<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001437749-25-036357.txt : 20251125
<SEC-HEADER>0001437749-25-036357.hdr.sgml : 20251125
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20251125172644
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001437749-25-036357
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-8
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		15
REFERENCES 429:			333-218469
REFERENCES 429:			333-222625
REFERENCES 429:			333-236328
REFERENCES 429:			333-252155
REFERENCES 429:			333-264953
REFERENCES 429:			333-271053
REFERENCES 429:			333-280388
FILED AS OF DATE:		20251125
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20251125
EFFECTIVENESS DATE:		20251125

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001389545
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		EIN:				680454536
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-8
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-291792
		FILM NUMBER:		251522739

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		2000 POWELL STREET, SUITE 1150
		CITY:			EMERYVILLE
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94608
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(510) 899-8800

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		2000 POWELL STREET, SUITE 1150
		CITY:			EMERYVILLE
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94608
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-8
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>nby20251125_s8.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM S-8
<TEXT>
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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 25, 2025.</p>
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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Registration No. 333-</p>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Washington, D.C. 20549</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>FORM S-8</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">REGISTRATION STATEMENT</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">UNDER</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</p>

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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: center; margin: 0pt;"><b>Delaware </b></p>
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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: center; margin: 0pt;"><b>68-0454536</b></p>
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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: center; margin: 0pt;">(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)</p>
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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>2000 Powell Street, Suite 1150, Emeryville, CA 94608</b><br>
<b>(510) 899-8800</b><br>
(Address, including zip code, of Principal Executive Offices)</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan</b><br>
(Full title of the plan)</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Michael Kazley</b><br>
<b>Chief Executive Officer</b><br>
<b>2000 Powell Street, Suite 1150</b><br>
<b>Emeryville, CA 94608</b><br>
<b>(510) 899-8838</b><br>
(Name, address, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Copies to:<br>
<b>Rachel Phillips</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Ropes &amp; Gray LLP</b><br>
<b>1211 Avenue of the Americas</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>New York, NY 10036</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>(212) 596-9000</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company,&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;">Large accelerated filer &#9744;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Accelerated filer &#9744;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;">Non-accelerated filer &#9746;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Smaller reporting company &#9746;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Emerging growth company &#9744;</p>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. &#9744;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b>EXPLANATORY NOTE</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">This Registration Statement on Form S-8 registers a total of 1,195,428 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;), of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), for issuance under the NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the &#8220;Plan&#8221;).</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">The number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the stockholder-approved Plan is subject to an automatic annual increase on the first day of each of the Company&#8217;s fiscal years beginning on January 1, 2018 and ending on January 1, 2027 by an amount equal to (i) four percent (4%) of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year or (ii) such lesser number of shares of Common Stock as determined by the Board of Directors (the &#8220;Board&#8221;). For 2025, the Board authorized an increase of 195,428 shares of Common Stock under the Plan effective January 1, 2025, representing four percent (4%) of the 4,885,693 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024. In addition, on October 16, 2025, the Company&#8217;s stockholders approved an increase of 1,000,000 shares available for issuance under the Plan pursuant to a stockholder vote at the Company&#8217;s 2025 stockholder meeting. These shares are in addition to the 1,892 shares of Common Stock registered on the Company&#8217;s Form S-8 filed on June 2, 2017 (File No. 333-218469), the 17,582 shares of Common Stock registered on the Company&#8217;s Form S-8 filed on January 19, 2018 (File No. 333-222625) pursuant to the annual increase in 2018 according to the Plan&#8217;s evergreen provision, the 1,470 shares of Common Stock registered on the Company&#8217;s Form S-8 filed on February 7, 2020 (File No. 333-236328) pursuant to the annual increases in 2019 and 2020 according to the Plan&#8217;s evergreen provision (with 558 shares of Common Stock from the 2019 annual increase and 912 shares of Common Stock from the 2020 annual increase), the 1,364 shares of Common Stock registered on the Company&#8217;s Form S-8 filed on January 15, 2021 (File No. 333-252155) pursuant to the annual increase in 2021 according to the Plan&#8217;s evergreen provision, the 1,559 shares of Common Stock registered on the Company&#8217;s Form S-8 filed on May 13, 2022 (File No. 333-264953) pursuant to the annual increase in 2022 according to the Plan&#8217;s evergreen provision, the 2,326 shares of Common Stock registered on the Company&#8217;s Form S-8 filed on March 31, 2023 (File No. 333-271053) pursuant to the annual increase in 2023 according to the Plan&#8217;s evergreen provision, and the 12,219 shares of Common Stock registered on the Company&#8217;s Form S-8 filed on June 21, 2024 (File No. 333-280388) pursuant to the annual increase in 2024 according to the Plan&#8217;s evergreen provision.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">Since the Plan provides that the annual increase in the aggregate number of shares that may be issued pursuant to the Plan&#8217;s evergreen provision begins for fiscal years commencing January 1, 2018, this Registration Statement accounts for the seventh share increase under the evergreen provision. The number of shares of Common Stock registered under each prior Registration Statement listed above has been adjusted to account for all previous stock splits.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">The contents of the prior Registration Statements on Form S-8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;Commission&#8221;) on June 2, 2017, January 19, 2018, February 7, 2020, January 15, 2021, May 13, 2022, March 31, 2023 and June 21, 2024 (File Nos. <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001389545/000143774917010557/nby20170522_s8.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>333-218469</u></a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001389545/000143774918000850/nby20180117_s8.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>333-222625</u></a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001389545/000143774920002052/nby20200206_s8.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>333-236328</u></a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001389545/000143774921000770/nby20210114_s8.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>333-252155</u></a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774922012388/nby20220511_s8.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>333-264953</u></a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774923008873/nby20230328_s8.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>333-271053</u></a> and <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774924020964/nby20240620_s8.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">333-280388</a> respectively), are incorporated herein by reference and made part of this Registration Statement.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">This Registration Statement relates to securities of the same class as those to which the prior Registration Statements listed directly above relate, and is submitted in accordance with General Instruction E to Form S-8 regarding the Registration of Additional Securities. Pursuant to General Instruction E of Form S-8, the contents of the prior Registration Statements are incorporated herein by reference and made part of this Registration Statement, except as amended hereby.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>PART II</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT</b></p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Item 3.</b></p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Incorporation of Documents by Reference.</b></p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:45pt;">The following documents filed by the Company with the Commission are incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement:</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">1.</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">The Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the Commission on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774925010730/nby20241231_10k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">April&nbsp;2, 2024</a>;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">2.</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">The Company&#8217;s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2025, as filed with the Commission on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774925017064/nby20250331_10q.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">May&nbsp;15, 2025</a>, June 30, 2025, as filed with the Commission on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774925026970/nby20250630_10q.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">August 14, 2025</a>, and September 30, 2025, as filed with the Commission on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774925033852/nby20250930_10q.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">November 7, 2025</a>;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">3.</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">The Company&#8217;s Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774925000796/nby20250107_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">January 10, 2025</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774925001566/nby20250120_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">January 22, 2025</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774925001634/nby20250123_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">January 23, 2025</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774925002747/nby20250203_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">February 4, 2025</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774925006555/nby20250307_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">March 7, 2025</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774925007045/nby20250310_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">March 11, 2025</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774925012710/nby20250421_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">April 22, 2025</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000182912625006520/novabay_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">August 19, 2025</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000182912625006735/novabay_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">August 26, 2025</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000182912625007992/novabay_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">October 9, 2025</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000182912625008237/novabay_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">October 20, 2025</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000182912625008295/novabay_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">October 21, 2025</a> and <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000182912625008338/novabay_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">October 22, 2025</a>; and</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">4.</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">The description of the Company&#8217;s Common Stock which is contained in the Company&#8217;s registration statement on Form 8-A, as filed with the Commission on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000119312507191730/d8a12b.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>August 29, 2007</u></a><u>,</u>&nbsp;as updated by the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774911004362/novabay_8k-062711.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>June 29, 2011</u></a>, and including any amendments or reports filed for the purposes of updating this description, including <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774925010730/ex_793560.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Exhibit 4.1</a>&nbsp;to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2024.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:45pt;">All reports and other documents subsequently filed by the Company pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment which indicates that all securities offered have been sold or which deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference herein and to be a part of this Registration Statement from the date of the filing of such reports and documents. Any such information so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute part of this Registration Statement.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:45pt;">Notwithstanding the foregoing, we are not incorporating by reference information furnished under Items 2.02 and 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K, including the related exhibits, nor any other document or information deemed to have been furnished and not filed in accordance with Commission rules.</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Description of Securities. </b></p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:45pt;">Not applicable.</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Interests of Named Experts and Counsel.</b></p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:45pt;">The validity of the issuance of the shares of Common Stock registered under this Registration Statement has been passed upon for the Company by Ropes &amp; Gray LLP.</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Indemnification of Directors and Officers.</b></p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:45pt;">The Company&#8217;s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, provides that the liability of the directors for monetary damages shall be eliminated to the fullest extent under applicable law. If the Delaware General Corporation Law is amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of a director of the Company shall be eliminated to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as so amended. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, no director will be personally liable to the Company or the Company&#8217;s stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability:</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">for any breach of the duty of loyalty to the Company or the Company&#8217;s stockholders;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;</p>
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			<td style="width: 9pt;">&nbsp;</td>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">for unlawful payment of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; and</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:45pt;">The Company&#8217;s amended and restated bylaws provide that:</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">the Company is required to indemnify the Company&#8217;s directors and executive officers to the fullest extent not prohibited by Delaware law, subject to limited exceptions;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">the Company may indemnify the Company&#8217;s other employees and agents as set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">the Company is required to advance expenses to the Company&#8217;s directors and executive officers as incurred in connection with legal proceedings against them for which they may be indemnified, against an undertaking by the indemnified party to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined that the indemnified party is not entitled to indemnification; and</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">the rights conferred in the amended and restated bylaws are not exclusive.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:45pt;">The information provided above is a summary of relevant provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, our amended and restated bylaws and certain provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law. We urge you to read the full text of these documents, forms of which have been filed with the Commission, as well as the referenced provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law because they are the legal documents and provisions that will govern matters of indemnification with respect to our directors and officers.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:45pt;">The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with each of the Company&#8217;s directors and executive officers that require the Company to indemnify these persons against all direct and indirect costs of any type or nature whatsoever, including attorney&#8217;s fees, witness fees, and other out-of-pocket costs of whatever nature, incurred by the director or officer in any action or proceeding, whether actual, pending or threatened, subject to certain limitations, to which any of these people may be made a party by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or an executive officer of the Company or is or was serving or at any time serves at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or other agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:45pt;">The Company has purchased insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the Company against any loss arising from any claim asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, subject to certain exclusions.</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Item 7.</b></p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Exemption from Registration Claimed.</b></p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Not applicable.</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Exhibits.</b></p>
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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;"><b>Exhibit No.</b></p>
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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;"><b>Description of Document</b></p>
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			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">3.1</p>
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			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774918005177/ex_107885.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company&#8217;</u><u>s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Commission on March 21, 2018 (File No. 001-33678))</u></a></p>
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			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
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		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">3.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774918011215/ex_115851.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company&#8217;</u><u>s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Commission on June 4, 2018 (File No. 001-33678))</u></a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">3.3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774920011939/ex_188182.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company&#8217;</u><u>s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Commission on May 28, 2020 (File No. 001-33678))</u></a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">3.4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774921013167/ex_252546.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company&#8217;</u><u>s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Commission on May 24, 2021 (File No. 001-33678))</u></a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">3.5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774922002101/ex_330469.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company&#8217;</u><u>s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Commission on February 1, 2022 (File No. 001-33678))</u></a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">3.6</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774922027767/ex_448350.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company&#8217;</u><u>s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Commission on November 18, 2022 (File No. 001-33678))</u></a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">3.7</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774924018930/ex_681989.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company&#8217;</u><u>s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Commission on May 31, 2024 (File No. 001-33678))</u></a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">3.8</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000182912625008237/novabay_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Commission on October 20, 2025 (File No. 001-33678))</a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">3.9</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774921024705/ex_300010.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>Certificate of Designation for the Series B Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company&#8217;</u><u>s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Commission on November 1, 2021 (File No. 001-33678))</u></a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">3.10</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774922027767/ex_448351.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>Certificate of Designation for the Series C Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company&#8217;</u><u>s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Commission on November 18, 2022 (File No. 001-33678))</u></a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">3.11</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000182912625006520/novabay_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Certificate of Designation for the Series D Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Commission on August 19, 2025 (File No. 001-33678))</a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">3.12</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000182912625008338/novabay_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Certificate of Designation for the Series E Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Commission on October 22, 2025 (File No. 001-33678))</a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">3.13</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774923017421/ex_533113.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>Amended and Restated Bylaws of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company&#8217;</u><u>s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Commission on June 14, 2023)</u></a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">4.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;">Reference is made to Exhibits <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774918005177/ex_107885.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>3.1</u></a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774918011215/ex_115851.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>3.2</u></a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774920011939/ex_188182.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>3.3</u></a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774921013167/ex_252546.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>3.4</u></a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774922002101/ex_330469.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>3.5</u></a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774922027767/ex_448350.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>3.6</u></a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774924018930/ex_681989.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;"><u>3.7</u></a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000182912625008237/novabay_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">3.8</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774921024705/ex_300010.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">3.9</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774922027767/ex_448351.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">3.10</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000182912625006520/novabay_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">3.11</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000182912625008338/novabay_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">3.12</a>, and <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774923017421/ex_533113.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">3.13</a>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">4.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774924020964/ex_691229.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Company&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form S-8, as filed with the Commission on June 2, 2017 (SEC File No. 280388))</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">5.1*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="ex_893288.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Opinion of Ropes &amp; Gray LLP</a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">23.1*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="ex_893289.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Consent of WithumSmith+Brown, PC</a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">23.2*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="ex_893288.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Consent of Ropes &amp; Gray LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)</a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">24.1*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="#poa" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Power of Attorney to file future amendments (set forth on the signature page of this Registration Statement)</a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">99.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774917010557/ex99-1.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-218469), as filed with the Commission on June 2, 2017)</a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">99.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774917010557/ex99-2.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Forms of agreements for use under the NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-218469), as filed with the Commission on June 2, 2017)</a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">107*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;"><a href="ex_893290.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Filing Fee Table</a></p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">* Exhibits marked with an asterisk (*) are filed herewith.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<div class="PGBK" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt">
<div class="PGFTR" style="text-align: center; width: 100%">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell PGNUM">&nbsp;</div>
</div>
</div>

<hr style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always; border: none; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000">
<div class="PGHDR" style="text-align: left; width: 100%">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&nbsp;</div>
</div>
</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 54pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b>Item 9.</b></p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b>Undertakings. </b></p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:45pt;">Incorporated by reference to Item 9 in the Company&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed with the Commission on June 2, 2017.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<div class="PGBK" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt">
<div class="PGNUM" style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&nbsp;</div>

<hr style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always; border: none; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000">
<div class="PGHDR" style="text-align: left; width: 100%">&nbsp;</div>
</div>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Company certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Emeryville, State of California on November 25, 2025.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0pt" cellspacing="0pt" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt;">

		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;"><b>NOVABAY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.</b></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 98%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 98%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); vertical-align: top; width: 98%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">/s/ Michael Kazley</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 98%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Michael Kazley</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 98%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Chief Executive Officer</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;<a id="poa" name="poa"></a></p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that each of the undersigned officers and directors does hereby constitute and appoint Michael Kazley or his substitute or substitutes, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power and authority to do any and all acts and things and to execute and file or cause to be filed any and all instruments, documents or exhibits which said attorney and agent determines may be necessary or advisable or required to enable said corporation to comply with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any rules or regulations or requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with this Registration Statement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing power and authority, the powers granted include the power and authority to sign the names of the undersigned officers and directors in the capacities indicated below to this Registration Statement, to any and all amendments, both pre-effective and post-effective, and supplements to this Registration Statement and to any and all instruments, documents or exhibits filed as part of, or in conjunction with, this Registration Statement or amendments or supplements thereof, with the powers of substitution and revocation, and each of the undersigned hereby ratifies and confirms all that said attorney and agent, or his substitute or substitutes, shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. In witness whereof, each of the undersigned has executed this Power of Attorney as of the dates indicated below.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. This document may be executed by the signatories hereto on any number of counterparts, all of which shall constitute one and the same instrument.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;">

		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:solid 1px #000000;vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Signature</b></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:solid 1px #000000;vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Title</b></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:solid 1px #000000;vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Date</b></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:solid 1px #000000;vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">/s/ Michael Kazley</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Chief Executive Officer and Chairman</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">November 25, 2025</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Michael Kazley</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i>(principal executive officer)</i></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:solid 1px #000000;vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">/s/ Tommy Law</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Chief Financial Officer</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">November 25, 2025</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Tommy Law</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i>(principal financial and accounting officer)</i></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:solid 1px #000000;vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">/s/ Paul E. Freiman</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Director</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">November 25, 2025</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Paul E. Freiman, Ph.D</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:solid 1px #000000;vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">/s/ Swan Sit</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Director</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">November 25, 2025</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Swan Sit</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-bottom:solid 1px #000000;vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">/s/ Yenyou (Jeff) Zheng</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Director</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">November 25, 2025</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Yenyou (Jeff) Zheng, Ph.D</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:auto;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<div class="LAST-PAGE-BREAK">
<div class="PGFTR">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell PGNUM">&nbsp;</div>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>ex_893288.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
<html><head>
	<title>ex_893288.htm</title>

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<body style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; padding: 0in 0.1in; cursor: auto;">
<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; text-align: right; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; text-align: right; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit 5.1</b></font></p>

<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0pt" cellspacing="0pt" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt;">

		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<div><img alt="rglogo.jpg" src="rglogo.jpg"></div>
			</td>
			<td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 85%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">ROPES &amp; GRAY LLP</p>

			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">1211 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS<br>
			NEW YORK, NY 10036-8704</p>

			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">WWW.ROPESGRAY.COM</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">November 25, 2025</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">2000 Powell Street, Suite 1150</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Emeryville, CA 94608</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Re: <u>Registration Statement on Form S-8</u></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Ladies and Gentlemen:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">This opinion is furnished to you in connection with the registration statement on Form S-8 (the &#8220;<u>Registration Statement</u>&#8221;), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;<u>Commission</u>&#8221;) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;<u>Securities Act</u>&#8221;), for the registration of an aggregate of 1,195,428 shares (the &#8220;<u>Shares</u>&#8221;) of common stock, $0.01 par value (&#8220;<u>Common Stock</u>&#8221;) of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;<u>Company</u>&#8221;), issuable under the Company&#8217;s 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the &#8220;Plan&#8221;), including (i) 195,428 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the evergreen provision for fiscal year 2025 of the Plan and (ii) 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Plan pursuant to a shareholder vote at the annual meeting of shareholders held on October 16, 2025.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">We are familiar with the actions taken by the Company in connection with the adoption of the Plans. For purposes of our opinion, we have examined such certificates, documents and records and have made such investigation of fact and such examination of law as we have deemed appropriate in order to enable us to render the opinions set forth herein. In conducting such investigation, we have relied, without independent verification, upon certificates of officers of the Company, public officials and other appropriate persons.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">The opinions expressed below are limited to the Delaware General Corporation Law.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Based on the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized and, when the Shares have been issued and sold in accordance with the Plans, the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are included in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0pt" cellspacing="0pt" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt;">

		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="width: 65%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="width: 35%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Very truly yours,</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 65%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 35%;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 65%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 35%;">/s/ Ropes &amp; Gray LLP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 65%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 35%;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 65%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 35%;">Ropes &amp; Gray LLP</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="margin: 0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<div class="LAST-PAGE-BREAK">
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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM">&nbsp;</div>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ex_893289.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 23.1
<TEXT>
<html><head>
	<title>ex_893289.htm</title>

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<body style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';padding:0in .1in;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b>Exhibit 23.1</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt;">We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-8 of our report dated April 2, 2025, relating to the consolidated financial statements of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which appears in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">/s/ WithumSmith+Brown, PC</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">New York, New York</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">November 25, 2025</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<div class="LAST-PAGE-BREAK">
<div class="PGFTR">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" style="margin: 0pt;">&nbsp;</div>
</div>
</div>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-FILING FEES
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>ex_893290.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT FILING FEES
<TEXT>
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        <tr>
          <td colspan="4" style="padding-bottom: .5em">
            <p>
              <b>Calculation of Filing Fee Tables</b>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="padding-bottom: .25em">
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              <b>
                <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:FormTp" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-200">S-8</ix:nonNumeric>
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        <tr>
          <td style="padding-bottom: .25em">
            <p>
              <b>
                <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-201">NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</ix:nonNumeric>
              </b>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="float: center; width: 100%; text-align: left;  ">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px">
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; width: 90%; word-wrap: break-word">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Table 1: Newly Registered Securities</b>
            </p>
          </th>
        </tr>
      </table>
      <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; float: center; width: 90%; text-align: center;  border: 1px solid black; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
        <tr style="background-color:#9ADAF6">
          <th style="width: 2%;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 10%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Security Type</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 10%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Security Class Title </b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 10%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Fee Calculation Rule</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 10%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Amount Registered</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 15%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 15%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 3%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Fee Rate</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 15%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Amount of Registration Fee</b>
            </p>
          </th>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: center;">
		1
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-202">Equity</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-203">Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:FeesOthrRuleFlg" contextRef="offrl_1" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-204">Other</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:AmtSctiesRegd" unitRef="Shares" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-205">1,195,428</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxOfferingPricPerScty" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-206">0.93</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-207">1,111,748.04</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-208">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeAmt" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-209">153.53</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="5" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">Total Offering Amounts:</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 16%;">
            <p id="MaxAggtOfferingPrice" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOfferingAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-210">1,111,748.04</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 1px black; width: 16%;">
            <p id="TotalFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-211">153.53</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="5" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Total Fee Offsets:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="TotalOffsetAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOffsetAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-212">0.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="5" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Net Fee Due:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="NetFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:NetFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-213">153.53</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table style="width: 90%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tbody>
          <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
            <td>
              <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left; margin-bottom: 5px;">
                <b>Offering Note</b>
              </p>
            </td>
            <td/>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="width: 90%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
          <td style="width:10pt;">
            <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;">
              <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">1</sup>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-214">(1)    This represents (i) an automatic increase in the number of shares of common stock of the registrant reserved for issuance under the NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, pursuant to an evergreen provision contained in Section 4(a) therein and (ii) an increase of 1,000,000 in the number of shares of common stock of the registrant reserved for issuance pursuant to a stockholder vote at the annual meeting of shareholders held on October 16, 2025. Pursuant to Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), this Registration Statement also covers any additional securities that may from time to time be offered or issued resulting from any stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations or other similar transactions.

(2)    This calculation is made solely for the purpose of determining the registration fee pursuant to the provisions of Rule 457(c) and (h) under the Securities Act, based on the average of the high and low sales prices of the registrant's common stock on November 24, 2025, as reported by NYSE American LLC.</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="7">
            <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="float: center; width: 100%; text-align: left;  ">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px">
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word">
            <b>Table 2: Fee Offset Claims and Sources</b>
          </th>
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: right;">
            <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hiddenrcOffsetTableNa">&#9745;Not Applicable</span>
          </th>
        </tr>
      </table>
      <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; float: center; width: 100%; text-align: center;  border: 1px solid black;">
        <tr style="background-color:#9ADAF6">
          <th style="width: 10%; text-align: left;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 8%; text-align: left;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 16%;">
				Registrant or Filer Name
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Form or Filing Type
			</th>
          <th style="width: 7%;">
				File Number
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Initial Filing Date
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Filing Date
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Security Type Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 8%;">
				Security Title Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Unsold Securities Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 9%;">
				Unsold Aggregate Offering Amount Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Fee Paid with Fee Offset Source
			</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Rule 457(p)</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Claims
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Sources
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Submission<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 25, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems', window );"><strong>Submission [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001389545<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FormTp', window );">Form Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-8<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissnTp', window );">Submission Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-8<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="text">EX-FILING FEES<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa', window );">Offering Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa', window );">Offset Table N/A</a></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeExhibitTp</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>ffd:feeExhibitTypeItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FormTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FormTp</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTableNa</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetTableNa</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissionLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_SubmissnTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissnTp</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<td>ffd:submissionTypeItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Offerings - Offering: 1<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 25, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeesOthrRuleFlg', window );">Other Rule</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_AmtSctiesRegd', window );">Amount Registered | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,195,428<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxOfferingPricPerScty', window );">Proposed Maximum Offering Price per Unit</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.93<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric', window );">Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,111,748.04<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeAmt', window );">Amount of Registration Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 153.53<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">(1)    This represents (i) an automatic increase in the number of shares of common stock of the registrant reserved for issuance under the NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, pursuant to an evergreen provision contained in Section 4(a) therein and (ii) an increase of 1,000,000 in the number of shares of common stock of the registrant reserved for issuance pursuant to a stockholder vote at the annual meeting of shareholders held on October 16, 2025. Pursuant to Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), this Registration Statement also covers any additional securities that may from time to time be offered or issued resulting from any stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations or other similar transactions.

(2)    This calculation is made solely for the purpose of determining the registration fee pursuant to the provisions of Rule 457(c) and (h) under the Securities Act, based on the average of the high and low sales prices of the registrant's common stock on November 24, 2025, as reported by NYSE American LLC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_AmtSctiesRegd">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of securities being registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_AmtSctiesRegd</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total amount of registration fee (amount due after offsets).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeAmt</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The rate per dollar of fees that public companies and other issuers pay to register their securities with the Commission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeRate</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeesOthrRuleFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Checkbox indicating whether filer is using a rule other than 457(a), 457(o), or 457(f) to calculate the registration fee due.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeesOthrRuleFlg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum aggregate offering price for the offering that is being registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_MaxOfferingPricPerScty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum offering price per share/unit being registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_MaxOfferingPricPerScty</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<td>ffd:nonNegativeDecimal4lItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingNote">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingNote</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The title of the class of securities being registered (for each class being registered).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTitl</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<td>ffd:securityTitleItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Type of securities: "Asset-backed Securities", "ADRs/ADSs", "Debt", "Debt Convertible into Equity", "Equity", "Face Amount Certificates", "Limited Partnership Interests", "Mortgage Backed Securities", "Non-Convertible Debt", "Unallocated (Universal) Shelf", "Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities", "Other"</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTp</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:securityTypeItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingTable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTable</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_PrevslyPdFlg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fees Summary<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 25, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems', window );"><strong>Fees Summary [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlOfferingAmt', window );">Total Offering</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,111,748.04<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlFeeAmt', window );">Total Fee Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">153.53<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlOffsetAmt', window );">Total Offset Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_NetFeeAmt', window );">Net Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 153.53<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_NetFeeAmt</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlFeeAmt</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_TtlOfferingAmt">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlOfferingAmt</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlOffsetAmt</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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    <ffd:TtlOffsetAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" id="ixv-212" unitRef="USD">0.00</ffd:TtlOffsetAmt>
    <ffd:NetFeeAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" id="ixv-213" unitRef="USD">153.53</ffd:NetFeeAmt>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-214">(1)    This represents (i) an automatic increase in the number of shares of common stock of the registrant reserved for issuance under the NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, pursuant to an evergreen provision contained in Section 4(a) therein and (ii) an increase of 1,000,000 in the number of shares of common stock of the registrant reserved for issuance pursuant to a stockholder vote at the annual meeting of shareholders held on October 16, 2025. Pursuant to Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), this Registration Statement also covers any additional securities that may from time to time be offered or issued resulting from any stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations or other similar transactions.

(2)    This calculation is made solely for the purpose of determining the registration fee pursuant to the provisions of Rule 457(c) and (h) under the Securities Act, based on the average of the high and low sales prices of the registrant's common stock on November 24, 2025, as reported by NYSE American LLC.</ffd:OfferingNote>
</xbrl>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
