remediate the current material weakness deficiency. Ultimately, it is expected that internal employees will replace the consultants currently being used as an interim solution to assist in financial reporting. A key deliverable for our new CFO is to share a staffing plan with the Audit Committee during the second half of our 2019 fiscal year.

• | We expect to hire a full-time Controller with a CPA as a replacement for the departed Controller.

• | When necessary, we expect to outsource and seek guidance on complex U.S. GAAP-related issues from outside parties until an internal technical expert is hired on a full-time basis.

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• | Management is aware of the risks associated with the lack of segregation of duties due to the small number of employees currently working with general administrative and financial matters. Due to the Company’s size and nature, segregation of all conflicting duties may not always be possible and may not be currently economically feasible. However, to the extent possible, the initiation of transactions, the custody of assets and the recording of transactions shall be performed by separate individuals. In addition, the Company will closely review all cash receipts and disbursements to insure an adequate control environment until more qualified resources can be added to the finance team.

The remediation efforts set out herein will continue to be implemented in our 2019 fiscal year. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within our company have been detected.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting
During the quarterly period covered by this report, there have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting apart from the aforementioned changes in personnel.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we may be involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. As of June 30, 2019, we were not involved in any material legal proceedings.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
As a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Item 10 of Regulation S-K, the company is not required to provide information required by this item.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3. DEFUALTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number | Description of Documents
3.1 | Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 13, 2013).
3.2 | Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 16, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2014).
3.3 | Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 24, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 27, 2015).
3.4 | Certificate of Designation of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of Energy Focus, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 1, 2019).
3.5 | Amendment to the Certificate of Designation of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of Energy Focus, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 30, 2019).
3.6 | Certificate of Elimination of the Series A Participating Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 1, 2019).
3.7 | Bylaws of Energy Focus, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 10, 2016).
10.1 | President and Chief Financial Officer Offer Letter dated June 18, 2019 between Tod A. Nestor and Energy Focus, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on July 22, 2019).
10.2 | Form of Amended and Restated Subordinated Convertible Promissory Note entered into by the Company and each of the Investors thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 30, 2019).
10.3 | Executive Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 19, 2019).
10.4 | Separation Agreement and Release between Energy Focus, Inc. and Theodore L. Tewksbury III, effective as of April 1, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 1, 2019).
10.5 | Separation Agreement and Release between Energy Focus, Inc. and Jerry Turin, effective as of April 1, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 1, 2019).
31.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 + | Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*101 | The following financial information from our Quarterly Report for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and (vi) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

* | Pursuant to Regulation S-T, this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

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+ This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
Date: | September 13, 2019 | By: | /s/ James Tu
|  |  | James Tu
|  |  | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

|  | By: | /s/ Tod A. Nestor
|  |  | Tod A. Nestor
|  |  | President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary

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