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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2012
Stockholders' Deficit: |
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | NOTE 10 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY As discussed in NOTE 1, on October 4, 2011, all Units were exchanged for shares of our Common Stock. In addition, all VitaMed Options and VitaMed Warrants were exchanged and converted into Company Options and Company Warrants. All Units VitaMed Options and VitaMed Warrants were exchanged on a pro-rata basis for shares of our Common Stock, which in the aggregate totaled 70,000,000 shares, resulting in a conversion ratio calculated by the sum of all Units, VitaMed Options and VitaMed Warrants divided by 70,000,000 (the “Conversion Ratio”). Pursuant to the Conversion Ratio, we issued 58,407,331 shares of our Common Stock in exchange for the Units, reserved for issuance an aggregate of 10,119,796 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Company Options, and reserved for issuance an aggregate of 1,472,916 shares issued upon the exercise of the Company Warrants. Preferred Stock At December 31, 2012, we had 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 authorized and none outstanding, which shares can be designated by our Board of Directors. Common Stock At December 31, 2012, we had 250,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value authorized, with 99,784,982 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding. During 2012 certain individuals exercised their right to purchase shares of our Common Stock. The shares were issued in reliance upon an exemption from the registration provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 provided by Section 4(1) of the Act and Rule 144 and are covered by a Lock-Up Agreement.
| • | Options to purchase an aggregate of 1,691,393 shares of our Common Stock were exercised for $191,000.
| • | Using the cashless exercise feature an aggregate of 240,395 Options were exercised, with 26,428 Options surrendered, resulting in the issuance of 240,395 shares of the Company’s Common Stock.
During June 2012, we settled $3,102,000 in principal and interest of the February 2012 Notes in exchange for the Parties’ exercise of a portion of the February 2012 Warrants for an aggregate of 8,145,486 shares of our Common Stock. The shares were issued in reliance upon an exemption from the registration provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 provided by Section 4(1) of the Securities Act of 1933 and Rule 144. During June 2012, we and the Parties also agreed to convert a portion of the February 2012 Notes, and according to the terms thereof, principal and interest through June 19, 2012 of totaling $1,054,647 was converted at $0.38 per share into 2,775,415 shares of our Common Stock. The shares were issued in reliance upon an exemption from the registration provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 provide by Section 4(1) of the Act and Rule 144. In September 2012, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with multiple investors (collectively, the “Investors”) relating to the issuance and sale of our Common Stock in a private placement. The Purchase Agreement was closed on October 2, 2012 (the “Closing Date”) through which we sold an aggregate of 3,953,489 shares of our Common Stock (the “Shares”) at $2.15 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $8,500,001. In connection with the private placement, Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”) served as our exclusive placement agent. Jefferies compensation for the transaction was a cash fee of $552,500, which is included in accounts payable in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. We also paid legal fees and expenses for the Investors in the aggregate of $52,016, resulting in net proceeds to us of $7,895,485. The Shares were issued in reliance upon the exemptions from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 provided by Section 4(2) and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder. The Shares were issued directly by us and did not involve a public offering or general solicitation. The Investors in the private placement are “Accredited Investors” as that term is defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D and acquired the Shares for investment only and not with a present view toward, or for resale in connection with, the public sale or distribution thereof. As part of the Purchase Agreement, we agreed to file a registration statement, which was filed November 27, 2012. On October 3, 2011, we effected a reverse split of our 16,575,209 issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock on a ratio of 1- for -100 resulting in 165,856 shares issued and outstanding thereafter. On October 5, 2011, we closed a Stock Purchase Agreement with Pernix Therapeutics, LLC, a Louisiana limited liability company (“Pernix”). Pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement dated September 8, 2011, Pernix agreed to purchase 2,631,579 shares of our Common Stock (the “Shares”) at a purchase price of $0.38 per share for a total purchase price of $1,000,000 (“Purchase Price”). In connection with the Stock Purchase Agreement, we and Pernix entered into a Lock-Up Agreement that, among other things, restricts the sale, assignment, transfer, encumbrance and other disposition of the Shares issued to Pernix. Pursuant to the terms of the Lock-Up Agreement, Pernix agreed that for a period of 12 months from the date of the Lock-Up Agreement, it would not make or cause any sale of the Shares (the “Lock-Up Period”). After the completion of the Lock-Up Period, Pernix agreed not to sell or dispose of more than 5% of the Shares per quarter for the following 12 month period. Pernix is a related party (for further details see Note 12). In October and November 2011, we converted principal and accrued interest in the aggregate of $849,137 into shares of Common Stock of our totaling 20,266,822 and 1,415,136, respectively, as more fully described in NOTE 9. In December 2011, Alan Wurtzel, a former director of VitaMed, exercised Company Options to purchase 92,057 shares of our Common Stock for an aggregate exercise price of $17,250. Warrants The valuation methodology used to determine the fair value of Common Stock purchase warrants is the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model (“Black-Scholes Model”), an acceptable model in accordance with ASC 718-10. The Black-Scholes Model requires the use of a number of assumptions, including volatility of the stock price, the risk-free interest rate and the term of the Common Stock purchase warrant. As of December 31, 2012, we had Company Warrants outstanding for an aggregate of 12,193,499 shares of our Common Stock (including the conversion of VitaMed Warrants as described above) with a weighted average contractual remaining life of 4.8 years and exercise prices ranging from $0.24 to $3.00, per share resulting in a weighted average exercise price of $1.63 per share. Unamortized costs associated with Company Warrants totaled approximately $93,000 at December 31, 2012. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we issued the following:
|  | Number of Shares Under Company Warrants |  |  | Exercise Price |  |  | Exercise Term in Years |  |  | Fair Value |
Debt modification |  |  | 5,685,300 |  |  |  | $0.38 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | $ | 10,505,247 |
Issued with debt |  |  | 10,314,700 |  |  |  | $0.38-$3.00 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 15,549,855 |
Services |  |  | 1,332,500 |  |  |  | $2.40-$2.80 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 1,563,620 |
|  |  | 17,332,500 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 27,618,722 |
Warrants Issued in Conjunction with Debt On February 24, 2012, we issued an aggregate of 5,685,300 Warrants in connection with the modification of certain existing promissory notes (the “Modification Warrants”), and 3,314,700 Warrants with the issuance of secured promissory notes (the “February 2012 Warrants”) (see NOTE 9). Both the Modification Warrants and the February 2012 Warrants are exercisable at $0.38. The Modification Warrants’ fair value of $10,505,247 and the February 2012 Warrants’ fair value of $6,124,873 were determined by using the Black-Scholes Model on the date of the grant. Both valuations used a term of five years; a volatility of 44.5%; risk free rate of 0.89%; and a dividend yield of 0%. We recorded the fair value of the Modification Warrants as part of the loss on extinguishment of debt in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The relative fair value of the February 2012 Warrants of $859,647 was recorded as debt discount. As a result of the surrender of the February 2012 Notes on June 19, 2012, we expensed the remaining unamortized debt discount. As of December 31, 2012, we recorded amortization of debt discount totaling $859,647 related to the February 2012 Notes. On June 19, 2012, we issued an aggregate of 7,000,000 Warrants in connection with the issuance of secured promissory notes (the “June 2012 Warrants”) (see NOTE 9). Of the 7,000,000 June 2012 Warrants, 6,000,000 are exercisable at $2.00 and 1,000,000 are exercisable at $3.00. The fair value of the June 2012 Warrants of $9,424,982 was determined by using the Black-Scholes Model on the date of the grant. The Warrants were valued on the date of the grant using a term of five years; a volatility of 44.64%; risk free rate of 0.75%; and a dividend yield of 0%. The relative fair value of the June 2012 Warrants of $1,649,890 was determined by using the relative fair value calculation method on the date of the grant. At December 31, 2012, $1,102,680 was reported as debt discount and $547,210 was recorded as amortization of debt discount on the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Warrants Issued for Services In March 2012, we issued an aggregate of 31,000 Warrants to five unaffiliated individuals for services rendered. These Warrants were valued on the date of the grant using a term of five years; a volatility of 44.81%; risk free rate of 1.04%; and a dividend yield of 0%; $29,736 was recorded as consulting expense in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In May 2012, we issued an aggregate of 1,300,000 Warrants to an unaffiliated entity for services to be rendered over approximately five years beginning in May 2012. Services provided are to include (a) services in support of our drug development efforts including, but not limited to, services in support our ongoing and future drug development and commercialization efforts, regulatory approval efforts, third-party investment and financing efforts, marketing efforts, chemistry, manufacturing and controls efforts, drug launch and post-approval activities, and other intellectual property and know-how transfer associated therewith; (b) services in support of our efforts to successfully obtain New Drug Approval; and (c) other consulting services as mutually agreed upon from time to time in relation to new drug development opportunities. The Warrants were valued at $1,532,228 on the date of the grant using a term of five years; a volatility of 44.71%; risk free rate of 0.74%; and a dividend yield of 0%. At December 31, 2012 we reported $360,528 as prepaid expense-short term, $953,655 as prepaid expense-long term, and recorded $218,045 as consulting expense in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The contract will expire upon the commercial manufacture of a drug product. Based on the review, we have determined that the process will take approximately five years. As a result, we are amortizing the $1,532,228 over five years. In June 2012, we issued an aggregate of 1,500 Warrants to three unaffiliated individuals for services rendered. The Warrants were valued on the date of the grant using a term of five years; a volatility of 44.78%; risk free rate of 0.72%; and a dividend yield of 0%. A total of $1,656 was recorded as consulting expense in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. During the year ended December 31, 2011, we issued the following:
|  | Number of Shares Under Company Warrants |  |  | Exercise Price |  |  | Exercise Term in Years |  |  | Fair Value |
Loan guarantee |  |  | 613,713 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | $ | 93,969 |
Loan consideration |  |  | 613,718 |  |  | $ | 0.41 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 30,993 |
Product consulting |  |  | 1,045,485 |  |  |  | $0.38-$0.41 |  |  |  | 5-10 |  |  |  | 189,942 |
Services |  |  | 784,711 |  |  |  | $0.38-$1.50 |  |  |  | 5-10 |  |  |  | 159,363 |
|  |  | 3,057,627 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 474,267 |
In March 2011, VitaMed entered into a Business Loan Agreement and Promissory Note for a $300,000 bank line of credit (the “Bank LOC”) for which the bank required personal guarantees and cash collateral. Personal guarantees and cash collateral limited to $100,000 each were provided by Robert Finizio and John Milligan, officers of VitaMed, and by Reich Family Limited Partnership, an entity controlled by Mitchell Krassan, also an officer of VitaMed. The Bank LOC accrued interest at the rate of 3.020% per annum based on a year of 360 days and was due on March 1, 2012. The bank and VitaMed negotiated a one-year extension to the Bank LOC, which was executed on March 19, 2012 (the “Bank LOC Extension”). The Bank LOC Extension accrues interest at the rate of 2.35% and is due on March 1, 2013. In consideration for the personal guarantees and cash collateral, VitaMed issued VitaMed Warrants for an aggregate of 499,998 Units (or Company Warrants for an aggregate of 613,713 shares pursuant to the Conversion Ratio). The ten-year Company Warrants vest at the rate of an aggregate of 76,714 shares per calendar quarter end and have an exercise price of $0.2444 per share. In the event that the bank loan is repaid prior to being fully vested, the Company Warrants will be reissued only for the number of shares vested through the date of repayment. On November 13, 2012, the then outstanding balance of $299,220 was repaid in full and we and the bank amended the Business Loan Agreement and Promissory Note to reflect a $100,000 bank line of credit (the “Amended Bank LOC”). As part of the Amended Bank LOC, the personal guarantees and cash collateral were removed for Mr. Finizio and Mr. Milligan. In accordance with the terms of the Company Warrants, the Company Warrants previously granted to Mr. Finizio and Mr. Milligan have been amended to reflect the amount vested prior to the date of the Amended Bank LOC (179,000 each). At December 31, 2012, an aggregate of 562,571 Company Warrants were vested. The Company Warrants, with a fair value of $93,969 ($86,139 after adjusting for the effect of the Amended Bank LOC), were valued on the date of the grant using a term of 10 years; a volatility of 47.89%; risk free rate of 3.48%; and a dividend yield of 0%. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, $45,036 and $38,159, respectively, was recorded as loan guaranty costs in other income and expense on the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In June 2011, VitaMed issued Promissory Notes (the “VitaMed Promissory Notes”) in the aggregate of $500,000 with accompanying VitaMed Warrants for an aggregate of 500,000 shares (or Company Warrants for an aggregate of 613,718 shares pursuant to the Conversion Ratio). The VitaMed Warrants were valued on the date of the grant using a term of five years; a range of volatility from 39.13% to 39.15%; risk free rate ranging from 1.38-1.65%; and a dividend yield of 0%. The Company Warrants vested immediately. Although the fair value was $30,993, using the appropriate accounting treatment, $28,719 was recorded as debt discount and fully amortized during 2011 with the amortized amount recorded as interest expense on the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In July 2011, VitaMed entered into a one-year consulting agreement with Lang Naturals, Inc. (“Lang”), providing for Lang to assist in the design, development, and distribution efforts of VitaMed’s initial product offering. As compensation, Lang received a VitaMed Warrant for 200,000 shares (or a Company Warrant for 245,485 shares pursuant to the Conversion Ratio). The VitaMed Warrant was valued on the date of the grant at $12,548 using a term of five years; a volatility of 39.44%; risk free rate of 1.56%; and a dividend yield of 0%. The Company Warrant vested immediately. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, $6,936 and $5,612, respectively was recorded as non-cash compensation on the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In October 2011, we (i) issued a Company Warrant for 600,000 shares with a fair value of $133,045 to an officer of the Company for services performed. The Company Warrant was valued on the date of the grant using a term of 10 years; volatility of 45.94%; risk free rate of 2.23%; and a dividend yield of 0%. The Company Warrant vests over a 44-month period beginning on November 21, 2011 (or 13,636 shares for months 1-43 and 13,652 shares for month 44). As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, of the $133,045 fair value, $36,284 and $7,158, respectively, was recorded as non-cash compensation on the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The remaining $89,603 will be expensed to non-cash compensation equitably over the remaining 30 months; (ii) issued a Company Warrant for 184,211 shares with a fair value of $25,980 to an unrelated entity for consulting services covered under a two month agreement. The Company Warrant was valued on the date of the grant using a term of five years; volatility of 41.04%; risk free rate of 1.08%; and a dividend yield of 0%. As of December 31, 2011, the $25,980 fair value was recorded as financing expense on the accompanying consolidated financial statements; and (iii), VitaMed entered into a two-year consulting agreement with Lang providing for a Lang representative to help evaluate improvements to existing products and new products as well as services, including but not limited to, research, design, compliance, scientific and regulatory affairs and commercialization of products. As compensation, Lang received a Company Warrant for 800,000 shares. The Company Warrant was valued on the date of the grant using a term of 10 years; a volatility of 45.94%; risk free rate of 2.23%; and a dividend yield of 0%. The Company Warrant vested immediately. Of the $177,394 fair value, $88,696 and $17,010 was recorded as non-cash compensation and $71,688 and $160,384 was recorded as prepaid expense as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, on the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In December 2011, we issued a Company Warrant for 500 shares with a fair value of $338 to an unrelated individual for consulting services covered under a three month agreement. The Company Warrant was valued on the date of the grant using a term of 10 years; volatility of 51.83%; risk free rate of 0.91%; and a dividend yield of 0%. The Company Warrant vested immediately. As of December 31, 2011, of the $338 fair value, $15 was recorded as non-cash compensation and $323 was recorded as prepaid expense on the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The weighted average fair value per share of Company Warrants granted and the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Model during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 are set forth in the table below.
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Weighted average fair value |  | $ | 2.05 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 0.72-1.04% |  |  |  | 0.91-3.48% |
Volatility |  |  | 44.64-44.81% |  |  |  | 39.13-51.83% |
Term (in years) |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5-10 |
Dividend yield |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.00 | %
The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates on zero coupon U.S. Treasury bonds whose maturity period is appropriate for the term. Estimated volatility is a measure of the amount by which our stock price is expected to fluctuate each year during the term of the award. Our estimated volatility is an average of the historical volatility of the stock prices of its peer entities whose stock prices were publicly available. Our calculation of estimated volatility is based on historical stock prices over a period equal to the term of the awards. We used the historical volatility of peer entities due to the lack of sufficient historical data of its stock price during 2001-2012. A summary of our Common Stock purchase warrant activity and related information for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 follows:
|  | Number of Shares Under Company Warrants |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life in Years |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
Balance at December 31, 2010 |  |  | -0- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 3,057,627 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  |  | 7.9 |  |  | $ | 3,483,691 |
Exercised |  |  | -0- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expired |  |  | -0- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cancelled |  |  | -0- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 3,057,627 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  |  | 7.9 |  |  | $ | 3,483,691 |
Granted |  |  | 17,332,500 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | $ | 31,891,150 |
Exercised |  |  | (8,145,486 | ) |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expired |  |  | -0- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cancelled |  |  | (51,142 | ) |  | $ | 0.24 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 12,193,499 |  |  | $ | 1.63 |  |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | $ | 17,971,994 |
Vested and Exercisable at |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2012 |  |  | 11,784,408 |  |  | $ | 1.69 |  |  |  | 4.7 |  |  | $ | 16,859,266 |
Stock Options In 2009, we adopted the 2009 Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2009 Plan”) to provide financial incentives to employees, members of the Board, advisers , and consultants of our company who are able to contribute towards the creation of or who have created stockholder value by providing them stock options and other stock and cash incentives (the “Awards”). The Awards available under the 2009 Plan consist of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance stock, performance units, and other stock or cash awards as described in the 2009 Plan. There are 25,000,000 shares authorized for issuance thereunder. Prior to the Merger, no awards had been issued under the 2009 Plan. As of December 31, 2012 there were 11,508,488 shares issued under the 2009 Plan. On February 23, 2012, our Board of Directors adopted the 2012 Stock Incentive Plan, a non-qualified plan not requiring approval by our stockholders (the “2012 Plan”). The 2012 Plan was designed to serve as an incentive for retaining qualified and competent key employees, officers, directors, and certain consultants and advisors of our company. There are 10,000,000 shares of our Common Stock authorized for issuance thereunder. As of December 31, 2012 there were 2,225,000 shares issued under the 2012 Plan. A summary of activity under the 2009 and 2012 Plans and related information follows:
|  | Number of Shares Under Company Options |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life in Years |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
Balance at December 31, 2010 |  |  | -0- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted(1) |  |  | 10,682,218 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  |  | 7.6 |  |  | $ | 14,188,484 |
Exercised |  |  | (92,057 | ) |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expired |  |  | -0- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cancelled |  |  | -0- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 10,590,161 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  |  | 7.6 |  |  | $ | 14,067,649 |
Granted |  |  | 5,121,250 |  |  | $ | 2.80 |  |  |  | 9.7 |  |  | $ | 1,737,530 |
Exercised |  |  | (1,931,788 | ) |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expired |  |  | -0- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cancelled |  |  | (46,135 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 13,733,488 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |  |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | $ | 26,804,117 |
Vested and Exercisable at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 8,370,408 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  |  | 6.7 |  |  | $ | 22,811,422 |
(1) This includes: (i) VitaMed Options granted between October 2008 and December 31, 2010 for an aggregate of 7,639,722 Units of which 16,000 were canceled prior to conversion (or Company Options for 9,357,561 shares per the Conversion Ratio), (ii) VitaMed Options granted between January 1, 2011 and October 3, 2011 for an aggregate of 621,000 Units (or Company Options for 762,235 shares per the Conversion Ratio) and (iii) Company Options granted between October 4, 2011 and December 31, 2011 for an aggregate of 562,422 shares. The terms and conditions of the VitaMed Options were reflected in the replacement Company Options including the number of shares vested. The weighted-average grant date fair value of Company Options granted during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $1.16 and $0.16, respectively. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, Company Options outstanding covered an aggregate of 13,733,488 and 10,590,161 shares, respectively, with a weighted average contractual life of 7.7 and 7.6 years, respectively, and exercise prices ranging from $2.20 to $3.40 per share in 2012 and $0.10 to $1.22 per share in 2011 resulting in a weighted average exercise price of $1.16 and $0.16 per share, respectively. The valuation methodology used to determine the fair value of Company Options is the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model (“Black-Scholes Model”), an acceptable model in accordance with ASC 718-10. The Black-Scholes Model requires the use of a number of assumptions including volatility of the stock price, the risk-free interest rate, and the expected life. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Model during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and are set forth in the table below.
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 0.61-2.23% |  |  |  | 0.91-2.54% |
Volatility |  |  | 40.77-46.01% |  |  |  | 37.92-40.48% |
Expected life (in years) |  |  | 5-6.25 |  |  |  | 5.5-6.25 |
Dividend yield |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.00 | %
The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates on zero coupon U.S. Treasury bonds whose maturity period is appropriate for the expected life. Estimated volatility is a measure of the amount by which our stock price is expected to fluctuate each year during the term of the award. Our estimated volatility is an average of the historical volatility of the stock prices of its peer entities whose stock prices were publicly available. Our calculation of estimated volatility is based on historical stock prices over a period equal to the term of the awards. We used the historical volatility of peer entities due to the lack of sufficient historical data of its stock price during 2001-2011. The average expected life is based on the contractual term of the option using the simplified method. Share-based compensation expense for Company Options recognized in our results for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 ($1,832,062 and $183,355 respectively) is based on awards vested and we estimated no forfeitures. ASC 718-10 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from the estimates. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, total unrecognized estimated compensation expense related to non-vested Company Options granted prior to that date was approximately $4,391,000 and $244,000, respectively, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years. No tax benefit was realized due to a continued pattern of operating losses.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity, comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, if any, including other comprehensive income (as applicable). Including, but not limited to: (1) balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings; (2) accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and total amount of comprehensive income; (3) amount and nature of changes in separate accounts, including the number of shares authorized and outstanding, number of shares issued upon exercise and conversion, and for other comprehensive income, the adjustments for reclassifications to net income; (4) rights and privileges of each class of stock authorized; (5) basis of treasury stock, if other than cost, and amounts paid and accounting treatment for treasury stock purchased significantly in excess of market; (6) dividends paid or payable per share and in the aggregate for each class of stock for each period presented; (7) dividend restrictions and accumulated preferred dividends in arrears (in aggregate and per share amount); (8) retained earnings appropriations or restrictions, such as dividend restrictions; (9) impact of change in accounting principle, initial adoption of new accounting principle and correction of an error in previously issued financial statements; (10) shares held in trust for Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP); (11) deferred compensation related to issuance of capital stock; (12) note received for issuance of stock; (13) unamortized discount on shares; (14) description, terms, and number of warrants or rights outstanding; (15) shares under subscription and subscription receivables, effective date of new retained earnings after quasi-reorganization and deficit eliminated by quasi-reorganization and, for a period of at least ten years after the effective date, the point in time from which the new retained dates; and (16) retroactive effective of subsequent change in capital structure. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-X (SX) -Number 210 -Section 04 -Article 3 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21488-112644 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-X (SX) -Number 210 -Section 02 -Paragraph 29, 30, 31 -Article 5 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 4 -Section E Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Glossary Preferred Stock -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6521494 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 11 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21564-112644 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 4 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 4.C) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6959260&loc=d3e187143-122770 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21484-112644 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21475-112644 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21506-112644 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6405834&loc=d3e23285-112656 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Accounting Research Bulletin (ARB) -Number 43 -Section B -Paragraph 7, 11A -Chapter 1 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 4 -Section C Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21463-112644 Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-X (SX) -Number 210 -Section 08 -Paragraph d -Article 4 Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 210 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-31) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6877327&loc=d3e13212-122682 Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 4.E) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6228006&loc=d3e74512-122707 Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) -Number 5 -Paragraph 15 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6959260&loc=d3e187085-122770 Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) -Number 129 -Paragraph 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) -Number 12 -Paragraph 10 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(d),(e)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6881521&loc=d3e23780-122690 Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-X (SX) -Number 210 -Section 08 -Article 4 + Details
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