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Operating expenses
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Operating Expenses [Abstract]  
Operating expenses
12.
Operating expenses
The following provides information about operating expenses (in thousands):
 
    
Three Months Ended March 31,
  
     2021      2020  
Compensation and employee benefits
   
$
   19,891     
$
   18,018  
Selling and marketing
      13,865        29,742  
General and administrative
      8,651        9,429  
Research and development
      2,050        3,269  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total operating expenses
   
$
 44,457     
$
 60,458  
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Our compensation and employee benefits exclude those employees who perform research & development (“R&D”) related activities. Our R&D costs consist mainly of costs incurred under agreements with contract research organizations (“CROs”) and other third parties that conduct our clinical related studies, compensation and benefit costs related employees engaged in R&D activities, costs to developing our chemistry, manufacturing, and controls capabilities, costs related to manufacturing validation, and costs associated with other research activities and regulatory approvals. With regards to costs of clinical trials, they may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to a variety of factors and we base our expenses related to clinical trials on estimates based on our experience and estimates from CROs and other third parties. R&D expenditures for the drug products will continue after the clinical trial completes for
on-going
stability and laboratory testing, regulatory submission, and response work.