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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2022
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2022, the consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, and stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, and all related disclosures contained in the accompanying notes, are unaudited. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 30, 2022. The consolidated financial statements are presented on the basis of accounting principles that are generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for a complete set of financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2022, and the results of operations and, comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2022, have been made. The interim results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022 or for any other reporting period. The consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2021 that are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2022. Going Concern Management considers that there are no conditions or events, in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date the financial statements are issued. The Company expects that its cash of approximately $29.1 million as of June 30, 2022 will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second half of 2023. This evaluation is based on relevant conditions and events that are known and reasonably knowable at the date that the financial statements are issued, including:
| a. | The Company’s current financial condition, including its sources of liquidity;
| b. | The Company’s conditional and unconditional obligations due or anticipated within one year;
| c. | The funds necessary to maintain the Company’s operations considering its current financial condition, obligations, and other expected cash flows; and
| d. | Other conditions and events, when considered in conjunction with the above, that may adversely affect the Company’s ability to meet its obligations.
The future viability of the Company beyond the second half of 2023 is dependent on its ability to raise additional capital to finance its operations. The Company does not currently have sufficient funds to complete development and commercialization of any of its drug candidates. Additional funding may not be available to the Company on favorable terms, or at all. If the Company is not able to secure additional funding when needed, it may have to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of its clinical trials or research and development programs or make changes to its operating plan. In addition, it may have to partner one or more of its product candidate programs at an earlier stage of development, which would lower the economic value of those programs to the Company. The Company’s inability to raise capital as and when needed could have a negative impact on its financial condition and ability to pursue its business strategies. Accounting standards adopted in the period In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance. This ASU requires business entities to make annual disclosures about transactions with a government they account for by analogizing to a grant or contribution accounting model under ASC 958-605 or based on International Accounting Standard No. 20. ASU 2021-10 became effective for us on January 1, 2022. The Company has evaluated the effect that this guidance has on its Consolidated Financial Statements and determined it does not have a material impact. In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). The new ASU addresses issuer’s accounting for certain modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options. This amendment became effective for us on January 1, 2022. This new guidance does not have a material impact on our financial statements for any past transactions, but it could change the way that the Company accounts for subsequent amendments to its outstanding warrants, if any. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)”. This standard provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform initiatives that would replace interbank offered rates, including the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). For example, modifications of lease contracts within the scope of ASC 842 solely for changes in reference rates would be accounted for as a continuation of the existing contracts with no reassessments of the lease classification and the discount rate. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company does not currently have any contracts affected by this guidance. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Financial instruments consist of cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their respective fair values due to the nature of the accounts, notably their short maturities. Comprehensive Income (Loss) All components of comprehensive income (loss), including net income (loss), are reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), including foreign currency translation adjustments, are reported, net of any related tax effect, to arrive at comprehensive income (loss). No taxes were recorded on items of other comprehensive income (loss). There were no reclassifications out of other comprehensive income (loss) during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2022. Revenue recognition When the Company enters into contracts with customers, the Company recognizes revenue using the five step-model provided in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”):
| (1) | identify the contract with a customer;
| (2) | identify the performance obligations in the contract;
| (3) | determine the transaction price;
| (4) | allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
| (5) | recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.
The transaction price includes fixed payments and an estimate of variable consideration, including milestone payments. The Company determines the variable consideration to be included in the transaction price by estimating the most likely amount that will be received and then applies a constraint to reduce the consideration to the amount which is probable of being received. When applying the constraint, the Company considers:
| ● | Whether achievement of a development milestone is highly susceptible to factors outside the entity’s influence, such as milestones involving the judgment or actions of third parties, including regulatory bodies;
| ● | Whether the uncertainty about the achievement of the milestone is not expected to be resolved for a long period of time;
| ● | Whether the Company can reasonably predict that a milestone will be achieved based on previous experience; and.
| ● | The complexity and inherent uncertainty underlying the achievement of the milestone.
The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative selling price of each performance obligation. The best estimate of the selling price is determined after considering all reasonably available information, including market data and conditions, entity-specific factors such as the cost structure of the deliverable and internal profit and pricing objectives. The revenue allocated to each performance obligation is recognized as or when the Company satisfies the performance obligation. The Company recognizes a contract asset, when the value of satisfied (or part satisfied) performance obligations is in excess of the payment due to the Company, and deferred revenue when the amount of unconditional consideration is in excess of the value of satisfied (or part satisfied) performance obligations. Once a right to receive consideration is unconditional, that amount is presented as a receivable. Grant revenue received from organizations that are not the Company’s customers, such as charitable foundations or government agencies, is presented as a reduction against the related research and development expenses. Leases The Company accounts for lease contracts in accordance with ASC 842. As of June 30, 2022, the Company’s only outstanding facilities lease is classified as an operating lease. The Company recognizes an asset for the right to use an underlying leased asset for the lease term and records lease liabilities based on the present value of the Company’s obligation to make lease payments under the lease. As the Company’s lease does not specify an implicit rate, the Company uses a best estimate of its incremental borrowing rate to discount the future lease payments. The Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate based on observable information about risk-free interest rates that are the same tenure as the lease term, adjusted for various factors, including the effects of assumed collateral, the nature of how the loan is repaid (e.g., amortizing versus bullet), and the Company’s credit risk. The Company evaluates options included in its lease agreement to extend or terminate the lease. The Company will reflect the effects of exercising those options in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. In assessing whether it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise an option, the Company considers factors such as:
| ● | The lease payments due in any optional period;
| ● | Penalties for failure to exercise (or not exercise) the option;
| ● | Market factors, such as the availability of similar assets and current rental rates for such assets;
| ● | The nature of the underlying leased asset and its importance to the Company’s operations; and
| ● | The remaining useful lives of any related leasehold improvements.
Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments, if any, are recognized in the period when the obligation to make those payments is incurred. Lease incentives received prior to lease commencement are recorded as a reduction in the right-of-use asset. Fixed lease incentives received after lease commencement reduce both the lease liability and the right-of-use asset. The Company has elected an accounting policy to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

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