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Note 17 - Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Notes to Financial Statements |
Preferred Stock [Text Block] | 17. Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock Series A Preferred Stock On January 3, 2020, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement (as amended on February 24, 2020 and April 13, 2020 (the “LF Purchase Agreement”)), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, and LF International Pte. Ltd., a Singapore private limited company (“LF International”), which is controlled by Company director, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Yubao Li, agreed to purchase, up to 500,000 shares of the Company’s newly created shares of Series A Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred”), with each share of Series A Preferred initially convertible into ten shares of the Company’s common stock, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $5,000,000 (the “LF International Offering”). As permitted by the Purchase Agreement, the Company may, in its discretion issue up to an additional 200,000 shares of Series A Preferred for a purchase price of $10.00 per share (the “Additional Shares Offering,” and collectively with the LF International Offering, the “Offering”). Approximately $1 million of Series A Preferred has been sold as of June 30, 2021, including to an investor which converted an account receivable of $478,000 owed to the investor by the Company in exchange for 48,200 shares of Series A Preferred. The Company completed several closings with LF International from January 2020 through June 2020. The majority of the funds received reduced our bank debt. We issued a total of 400,000 shares of common stock to LF International and, pursuant to the LF Purchase Agreement, changed our name from CTI Industries Corporation to Yunhong CTI Ltd. LF International has the right to name three directors to serve on our Board. They were Mr. Yubao Li, Ms. Wan Zhang and Ms. Yaping Zhang. Ms. Wan Zhang and Ms. Yaping Zhang retired from the Board during January 2022. The issuance of the Series A Preferred generated a beneficial conversion feature (BCF), which arises when a debt or equity security is issued with an embedded conversion option that is beneficial to the investor or in the money at inception because the conversion option has an effective strike price that is less than the market price of the underlying stock at the commitment date. The fair value of the common stock into which the Series A Preferred was convertible exceeded the allocated purchase price fair value of the Series A Preferred Stock at the closing dates by approximately $2.5 million as of the closing dates. We recognized this BCF by allocating the intrinsic value of the conversion option, to additional paid-in capital, resulting in a discount on the Series A Preferred. As the Series A Preferred is immediately convertible, the Company accreted the discount on the date of issuance. The accretion was recognized as dividend equivalents. Holders of the Series A Preferred will be entitled to receive quarterly dividends at the annual rate of 8% of the stated value ($10 per share). Such dividends may be paid in cash or in shares of common stock at the Company’s discretion. In the three months ending December 31, 2021 and 2020 the Company accrued $100,000 of these dividends. In the twelve months ending December 31, 2021 and 2020 the Company accrued $400,000 and $380,000, respectively, of these dividends. Series B Preferred In November 2020, we issued 170,000 shares of Series B Preferred for an aggregate purchase price of $1,500,000. The Series B Preferred have an initial stated value of $10.00 per share and liquidation preference over common stock. The Series B Preferred is convertible into shares of our common stock equal to the number of shares determined by dividing the sum of the stated value and any accrued and unpaid dividends by the conversion price of $1.00. The Series B Preferred accrues dividends at a rate of 8 percent per annum, payable at our election either in cash or shares of the Company’s common stock. Initially, the Series B Preferred, in whole or part, was redeemable at the option of the holder (but not mandatorily redeemable) at any time on or after November 30, 2021 for the stated value, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends and thus was classified as mezzanine equity and initially recognized at fair value of $1.5 million (the proceeds on the date of issuance). In March 2021, the terms of the Series B Preferred were modified to eliminate the ability of the holder to redeem the Series B Preferred. As the Series B Preferred is no longer redeemable, the Series B Preferred is not classified as mezzanine equity as of December 31, 2021. As a result, the carrying value as of December 31, 2021 amounted to $1,714,707 which consists of $1,500,000 original carrying value, $150,000 accrued dividends and $64,707 accretion ($46,707 which occurred in 2021). Series C Preferred In January 2021 we entered into an agreement with a related party, LF International Pte. Ltd. which is controlled by Company director, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Yubao Li, to purchase shares of Series C Preferred stock. We issued 170,000 shares of Series C Preferred for an aggregate purchase price of $1,500,000. The Series C Preferred have an initial stated value of $10.00 per share and liquidation preference over common stock. The Series C Preferred is convertible into shares of our common stock equal to the number of shares determined by dividing the sum of the stated value and any accrued and unpaid dividends by the conversion price of $1.00. The Series C Preferred accrues dividends at a rate of 8 percent per annum, payable at our election either in cash or shares of the Company’s common stock. The issuance of the Series C Preferred generated a beneficial conversion feature (BCF), which arises when a debt or equity security is issued with an embedded conversion option that is beneficial to the investor or in the money at inception because the conversion option has an effective strike price that is less than the market price of the underlying stock at the commitment date. The fair value of the common stock into which the Series C Preferred was convertible exceeded the allocated purchase price of the Series C Preferred at the closing dates by greater than the allocated purchase price. Therefore, the BCF was the purchase price of the Series C Preferred ($1.5 million) and was allocated to Additional Paid-in Capital, resulting in a discount on the Series C Preferred Stock. As the Series C Preferred Stock is immediately convertible, the Company accreted the discount on the date of issuance. The accretion to the carrying value of the Series C Preferred is treated as a deemed dividend, recorded as a charge to Additional Paid in Capital and deducted in computing earnings per share. Series D Preferred In June 2021, the Company received $1.5 million from an unrelated third party as an advance on a proposed sale of Series D Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock. As of September 30, 2021, the Company was in the process of negotiating and finalizing the terms of the arrangement. As the agreement was not finalized as of September 30, 2021, the $1.5 million advance was classified as Advance from Investor within liabilities on the balance sheet at that time. As of December 31, 2021, the terms had been finalized, the investment is classified as equity, similar to the prior Convertible Preferred issuances, above. The issuance of the Series D Preferred generated a beneficial conversion feature (BCF), which arises when a debt or equity security is issued with an embedded conversion option that is beneficial to the investor or in the money at inception because the conversion option has an effective strike price that is less than the market price of the underlying stock at the commitment date. The fair value of the common stock into which the Series D Preferred was convertible exceeded the allocated purchase price fair value of the Series D Preferred Stock at the closing dates by approximately $0.3 million as of the closing dates. We recognized this BCF by allocating the intrinsic value of the conversion option, to additional paid-in capital, resulting in a discount on the Series D Preferred. As the Series D Preferred is immediately convertible, the Company accreted the discount on the date of issuance. The accretion was recognized as dividend equivalents. Holders of the Series D Preferred will be entitled to receive quarterly dividends at the annual rate of 8% of the stated value ($10 per share). Such dividends may be paid in cash or in shares of common stock at the Company’s discretion. In addition, 128,572 warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock were issued with respect to this transaction. These warrants are exercisable until December 1, 2024, at the lower of $1.75 per share or 85% of the variable price based on the ten day volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the Company’s common stock. The value of these warrants was determined to be $230,000 and recorded as an allocation of paid in capital associated with this transaction. Warrants In connection with the Series A Offering, in 2020 the Company issued 792,660 warrants to purchase 792,660 shares of the Company’s common stock for $1 per share. During 2020, 597,500 warrants were exercised in cash-less exchange for 391,308 shares of the Company’s common stock. In January and February 2021, the remaining 195,160 warrants were exercised in a cash-less exchange for 103,104 shares of the Company’s common stock. An additional 128,572 warrants were issued with respect to the Series D transaction above. These warrants can be exercised for the Company’s common stock for $1.75 per share, or based on the ten day volume weighted average price (VWAP) of the Company’s common stock. The Company has applied the Black-Scholes model to value stock-based awards. That model incorporates various assumptions in the valuation of stock-based awards relating to the risk-free rate of interest to be applied, the estimated dividend yield and expected volatility of the Company’s Common Stock. The risk-free rate of interest is the U.S. Treasury yield curve for periods within the expected term of the option at the time of grant. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s Common Stock. The valuation assumptions we have applied to determine the value of warrants granted in 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
| - | Historical stock price volatility: The Company used the weekly closing price to calculate historical annual volatility which was a range from 68% - 167%.
| - | Risk-free interest rate: The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the rate payable on US treasury securities with a similar maturity in effect at the time of the grant, which was a range from .42% - 1.65%.
| - | Expected life: The expected life of the warrants represents the period of time warrants were expected to be outstanding. The Company used an expected life of 5 years.
| - | Dividend yield: The estimate for dividend yield is 0%, as the Company did not issue dividends during 2021 or 2020 and does not expect to do so in the foreseeable future.
| - | Estimated forfeitures: When estimating forfeitures, the Company considers historical terminations as well as anticipated retirements.
A summary of the Company’s stock warrant activity is as follows:
|  | Shares under Option |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  |  | 195,160 |  |  | $ | 1.00 |
Granted |  |  | 128,572 |  |  |  | 1.75 |
Cancelled/Expired |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1.00 |
Exercised/Issued |  |  | (195,160 | ) |  |  | 1.00 |
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 128,572 |  |  |  | 1.75 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 128,572 |  |  | $ | 1.75 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for terms, amounts, nature of changes, rights and privileges, dividends, and other matters related to preferred stock. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208762 + Details
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