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Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements |
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] | NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and are expressed in U.S. dollars. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its former wholly-owned subsidiary, DERMAdoctor, LLC. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Subsequent to December 31, 2023, on March 25, 2024, we closed the DERMAdoctor Divestiture. See additional information in Note 21, “Subsequent Events”. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ significantly from those estimates. Significant estimates made by management include, but are not limited to, contract liabilities related to product sales such as product returns, assumptions for valuing warrants, assumptions for valuing derivative liabilities, the fair value of contingent consideration, intangible assets, goodwill, stock-based compensation, income taxes and other contingencies. These estimates are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates, judgments, and assumptions are continuously evaluated and are based on management’s experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Uncertainty about these assumptions, judgments and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Highly Liquid Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly-liquid instruments with a stated maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were held in a major financial institution in the United States. The following table provides a reconciliation of the cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported in the consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):
|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 3,130 |  |  | $ | 5,362 |
Restricted cash included in other assets |  |  | 476 |  |  |  | 484 |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows |  | $ | 3,606 |  |  | $ | 5,846 |
The restricted cash amount included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets represents amounts held as certificates of deposit for long-term financing and lease arrangements as contractually required by our financial institution and landlord. Concentrations of Credit Risk and Major Partners Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. The Company maintains deposits of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash with a major financial institution in the United States. The Company has a significant amount of its cash balances at financial institutions which throughout the year regularly exceed the federally insured limit of $250,000. Any loss incurred or a lack of access to such funds could have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, revenues from significant product categories were as follows (in thousands):
|  | For the Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Avenova Spray |  | $ | 7,805 |  |  | $ | 7,651 |
DERMAdoctor |  |  | 3,552 |  |  |  | 4,155 |
NeutroPhase |  |  | 1,377 |  |  |  | 976 |
Other products |  |  | 1,953 |  |  |  | 1,592 |
Total product revenue, net |  |  | 14,687 |  |  |  | 14,374 |
Other revenue, net |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 30 |
Total sales, net |  | $ | 14,726 |  |  | $ | 14,404 |
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, revenues were derived primarily from sales of Avenova and DERMAdoctor branded products, directly to consumers through Amazon.com, Avenova.com and DERMAdoctor.com. Sales of Avenova Spray via Amazon comprised 67% and 73% of total Avenova Spray net revenue during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Subsequent to December 31, 2023, on March 25, 2024, we closed the DERMAdoctor Divestiture. See additional information in Note 21, “Subsequent Events”. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, accounts receivable from our major distribution partners and major retailers greater than 10% were as follows:
|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
Major distribution partner |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Chongqing Pioneer Pharma Holdings Limited |  |  | 32 | % |  |  | 11 | %
Major U.S. Retailer A |  |  | 21 | % |  |  | * | %
Avenova Spray Pharmacy Distributor A |  |  | 12 | % |  |  | 30 | %
Major U.S. Retailer B |  |  | * | % |  |  | 15 | %
* Less than 10% The Company relies on seven contract manufacturers to produce its products. The Company does not have any manufacturing facilities and intends to continue to rely on third parties for the supply of finished goods. Contract manufacturers may or may not be able to meet the Company’s needs with respect to timing, quantity or quality. In particular, it is possible that the Company may suffer from unexpected delays in light of the global supply chain issues. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, warrant liabilities, and contingent consideration. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities are carried at cost, which management believes approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company follows Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, with respect to assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and nonrecurring basis. Under this standard, fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The standard also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based upon the best information available in the circumstances. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 – quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable; and Level 3 – inputs that are unobservable (for example, cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions). Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. See additional information in Note 3, “Fair Value Measurements”. Allowance for Credit Losses The Company maintains an allowance for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to meet their financial obligations to the Company. The Company recognizes an allowance for credit losses based on factors such as historical experience, contract terms and general and market business conditions. The Company’s future collection experience can differ significantly from historical collection trends due to such factors as changing customer circumstances and uncertain economic and industry trends. The allowance is re-evaluated on a regular basis and adjusted as needed. Once a receivable is deemed to be uncollectible, such balance is charged against the allowance. Management recorded a reserve for allowance for credit losses of $3 thousand and $19 thousand as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Inventory Inventory is comprised of (1) raw materials and supplies, such as bottles, packaging materials, labels, boxes and pumps; (2) goods in progress, which are normally filled but unlabeled bottles; and (3) finished goods. The Company utilizes contract manufacturers to produce our products and the price paid to these manufacturers is included in inventory. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value determined by the first-in, first-out method. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, management had recorded an allowance for excess and obsolete inventory and lower of cost or estimated net realizable value adjustments of $627 thousand and $499 thousand, respectively. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets of five to seven years for office and laboratory equipment, three to five years for computer equipment and software, and five to seven years for furniture and fixtures. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term. The costs of normal maintenance, repairs, and minor replacements are expensed as incurred. Business Combinations, Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. The acquisition method requires that identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recognized and measured at fair value on the acquisition date, which is the date that the acquirer obtains control of the acquired business. Intangible assets are measured at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date. Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the estimated fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the assets are impaired. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment by first performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether a quantitative goodwill test is necessary. If it is determined, based on qualitative factors, that the fair value of the reporting unit may more likely than not be less than carrying amount, or if significant adverse changes in the Company’s future financial performance occur that could materially impact fair value, a quantitative goodwill impairment test would be required. Additionally, management can elect to forgo the qualitative assessment and perform the quantitative test. If the qualitative assessment indicates that the quantitative analysis should be performed, or if management elects to bypass a qualitative assessment, the Company then evaluates goodwill for impairment by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. The quantitative assessment for goodwill requires management to estimate the fair value of the Company’s reporting units using either an income or market approach or a combination thereof. Management makes critical assumptions and estimates in completing impairment assessments of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company’s cash flow projections look several years into the future and include assumptions on variables such as future sales and operating margin growth rates, economic conditions, probability of success, market competition, inflation and discount rates. The Company acquired DERMAdoctor in November 2021, and since completing this transaction it worked to integrate and expand the DERMAdoctor business in order to achieve strategic objectives that the Company expected by completing this acquisition, including revenue growth, cost reductions and achieving overall profitability. The Company was not able to achieve these objectives. As a result, management continued to revise its forecast for the future performance of DERMAdoctor branded products. Additionally, subsequent to December 31, 2023, on March 25, 2024, we closed the DERMAdoctor Divestiture. See additional information in Note 21, “Subsequent Events”. During the fourth quarters of 2022 and 2023, the Company performed its annual goodwill impairment analysis following the steps laid out in ASC 350-20-35-3C. The Company’s annual impairment analysis included a qualitative assessment to determine if it is necessary to perform the quantitative impairment test. In performing the qualitative assessment, the Company reviewed events and circumstances that could affect the significant inputs used to determine if the fair value is less than the carrying value of goodwill. The Company performed a Step 0 goodwill impairment analysis and determined that the fair value of the reporting unit may more likely than not be less than carrying amount, which necessitated the Company performing the quantitative impairment test. After performing the quantitative impairment test in accordance with ASC 350-20-35-3C, the Company determined that goodwill related to its DERMAdoctor reporting unit was fully impaired as of December 31, 2023 which resulted in goodwill impairment charges of $0.3 million and $4.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is reflected in the goodwill, intangible and other asset impairment caption in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The impact of the impairments on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was a $0.3 million and $4.2 million reduction to the goodwill caption, respectively. During the fourth quarters of 2023 and 2022, the Company also performed its indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment assessment. The Company evaluated, on the basis of the weight of the evidence, the significance of all identified events and circumstances that could affect the significant inputs used to determine the fair value of the Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets were impaired. After assessing the totality of events and circumstances, and their potential effect on significant inputs to the fair value calculation, the Company determined that it is more likely than not that its indefinite-lived intangible assets related to its DERMAdoctor reporting unit were impaired. As such, the Company performed a quantitative impairment test on its indefinite-lived intangible assets. Based on the quantitative impairment test, the Company determined that its indefinite-lived trade name intangible asset should be fully impaired as of December 31, 2023, which resulted in a $1.1 million and $1.0 million impairment charge being recorded during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is reflected in the goodwill, intangible and other asset impairment caption in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Valuation of Contingent Consideration Resulting from a Business Combination In connection with the DERMAdoctor Acquisition, the Company was subject to paying consideration that was contingent upon the achievement of specified milestone events. The Company recorded this contingent consideration at its fair value on the acquisition date. Each quarter thereafter, the Company revalued the contingent consideration and recorded changes in fair value within the consolidated statements of operations. The DERMAdoctor Acquisition milestone events consisted of financial targets for calendar years 2022 and 2023 which were not met. As a result, the liability recorded for potential earn out payments in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets was zero as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company recognized a $0.6 million non-cash gain related to the change in fair value of the contingent consideration for the year ended December 31, 2022, which is reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Long-Lived Assets The Company’s intangible assets that do not have indefinite lives (primarily trade secrets / product formulations) are amortized over their estimated useful lives. All of the Company’s intangible assets subject to amortization and other long-lived assets, are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, which requires that companies consider whether events or changes in facts and circumstances, both internally and externally, may indicate that an impairment of long-lived assets held for use are present. The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable or that the useful lives of these assets are no longer appropriate. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the asset, the assets are written down to their estimated fair values and the loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. In connection with the above-mentioned DERMAdoctor reporting unit impairments, discussed in the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets caption above, the Company determined that all of the DERMAdoctor business definite long-lived intangible assets and property and equipment were also impaired. As such, the Company recorded an impairment charge in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 of $1.0 million and $1.6 million, respectively, for the impairment of long-lived intangible assets which is reflected in the caption goodwill, intangible and other asset impairment in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations; $0.1 million for the impairment of a right-of-use asset which is reflected in the caption goodwill, intangible and other asset impairment in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations in the year ended December 31, 2023; and of $2 thousand and $66 thousand, net in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, for property and equipment which is reflected in the general and administrative expenses caption in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Leases At the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances present. Operating lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. The interest rate implicit in lease contracts is typically not readily determinable. As such, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate incurred to borrow, on a collateralized basis over a similar term, an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Certain adjustments to the right-of-use assets may be required for items such as initial direct costs paid or incentives received. Additionally, the Company determined that a right-of-use asset related to the DERMAdoctor business had been fully impaired as of December 31, 2023. Accordingly, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $0.1 million which is reflected in the caption goodwill, intangible and other asset impairment in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations in the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company has elected to combine lease and non-lease components as a single component. This will potentially result in the initial and subsequent measurement of the balances of the right-of-use assets and lease liability for leases being greater than if the policy election was not applied. Leases include variable components (e.g., common area maintenance) that are paid separately from the monthly base payment based on actual costs incurred and therefore were not included in the right-of-use assets and lease liability but are reflected as an expense in the period incurred. The lease expense is recognized over the expected term on a straight-line basis. Operating leases are recognized in the consolidated balance sheet as right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities current and operating lease liabilities non-current. Common Stock Warrants The Company accounts for common stock purchase warrants issued in connection with its equity offerings in accordance with the provisions of ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (ASC 815). The Company classifies as equity any warrants that (i) require physical share settlement or net-share settlement or (ii) give the Company a choice of net-cash settlement (physical share settlement or net-share settlement). The Company classifies as liabilities any warrants that (i) require net-cash settlement, (ii) give the counterparty a choice of net-cash physical settlement or net-share settlement. In accordance with ASC 815, the Company also classifies as liabilities any warrants for which the shares underlying the contract are subject to stockholder approval before the warrant can be exercised. For warrants that are classified as liabilities, the Company records the fair value of the warrants upon issuance and at each balance sheet date with changes in the estimated fair value recorded as a non-cash gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations. The fair values of these warrants are determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. These values are subject to a significant degree of management’s judgment. See Note 3, “Fair Value Measurements”, subheading “Black Scholes Valuation Model Assumptions” and Note 13, “Common Stock Warrants”, subheading “Summary of Common Stock Warrant Liabilities”. Amendments to warrant terms are recorded as a non-cash gain or loss on modification of common stock warrants. The gain or loss represents the decrease or increase in the fair value of the amended warrants when comparing the value immediately before and after amendment using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. See Note 3, “Fair Value Measurements”, subheading “Black Scholes Valuation Model Assumptions”. Preferred Stock Terms of the Company’s outstanding Preferred Stock include a Ratchet whereby the applicable conversion price may be adjusted (see Note 14, “Stockholders’ Equity”). When this occurs, the Company records a deemed dividend as a reduction to income available to common stockholders. In accordance with ASC 820, the deemed dividend is measured as the difference between (1) the fair value of the Preferred Stock immediately prior to the conversion price adjustment (but without the anti-dilution protection feature) and (2) the fair value of the Preferred Stock immediately after the conversion price adjustment (but without the anti-dilution protection feature). These fair values are determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. These values are subject to a significant degree of management’s judgment. See also Note 3, “Fair Value Measurements”, subheading “Black Scholes Valuation Model Assumptions”. Revenue Recognition The Company’s product revenue recognition policies are established in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, in accordance with the following five steps:
| i. | identify the contract(s) with a customer;
| ii. | identify the performance obligations in the contract;
| iii. | determine the transaction price;
| iv. | allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
| v. | recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies performance obligations.
Revenue is recognized in accordance with the amount of consideration which the Company expects to receive. Revenue generated from end consumers through third-party online retailers, such as Amazon, as well as the Company’s web stores (Avenova.com and DERMAdoctor.com) is recognized on a “sell-through” basis when control of the goods is transferred to the consumer, which generally occurs upon delivery of the products to the party fulfilling the consumer’s order. Revenue is recorded net of any discounts and estimates for refunds and product returns. Fees paid to third-party online retailers and fulfillment parties are recorded as incurred in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Fulfillment and shipping and handling fees are recorded as product cost of goods sold. Selling commissions and advertising and promotion fees are recorded as sales and marketing expenses. Revenue generated through major pharmacy distributors is recognized on a “sell-in” basis when control of the goods is transferred to the distributor, which generally occurs upon delivery of the products to the distributor. Revenue is recorded net of consideration for contract liabilities for distributor services, discounts, rebates, and product returns. The Company estimates returns and other contract liabilities based on historical data which is updated quarterly. Payment for product supply is typically due 30 days after delivery to the distributor. Revenue generated from end consumers through the Company’s partner pharmacies is recognized on a “sell-through” basis when control of the goods is transferred to the consumer. Revenue generated from Costco is recognized on a “sell-in” basis when control of the goods is transferred to Costco, which generally occurs upon delivery of the products to Costco. Revenue is recorded net of consideration for discounts and product returns. The Company estimates returns based on historical data which is updated quarterly. Revenue generated from other retailers is recognized on a “sell-through” basis, net of estimated future product returns, when control of the goods is transferred to the retailer, which generally occurs upon delivery of the products to a third-party carrier who is delivering the products to the retailer. The Company defers recognition for pre-payments until the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied. Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold includes third-party manufacturing costs, shipping and handling costs, third-party fulfillment fees, and other costs associated with products sold. Cost of goods sold also includes any necessary allowances for excess and obsolete inventory as well as lower of cost and estimated net realizable value. Research and Development Costs The Company charges research and development costs to expense as incurred. These costs include all costs associated with research, development and regulatory activities. Patent Costs Patent costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. Patent expenses are included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed in the period in which the costs are incurred. Advertising costs are included in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Advertising expenses were $1.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Stock-Based Compensation The Company’s stock-based compensation includes grants of stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees, consultants and non-employee directors. The expense associated with these grants is recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations based on their fair values as they are earned under the applicable vesting terms. For stock options granted, the fair value of the stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company accounts for RSUs issued to employees and non-employees (directors, consultants and advisory board members) based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of issuance. See Note 15, “Equity-Based Compensation” for further information regarding stock-based compensation expense and the assumptions used in estimating the expense. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be recognized. Net Loss per Share The Company computes net loss per share by presenting both basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) as shown in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period, including stock options and warrants, using the treasury stock method. In computing diluted EPS, the average stock price for the period is used to determine the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants. Potentially dilutive common share equivalents are excluded from the diluted EPS computation in net loss periods if their effect would be anti-dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as their inclusion on an “if converted” basis would have been anti-dilutive. The Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock were considered anti-dilutive because such securities did not have a contractual obligation to participate in losses of the Company. The following outstanding preferred stock, stock options and stock warrants were excluded from the diluted EPS computation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive:
|  | As of December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Common stock equivalent of Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”) |  |  | 22,428,000 |  |  |  | 1,847,580 |
Common stock equivalent of Series C Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series C Preferred Stock”) |  |  | 4,388,000 |  |  |  | 357,750 |
Stock options |  |  | 124,897 |  |  |  | 131,954 |
Stock warrants |  |  | 7,382,447 |  |  |  | 2,305,519 |
|  |  | 34,323,344 |  |  |  | 4,642,803 |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Changes to U.S. GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of Accounting Standard Updates (“ASUs”) to the FASB ASC. We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs and any not listed below were assessed and determined to be not applicable or are expected to have a minimal impact on our consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The amendments in ASU 2016-13 require a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company for annual and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2023. The Company adopted the new standard effective January 1, 2023, and the adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 (“ASU 2023-09”) Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires public companies to annually disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income or loss by the applicable statutory income tax rate). ASU 2023-09 will be effective for the annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2023-09 and does not expect it to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 requires disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included within the segment measure of profit or loss, an amount and description of its composition for other segment items to reconcile to segment profit or loss, and the title and position of the entity’s CODM. ASU 2023-07 is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2024, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect that the updated standard will have a significant impact on our financial statement disclosures.

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