<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001829126-25-008237.txt : 20251020
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20251020084758
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001829126-25-008237
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20251016
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
ITEM INFORMATION:		Material Modifications to Rights of Security Holders
ITEM INFORMATION:		Changes in Control of Registrant
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20251020
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20251020

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001389545
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		EIN:				680454536
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-33678
		FILM NUMBER:		251402409

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		2000 POWELL STREET, SUITE 1150
		CITY:			EMERYVILLE
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94608
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(510) 899-8800

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		2000 POWELL STREET, SUITE 1150
		CITY:			EMERYVILLE
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94608
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b>Check the appropriate box
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provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.25in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Securities
registered pursuant to Section&#160;12(b) of the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.25in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule&#160;405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule&#160;12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter). Emerging growth company <span id="xdx_905_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20251016__20251016_zfbx0y8g3Azf"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-10-16" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000030" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.25in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 1.01. Entry Into a Material Definitive Agreement.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The information disclosed in Item 3.02 of this
Current Report on Form 8-K regarding the issuance and sale of the Pre-Funded Warrants is incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 3.02. Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October&#160;9, 2025, David Elliot Lazar (&#8220;Lazar&#8221;),
the former Chief Executive Officer and director of NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), entered into a Securities
Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;SPA&#8221;) with R01 Fund LP and Framework Ventures IV L.P. (&#8220;Framework,&#8221; and together with
R01, the &#8220;Purchasers&#8221;). Pursuant to the SPA, Mr.&#160;Lazar received an aggregate purchase price of $9,850,000 to (i) sell
to the Purchasers an aggregate of 441,325 shares of the Company&#8217;s Series D Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01
per share (the &#8220;Series D Preferred Stock&#8221;), and (ii) assign to the Purchasers his rights and obligations (the &#8220;Series
E Rights&#8221;) to purchase an aggregate of 268,750 shares of the Company&#8217;s Series E Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock, par
value $0.01 per share (the &#8220;Series E Preferred Stock&#8221;), for an aggregate purchase price of $2,150,000, subject to certain
conditions precedent. Following the satisfaction of all closing conditions, the transaction closed on October 17, 2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October&#160;16, 2025, at the Company&#8217;s
annual meeting of stockholders (the &#8220;Annual Meeting of Stockholders&#8221;), stockholders approved, along with several other proposals,
the conversion of Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock into shares of common stock (&#8220;Stockholder Approval&#8221;).
Each share of Series D Preferred Stock shall automatically convert into 160 shares of Common Stock, for an aggregate of 77,000,000 shares
of Common Stock, three business days after Stockholder Approval.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October&#160;16, 2025, pursuant to the SPA,
the Company filed the certificate of designations relating to the Series E Preferred Stock and, on October 17, 2025, following the payment
to the Company of $2,150,000 by the Purchasers, issued 268,750 shares of the Series E Preferred Stock to the Purchasers. Each share of
Series E Preferred Stock shall convert at the option of the holder or, otherwise, shall automatically convert 30 business days after Stockholder
Approval, into 160 shares of Common Stock, for an aggregate of 43,000,000 shares of Common Stock.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Pre-Funded Warrants</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October 16, 2025, the Company issued and sold
pre-funded warrants (the &#8220;Pre-Funded Warrants&#8221;) to purchase an aggregate of 5,405,406 shares of the Company&#8217;s common
stock, par value $0.01 per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;), to R01 and Framework in two transactions for aggregate gross proceeds
of approximately $6,000,000. The purchase price was $1.10 per Pre-Funded Warrant, representing 110% of the closing price of the Common
Stock on the day before the issuance, less the $0.01 exercise price for each such Pre-Funded Warrant. The Pre-Funded Warrants are exercisable
for shares of Common Stock at any time after January 1, 2026, subject to receipt of stockholder approval.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Pre-Funded Warrants were issued and sold in
transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D. The
investors in these transactions are accredited investors as defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D. The securities issued have not been
registered under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption
from registration requirements.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing summary of the terms of the&#160;Pre-Funded&#160;Warrants&#160;does
not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the form of&#160;Pre-Funded&#160;Warrant, which is filed herewith
as Exhibit 4.1 and is incorporated by reference into Item 1.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>



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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
3.03. Material Modification to Rights of Security Holders.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on October&#160;16, 2025, the stockholders of the Company approved a proposal granting the board
of directors of the Company (the &#8220;Board&#8221;) full authority to effect a reverse stock split (the &#8220;Reverse Stock Split&#8221;)
of all outstanding (or held in treasury) shares of Common Stock at a ratio of not less than 1-for-2 and not more than 1-for-10, with the
exact ratio to be determined by the Board within such range. The Reverse Stock Split will be effected by an amendment to the Company&#8217;s
Certificate of Incorporation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Reverse Stock Split, once implemented, will result in a reduction in the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding and may affect certain
rights of security holders, including voting rights and the number of shares available for future issuance. Additional details regarding
the reverse stock split and its impact on stockholders will be provided in subsequent disclosures as the Board determines the final ratio
and timing of the Reverse Stock Split.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
5.01. Changes in Control of Registrant.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">As a result of the transactions described in Item
3.02 above, a change of control of the Company occurred, as R01 and Framework each beneficially own 45.1% of outstanding common stock.
Each share of Series E Preferred Stock will convert, within 30 business days, into 160 shares of the Company&#8217;s outstanding Common
Stock for an aggregate of 43,000,000 shares of Common Stock.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
are no arrangements known to the Company, including any pledge by any person of securities of the Company, the operation of which may
at a subsequent date result in a change in control.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
5.02. Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of
Certain Officers.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
previously announced, the resignation of David Elliot Lazar as Chief Executive Officer and as a member of the Board of Directors became
effective on October&#160;17, 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Justin Hall, Julia Garlikov, Mijia (Bob) Wu, M.B.A.
and Yongxiang (Sean) Zheng each resigned from the Board, effective as of October 16, 2025, as a result of the transactions contemplated
pursuant to the SPA. Mr. Wu was a member of the Special Transactions Committee. Following these resignations, there are currently four
vacancies on the Board of Directors. The Board intends to consider candidates to fill these vacancies in due course.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
October&#160;16, 2025, the Board appointed Michael Kazley to serve as a member of the Board of Directors and as Chief Executive Officer.
Mr.&#160;Kazley will also serve as Chairman of the Board, effective immediately upon his appointment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr.&#160;Kazley has served as the Managing Member
and General Partner of R01 Fund LP since 2023. Prior to his time at R01 Fund LP, Mr.&#160;Kazley served as a special limited partner for
JDS Crypto LP, a private digital asset focused family office, from 2022 to 2023, and served as Chief Executive Officer of Crescent Crypto
Asset Management from 2019 to 2022, where he managed a crypto index fund and a discretionary long-biased hedge fund, and became sole manager
in 2020. Prior to co-founding Crescent Crypto Asset Management in 2017, he co-founded Cedar Lake Capital Management LP, an investment
firm, in 2015. He began his investment career at Goldman Sachs in 2013. Mr. Kazley earned a Bachelor of Science in Industrial and Labor
Relations from Cornell University. The Company believes that Mr.&#160;Kazley is qualified to serve on the Board because of his extensive
experience in investment management and the digital asset markets.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>



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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
5.03. Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
October&#160;16, 2025, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the
Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, which became effective upon filing. The amendment was approved by the Board and subsequently
approved by the Company&#8217;s stockholders at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on October&#160;16, 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Certificate of Amendment amends Paragraph A of Article IV of the Company&#8217;s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to
provide that the Company is authorized to issue a total of 1,505,000,000 shares of capital stock, consisting of 1,500,000,000 shares of
common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. All other provisions of the
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation remain in full force and effect.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
foregoing description of the Certificate of Amendment is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Certificate of
Amendment, which is filed as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
5.07. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
October&#160;16, 2025, the Company held its annual meeting of stockholders. The following matters were submitted to a vote:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 1in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposal
                            1.</b></span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Election
of the three (3) following director nominees: Paul E. Freiman, David E. Lazar, Swan Sit.</b></span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b> Each of the following
nominees were approved.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>


<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Withheld</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Broker<br/> Non-Vote</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; width: 64%; text-align: left">Paul E. Freiman</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,301,526</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">67,026</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">David E. Lazar</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,298,052</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">70,500</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,573,597</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Swan Sit</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,303,073</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">65,479</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,573,597</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 1in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposal
                            2</b>.</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Approve,
on an advisory, non-binding basis, the compensation of NovaBay&#8217;s named executive officers, as disclosed in the Proxy Statement.</b></span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The proposal was approved.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>


<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Against</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Abstain</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; width: 64%; text-align: left">Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,293,929</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">56,938</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">17,685</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 1in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposal
                            3.</b></span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Approve,
on an advisory non-binding basis, the frequency of solicitation of stockholder approval of executive compensation.</b></span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three years was approved.</span></p>


<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; vertical-align: top; width: 89%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1 Year</span></td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p>

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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 1in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposal
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on an advisory non-binding basis, of the appointment of WithumSmith+Brown, PC as our independent registered public accounting firm for
the fiscal year ending December&#160;31, 2025.</b></span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b> The proposal was approved.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>


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    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 1in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposal
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as required by, and in accordance with, Sections&#160;713(a) and 713(b) of the Company Guide, both: (i) the issuance of the aggregate
of 77,000,000 shares of Common Stock upon the conversion of the Series D Preferred Stock and (ii) the issuance of an aggregate of 43,000,000
shares of Common Stock upon the conversion of the Series E Preferred Stock.</b></span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The proposal was approved.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 1in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposal
                            6.</b></span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Approve
an amendment to our 2017 Omnibus Plan to increase the shares authorized under the 2017 Omnibus Plan by 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock
resulting in a maximum number of shares currently available for issuance of 1,021,332 shares of Common Stock and to make corresponding
changes to the share grant limitations in the 2017 Omnibus Plan.</b></span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The proposal was approved.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>


<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; width: 64%; text-align: left">Increase Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2017 Omnibus Plan</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 1in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposal
                            7.</b></span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Approve
the issuance and payment of equity consideration, with an aggregate value of $40,000, at a price per share which may be below the market
price (as reported by the NYSE American) on the date of issuance, to each of the Resigning Non-Employee Directors as contemplated by
each of the Settlement Agreement and General and Mutual Releases (collectively, the &#8220;Release Agreements&#8221;) on August 19, 2025.</b></span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The proposal was approved.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Abstain</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; width: 64%; text-align: left">Approval of the Payment of the Equity Consideration to Resigning Non-Employee Directors</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 1in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposal
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an amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation to effect the Reverse Stock Split, and to grant authorization to the Board to determine,
in its sole discretion, the specific split ratio and the effective time (if at all).</b></span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The proposal was approved.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 1in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposal
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an amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to increase the number of authorized shares of our
Common Stock from 150,000,000 to 1,500,000,000.</b></span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The proposal was approved.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 1in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposal
                            10</b>.</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Approve
an amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to increase the number of authorized shares of our
preferred stock, par value $0.01, from 5,000,000 to 10,000,000.</b></span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The proposal failed.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; width: 64%; text-align: left">Increase Authorized Preferred Stock</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 1in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposal
                            11.</b></span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Approve
the adjournment of the Annual Meeting.</b></span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The proposal was approved.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
Exhibits</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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        No.</b></span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: middle; width: 90%; background-color: #FEFEFE; vertical-align: middle"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description</b></span></td>
        </tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: middle"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: middle; vertical-align: middle"><a href="novabay_ex4-1.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Pre-Funded Warrant.</span></a></td> </tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: middle">104</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: middle; vertical-align: middle">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>



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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SIGNATURES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
        October&#160;20, 2025</span></td>
    <td colspan="3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NovaBay
        Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</b></span></td> </tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
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        Tommy Law</span></td> </tr>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>



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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-3.1
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<FILENAME>novabay_ex3-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 3.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit 3.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>CERTIFICATE
OF AMENDMENT OF</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>AMENDED
AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NOVABAY
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NOVABAY
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.</B>, a corporation organized and existing under, and by virtue of, the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware, hereby certifies that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>FIRST</B>:
The name of the Corporation is NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the &ldquo;<B>Corporation</B>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SECOND</B>:
The Corporation was originally incorporated under the same name and the original Certificate of Incorporation was filed with the Secretary
of State of the State of Delaware on April&nbsp;19, 2010.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>THIRD</B>:
The Board of Directors of the Corporation, acting in accordance with the provisions of Sections&nbsp;141 and 242 of the General Corporation
Law of the State of Delaware, adopted resolutions amending and restating Paragraph A of Article IV of the Certificate of Incorporation
to read in its entirety as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;A.
This Corporation is authorized to issue two classes of stock to be designated, respectively, &ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo; and &ldquo;Preferred
Stock.&rdquo; The total number of shares which the Corporation is authorized to issue is One Billion Five Hundred Five Million (1,505,000,000)
shares. One Billion Five Hundred Million (1,500,000,000) shares shall be Common Stock, each having a par value of one cent ($0.01) per
share. Five Million (5,000,000) shares shall be Preferred Stock, each having a par value of one cent ($0.01) per share.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>FOURTH</B>:
Also pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors, thereafter this Certificate of Amendment was submitted to the stockholders of
the Corporation for their approval, and was duly adopted at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on October&nbsp;16, 2025, in accordance
with the provisions of Section&nbsp;242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>FIFTH</B>:
All other provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation shall remain in full force and effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF</B>,&nbsp;<B>NOVABAY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.</B>&nbsp;has caused this Certificate of Amendment to be signed by its Chief
Executive Officer on this 16<SUP>th</SUP> day of October, 2025.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NOVABAY
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
David Lazar</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name: </FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David Lazar</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title: </FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
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<TYPE>EX-4.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>novabay_ex4-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.1
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 4.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE &ldquo;SECURITIES ACT&rdquo;), OR UNDER ANY STATE SECURITIES OR BLUE SKY LAWS. THE SECURITIES ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFERABILITY AND RESALE, AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. INVESTORS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT THEY MAY BE REQUIRED TO BEAR THE FINANCIAL RISKS OF THIS INVESTMENT FOR AN INDEFINITE PERIOD OF TIME. THE COMPANY MAY REQUIRE AN OPINION OF COUNSEL IN FORM AND SUBSTANCE REASONABLY SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY TO THE EFFECT THAT ANY PROPOSED TRANSFER IS IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE SECURITIES ACT. THIS SECURITY IS SUBJECT TO THE TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS SET FORTH HEREIN, AS AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME, COPIES OF WHICH ARE AVAILABLE WITH THE SECRETARY OF THE COMPANY. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT WITH A REGISTERED BROKER-DEALER OR OTHER LOAN WITH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION THAT IS AN &ldquo;ACCREDITED INVESTOR&rdquo; AS DEFINED IN RULE 501(A) UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>NOVABAY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 50%">Warrant Shares: 2,702,703</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; text-align: right">Issue Date: October 16, 2025</TD> </TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">THIS PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (the &ldquo;<U>Warrant</U>&rdquo;) certifies that, for a purchase price per Warrant Share (as defined below) equal to $1.11 (the &ldquo;Purchase Price&rdquo;), the Purchase Price of which has been received, ________ or its assigns (the &ldquo;<U>Holder</U>&rdquo;) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after January&nbsp;1, 2026 (the &ldquo;<U>Initial Exercise Date</U>&rdquo;) and until this Warrant is exercised in full (the &ldquo;<U>Termination Date</U>&rdquo;) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), up to 2,702,703 shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the &ldquo;<U>Warrant Shares</U>&rdquo;) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section&nbsp;2(b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>Section&nbsp;1</U>.&nbsp;<U>Definitions</U>. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section&nbsp;1:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Affiliate</U>&rdquo; means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule&nbsp;405 under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Bid Price</U>&rdquo; means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (&ldquo;<U>Bloomberg</U>&rdquo;) (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Business Day</U>&rdquo; means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to &ldquo;stay at home&rdquo;, &ldquo;shelter-in-place&rdquo;, &ldquo;non-essential employee&rdquo; or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Commission</U>&rdquo; means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common Stock</U>&rdquo; means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common Stock Equivalents</U>&rdquo; means any securities of the Company which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Exchange Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Excluded Issuances</U>&rdquo; means any issuance or sale (or deemed issuance or sale in accordance with Section&nbsp;3(d)) by the Company after the Issue Date of: (a) shares of Common Stock issued upon the exercise of this Warrant; (b) up to an aggregate of 233,812 shares of Common Stock (as such number of shares is equitably adjusted for subsequent stock splits, stock combinations, stock dividends, and recapitalizations) issued directly or upon the exercise of equity awards to directors, officers, employees, or consultants of the Company in connection with their service as directors of the Company, their employment by the Company, or their retention as consultants by the Company, in each case authorized by the Board and issued pursuant to the Company&rsquo;s 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Person</U>&rdquo; means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Securities Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Shareholder Approval</U>&rdquo; means all such approvals of the Company as may be required by the applicable rules and regulations of the NYSE American (or any successor entity) or under applicable law from the stockholders of the Company with respect to the exercise of Warrants, including the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Trading Day</U>&rdquo; means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Trading Market</U>&rdquo; means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Transfer Agent</U>&rdquo; means Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 1110 Centre Pointe Curve, Suite 101, Mendota Heights, MN 55120-4101, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>VWAP</U>&rdquo; means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Warrants</U>&rdquo; means this Warrant and other Pre-Funded Common Stock purchase warrants issued by the Company on or about the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>Section&nbsp;2</U>.&nbsp;<U>Exercise</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">a)&nbsp;<U>Exercise of Warrant</U>. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed facsimile copy or PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit A</U> (the &ldquo;<U>Notice of Exercise</U>&rdquo;). Within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section&nbsp;2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer pursuant to wire instructions provided by the Company or cashier&rsquo;s check drawn on a United States bank, unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section&nbsp;2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Business Day of receipt of such notice. <B>The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding the foregoing in this Section&nbsp;2(a), a holder whose interest in this Warrant is a beneficial interest in certificate(s) representing this Warrant held in book-entry form through DTC (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions), shall effect exercises made pursuant to this Section&nbsp;2(a) by delivering to DTC (or such other clearing corporation, as applicable) the appropriate instruction form for exercise, complying with the procedures to effect exercise that are required by DTC (or such other clearing corporation, as applicable).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">b)&nbsp;<U>Exercise Price</U>. The aggregate exercise price of this Warrant, except for a nominal exercise price of $0.01 per Warrant Share, was pre-funded to the Company on or prior to the Initial Exercise Date and, consequently, no additional consideration (other than the nominal exercise price of $0.01 per Warrant Share) shall be required to be paid by the Holder to any Person to effect any exercise of this Warrant. The Holder shall not be entitled to the return or refund of all, or any portion, of such pre-paid aggregate exercise price under any circumstance or for any reason whatsoever. The remaining unpaid exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $0.01, subject to adjustment hereunder (the &ldquo;<U>Exercise Price</U>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">c)&nbsp;<U>Cashless Exercise</U>. This Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a &ldquo;cashless exercise&rdquo; in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 1in; text-align: right; vertical-align: top"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in; vertical-align: top">(A) =</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"> as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; (as defined in Rule&nbsp;600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg as of the time of the Holder&rsquo;s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a) hereof after the close of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on such Trading Day;</TD> </TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(B) =</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and</TD> </TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(X) =</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.</TD> </TR>
  </TABLE>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section&nbsp;3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section&nbsp;2(c).</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">d) <U>Mechanics of Exercise</U>.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">i. <U>Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</U>. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder&rsquo;s or its designee&rsquo;s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (&ldquo;<U>DWAC</U>&rdquo;) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B) this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company&rsquo;s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the &ldquo;<U>Warrant Share Delivery Date</U>&rdquo;). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the third Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, &ldquo;<U>Standard Settlement Period</U>&rdquo; means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company&rsquo;s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date, the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date and the Initial Exercise Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date for purposes hereunder, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received by such Warrant Share Delivery Date.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">ii.&nbsp;<U>Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise</U>. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">iii.&nbsp;<U>Rescission Rights</U>. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">iv.&nbsp;<U>Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</U>. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder&rsquo;s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a &ldquo;<U>Buy-In</U>&rdquo;), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder&rsquo;s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder (up to the number of shares of Common Stock required to be purchased by the Holder or its broker for the Buy-In) in connection with a valid exercise, and (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder&rsquo;s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company&rsquo;s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">v.&nbsp;<U>No Fractional Shares or Scrip</U>. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">vi.&nbsp;<U>Charges, Taxes and Expenses</U>. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit B</U> duly executed by the Holder and the Company shall have the right to require, as a condition thereto, the prior or contemporaneous payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares, in each case, to the extent available.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">vii.&nbsp;<U>Closing of Books</U>. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">e)&nbsp;<U>Holder&rsquo;s Exercise Limitations</U>. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section&nbsp;2 or otherwise, (i) at any time prior to the Initial Exercise Date and (ii) to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder&rsquo;s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder&rsquo;s Affiliates (such Persons, &ldquo;<U>Attribution Parties</U>&rdquo;)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section&nbsp;2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section&nbsp;13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section&nbsp;13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. For the avoidance of doubt, prior to receiving Shareholder Approval, the Company shall not issue, and the Holder shall not be entitled to receive upon exercise of this Warrant, any shares of Common Stock to the extent such issuance, when aggregated with all underlying shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to this Warrant, would exceed 19.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the issuance of this Warrant. To the extent that the limitation contained in the first sentence of this Section&nbsp;2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable up to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder&rsquo;s good faith determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined by the Holder in accordance with Section&nbsp;13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination and shall have no liability for exercises of the Warrant that are not in compliance with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (other than as a result of a Holder&rsquo;s reliance on the number of issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock pursuant to this Section&nbsp;2(e)). For purposes of this Section&nbsp;2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company&rsquo;s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written request of a Holder, the Company shall within one Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The &ldquo;<U>Beneficial Ownership Limitation</U>&rdquo; shall be 9.9% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately before giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section&nbsp;2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>Section&nbsp;3</U>.&nbsp;<U>Certain Adjustments</U>. In order to prevent dilution of the purchase rights granted under this Warrant, the Exercise Price and the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in this Section&nbsp;3 (in each case, after taking into consideration any prior adjustments pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3).</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">a)&nbsp;<U>Adjustment to Exercise Price Upon Issuance of Common Stock</U>. Except as provided in Section&nbsp;3(d) and except in the case of an event described in Section&nbsp;3(c), if the Company shall, at any time or from time to time after the Issue Date, issue or sell (or deemed issuance or sale), any shares of Common Stock without consideration, including upon exercise of convertible securities, then immediately upon such issuance or sale (or deemed issuance or sale), the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issuance or sale (or deemed issuance or sale) shall be reduced (and in no event increased) to an Exercise Price equal to the quotient obtained by dividing:</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">i.&nbsp;the sum of (A) the product obtained by multiplying the Common Stock Deemed Outstanding immediately prior to such issuance or sale (or deemed issuance or sale) by the Exercise Price then in effect plus (B) the aggregate consideration, if any, received by the Company upon such issuance or sale (or deemed issuance or sale); by</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">ii.&nbsp;the sum of (A) the Common Stock Deemed Outstanding immediately prior to such issuance or sale (or deemed issuance or sale) plus (B) the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock issued or sold (or deemed issued or sold) by the Company in such issuance or sale (or deemed issuance or sale).</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">b)&nbsp;<U>Adjustment to Number of Warrant Shares Upon Adjustment to Exercise Price</U>. Upon any and each adjustment of the Exercise Price as provided in Section&nbsp;3(a), the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon the exercise of this Warrant immediately prior to any such adjustment shall be increased to a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">i.&nbsp;the product of (A) the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to any such adjustment multiplied by (B) the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant immediately prior to any such adjustment; by</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">ii.&nbsp;the Exercise Price resulting from such adjustment.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">c)&nbsp;<U>Adjustment to Exercise Price and Warrant Shares Upon Dividend, Conversion of Convertible Securities, Subdivision or Combination of Common Stock</U>. If the Company shall, at any time or from time to time after the Issue Date, (i) pay a dividend or make any other distribution upon the Common Stock or any other capital stock of the Company payable in shares of Common Stock or in Options or convertible securities, (ii) subdivide (by any stock split, recapitalization, or otherwise) its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater number of shares or (iii) issue common stock in respect of the conversion of any convertible securities, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to any such dividend, distribution, or subdivision shall be proportionately reduced as set forth in Section&nbsp;3(a) and the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately increased as set forth in Section&nbsp;3(b). If the Company at any time combines (by combination, reverse stock split, or otherwise) its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such combination shall be proportionately increased and the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately decreased. Any adjustment under this Section&nbsp;3(c) shall become effective at the close of business on the date the dividend, subdivision, or combination becomes effective.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">d)&nbsp;<U>Exceptions to Adjustment Upon Issuance of Common Stock</U>. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, there shall be no adjustment to the Exercise Price or the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to any Excluded Issuance.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e)&nbsp;<U>Fundamental
Transaction</U>. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related
transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company, directly or
indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of
its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer
(whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or
exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding
Common Stock or greater than 50% of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly,
in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any
compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash
or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase
agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or
scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 50% of the
outstanding shares of Common Stock or greater than 50% of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each a
&ldquo;<U>Fundamental Transaction</U>&rdquo;), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right
to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such
Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section&nbsp;2(e) on the exercise of this
Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving
corporation, and any additional consideration (the &ldquo;<U>Alternate Consideration</U>&rdquo;) receivable as a result of such
Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior
to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section&nbsp;2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the &ldquo;<U>Successor Entity</U>&rdquo;) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3(d) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for the Company (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant referring to the &ldquo;Company&rdquo; shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and the Successor Entity may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3(d) regardless of (i) whether the Company has sufficient authorized shares of Common Stock for the issuance of Warrant Shares and/or (ii) whether a Fundamental Transaction occurs prior to the Initial Exercise Date.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">f)&nbsp;<U>Calculations</U>. All calculations under this Section&nbsp;3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">g)&nbsp;<U>Notice to Holder</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.&nbsp;<U>Adjustment to Exercise Price</U>. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section&nbsp;3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.&nbsp;<U>Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder</U>. If during the term in which the Warrant may be exercised (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or email to the Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;4</U>.&nbsp;<U>Transfer of Warrant</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)&nbsp;<U>Transferability</U>. Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant as provided herein, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an Assignment Form (in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit B</U>) to the Company assigning this Warrant. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)&nbsp;<U>New Warrants</U>. If this Warrant is not held in global form through DTC (or any successor depositary), this Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section&nbsp;4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the Initial Exercise Date and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)&nbsp;<U>Warrant Register</U>. The Warrant Agent shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company, in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;5</U>.&nbsp;<U>Miscellaneous</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)&nbsp;<U>No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash</U>. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section&nbsp;2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section&nbsp;3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a &ldquo;cashless exercise&rdquo; pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(c) or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(d)(i) and Section&nbsp;2(d)(iv) herein, in no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)&nbsp;<U>Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant</U>. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)&nbsp;<U>Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc</U>. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">d)&nbsp;<U>Authorized Shares</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company covenants that following the Initial Exercise Date, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will, so long as any of the Warrants are outstanding, (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e)&nbsp;<U>Governing Law</U>. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">f)&nbsp;<U>Restrictions</U>. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">g)&nbsp;<U>Nonwaiver and Expenses</U>. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder&rsquo;s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">h)&nbsp;<U>Notices</U>. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at 2000 Powell Street, Suite 1150, Emeryville, CA 94608, Attention: Chief Financial Officer, or such other information as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i)&nbsp;<U>Limitation of Liability</U>. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">j)&nbsp;<U>Remedies</U>. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">k)&nbsp;<U>Successors and Assigns</U>. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">l)&nbsp;<U>Amendment</U>. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">m)&nbsp;<U>Severability</U>. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">n)&nbsp;<U>Headings</U>. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">********************</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(Signature Page Follows)</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>novabay pharmaceuticals, inc.</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 4%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 41%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David Lazar</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT A</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin: 0"><B>NOTICE OF EXERCISE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">To:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">NOVABAY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.</FONT></TD> </TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> (1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">(2) Payment shall take the form (check applicable box):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0in; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">&#9744;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">in lawful money of the United States; or</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0in; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">&#9744;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares
as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection&#160;2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum
number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection&#160;2(c).</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 30%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD> </TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0">The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0in; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1.5in">Broker Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 30%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD> </TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Broker DTC DWAC #:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Broker Contact:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Account #:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0in; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%; text-align: left">Name of Investing Entity:&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 70%">&nbsp;</TD> </TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left"><I>Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity</I>:&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Name of Authorized Signatory:&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Title of Authorized Signatory:&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Date:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0"> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT B</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0in; text-align: center"><B>ASSIGNMENT FORM</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><I> (To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; margin: 0">FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 15%">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 30%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 45%">&nbsp;</TD> </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">(Please Print)</TD> </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top">Address:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD> </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">(Please Print)</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top">
        <P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top"> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top"> </TD> </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top">Phone Number:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top">Email Address: </TD>
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  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top">Dated: _______________ __, ______</TD>
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  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
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  <TR>
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    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
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    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
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<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 16, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Oct. 16,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-33678<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001389545<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">68-0454536<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">2000 Powell Street<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 1150<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Emeryville<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">94608<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(510)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">899-8800<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">NBY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSEAMER<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
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</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
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