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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Financial Instruments And Risk Management | 23. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT Environmental The Company’s growth and development activities are subject to laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment. These laws and regulations are continually changing and generally becoming more restrictive. The Company believes its operations are materially in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. The Company has made, and expects to make in the future, expenditures to comply with such laws and regulations. Fair value The Company’s financial instruments measured at amortized cost as at December 31, 2021 and 2020 consist of cash, restricted cash, trade and amounts receivable, loans receivable, trade payables and accrued liabilities, amounts payable to vendors on business combinations, lease liabilities, and debt and loans payable. The amounts reflected in the consolidated statements of financial position approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. Financial instruments recorded at the reporting date at fair value are classified into one of three levels based upon the fair value hierarchy. Items are categorized based on inputs used to derive fair value based on: Level 1 - quoted prices that are unadjusted in active markets for identical assets or liabilities Level 2 - inputs other than quoted prices included in level 1 that are observable for the asset/liability either directly or indirectly; and Level 3 - inputs for the instruments are not based on any observable market data. The Company’s long-term investments require significant unobservable inputs and as discussed at Note 10, are measured at FVPL and as a Level 3 fair value financial instrument within the fair value hierarchy as at December 31, 2021. As valuations of investments for which market quotations are not readily available are inherently uncertain, may fluctuate within short periods of time and are based on estimates, determination of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have resulted if a ready market existed for the investments. Such changes may have a significant impact on the Company’s financial condition or operating results. Risk management overview The Company has exposure to credit, liquidity and market risks from its use of financial instruments. This note provides information about the Company’s exposure to each of these risks, the Company’s objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing risk. Further quantitative disclosures are included throughout these condensed interim consolidated financial statements. Credit risk Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations and arises principally from the Company’s trade and other receivables, loans receivable and cash held with banks and other financial intermediaries. The carrying amount of the cash, restricted cash, trade and amounts receivables and loan receivable represents the maximum credit exposure as presented in the statement of financial position. The Company has assessed that there has been no significant increase in credit risk of the loans receivable from initial recognition based on the financial position of the borrowers, and the regulatory and economic environment of the borrowers. As a result, the loss allowance recognized during the period was limited to twelve months expected credit losses. Based on historical information, and adjusted for forward-looking expectations, the Company has assessed an insignificant loss allowance on the loans’ receivable and advances as at December 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company provides credit to certain customers in the normal course of business and has established credit evaluation and monitoring processes to mitigate credit risk. Credit risk for customers is assessed on a case-by-case basis and an allowance for specific expected credit losses is recorded where required, in addition to an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses for the portfolio of accounts receivable. See credit risk analysis for trade receivables at Note 5. The Company held cash and restricted cash of $37.6 million as at December 31, 2021 (2020 - $15.5 million), of which, $37.4 million (2020 - $15.4 million) is held with large financial institutions and national central banks. The remaining $0.2 million cash amounts are held with financial intermediaries in Colombia and the United States. The Company has assessed no significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition based on the availability of funds, and the regulatory and economic environment of the financial intermediary. As a result, the loss allowance recognized during the period was limited to twelve months of expected credit losses. Based on historical information, and adjusted for forward-looking expectations, the Company has assessed an insignificant loss allowance on these cash and restricted cash balances as at December 31, 2021 and 2020. Market risk Market risk is the risk that changes in market conditions, such as commodity prices, foreign exchange rates, and interest rates, will affect the Company’s net income or the value of financial instruments. The objective of market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable limits, while maximizing the Company’s returns. Foreign currency exchange rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows will fluctuate due to changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company does not currently use foreign exchange contracts to hedge its exposure to currency rate risk as management has determined that this risk is not significant. As such, the Company's financial position and financial results may be adversely affected by the unfavorable fluctuations in currency exchange rates. As at December 31, 2021, the Company had the following monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies:
December 31,2021 |  | CAD |  |  | COP |  |  | EUR |  |  | CHF |
Thousands of foreign currencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  |  | 1,393 |  |  |  | 4,451,775 |  |  |  | 896 |  |  |  | - |
Amounts receivable |  |  | 72 |  |  |  | 15,775,755 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Loans receivable |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 250 |
Trade payables |  |  | (40 | ) |  |  | (5,398,068 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | (589 | ) |  |  | (2,120,869 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Lease liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,690,797 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Long term debt |  |  | - |  |  |  | (72,963 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Net carrying value |  |  | 836 |  |  |  | 10,944,833 |  |  |  | 896 |  |  |  | 250 |
As at December 31, 2020, the Company had the following monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies:
December 31,2020 |  | CAD |  |  | COP |  |  | EUR |
Thousands of foreign currencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  |  | 1,839 |  |  |  | 889,204 |  |  |  | 118 |
Amounts receivable |  |  | 594 |  |  |  | 1,478,432 |  |  |  | - |
Trade payables |  |  | (581 | ) |  |  | (4,032,077 | ) |  |  | - |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | (120 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Lease liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,126,542 | ) |  |  | - |
Long term debt |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,098,081 | ) |  |  | - |
Net carrying value |  |  | 1,732 |  |  |  | (3,889,064 | ) |  |  | 118 |
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in Canadian dollars, Colombian pesos, Euros and Swiss Francs are subject to foreign currency risk. The Company has estimated that as at December 31, 2021, the effect of a 10% increase or decrease in Canadian dollars, Colombian pesos, Euros and Swiss Francs (“CHF”) against the Unites States dollar on financial assets and liabilities would result in an increase or decrease of approximately $0.5 million (2020 – $0.2 million) to net loss and comprehensive loss. The Company calculates this sensitivity analysis based on the net financial assets denominated in each currency using the December 31 exchange rate, then changing the rate by 10%. Management determined 10% is a ‘reasonably possible’ change in foreign currency rates by considering the approximate change in rates in the prior twelve months. The rate used in 2020 was 5%, and the amounts above have been recast to reflect the impact if 10% was used for comparative purposes. It is management’s opinion that the Company is not subject to significant commodity or interest rate risk. Management considers concentration risk with counterparties considering the level of purchases and sales of its business segments (Note 25). Several of the Company’s business units purchase substantially all their inventory or materials from a single supplier. Liquidity risk Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with its financial liabilities. The Company’s financial liabilities consist of trade payables and accrued liabilities, loans payable and debt, and lease liabilities as presented on the statement of financial position. The Company had cash and restricted cash as presented on the statement of financial position. The Company has no available credit lines of facilities to draw borrowings from should additional liquidity be needed. The Company’s policy is to review liquidity resources and ensure that sufficient funds are available to meet financial obligations as they become due. Further, the Company's management is responsible for ensuring funds exist and are readily accessible to support business opportunities as they arise. Trade payables and accrued liabilities consist of invoices payable to trade suppliers for administration and professional expenditures. The Company processes invoices within a normal payment period. Trade payables have contractual maturities of less than 90 days. Some suppliers of materials and inventory require full prepayment from the Company prior to providing such goods to the Company. See schedule of future lease commitments at Note 15 and other commitments at Note 20. The Company’s long-term investments in equity of other entities are not publicly traded and there is not an active market to sell the investments for cash. Novel Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) The Company’s operations could be significantly adversely affected by the effects of a widespread global outbreak of a contagious disease, including the recent outbreak of respiratory illness caused by COVID-19. The Company cannot accurately predict the impact COVID-19 will have on its operations and the ability of others to meet their obligations with the Company, including uncertainties relating to the ultimate geographic spread of the virus, the severity of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, and the length of travel and quarantine restrictions imposed by governments of affected countries. In addition, a significant outbreak of contagious diseases in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries, resulting in an economic downturn that could further affect the Company’s operations and ability to finance its operations.

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