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Contractual Agreements
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Contractual Agreements  
Contractual Agreements

(7)   Contractual Agreements

(a)   Abbott Products, Inc.

On March 29, 2012, the Company terminated its collaborative agreement with Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (later acquired by Abbott Products, Inc.) for TLANDO. As part of the termination, the Company reacquired the rights to the intellectual property from Abbott. All obligations under the prior license agreement have been completed except that Lipocine will owe Abbott a perpetual 1% royalty on net sales. Such royalties are limited to $1.0 million in the first two calendar years following product launch, after which period there is not a cap on royalties and no maximum aggregate amount. If generic versions of any such product are introduced, then royalties are reduced by 50%. The Company did not incur any royalties during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

(b)   Contract Research and Development

The Company has entered into agreements with various contract organizations that conduct preclinical, clinical, analytical and manufacturing development work on behalf of the Company as well as a number of independent contractors, primarily clinical researchers, who serve as advisors to the Company. The Company incurred expenses of $1.2 million and $887,000, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and $4.0 million and $2.5 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 under these agreements and has recorded these expenses in research and development expenses.