The Company entered the following securities purchase agreements with certain investors and issued 214,124 and 912,050 shares of common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, respectively.

On June 19, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with its Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Chiao Chieh (Jay) Huang, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell in a private placement an aggregate of 110,497

shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for a purchase price per share of $1.81 (the “June 2025 Private Placement”). The purchase price was determined by the Board of Directors to be at a premium to the Nasdaq closing price of our common stock on the date of the agreement. The Board of Directors approved the purchase price per share based on its judgment of the Company’s capital needs, market conditions, and limited financing alternatives available at the time. The Board determined this price to be reasonable and in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. These transactions were approved by independent members of the Board of Directors.

On March 27, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with its Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Chiao Chieh (Jay) Huang, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell in a private placement an aggregate of 103,627 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for a purchase price per share of $1.93 (the “March 2025 Private Placement”). The purchase price was determined by the Board of Directors to be at a premium to the Nasdaq closing price of our common stock on the date of the agreement. The Board of Directors approved the purchase price per share based on its judgment of the Company’s capital needs, market conditions, and limited financing alternatives available at the time. The Board determined this price to be reasonable and in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. These transactions were approved by independent members of the Board of Directors.

Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company respect to the March 2025 Private Placement were approximately $200 thousand. The Private Placement was priced higher than the closing price $1.92 of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq on the day of signing of the purchase agreement. The issuance and sale of the shares pursuant to the purchase agreement are not being registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and were made pursuant to certain exemptions from registration, including Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, in reliance on the representations and covenants of the purchaser under the purchase agreement. The March 2025 Private Placement closed on March 31, 2025.

On June 21, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Sander Electronics Inc., a shareholder of the Company controlled by Mr. Chiao Chieh (Jay) Huang, CEO of the Company, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell in a private placement an aggregate of 534,591 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for a purchase price per share of $1.59 (the “June 2024 Private Placement”).

On March 28, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain purchaser, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell in a private placement an aggregate of 283,019 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for a purchase price per share of $1.59 (the “March 2024 Private Placement”). Consideration for the transaction included exchange of $450 thousand in the aggregate of outstanding amounts on capital contributions received in October 2023.

Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company in respect of the March 2024 Private Placement were approximately $450 thousand. The March 2024 Private Placement was priced at-the-market under the Nasdaq rules.

The Series A Preferred Stock was created by the filing of a Certificate of Designation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on March 29, 2019, which designated 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, as Series A Preferred Stock (the “Original Series A Certificate of Designation”). On January 15, 2020 with prior stockholder approval, the Company amended the Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of preferred stock to 5,000,000. The Original Series A Certificate of Designation was also amended on January 15, 2020, to increase the number of shares of preferred stock designated as Series A Preferred Stock to 3,300,000 (the Original Series A Certificate of Designation, as so amended, the “Series A Certificate of Designation”).

Pursuant to the Series A Certificate of Designation, each holder of outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to vote with holders of outstanding shares of common stock, voting together as a single class, with respect to any and all matters presented to the stockholders of the Company for their action or consideration, except as provided by law. In any such vote, each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall entitle its holder to a number of votes equal to 1.582% of the number of shares of common stock into which such share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible.

The Series A Preferred Stock (a) has a preference upon liquidation equal to $0.67 per share and then participates on an as-converted basis with the common stock with respect to any additional distributions, (b) shall receive any dividends declared and payable on our common stock on an as-converted basis, and (c) is convertible at the option of the holder into shares of our common stock on a 1-for-35 basis.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 876,447 Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding which can be convertible into 25 thousand shares of common stock at the option of the holder.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had the following outstanding warrants:


	As of June 30, 2025	As of December 31, 2024
	Number of Underlying Shares		Exercise Price	Expiration
June 2022 Warrants	384,615	384,615	$9.10	December 16, 2026
December 2021 Warrants	182,630	182,630	$24.64	June 7, 2027
January 2020 Investor Warrants	—	26,819	$23.59	January 13, 2025
January 2020 Placement Agent Warrants	—	5,954	$34.96	January 13, 2025
	567,245	600,018

Stock-based compensation expense is attributable to stock options and restricted stock unit awards. For all stock-based awards, we recognize expense using a straight-line amortization method.

Total unearned stock-based compensation was $2 thousand and $54 thousand at June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These costs will be charged to expense and amortized on a straight-line basis in future periods. The weighted average period over which the unearned compensation at June 30, 2025 is expected to be recognized is approximately 1.8 years.

Options outstanding under all plans have a contractual life of ten years, and vesting periods between one and four years. A summary of option activity under all plans for the six months ended June 30, 2025 is presented as follows:


	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2024	30,566	$	5.58
Granted	—	—

Canceled/forfeited	(28,300)	5.15
Expired	—	—
Balance at June 30, 2025	2,266	$	10.95	3.7

Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2025	2,266	$	10.95	3.7

Exercisable at June 30, 2025	1,647	$	14.08	3.7