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STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Equity [Abstract] |
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Private Placements The Company entered the following securities purchase agreements with certain investors and issued 478,674 and 912,050 shares of common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, respectively. August 2025 Private Placement On August 15, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with its Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Chiao Chieh (Jay) Huang, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell in a private placement an aggregate of 264,550 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for a purchase price per share of $1.89 (the “August 2025 Private Placement”). The purchase price was determined by the Board of Directors to be at a premium to the Nasdaq closing price of our common stock on the date of the agreement. The Board of Directors approved the purchase price per share based on its judgment of the Company’s capital needs, market conditions, and limited financing alternatives available at the time. The Board determined this price to be reasonable and in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. These transactions were approved by independent members of the Board of Directors. Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company with respect to the August 2025 Private Placement were approximately $500 thousand. The August 2025 Private Placement closed on August 19, 2025. June 2025 Private Placement On June 19, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with its Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Chiao Chieh (Jay) Huang, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell in a private placement an aggregate of 110,497 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for a purchase price per share of $1.81 (the “June 2025 Private Placement”). The purchase price was determined by the Board of Directors to be at a premium to the Nasdaq closing price of our common stock on the date of the agreement. The Board of Directors approved the purchase price per share based on its judgment of the Company’s capital needs, market conditions, and limited financing alternatives available at the time. The Board determined this price to be reasonable and in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. These transactions were approved by independent members of the Board of Directors. Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company with respect to the June 2025 Private Placement were approximately $200 thousand. The June 2025 Private Placement closed on June 23, 2025. March 2025 Private Placement On March 27, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with its Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Chiao Chieh (Jay) Huang, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell in a private placement an aggregate of 103,627 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for a purchase price per share of $1.93 (the “March 2025 Private Placement”). The purchase price was determined by the Board of Directors to be at a premium to the Nasdaq closing price of our common stock on the date of the agreement. The Board of Directors approved the purchase price per share based on its judgment of the Company’s capital needs, market conditions, and limited financing alternatives available at the time. The Board determined this price to be reasonable and in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. These transactions were approved by independent members of the Board of Directors. Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company respect to the March 2025 Private Placement were approximately $200 thousand. The Private Placement was priced higher than the closing price $1.92 of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq on the day of signing of the purchase agreement. The issuance and sale of the shares pursuant to the purchase agreement are not being registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and were made pursuant to certain exemptions from registration, including Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, in reliance on the representations and covenants of the purchaser under the purchase agreement. The March 2025 Private Placement closed on March 31, 2025. June 2024 Private Placement On June 21, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Sander Electronics Inc., a shareholder of the Company controlled by Mr. Chiao Chieh (Jay) Huang, CEO of the Company, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell in a private placement an aggregate of 534,591 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for a purchase price per share of $1.59 (the “June 2024 Private Placement”). Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company in respect of the June 2024 Private Placement were approximately $851 thousand. The June 2024 Private Placement closed on June 21, 2024. March 2024 Private Placement On March 28, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain purchaser, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell in a private placement an aggregate of 283,019 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for a purchase price per share of $1.59 (the “March 2024 Private Placement”). Consideration for the transaction included exchange of $450 thousand in the aggregate of outstanding amounts on capital contributions received in October 2023. Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company in respect of the March 2024 Private Placement were approximately $450 thousand. The March 2024 Private Placement was priced at-the-market under the Nasdaq rules. Preferred Stock The Series A Preferred Stock was created by the filing of a Certificate of Designation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on March 29, 2019, which designated 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, as Series A Preferred Stock (the “Original Series A Certificate of Designation”). On January 15, 2020 with prior stockholder approval, the Company amended the Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of preferred stock to 5,000,000. The Original Series A Certificate of Designation was also amended on January 15, 2020, to increase the number of shares of preferred stock designated as Series A Preferred Stock to 3,300,000 (the Original Series A Certificate of Designation, as so amended, the “Series A Certificate of Designation”). Pursuant to the Series A Certificate of Designation, each holder of outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to vote with holders of outstanding shares of common stock, voting together as a single class, with respect to any and all matters presented to the stockholders of the Company for their action or consideration, except as provided by law. In any such vote, each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall entitle its holder to a number of votes equal to 1.582% of the number of shares of common stock into which such share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible. The Series A Preferred Stock (a) has a preference upon liquidation equal to $0.67 per share and then participates on an as-converted basis with the common stock with respect to any additional distributions, (b) shall receive any dividends declared and payable on our common stock on an as-converted basis, and (c) is convertible at the option of the holder into shares of our common stock on a 1-for-35 basis. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 876,447 Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding which can be convertible into 25 thousand shares of common stock at the option of the holder. Warrants During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and year ended December 31, 2024, no warrants were exercised. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had the following outstanding warrants:
| As of September 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |
| Number of Underlying Shares |  | Exercise Price |  | Expiration
June 2022 Warrants | 384,615 |  | 384,615 |  | $9.10 |  | December 16, 2026
December 2021 Warrants | 182,630 |  | 182,630 |  | $24.64 |  | June 7, 2027
January 2020 Investor Warrants | — |  |  | 26,819 |  | $23.59 |  | January 13, 2025
January 2020 Placement Agent Warrants | — |  |  | 5,954 |  | $34.96 |  | January 13, 2025
| 567,245 |  | 600,018 |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation expense is attributable to stock options and restricted stock unit awards. For all stock-based awards, we recognize expense using a straight-line amortization method. The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense and the impact it had on operations for the periods presented (in thousands):
| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Selling, general, and administrative | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 2 |
Total stock-based compensation | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | 2 |
Total unearned stock-based compensation was $1 thousand and $3 thousand at September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These costs will be charged to expense and amortized on a straight-line basis in future periods. The weighted average period over which the unearned compensation at September 30, 2025 is expected to be recognized is approximately 1.6 years. Stock options For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not grant any stock options. Options outstanding under all plans have a contractual life of ten years, and vesting periods between one and four years. A summary of option activity under all outstanding stock incentive plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 is presented as follows:
| Number of Options |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2024 | 30,566 |  |  | $ | 5.58 |  |  |
Granted | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Canceled/forfeited | (28,300) |  |  | 5.15 |  |  |
Expired | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Balance at September 30, 2025 | 2,266 |  |  | $ | 10.95 |  |  | 3.4
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2025 | 2,266 |  |  | $ | 10.95 |  |  | 3.4
Exercisable at September 30, 2025 | 1,736 |  |  | $ | 13.51 |  |  | 3.3
Restricted stock units We are able to issue restricted stock units to certain employees and non-employee Directors under the 2020 Plan with vesting periods ranging from one to four years. As of September 30, 2025, the outstanding restricted stock is zero.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity and share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, disclosure of policy and terms of share-based payment arrangement, deferred compensation arrangement, and employee stock purchase plan (ESPP). + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 718 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/718/tableOfContent Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 505 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/505/tableOfContent + Details
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