Exhibit 23.1

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Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

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We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:

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| (1) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-231438) pertaining to the NextCure, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan,

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| (2) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-231436) pertaining to the NextCure, Inc. 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan and the NextCure, Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan,

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| (3) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-260776) pertaining to the NextCure, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan,

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| (4) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-260779) pertaining to the NextCure, Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan,

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| (5) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-273735) pertaining to the NextCure, Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan

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| (6) | Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-273723) of NextCure, Inc.

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of our report dated March 5, 2026, with respect to the financial statements of NextCure, Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of NextCure, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2025.

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/s/ Ernst & Young LLP | ​
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Baltimore, Maryland | ​
March 5, 2026 | ​

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