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Equity Incentive Plans | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2022
Equity Incentive Plans |
Equity Incentive Plans | 8. Equity Incentive Plans Equity Incentive Plans In September 2012, the Company adopted the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, which provides designated employees of the Company and its affiliates, certain consultants and advisors who perform services for the Company and its affiliates, and nonemployee members of the board of directors of the Company and its affiliates with the opportunity to receive grants of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options and stock awards. On January 20, 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”). Beginning on January 1, 2018, the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance pursuant to the 2016 Plan was increased each January 1 by an amount equal to four percent (4%) of the Company’s outstanding common stock as of the end of the immediately preceding calendar year or such other amount as determined by the compensation committee of the Company’s board of directors. On June 16, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”), which provides for a total of 7,500,000 new shares of the Company’s common stock to be granted. As of September 30, 2022, there were 5,382,799 shares available for grant under the Company’s equity incentive plans. A summary of stock option activity under the Equity Plans is as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | Weighted |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ |  | Average |  | Weighted |  | ​ | Aggregate
​ | ​ | ​ |  | Exercise Price |  | Average Remaining |  | ​ | Intrinsic
​ |  | Options |  | Per Share |  | Life in Years |  | ​ | Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 |  | 8,525,618 | ​ | $ | 4.48 |  | 7.58 |  | ​ | ​
Granted | ​ | 3,900,000 | ​ | $ | 1.51 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Forfeited |  | (492,915) | ​ | $ | 2.17 |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Outstanding at September 30, 2022 |  | 11,932,703 | ​ | $ | 3.60 |  | 7.65 | ​ | $ | 1
Options exercisable at September 30, 2022 |  | 6,907,653 | ​ | $ | 5.01 |  | 6.39 | ​ | ​ | ​
Options vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2022 |  | 11,932,703 | ​ | $ | 3.60 |  | 7.65 | ​ | $ | 1
​ The grant date fair value of the options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The expected life was estimated using the “simplified” method as defined by the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin 107, Share-Based Payment. The expected volatility was based on the historical volatility of comparable public companies from a representative peer group selected based on industry and market capitalization data. The risk-free interest rate was based on the continuous rates provided by the U.S. Treasury with a term approximating the expected life of the option. The expected dividend yield was 0% because the Company does not expect to pay any dividends for the foreseeable future. The Company elected the straight-line attribution method in recognizing the grant date fair value of options issued over the requisite service periods of the awards, which are generally the vesting periods. The weighted average grant date fair value for the stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $1.10 and $1.37 per share, respectively. The assumptions that the Company used to determine the grant-date fair value of stock options granted to employees and directors during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows, presented on a weighted average basis: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Nine Months | ​ | Nine Months | ​
​ | ​ | Ended September 30, | ​ | Ended September 30, | ​
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Expected volatility | ​ | 82.70 | % | 66.94 | %
Weighted average risk-free interest rate | ​ | 3.06 | % | 0.81 | %
Expected dividend yield | ​ | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | %
Expected term (in years) | ​ | 6.48 | ​ | 6.82 | ​
​ Stock options generally vest over a three or four year period, as determined by the compensation committee of the board of directors at the time of grant. The options expire ten years from the grant date. As of September 30, 2022, there was approximately $5,493 of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 2.31 years. Restricted Stock Units During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company granted 2,650,000 and 275,000, respectively, RSUs to employees that will cliff vest and will be settled after three years of continuous service, or upon a change of control of the Company, whichever is earlier, pursuant to the 2016 Plan. The following table presents RSU activity under the 2016 Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2022: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Weighted
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average Grant
​ |  | Number of Shares |  | Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 |  | 935,606 | ​ | $ | 1.76
Awarded | ​ | 2,650,000 | ​ | $ | 1.93
Outstanding at September 30, 2022 |  | 3,585,606 | ​ | $ | 1.89
​ As of September 30, 2022, there were 3,585,606 shares outstanding covered by RSUs that are expected to vest with a weighted average grant date fair value of $1.89 per share and an aggregate grant date fair value of approximately $6,777. As of September 30, 2022, there was approximately $4,463 of unrecognized compensation costs related to RSUs granted to employees, which are expected to be recognized as expense over a remaining weighted average period of 2.22 years. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of stock option awards and RSUs to employees and non-employees in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three and nine months ending September 30, 2022 and 2021 as follows: Stock Based Compensation Expense ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended September 30, | ​ | Nine Months Ended September 30,
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Research and development |  | $ | 634 | ​ | $ | 477 | ​ | $ | 1,805 | ​ | $ | 1,220
General and administrative |  | ​ | 619 | ​ |  | 526 | ​ | ​ | 1,918 | ​ |  | 1,528
Total | ​ | $ | 1,253 | ​ | $ | 1,003 | ​ | $ | 3,723 | ​ | $ | 2,748
​

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