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1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
1  -  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Overview of business

We are a national distributor of brand name electronic components and supplier of original designed and manufactured (ODM) electronic components (“ODM Components”), with our product offerings ranging from discrete semiconductors through small electronic devices.  We also offer value-added engineering and turn-key services, focusing on providing contract electronic manufacturers (CEMs) and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) with ODM services for their multi-year turn-key projects.  We are incorporated in California, and were originally formed in 1989.  We maintain a majority-owned subsidiary in Mexico and two divisions in each of Taiwan and China.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) as promulgated in the United States of America.

Principles of Consolidation

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Taitron Components, its various divisions and its 60% majority-owned subsidiary, Taitron Components Mexico, SA de CV (“TCM”).  All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.  The ownership interests of the noncontrolling investors in TCM are recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as a part of shareholder’s equity with a balance of $182,000 and $203,000 as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Concentration of Risk

A significant number of the products we distribute are manufactured in Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, South Korea and the Philippines.  The purchase of goods manufactured in foreign countries is subject to a number of risks, including economic disruptions, transportation delays and interruptions, foreign exchange rate fluctuations, imposition of tariffs and import and export controls and changes in governmental policies, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

The ability to remain competitive with respect to the pricing of imported components could be adversely affected by increases in tariffs or duties, changes in trade treaties, strikes in air or sea transportation, and possible future U.S. legislation with respect to pricing and import quotas on products from foreign countries.  For example, it is possible that political or economic developments in China, or with respect to the relationship of the United States with China, could have an adverse effect on our business.  Our ability to remain competitive could also be affected by other government actions related to, among other things, anti-dumping legislation and international currency fluctuations.  While we do not believe that any of these factors adversely impact our business at present, we cannot provide assurance that these factors will not materially adversely affect us in the future.  Any significant disruption in the delivery of merchandise from our suppliers, substantially all of whom are foreign, could also have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.  Management estimates that over 90% of our products purchased were produced in Asia.

Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co. accounted for approximately 10% and 17% of our net purchases for fiscal years 2011 and 2010, respectively.  However, we do not regard any one supplier as essential to its operations, since equivalent replacements for most of our products are either available from one or more of our other suppliers or are available from various other sources at competitive prices.  We believe that, even if it loses its direct relationship with a supplier, there exist alternative sources for a supplier’s products.

We had only one customer accounting for more than 10% of our net sales for approximately 20% and 11% in 2011 and 2010, respectively.

We had two customers accounting for more than 10% of our accounts receivable for approximately 13% and 10% as of December 31, 2011 and for 21% and 17% as of December 31, 2010.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and on deposit at banking institutions as well as all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of 90 days or less.  Our cash equivalents are comprised primarily of money market investments.  Accounts on deposit at our primary domestic financial institution are non-interest-bearing transaction accounts with unlimited insurance coverage by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation through December 31, 2012.  Our foreign deposit accounts are not insured, however, we do not believe there is a significant credit risk with respect to the non-performance of these institutions based on their respective creditworthiness and liquidity.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue on arrangements in accordance with FASB ASC No. 605, “Revenue Recognition”.  In all cases, revenue is recognized when it has evidence of an arrangement, a determinable fee, and when collection is considered to be probable and products are delivered.  This occurs upon shipment of the merchandise, which is when legal transfer of title occurs.  Reserves for sales allowances and customer returns are established based upon historical experience and management’s estimates of future returns.  Sales returns for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 amounted to $24,000 and $26,000, respectively.

Allowance for Sales Returns and Doubtful Accounts

On a case-by-case basis, we accept returns of products from our customers, without restocking charges, when they can demonstrate an acceptable cause for the return.  Requests by a distributor to return products purchased for its own inventory generally are not included under this policy.  We will, on a case-by-case basis, accept returns of products upon payment of a restocking fee, which is generally 10% to 30% of the net sales price.  We will not accept returns of any products that were special-ordered by a customer or that otherwise are not generally included in our inventory.  The allowance for sales returns and doubtful accounts at December 31, 2011 and 2010 amounted to $92,000 and $96,000, respectively.

Inventory

Inventory, consisting principally of products held for resale, is stated at the lower of cost, using the first-in, first-out method, or market.  The amount presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet is net of valuation allowances of $4,233,000 and $3,700,000 at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  Based upon our systematic methodology that includes regular evaluations of inventory to identify costs in excess of the lower of cost or market and slow-moving inventory, we increased our reserves by $600,000 for each of the years ending December 31, 2011 and 2010.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization.  Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment are computed principally using accelerated and straight-line methods using lives from 5 to 7 years for furniture, machinery and equipment and 31.5 years for building and building improvements.  Property and equipment amortized using an accelerated method does not result in a material difference over the straight-line method.  Renewals and betterments, which extend the life of an existing asset, are capitalized while normal repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of

In accordance with ASC 350-30, we evaluate long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their net book value may not be recoverable.  When such factors and circumstances exist, we compare the projected undiscounted future cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their estimated useful lives against their respective carrying amount.  Impairment, if any, is based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value, based on market value when available, or discounted expected cash flows, of those assets and is recorded in the period in which the determination is made.  We currently believe there is no impairment of our long-lived assets.  There can be no assurance, however, that market conditions will not change or demand for our products under development will continue.  Either of these could result in future impairment of long-lived assets.

Marketing

Marketing costs consist primarily of payroll and related expenses for personnel engaged in marketing, business development, and selling activities.  Advertising and other promotional costs, are expensed as incurred, and were $4,000 and $5,000 for the years ending December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Shipping Activities

Outbound shipping charges to customers are included in “Net sales.”  Outbound shipping-related costs are included in “Cost of goods sold.”

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for our share-based compensation in accordance ASC 718-20.  Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the requisite vesting period.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.  The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.  Valuation allowances are recorded, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

As a result of the implementation of certain provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which clarifies the accounting and disclosure for uncertainty in tax positions, as defined, ASC 740 seeks to reduce the diversity in practice associated with certain aspects of the recognition and measurement related to accounting for income taxes.  We adopted the provisions of ASC 740 as of January 1, 2007, and have analyzed filing positions in each of the federal and state jurisdictions where we are required to file income tax returns, as well as all open tax years in these jurisdictions.  We have identified the U.S. federal and California as our "major" tax jurisdictions.  Generally, we remain subject to Internal Revenue Service examination of our 2007 through 2009 U.S. federal income tax returns, and remain subject to California Franchise Tax Board examination of our 2006 through 2009 California Franchise Tax Returns.  However, we have certain tax attribute carryforwards which will remain subject to review and adjustment by the relevant tax authorities until the statute of limitations closes with respect to the year in which such attributes are utilized.

We believe that our income tax filing positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and do not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change to our financial position.  Therefore, no reserves for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded pursuant to ASC 740.  In addition, we did not record a cumulative effect adjustment related to the adoption of ASC 740.  Our policy for recording interest and penalties associated with income-based tax audits is to record such items as a component of income taxes.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value accounting guidance defines fair value as “the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.”  The definition is based on an exit price rather than an entry price, regardless of whether the entity plans to hold or sell the asset.  This guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy to prioritize inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

•         Level 1:  Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

•         Level 2:  Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

•         Level 3:  Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

The carrying value of our long-term debt for year ending December 31, 2011, is considered to approximate fair market value, due to its short-term maturity as well as the interest rate of the instrument is based predominantly on variable reference rates.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventory, trade payables and accrued liabilities approximates their fair values due to their short-term maturities.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share includes potentially dilutive securities such as outstanding options and warrants, using various methods such as the treasury stock or modified treasury stock method in the determination of dilutive shares outstanding during each reporting period. Common equivalent shares, consisting primarily of stock options, of approximately 303,000 and 316,000 for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, are excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share as their effect is anti-dilutive.

Foreign Currency Translation

The financial statements of our majority-owned subsidiary in Mexico and divisions in Taiwan and China, which were established in 1998, 1996 and 2005, respectively, are translated into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes.  Balance sheet accounts are translated at year-end or historical rates while income and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates for the year.  Translation gains or losses related to net assets are shown as a separate component of shareholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income.  Gains and losses resulting from realized foreign currency transactions (transactions denominated in a currency other than the entities’ functional currency) are included in operations.  The transactional gains and losses are not significant to the consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

Our management has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  These estimates have a significant impact on our valuation and reserve accounts relating to the allowance for sales returns and allowances, doubtful accounts and inventory reserves.  Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior years’ financial statements in order to conform to the current year presentation.  Such reclassifications are immaterial to both current and all previously issued financial statements taken as a whole and had no effect on previously reported results of operations.

Business Segments


We operate in one industry, the business of providing distribution and value-added services for electronic components.  Management designates the internal reporting used by the chief executive officer for making decisions and assessing performance as the source of our reportable segments.  See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements Geographic Information, for additional information.

Recent Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

During February 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-09, “Subsequent Events (Topic 855)”.  The amended guidance in ASU 2010-09 states that an entity that is an SEC filer is required to evaluate subsequent events through the date that the financial statements are issued, but is not required to disclose the date through which subsequent events have been evaluated.

During January 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-06, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820): Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements.”  ASU 2010-06 includes new disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements, including transfers in and out of Levels 1 and 2 and information about purchases, sales, issuances and settlements for Level 3 fair value measurements.  This update also clarifies existing disclosure requirements relating to levels of disaggregation and disclosures of inputs and valuation techniques.  The new disclosures are required in interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except the disclosures relating to Level 3 activity, which were effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010 and for interim periods within those fiscal years.  Effective December 31, 2009, we have adopted the provisions relating to Level 1 and Level 2 disclosures and such provisions did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.  Effective December 31, 2010, we adopted the provisions relating to Level 3 disclosures and such provisions did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on our present or future financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05, “Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income” which requires an entity to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements.  In the two-statement approach, the first statement should present total net income and its components followed consecutively by a second statement that should present total other comprehensive income, the components of other comprehensive income and the total of comprehensive income.  This update, which should be applied retrospectively, is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011.  We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have any impact on our operating results.

In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, “Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) of Fair Value Measurement – Topic 820.”  ASU 2011-04 is intended to provide a consistent definition of fair value and improve the comparability of fair value measurements presented and disclosed in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and IFRS.  The amendments include those that clarify the FASB’s intent about the application of existing fair value measurement and disclosure requirements, as well as those that change a particular principle or requirement for measuring fair value or for disclosing information about fair value measurements.  This update is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011.  We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our operating results.