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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended AUGUST 31, 2024

| Or |

| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition period from _________ to _________________

Commission File Number: 000-19954

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING CO LTD

(Name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_________British Columbia, Canada_______ _________00-0000000________

(State or Incorporation or Organization) (IRS Employer ID No.)

32275 NW Hillcrest, North Plains, OR, USA 97133

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s Telephone Number 503-647-0110

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, no par value | JCTC | NASDAQ Capital Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act ¨ Yes x No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ¨ Yes x No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒ | Smaller Reporting Company ☒
| Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.. ¨ Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ¨

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive- based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).

¨ Yes x No

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter:

February 29, 2024 = $5,697,144

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of November 19, 2024: 3,504,802

Jewett-Cameron Trading Company Ltd.

Form 10-K Annual Report

Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

| PART I |
|  | Page
Item 1. | Business | 1
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 8
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 11
Item 1C. | Cybersecurity | 11
Item 2. | Properties | 12
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 12
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 12
| PART II |
Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 13
Item 6. | [Reserved] | 14
Item 7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 14
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 21
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplemental Data | 21
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 41
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 41
Item 9B. | Other Information | 41
Item 9C. | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | 41
| PART III |
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 42
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 47
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 49
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 50
Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 50
| PART IV |
Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 51
Item 16. | Form 10–K Summary | 51

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024 (“Annual Report”) contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words like “plans”, “expects”, “aims”, “believes”, “projects”, “anticipates”, “intends”, “estimates”, “will”, “should”, “could” and similar expressions in connection with any discussion, expectation, or projection of future operating or financial performance, events or trends. Forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations and assumptions, which are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from these expectations and assumptions due to changes in global political, economic, business, competitive, market, regulatory and other factors. Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law.

These factors include, but are not limited to, the fact that our business is highly competitive, we are continually seeking ways to expand our business, we may seek additional financing or other ways to expand operations and improve margins, as well as the other risk factors that are set forth in more detail elsewhere in this Annual Report, including in the sections, ITEM 1A, “Risk Factors”, and ITEM 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Introduction

Jewett-Cameron Trading Company Ltd. is organized under the laws of British Columbia, Canada. In this Annual Report, the “Company”, “Jewett-Cameron”, “we”, “our” and “us” refer to Jewett-Cameron Trading Company Ltd. and its subsidiaries.

Our operations are classified into three reportable operating segments and the parent corporate and administrative segment, which were determined based on the nature of the products we offer along with the markets being served. Consistent with our operational structure, our Chief Executive Officer (CEO), as the chief operating decision maker, manages our business based on segment financial information for purposes of evaluating performance, allocating resources, setting incentive compensation targets, as well as internal forecasting of future period financial results. Our segments are as follows:

| · | Pet, Fencing and Other

| · | Industrial wood products

| · | Seed processing and sales
| · | Corporate and administrative services

Total Company sales were $47.1 million and $54.3 million during fiscal years ended August 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Sales, income before taxes, assets, depreciation and amortization, capital expenditures, and interest expense by segment are shown in the financial statements under Note 11 “Segment Information.”

Our principal office is located at 32275 NW Hillcrest Street, North Plains, Oregon; and our website address is www.jewettcameron.com. Our primary mailing address is P.O. Box 1010, North Plains, OR 97133. Our phone number is (503) 647-0110. The contents of our website or any other website are not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report.

We file reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission located at 100 F Street NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of these filings may be accessed through their website at www.sec.gov. Reports are also filed under Canadian regulatory requirements on SEDAR, and these reports may be accessed at www.sedar.com.

The contact person for the Company is Chad Summers, President and CEO.

1

Our authorized capital includes 21,567,564 common shares without par value; and 10,000,000 preferred shares without par value. As of August 31, 2024 and November 19, 2024, there were 3,504,802 common shares outstanding. Our common shares are listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market in the United States with the symbol “JCTC”. The common shares formerly traded under the symbol “JCTCF” until October 9, 2024.

Our fiscal year ends on August 31st.

General Development of Business

Incorporation and Subsidiaries

Jewett-Cameron Trading Company Ltd. was incorporated under the Company Act of British Columbia on July 8, 1987 as a holding company for Jewett-Cameron Lumber Corporation (“JCLC”), which was incorporated in September 1953 in Oregon, USA. Jewett-Cameron Trading Company, Ltd. acquired all the shares of JCLC through a stock-for-stock exchange on July 13, 1987, and at that time JCLC became a wholly owned subsidiary. Effective September 1, 2013, the Company completed a reorganization of certain of its subsidiaries and JCLC’s name was changed to JC USA Inc. (“JC USA”). JC USA has the following wholly owned subsidiaries incorporated under the laws of the State of Oregon: Jewett-Cameron Seed Company, (“JCSC”), incorporated in October 2000, Greenwood Products, Inc. (“Greenwood”), incorporated in February 2002, and Jewett-Cameron Company (“JCC”) incorporated in September 2013. Jewett-Cameron Trading Company, Ltd. and its subsidiaries have no significant assets in Canada.

Corporate Development

Incorporated in 1953, JC USA initially operated as a small lumber wholesaler based in Portland, Oregon. In September 1984, the original stockholders sold their interest in the corporation to a new group of investors. Two members of that group remained active in the Company. These individuals are Donald Boone, who passed away in May 2019, and who was the previous Chairman and the former President, Chief Executive Officer, Treasurer, and Principal Financial Officer, transitioning to strictly the Board Chair in 2017; and Michael Nasser, who retired from day-to-day involvement in the business in December 2022, but remained engaged as a director until October 2023.

In 1987, we acquired JC USA and began to diversify into products beyond lumber trading. Lucky Dog® was acquired in 1995, and Adjust-A-Gate® was acquired in 2003.

In 2000, we acquired the operations and property that became our JCSC seed division.

In 2002, Greenwood acquired the business and certain assets of Greenwood Forest Products Inc., a company involved in the processing and distribution of specialty wood products.

In April 2023, as a result of lower quantities of seed for processing, and the demand for its marketing and sales services declining against rising costs, the Board of Directors decided to close the JCSC seed division. JCSC’s facilities and equipment were near the end of the expected useful life and would have required significant capital investment to remain operating. Regular operations at JCSC ended effective August 31, 2023, but some seed storage operations continued through July 2024 in order to provide customers time to obtain alternative storage arrangements. The entire seed inventory was sold in early October 2023, and the remaining equipment is in the process of being sold. Some of the JCSC personnel were moved to different positions within the Company as management has prioritized career development and retention whenever possible.

In September 2024, we announced the successful conclusion of an 18-month search and evaluation process to identify and evaluate potential new suppliers. We have historically sourced the majority of our metal products from a single factory in China. Under our new strategic sourcing program, we now have suppliers located in Canada, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Taiwan in addition to our original sources in China. The products from our new suppliers meet our high-quality standards with competitive pricing, but also mitigate the current 25% tariff rates from China placed on various Chinese made steel products imported into the United States. We expect this program will help us to maintain competitive pricing while enhancing our margins.

Narrative Description of Business

We are committed to improving the lives of professionals and do-it-yourselfers with innovative products that enrich outdoor spaces in their quality, performance, and ease to work with.

The Company’s operations are classified into four segments: Pet, Fencing and Other; Industrial wood products; Seed processing and sales; and corporate and administrative services.

2

Pet, Fencing and Other Operating Segment

We have concentrated on building a customer base for lawn, garden, and pet related products. Management believes this market is less sensitive to downturns in the U.S. economy than the market for new home construction as its products serve both new and existing home and pet owners. However, the home improvement business is seasonal, with higher levels of sales occurring between February and August. Inventory buildup occurs until the start of the season in February and then gradually declines to seasonal low levels at the end of the summer.

Our wood products, distributed through JCC, are not unique and are available from multiple suppliers and retail outlets. However, the metal products that JCC manufactures and distributes may be somewhat differentiated from similar products available from other suppliers. We have been successful in garnering key patents and trademarks on multiple products that assist their ability to continue to differentiate based on design and functionality.

We own the patents and manufacturing rights connected with the Adjust-A-Gate® and Fit-Right™ products, which are the gate support systems for wood, vinyl, chain link, and composite fences, in addition to our trade secret industry practices and well-known trademarked brands. We believe the ownership of these patents and trademarks is an important competitive advantage for these and certain other products. We completed our purchase of the full global trademark rights for Adjust-A-Gate® and filed its registration with the US Patent and Trademark Office in February 2023. As of the close of fiscal 2024, the Company owns 7 US Patents and 1 patent application pending in the US, CA, and MX pertaining to its fencing products.

Backlog orders have typically not been a factor in this business as customers may place firm priced orders for products for shipments to take place three to four months in the future which gives us time to order, manufacture and receive the goods at our warehouse in time to fulfil the customer’s order.

Industrial Wood Products - Greenwood

Greenwood is a wholesale distributor of a variety of specialty wood products. Current products are focused on the transportation industry. Greenwood’s total sales for fiscal 2024 and 2023 were 8% and 5%, respectively, of total Company sales.

The primary market in which Greenwood competes has decreased in economic sensitivity as users are incorporating products into the municipal and mass transit transportation sectors. However, these markets sustained some contractions in recent years due to COVID-19 as work shifted from offices to homes, and many individuals utilized public transit less due to concerns over exposure. In addition, this segment is prone to disruption of supply chain support which can impact other commodities outside of those specific to the disruption.

Greenwood utilizes contract manufacturers to supply its products. Inventory is maintained at non-owned warehouses and wood treating facilities throughout the United States and is primarily shipped to customers on a just-in-time basis. Inventory is generally not purchased on a speculative basis in anticipation of price changes as we order the products from the manufacturers and warehouses once a customer places an order with us.

Greenwood has no significant backlog of orders.

Seed Processing and Sales - JCSC

JCSC operated out of a Company-owned 11.6 acre facility located adjacent to North Plains, Oregon. JCSC processed and distributed agricultural seed. Most of this segment’s sales came from selling seed to distributors with a lesser amount of sales derived from cleaning seed. Sales of seed has seasonality, but it is most affected by weather patterns in multiple parts of the United States that utilize cyclical planting. The annual weather plays an important part in year-to-year sales volatility and specific crop demand.

We ended regular operations at JCSC effective August 31, 2023 and have sold all of our remaining seed inventory and are working to sell the remaining JCSC equipment. Seed storage operations continued through July, 2024.

In July 2024, we listed the JCSC property for sale or lease. The combined size of the buildings is approximately 109,500 square feet. One of the buildings is specialized for the seed industry, while most are metal warehouse buildings with power, allowing a wide array of possible uses. The property is currently zoned “Rural Industrial” (RIND), which allows for use of the existing property, or development of the site, as approved by Washington County. We are exploring the potential to re-zone the property, or revise the existing code, to expand the list of permitted uses. The listed sale price of the property is $9,000,000. This is the current asking price, and there is no guarantee the property will sell for this amount. If we are able to complete a sale, the net proceeds will be reduced by brokers’ commissions, expenses related to the sale, and taxes.

3

Corporate and Administrative Services – JC USA

JC USA is the parent company for Greenwood, JCC and JCSC as described above. JC USA operates out of our offices in North Plains, Oregon and provides professional and administrative services, including warehousing, accounting and credit services, to JCTC’s subsidiary companies.

Company Products

The Company’s mission is to improve the lives of professionals and do-it-yourselfers with innovative products that enrich outdoor spaces. We design, source, commercialize and distribute our products. Many are patent protected and all are well crafted for their quality, performance, and ease to work with.

The Fencing, Pet and Sustainable Product businesses are conducted by JCC, which operates out of a 5.6 acre owned facility located in North Plains, Oregon that includes offices, a warehouse, and a paved yard. JCC uses contract manufacturers to make all products. Some of the products that JCC distributes flow through our distribution center located in North Plains, Oregon, and some are shipped direct to the customer from the manufacturer. Primary customers are home centers, eCommerce providers, other retailers, and direct sales to consumers.

The Industrial Wood Products segment is conducted by Greenwood, a processor and distributor that operates out of the same facilities in North Plains, Oregon. Greenwood contracts with custom manufacturers for its products. Inventory is maintained at non-owned warehouses and wood treating facilities throughout the United States and is primarily shipped to customers on a just-in-time basis.

Fencing Products

Our fencing business crafts durable, functional fencing solutions that bolster security, privacy, and beauty. Our primary products include:

| · | The Adjust-A-Gate® family of products are straightforward, lifelong solutions that eliminates measurement issues. Complete steel frame gate kits to perfectly fit openings for wood fences and never sag. Easy enough for homeowners, but with superior quality that meets the demands of the professional contractor.

| · | Fit-Right® is a fully adjustable gate system for chain link gates. This custom solution is perfect for when a special sized chain link gate opening is needed. Equipped with all the necessary parts, building a gate on-site eliminates measurement issues for the right fit the first time and every time.

| · | Lifetime Steel Post® offers unmatched strength and versatility in fencing. This post offers versatile support for a range of fence designs and styles, allowing flexibility to showcase the posts or keep them discreetly hidden.

| · | Euro Fence offers the beauty of wood without the upkeep, featuring durable wood/plastic composite materials. With locking tongue & groove composite and aluminum boards, it provides UV protection, never needs paint or stain, and installs easily in-ground or mounted.

| · | Perimeter Patrol® Portable Security Panels create an enclosed space or linear fence for outdoor areas. Perfect for crowd control, job site security, outdoor events, enclosed storage areas and more.

| · | Cedar fencing is a premium softwood known for its unique blend of beauty and durability. Its natural resistance to decay enhances its longevity, while its ease of cutting, sawing, and nailing with standard tools makes it a preferred choice for versatile applications.

Pet Products

Our Lucky Dog® brand is dedicated to keeping pets safe and happy with exceptional quality, long-lasting products that put your pet first. Our primary pet products are:

| · | Lucky Dog® STAY Series Studio Kennels built with long-lasting steel frames and powder coated finish. The waterproof polyester cover offers UPF 50+ protection and is designed for ultimate comfort.

| · | Lucky Dog® Outdoor Kennel Covers provide durable, waterproof protection with UPF 50+ sun defense. Designed for year-round comfort, they fit securely over Lucky Dog® Kennels.

| · | Lucky Dog® Dwell Series® Crates offers peace of mind with secure latches, rust-resistant E-coating along with a patented sliding side door and patented corner stabilizers. With a top handle for easy transport and a divider panel for flexible space, they offer durability and convenience.

| · | Lucky Dog® Exercise Pens provide a secure space for pets with sturdy, rust-resistant wire construction. Featuring a step-thru door, tool-free setup, and fold-flat design for easy storage, these pens are perfect for both indoor and outdoor use.

4

Sustainable Products

Our newest product category is Sustainable and Post-Consumer Recycled (“PCR”) bag products. Sold under the MyEcoWorld® brand, it is making a tangible, positive difference to the planet by working to reduce conventional single-use plastic in our daily lives.

We offer two types of bag products. The Compostable bags are made with 30% corn. The PCR Products are certified to the Global Recycled Standard (GRS) to contain recycled material that has been independently verified at each stage of the supply chain, from the source to the final product, and cost less than compostable bags.

Our primary Sustainable Products are:

| · | Food Waste Bags that are certified compostable and worm-safe. These durable bags offer puncture resistance, odor control, and pest deterrence, ensuring reliable use and a cleaner kitchen environment.

| · | Yard Waste Bags that are suitable for a variety of composting methods, including home, curbside pickup, and industrial composting facilities.

| · | Pet Poop Bags that ensure no breaks or leaks while keeping the user’s hands clean.

Industrial Wood Products

Greenwood Products specializes in engineering advanced noise and vibration reduction panels for transit buses, motor coaches, light rail cars, and boats. Our dB-Ply® proprietary acoustical panel is a cost-effective product designed to reduce vibration and sound transmission to meet mandated interior noise requirements. Greenwood’s other products include durable, high-performance structural panels tailored for a wide range of industrial applications, and Jumbo Concrete Forms designed to reduce installation time and lower job-site labor costs.

Seed Segment

The Company formerly operated agricultural seed processing, distribution and sales through JCSC. Most of this segment’s sales were derived from selling seed to distributors with a lesser amount of sales derived from cleaning seed. During the fiscal year ended August 31, 2023, the Company decided to close its JCSC seed subsidiary effective August 31, 2023. JCSC has sold all of its seed inventory and is in the process of selling the segment’s remaining equipment.

Company Strategy

Management continues to focus on multiple strategies to lower costs, increase sales and improve profitability.

These strategies include:

| · | Sales Growth

| · | Product Innovation

| · | Operational Efficiency

| · | Monetization of Surplus Assets

5

Driving Sales Growth

In-Store Displayer Expansion

During the third quarter of fiscal 2024, we successfully trialed new in-store merchandiser displays for Lifetime Steel Post® for wood fences at major home improvement retailers in Southern California. The initial success of the program was then expanded into more stores throughout the summer of 2024 and totaled over 100 stores by the end of August 2024. The displayers are continuing to roll out into more stores across multiple regions. These displays are located in close proximity to the wood fencing materials and demonstrate the usefulness and durability of the product to those consumers shopping for wood fencing. These Lifetime Steel Post(R) displayers are in addition to our Adjust-A-Gate(R) merchandisers which are thousands of stores. Each Lifetime Steel Post® display contains 96 posts and each Adjust-A-Gate® display contains 20 units and 4 drop rods. A typical fence project may contain 1 or 2 gates and upwards of 24 or more posts. Each display unit will require replenishment throughout the year, which is expected to provide increased reorder demand for each product.

To manage the in-store displayer program, the company has partnered with Continental Sales & Marketing, Inc. (“CSM”). CSM is a nationally recognized, multifaceted, strategic business partner with over 49 years of experience with national and regional home improvement retailers. CSM has built strong relationships across a wide range of departments at the corporate level of major home centers, co-ops and independent dealers, and are talented at distribution, supply chain and SKU management issues. CSM will be working to place additional fencing display units with retailers across the country and facilitate the necessary replenishment of each unit as display product is sold. CSM will also work to increase the online presence of our other products through our retail partners, including key national and regional home improvement retailers, which will provide additional visibility and sales opportunities to expand distribution of our various product lines.

Appointment of New Vice-President of Sales and Marketing and Retail Ambassadors

In August 2024, we appointed a new Vice President of Sales and Marketing, who has a proven track record of successfully growing sales with productive marketing campaigns, innovative product enhancements and targeted engagement with customers. We believe this appointment will help grow our market share, including among the professionals served by our big box home center customers. We intend to increase our efforts to engage with professional contractors and fence installers. Besides increasing direct demand for our products, we also want to equip them to become ambassadors and influencers of our products. This will provide us with direct access to the most frequent users of these products to provide ongoing feedback to help with product innovation and solutions.

Grow Greenwood Products sales through both existing and new customers

The demand for Greenwood’s transit-oriented products has picked up post-pandemic and riders have returned to the office. Beyond transit, Greenwood’s specialty engineered lumber has multiple uses in multiple markets, including other types of transportation, construction, and industrial sectors. We believe we can grow our sales by expanding our sales efforts to both existing customers as well as to new potential customers in multiple industries outside of transit with the addition of new traders with sales experience across multiple industries.

Expand MyEcoWorld® Distribution

Our MyEcoWorld® sustainable and Post Consumer Recycled (PCR) bags have been well received by the marketplace with excellent consumer reviews. Our current sustainable products include compostable bin liners, yard debris bags, and pet waste bags. We also offer lower cost PCR bags. We believe all of these products have excellent performance and are priced competitively. Our strategy is to increase our market penetration through multiple channels. In addition to our relationships with home improvement retailers and large mass merchandise retailers, we have already placed our bags in certain grocery stores and are working to increase our placement in additional grocery chains and more stores within each chain. We are also offering a direct to consumer subscription service, where customers can purchase MyEcoWorld® products direct from the Company and have additional products shipped to them directly on a regular schedule. We believe this category has the potential to grow as the demand for high performing sustainable products grows along with the increasing plastic bans being legislated throughout the country. We relaunched the line in fiscal 2024 with our expanded product offerings. Our recent engagement of CSM for sales and marketing support will also include MyEcoWorld®, where their relationships with retailers across the country will help us introduce these products to new stores, including big box retailers.

Product Innovation and Development

We are committed to continuing to innovate by improving and expanding our existing product lines in addition to adding new products that solve problems, meet unmet needs, and enrich outdoor spaces.

We develop new products and improve our existing products through a number of methods. Many of our enhancements have originated from suggestions from our customers to improve their experience and to better meet their needs. Our suppliers also help us to improve our products based on their manufacturing experience. We also seek to acquire existing products that complement our current product lines.

We have 5 new and enhanced products set to launch over next 12 months, which include enhancements to our Original Adjust-A-Gate®, Lifetime Steel Post®, and Euro Fence products.

6

Operational Efficiency

Sourcing Diversification

The Company has historically sourced the majority of our metal products from a single factory in China. Over 18 months, management completed an extensive and thorough world-wide search and evaluation process to identify and evaluate potential new suppliers. These suppliers needed to meet the Company’s high-quality standards with competitive pricing, as well as offering innovative capabilities to collaborate with us to both continuously improve our products and also develop entirely new products. This process has successfully concluded with the implementation of a new multi-source, strategic sourcing program for fiscal 2025, which we publicly announced in September 2024. We now have suppliers located in Canada, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Taiwan in addition to our original sources in China. These new supply agreements cover the Company’s fence products, dog containment products, as well as MyEcoWorld® products. The products from our new suppliers meet our high-quality standards with competitive pricing. They also mitigate the current 25% tariff rates from China placed on various Chinese made steel products imported into the United States which has led to a higher cost of goods on a number of our most popular products. By sourcing more of our products from outside of China, we expect that it will help us to maintain competitive pricing, enhance our margins, and reduce our supply chain risk.

Expansion of Distribution Locations

Currently, we distribute most of our products from our Oregon warehouse, with some of our bulkier products drop shipped directly to the customer. This single location distribution model made our products less competitive for certain customers in the Midwest and East Coast due to high shipping costs and longer times to delivery. Our plan is to add a distribution center in the Eastern US through a third-party logistics partner. This arrangement would utilize the partner’s existing infrastructure and “pick and pack” services and require us to make no significant capital expenditures. Although it would increase our warehousing costs, we believe those costs can be offset through lower delivery costs and shipping times for existing customers and make our products more competitive to potential new customers that are located farther from our Oregon base. Once this new eastern center is established, we will look to add additional distribution centers in other areas of the US under similar third-party logistic agreements that can benefit from being closer to customers in those regions.

Monetization of Surplus Assets

In July 2024, we listed the JCSC property for sale or lease at a listing price of $9,000,000 which is a competitive price based on comparable properties in the area. This is the current asking price, and there is no guarantee the property will sell for this amount. The net proceeds of any sale will be reduced by brokers’ commissions, expenses related to the sale, and taxes. If we are able to complete a sale, the disposal of this surplus property will enhance our working capital in a non-dilutive manner.

Tariffs

Our metal and other products have historically been mostly manufactured in China and are imported into the United States. The Office of the United States Trade Representative (“USTR”) instituted new tariffs on the importation of a number of products into the United States from China effective September 24, 2018. These new tariffs are a response to what the USTR considers to be certain unfair trade practices by China. The tariffs began at 10%, and subsequently were increased to 25% as of May 10, 2019. A number of our products manufactured in China remain subject to duties of 25% when imported into the United States.

During fiscal 2024, we engaged suppliers in countries outside of China, including Bangladesh, Vietnam, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Canada. Products manufactured in and imported from these countries are not subject to the China-specific tariffs, but may be subject to other duties and fees that are typically much lower than the current 25% tariff on Chinese manufactured metal products.

7

Customer Concentration

The top ten customers were responsible for 88% and 88% of total Company sales for the years ended August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023, respectively. Also, the Company’s single largest customer was responsible for 36% and 35% of total Company sales for the years ended August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023 respectively.

Employees

As of August 31, 2024 we had 62 full-time employees (August 31, 2023 – 68 full-time employees). By segment these employees were located as follows: JCC – 40 (2023 – 40) Greenwood – 2 (2023 – 1), JCSC – 0 (2023 – 8), and JC USA – 20 (2023 -19). At the end of fiscal 2023, we ceased regular operations at JCSC. Four of the JCSC employees were transferred to JCC, and the remainder were terminated and offered transition assistance. We continue to evaluate our ongoing staffing needs, and during 2024 we reduced our number of employees in conjunction with our improved business alignment, oversight of responsibilities, professional development opportunities, and more efficient operations. As of November 19, the number of our full-time employees is 53.

None of our employees are represented by unions. Jewett-Cameron Trading Company Ltd. has no direct employees, and our CEO and CFO are employed by JC USA.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Investors should carefully consider the following risk factors and all other information contained in this Annual Report. There is a great deal of risk involved in our business, and any of the following risks could affect our business, its financial condition, its potential profits or could result in you losing your entire investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties, including those not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, also may result in decreased revenues, increased expenses or other events which could result in a decline in our financial condition and the price of our common shares.

Risks Related to Our Business

We could experience a decrease in the demand for our products resulting in lower sales volumes.

In the past we have at times experienced decreasing products sales with certain customers. The reasons for this can be generally attributed to: increased competition; general economic conditions; demand for products; and consumer interest rates. If economic conditions deteriorate or if consumer preferences change, we could experience a significant decrease in profitability.

If our top customers were lost, we could experience lower sales volumes.

For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024 our top ten customers represented 88% of our total sales, and our single largest customer was responsible for 36% of our total sales. We would experience a significant decrease in sales and profitability and would have to cut back our operations, if these customers were lost and could not be replaced. Our top ten customers are located in North America and are primarily in the retail home improvement and pet industries.

We are dependent upon third-party manufacturers and suppliers for substantially all our of products

We do not have any manufacturing capabilities and rely on a limited number of contract manufacturers located outside the United States for the majority of our products. Our reliance on contract manufacturers involves certain risks, including:

| · | Production disruptions or delays at the factory as a result of political instability, labor unrest, mechanical issues, natural disasters, or pandemic outbreaks;

| · | Capacity constraints;

| · | Inability to control the quality of the finished products;

| · | Inability to control manufacturing and delivery schedules;

If our products are delayed or cannot be supplied in a timely manner, we risk losing revenue and customers. Developing alternate sources of supply for our products that meet our requirements may be time-consuming, difficult, and costly, and we may not be able to source our products on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which will have a negative effect on our revenue and financial condition.

8

We face significant competition, which could reduce the demand for our products.

Our revenue depends in part on maintaining and growing the sales of our current products in both existing and new markets, but also by improving existing products and developing new products. There is substantial competition among companies in each of our market sectors, and a number of companies market products that compete directly with our products. Current and potential customers may consider these products from our competitors to be superior to or less expensive than our products. Some of these competitors may also have greater financial, manufacturing, and sales and market resources than us. If we are unable to effectively compete with these other products and companies, we would likely lose market share which would result in a decrease in revenue and profitability.

We could experience delays in the delivery of our products to our customers causing us to lose business.

We purchase our products from other vendors and a delay in shipment from these vendors to us could cause significant delays in our delivery to our customers. Such disruptions may include adjustments to ocean shipping schedules, labor strikes or other job-related actions by workers within the supply chain, geopolitical unrest, longshoreman or rail strikes, geopolitical unrest, or government actions. This could result in a decrease in sales orders to us and we would experience a loss in profitability.

Governmental actions, such as tariffs, and/or foreign policy actions could adversely and unexpectedly impact our business.

Since the bulk of our products are supplied from other countries, political actions by either our trading country or our own domestic policy could impact both availability and cost of our products. Currently, we see this in regard to tariffs being levied on foreign sourced products entering into the United States, including from China. The continuing tariffs by the United States on certain Chinese goods include some of our products that we purchase from suppliers in China. The possibility of new tariffs being levied on manufactured goods imported into the United States from other countries in addition to China also currently exists. We cannot control the duration or depth of such actions which may increase our product costs which would in turn reduce our margins and potentially decrease the competitiveness of our products. These actions could have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Inflation could adversely affect our business

Inflation has many impacts on our business, including increasing our direct costs for raw materials, manufacturing, shipping and logistics, labor, and energy. Our ability to pass on these higher costs to our customers is limited. When we are able to increase our selling prices, it may be delayed several months after we first incur the higher costs and we may not be able to fully recoup the difference. In addition, high rates of inflation can reduce consumer’s discretionary spending and reduce demand for our products. These actions could have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Outdoor product sales are highly seasonal and subject to adverse weather.

Our fencing and outdoor products are primarily bought by consumers during the spring and summer. The majority of our revenues and income from these products occur during our 3rd and 4th quarters of our fiscal year. Demand for these products is highly affected by the weather. Adverse weather, including abnormally wet conditions or unseasonably hot or cold temperatures, can negatively affect demand for our products and cause our customers to delay, or reduce, their orders. This would have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Competitors may infringe on our intellectual property which would negatively affect our business and financial condition

We rely on our intellectual property rights, including patents, patent applications, and trademarks, to provide us with competitive advantages and protect us from theft of our intellectual property. We believe that our patents are valid, enforceable, and valuable. If third parties infringe on our intellectual property, we may be forced to pursue litigation which would consume significant amounts of our management and financial resources. There is no guarantee that we will have the financial resources necessary to engage in litigation, or that any litigation we do pursue will result in a favorable outcome. Such infringements or unfavorable outcomes of litigation would have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

9

Our products may have issues that could lead to product liability claims

The products we manufacture and distribute exposes us to potential product liability risks. Although we seek to insure against such risks, there can be no assurance that such insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover any claims or adverse legal judgements, and our costs to defend any litigation could be significant. A successful product liability claim in excess of our insurance coverage could have a material negative effect on our business and financial condition. In addition, it could significantly increase our costs of this insurance on commercially reasonable terms or make it unavailable to us altogether.

We could lose our credit agreement and could result in our not being able to pay our creditors.

We have a line of credit with Northrim where short-term operating capital will be provided by purchasing our accounts receivable invoices for up to $6,000,000, or as a loan against our inventory for up to $4,000,000, with the maximum amount we can draw under the line of $6,000,000. The maximum draw amount is currently available, and the line will expire on June 30, 2025. If we lost access to credit, or the borrowing costs exceed the likely benefits of our use of such capital, it could negatively affect our ability to acquire inventory to fulfil our customers’ orders and pay our obligations on a timely basis.

Our information technology systems are susceptible to certain risks, including cyber security breaches, which could adversely impact our operations and financial condition.

Our operations involve information technology systems that process, transmit and store information about our suppliers, customers, employees, and financial information. These systems face threats including telecommunication failures, natural disasters, and cyber security threats, including computer viruses, unauthorized access to our systems, and other security issues. While we have taken aggressive steps to implement security measures to protect our systems and initiated an ongoing training program to address many of the primary causes of cyber threat with all our employees, such threats change and morph almost daily. There is no guarantee our actions will secure our information systems against all threats and vulnerabilities. The compromise or failure of our information systems could have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to detect fraud or report our financial results accurately, which could harm our business and we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny.

We have completed a management assessment of internal controls as prescribed by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which we were required to do in connection with our audit of our financial statements for the year ended August 31, 2024. Based on this process we did not identify any material weaknesses or significant deficiencies. Although we believe our internal controls are operating effectively, we cannot guarantee that in the future we will not identify any material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in connection with this ongoing process.

A contagious disease outbreak, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic emergency, could have an adverse effect on our operations and financial condition

Our business could be negatively affected by an outbreak of an infectious disease due to the consequences of the actions taken by companies and governments to contain and control such an outbreak. These consequences include:

| · | The inability of our third-party manufacturers to manufacture or deliver products to us in a timely manner, if it all.

| · | Isolation requirements may prevent our employees from being able to report to work or being required to work from home or other off-site location which may prevent us from accomplishing certain functions, including receiving products from our suppliers and fulfilling orders for our customers, which may result in an inability to meet our obligations.

| · | Our new product launches may be delayed or require unexpected changes to be made to our new or existing products.

| · | The effect of the outbreak on the economy may be severe, including an economic downturn and decrease in employment levels which could result in a decrease in consumer demand for our products.

The financial impact of such an outbreak are outside our control and are not reasonable to estimate but may be significant. The costs associated with any outbreak may have an adverse impact on our operations and financial condition and not be fully recoverable or adequately covered by insurance.

10

Risks Related to Our Common Shares

We may decide to acquire assets or enter into business combinations, which could be paid for, either wholly or partially with our common shares and if we decide to do this our current shareholders would experience dilution in their percentage of ownership.

Our Articles of Incorporation give our Board of Directors the right to enter into any contract without the approval of our shareholders. Therefore, our management could decide to make an investment (buy shares, loan money, etc.) without shareholder approval. If we acquire an asset or enter into a business combination, this could include exchanging a large amount of our common shares, which could dilute the ownership interest of present shareholders.

Future stock distributions could be structured in such a way as to be 1) diluting to our current shareholders or 2) could cause a change in control to new investors.

If we raise additional funds by selling more of our stock, the new shares may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the rights of our existing shares. If common shares are issued in return for additional funds, the price per share could be lower than that paid by our current stockholders. The result of this would be a lessening of each present stockholder’s relative percentage interest in our company.

The Company’s common shares currently trade within the NASDAQ Capital Market in the United States. The average daily trading volume of our common stock was approximately 4,700 shares on NASDAQ for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024. With this limited trading volume, investors could find it difficult to purchase or sell our common stock or experience significant volatility in the price of our common stock.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

--- No Disclosure Necessary ---

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY

Risk Management and Strategy

We currently manage our cybersecurity risk through our IT consultants in a variety of practices that are applicable to all users of our information technology and information assets, including our officers, directors, employees, vendors and contractors. Our cyber risk management programs are designed to identify, assess, manage, mitigate, and respond to cybersecurity threats.

We utilize a combination of technology and active monitoring that are integrated within our enterprise risk management network system to promote security awareness and prevent security incidents that are consistent with recognized standards and practices for information technology and cyber security. Our process for addressing risk aligns with industry standards as outlined in the NIST Cybersecurity Framework and NIST Risk Management Framework. The performance and effectiveness of our cybersecurity program are also tested on a regular schedule by outside consulting third-party experts.

We have not experienced any material cybersecurity incidents or identified any material cybersecurity threats that have affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition.

Our Chief Financial Officer is responsible for assessing and managing our cyber risk management program and informs senior management regarding the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents.

Governance

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing risks related to cybersecurity.

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are responsible for assessing and managing risks and incidents relating to cybersecurity threats. They report any material findings and recommendations, if any, to the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors.

11

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our executive offices are located at 32275 NW Hillcrest Street, North Plains, Oregon. The 5.6 acre facility, which is owned, consists of 55,250 square feet of covered space (10,000 office and 47,250 warehouse), a little over three acres of paved yard space, and was originally completed in October 1995. A 12,000 square foot warehouse expansion was completed in fiscal 2017 which we are using for several new product lines. In fiscal 2021, we completed the conversion of 2,000 square feet of older warehouse space into 4,000 square feet of office and meeting space on two levels. The facility provides office space for JC USA, including all of our executive offices, and is used as a distribution center to service the customer base for JCC and Greenwood. During fiscal 2022, we leased an additional 4,700 square feet of warehouse space located in North Plains, Oregon.

During fiscal 2010, we purchased a 2,000 square foot building adjacent to our main facilities that previously housed a seed testing lab located at 31895 NW Hillcrest Street, North Plains, Oregon. We formerly leased the property for $729 per month until the expiration of the lease on January 4, 2010. At that time, the Company exercised its option to buy the land and building for a total cost of $150,946. In fiscal 2020, we renovated this building into an innovation center which focuses on new product development.

The property associated with JCSC, which is owned, consists of 11.6 acres of land, 105,000 square feet of buildings, rolling stock, and equipment. It was used for seed processing and storage. It is located at 31345 NW Beach Road, Hillsboro, Oregon, which is adjacent to North Plains, Oregon. With the closure of JCSC’s business, the property is considered surplus to our needs and is currently listed for sale or lease.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business. We are currently unaware of any material pending legal proceedings to which we are party or of which our property is the subject. However, we may at times in the future become involved in litigation in the ordinary course of business, which may include actions related to or based on our intellectual property and its use, customer claims, employment practices and employee complaints and other events arising out of our operations. When appropriate in management’s estimation, we will record adequate reserves in our financial statements for pending litigation. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in any such matters could adversely impact our reputation, operations, and our financial operating results or overall financial condition. Additionally, any litigation to which we may become subject could also require significant involvement of our senior management and may divert management’s attention from our business and operations.

In fiscal 2021, we initiated arbitration against a former distributor asserting a breach of the distribution agreement and seeking damages. In February 2023, the arbitrator issued its decision and ruled in our favor on the majority of all of our claims. A damages hearing was held in August 2023. In September 2023, we settled this arbitration for a cash payment of $2,450,000 which was received in October 2023.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

--- No Disclosure Necessary ---

12

PART II

| ITEM 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

Our common shares trade on the NASDAQ Capital Market (formerly the NASDAQ Small Cap Market) in the United States. The trading symbol for our common shares is “JCTC” and the CUSIP number for the stock is 47733C-20-7. The common shares formerly traded under the symbol “JCTCF” until October 9, 2024. Our common shares began trading on the NASDAQ Small Cap Market in April 1996.

Table No. 1 lists the volume of trading along with the high, low, and closing sales prices on the NASDAQ Capital Market for our common shares.

Table No. 1

NASDAQ Capital Market

Common Shares Trading Activity

(US Dollars)

Period Ended |  |  | Volume |  |  | High |  |  | Low |  |  | Closing |
| Monthly |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| September 2024 |  |  |  | 140,000 |  |  | $ | 5.00 |  |  | $ | 4.35 |  |  | $ | 4.98 |
| August 2024 |  |  |  | 70,300 |  |  |  | 4.72 |  |  |  | 3.86 |  |  |  | 4.61 |
| July 2024 |  |  |  | 151,200 |  |  |  | 5.24 |  |  |  | 4.01 |  |  |  | 4.10 |
| June 2024 |  |  |  | 98,300 |  |  |  | 5.69 |  |  |  | 4.70 |  |  |  | 4.85 |
| May 2024 |  |  |  | 161,100 |  |  |  | 5.50 |  |  |  | 5.16 |  |  |  | 5.36 |
| April 2024 |  |  |  | 100,000 |  |  |  | 5.69 |  |  |  | 4.58 |  |  |  | 5.23 |
| Quarterly |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Three months ended August 31, 2024 |  |  |  | 319,800 |  |  | $ | 5.69 |  |  | $ | 3.86 |  |  | $ | 4.61 |
| Three months ended May 31, 2024 |  |  |  | 289,000 |  |  |  | 5.71 |  |  |  | 4.58 |  |  |  | 5.36 |
| Three months ended February 29, 2024 |  |  |  | 301,000 |  |  |  | 6.35 |  |  |  | 4.89 |  |  |  | 5.27 |
| Three months ended November 30, 2023 |  |  |  | 261,100 |  |  |  | 4.99 |  |  |  | 4.50 |  |  |  | 4.86 |
| Three months ended August 31, 2023 |  |  |  | 471,700 |  |  | $ | 5.62 |  |  | $ | 3.70 |  |  | $ | 4.52 |
| Three months ended May 31, 2023 |  |  |  | 206,500 |  |  |  | 5.90 |  |  |  | 4.67 |  |  |  | 4.65 |
| Three months ended February 28, 2023 |  |  |  | 296,200 |  |  |  | 5.98 |  |  |  | 4.95 |  |  |  | 5.50 |
| Three months ended November 30, 2022 |  |  |  | 274,800 |  |  |  | 6.54 |  |  |  | 4.85 |  |  |  | 5.08 |
| Annually |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Fiscal year ended August 31, 2024 |  |  |  | 1,170,900 |  |  | $ | 6.35 |  |  | $ | 3.86 |  |  | $ | 4.61 |
| Fiscal year ended August 31, 2023 |  |  |  | 1,249,200 |  |  |  | 6.54 |  |  |  | 3.70 |  |  |  | 4.52 |
| Fiscal year ended August 31, 2022 |  |  |  | 842,000 |  |  |  | 13.74 |  |  |  | 5.50 |  |  |  | 6.36 |
| Fiscal year ended August 31, 2021 |  |  |  | 1,305,400 |  |  |  | 12.00 |  |  |  | 7.23 |  |  |  | 10.60 |
| Fiscal year ended August 31, 2020 |  |  |  | 455,600 |  |  |  | 8.78 |  |  |  | 5.00 |  |  |  | 7.55 |

Holders

Computershare Investor Services Inc. which is located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada is the registrar and transfer agent for our common shares.

On November 14, 2024 there were 29 registered shareholders and 3,504,802 shares of our common shares outstanding.

13

Dividends

We have not declared any dividends since incorporation and we do not anticipate that we will do so in the foreseeable future. Our present policy is to retain earnings for use in our operations and expansion of our business. There are no current restrictions that limit our ability to pay dividends on common equity or that are likely to do so in the future. Any dividends paid by us to U.S. shareholders would be subject to Canadian withholding tax.

Recent Sales of Securities: Use of Proceeds from Securities

We have not sold securities in the last three fiscal years.

Purchases of equity securities by the issuer and affiliated purchasers

We have not repurchased any common shares during the years ended August 31, 2024 or August 31, 2023.

ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

The Company’s operations are classified into three reportable operating segments and the parent corporate and administrative segment, which were determined based on the nature of the products offered along with the markets being served. The segments are as follows:

| · | Pet, Fencing and Other

| · | Industrial wood products

| · | Seed processing and sales
| · | Corporate and administrative services

Sales, income before taxes, assets, depreciation and amortization, capital expenditures, and interest expense by segment are shown in the financial statements under Note 12 “Segment Information.”

Quarterly Results

The following table summarizes quarterly financial results in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023. (Figures are thousands of dollars except per share amounts).

|  | For the Year Ended August 31, 2024 |
|  | First |  |  | Second |  |  | Third |  |  | Fourth |  |  | Full |
|  | Quarter |  |  | Quarter |  |  | Quarter |  |  | Quarter |  |  | Year |
Sales |  | $ | 9,806 |  |  | $ | 8,229 |  |  | $ | 15,896 |  |  | $ | 13,214 |  |  | $ | 47,145 |
Gross profit |  |  | 1,956 |  |  |  | 2,065 |  |  |  | 2,951 |  |  |  | 1,912 |  |  |  | 8,884 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | 1,292 |  |  |  | (534 | ) |  |  | 155 |  |  |  | (191 | ) |  |  | 722 |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | (0.15 | ) |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | (0.05 | ) |  | $ | 0.21 |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | (0.15 | ) |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | (0.05 | ) |  | $ | 0.21 |

|  | For the Year Ended August 31, 2023 |
|  | First |  |  | Second |  |  | Third |  |  | Fourth |  |  | Full |
|  | Quarter |  |  | Quarter |  |  | Quarter |  |  | Quarter |  |  | Year |
Sales |  | $ | 12,578 |  |  | $ | 8,143 |  |  | $ | 18,946 |  |  | $ | 14,622 |  |  | $ | 54,289 |
Gross profit |  |  | 2,860 |  |  |  | 1,921 |  |  |  | 4,413 |  |  |  | 3,053 |  |  |  | 12,247 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | (74 | ) |  |  | (972 | ) |  |  | 735 |  |  |  | 290 |  |  |  | (21 | )
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | (0.02 | ) |  | $ | (0.28 | ) |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | )
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | (0.02 | ) |  | $ | (0.28 | ) |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | )

| * | Fiscal 2024 quarterly per share earnings were calculated using weighted average number of common shares outstanding as of August 31, 2024 of 3,504,802 (2023 – 3,498,899). The sum of the quarterly earnings per share may not equal the full year earnings per share due to the use of the full year’s weighted average share figure and rounding.

14

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Fiscal 2024 was a year of transition for the Company. Although our business continued to be negatively affected by stubbornly high inflation and negative consumer sentiment, we successfully completed several important projects to optimize our operations and focus on our core products, broaden our customer base, and improve our financial position.

The overall business climate remains challenging. Inflation has pushed our costs higher, particularly in raw materials and shipping, while simultaneously squeezing consumers who have cut back on discretionary spending. These issues are particularly acute in the home improvement and pet product sectors. Wet and unseasonably cold weather across much of the US also shortened our traditional Spring and Summer selling season which reduced our expected sales in our important outdoor product lines.The Company’s revenues and cash flow continue to be seasonal and highly variable, with the 3rd and 4th quarters of the fiscal year being much busier than the 1st and 2nd quarters due to the Company’s current product offerings.

Our margins and financial results in fiscal 2024 were also hurt by the clearance of some older higher cost lumber, and a one-time inventory write-down of $110,293 for the liquidation of all of our remaining pet inventory located in Europe. We also increased our obsolete inventory reserve by $459,464. We are continuing to sell through some of the higher cost pet inventory we purchased during the prior high-cost logistics period.

Supply chain issues also worsened in the third and fourth quarters. Besides increasing our shipping costs, it also has affected our inventory availability. Multiple issues, including conflict in the Red Sea and low water levels in the Panama Canal led to ship diversions and cancelations that caused significant shipping disruptions and delays and reduced container availability. A number of our supply orders beginning during the 4th quarter of fiscal 2024 were delayed by these late and cancelled sailings from Asia. This led to some inventory shortages and unavailability of certain products which caused some missed sales and back orders awaiting container arrivals that have extended into the first quarter of fiscal 2025. In addition to the significant delays, the costs of ocean shipping have soared since Mid-May 2024. We notified our customers of the shipping delays and higher costs which we cannot fully absorb. Therefore, we temporarily increased certain of our product prices. These price increases may ultimately reduce our sales as some of our customers may be unwilling to purchase the full amount of their usual orders at these higher prices and instead may wait to see if shipping costs fall later in calendar 2024. These supply chain issues and the higher shipping costs negatively affected our sales and margins during the fourth quarter and are continuing into fiscal 2025.

In fencing, which is our largest product category, we rolled out new in-store displays for our Lifetime Steel Posts® and continue to deploy additional in-store Adjust-A-Gate® displayers. These in-aisle display units are positioned directly beside the wood racks for greater visibility of key products which increases sales of the items and improves the choices for consumers. The Lifetime Steel Posts® displayers began in just one region and expanded to 100 stores by the close of the fiscal year in August. Since then, we have ramped up our roll out and displayers are now being installed in stores in multiple regions. In October 2024, we announced the engagement of Continental Sales & Marketing, Inc. (“CSM”) to help us expand these display units to more retailers across the US. CSM will also help us manage the installed units and the expected product reorders to ensure they are well-stocked and inventory is available for consumers. We expect this program will increase our visibility and brand recognition with consumers and will be a valuable contributor to our revenue in 2025.

Although our lumber supply agreement with a major customer is performing well, supply issues are causing a significant shortage of Western Red Cedar. To ensure the supply of fence boards for this customer, we successfully shifted some of our product supply to high-quality alternatives, including Sugi Cedar, beginning in the 3rd quarter of fiscal 2024. Sugi fencing sells for a lower price than Western Red Cedar which negatively affects our margins. Because consumers are not as familiar with Sugi Cedar, we believe demand for the product was diminished in the second half of fiscal 2024 which hurt our revenue.

JCSC’s active operations ended as of December 31, 2023. The seed operations were located on 11.6 acres of land and 105,000 square feet of buildings owned by the Company which is now surplus to the Company’s needs. Therefore, the land and buildings were listed for sale or lease in July 2024 at a listing price of $9,000,000, which is a competitive price based on comparable properties in the area. This is the current asking price, and there is no guarantee the property will sell for this amount. If we are able to complete a sale, the net proceeds will be reduced by brokers’ commissions, expenses related to the sale, and taxes. The land is on a corner lot situated at a major interchange immediately adjacent to US Highway 26, which is one of the region’s busiest roadways. The land is currently zoned with a rural industrial classification, but the Company is exploring the potential to re-zone the property, or revise the existing code, to expand the list of permitted uses. A reclassification would provide interested parties with greater flexibility of development options. There is also a high level of interest from the cities immediately adjacent to the property in the potential expansion of their urban growth boundaries and those communities are investigating those potential options. Due to its strategic location, this property would potentially be included within the expanded area. Should such an expansion be approved and/or a rezoning occur, it would likely increase the land’s value and potentially maximize any return we receive for the sale of this surplus asset.

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Diversifying our suppliers has been a primary focus of management for several years. The majority of our metal products have been sourced from a single supplier manufacturing in a single factory in China. Beginning in fiscal 2022, the Company initiated an extensive world-wide evaluation process to find suppliers who could manufacture many of our metal products that met our high-quality standards with competitive pricing. After 18 months, the Company completed its search and engaged several new suppliers with factories in Canada, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Taiwan. We are now receiving products from these new suppliers in addition to our original supplier in China which we also continue to use. These new supply agreements cover the Company’s fence products, dog containment products, as well as MyEcoWorld® products. In addition to reducing the systematic risk of the reliance of a single supplier from a single factory, products from these new suppliers are not subject to the current 25% tariff rate on Chinese made steel products imported into the United States. Avoiding this high tariff on many of our products will improve our margins and help us to maintain competitive pricing.

Our balance sheet remains strong, with a current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) of 8.57 as of August 31, 2024, including cash of $4.85 million. Our inventory position was approximately $13.16 million compared to $18.34 million as of the end of fiscal 2023. Although this current level is near our desired inventory level for many of our core products, the ocean shipping issues which began during the 4th quarter have delayed the arrival of new shipments of metal products from the manufacturers. This may lead to some shortages in the short term until the worldwide shipping situation improves. Although our pet product inventory levels remain higher than usual, we remain committed to maintaining our list prices on our primary pet products. There is no urgency to move this inventory as it will not degrade or spoil over time. For our slower moving pet products, we continue to explore opportunities to accelerate sales in those items.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, we successfully settled the arbitration we filed against one of our former distributors in 2021 for breach of a distribution agreement. We received a one-time cash payment of $2,450,000 in October 2023 under the settlement agreement. This payment covered our substantial legal fees and some of our losses due to the breach. We are pleased to have settled the case and that we will no longer have to expend time and resources pursuing this case. Although the costs of such litigation may be significant, we believe it is critical to defend our valuable intellectual property and will take action against any future infringements of our patents, trademarks and contractual agreements.

We have no current borrowing against our line of credit. During the year, our prior bank line of credit expired on June 30, 2024 and a new asset-based line has been established with Northrim Funding Services (“Northrim”). Under the terms of the agreement, Northrim will provide short-term operating capital by either purchasing the Company’s accounts receivable invoices (“AR invoices”) or as a loan against our inventory position. The maximum amount of AR invoices Northrim will purchase at one time is limited to an amount equal to 80% of the net eligible accounts but is not to exceed $6,000,000. Borrowing against our inventory is computed as an amount equal to 25% of all eligible inventory but is not to exceed $4,000,000. The maximum amount we may draw against the line is $6,000,000 total. We do not anticipate a regular need to utilize this new line of credit, but may need to draw against the line to purchase inventory in advance of the spring and summer seasons. If we are able to complete the sale of the JCSC property, the proceeds will supply additional capital and provide us with greater financial flexibility.

We are continuing to sharpen our focus on our core product lines of fencing, Lucky Dog® brand pet containment products, and sustainable bags under the MyEcoWorld® brand. Our efforts are directed to growing our sales of both existing and new complementary products to our primary customers. We are also expanding our sales channels through the addition of new customers in our primary home improvement markets while increasing our marketing and sales efforts in several additional sectors in North America that we have identified as favorable fits for our core products. During fiscal 2024, we added a number of new customers in Canada and more than doubled our sales there compared to fiscal 2023.

To increase awareness of Jewett-Cameron and our brands with both our customers and consumers, we began a strategic refresh of our branding in fiscal 2024 to emphasize our combination of product quality, innovation and value. We have rebranded Jewett-Cameron as “a company committed to innovative products that enrich outdoor spaces” and unveiled our new mission statement of “Committed to improving the lives of professionals and do-it-yourselfers with innovative products that enrich outdoor spaces in their quality, performance, and ease to work with”. Subsequent to the end of the fiscal year, we engaged Lytham Partners to lead a strategic investor relations and shareholder communication program, and presented our story to investors and institutions at the Lytham Fall 2024 Investor Conference in October. We have also changed our NASDAQ trading symbol from “JCTCF” to “JCTC” which we believe will help investors to gain a better understanding of Jewett-Cameron as a US-based company.

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The challenging economic climate is expected to continue in fiscal 2025, although the recent trend towards lower interest rates and moderating inflation provide optimism going forward. We are continuing our efforts to improve our operations, manage customer relationships, and sharpen our operational strengths. We intend to increase our focus on innovation, both in-house and through outside parties. This includes ongoing discussions with industry and financial professionals regarding possible strategic alliances and other possible arrangements that could add to our product offerings and provide additional financial and operational support that would benefit all of our stakeholders. We regularly evaluate potential merger, acquisition, partnering and in-license opportunities that we expect will expand our product offerings. Supporting our growth strategy is likely to require significant capital expenditures and management resources. The development or expansion of our business, any acquired business or any acquired, or in-licensed products may require a substantial capital investment by us. We may not have these necessary funds or they might not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. There can be no assurance that any of our efforts will result in completion of a strategic transaction or that any such transaction, if consummated, will be ultimately beneficial to our operations or financial condition.

Fiscal Years Ended August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023

Fiscal 2024 sales totaled $47,145,176 compared to sales of $54,289,303 in fiscal 2023, which was a decrease of $7,144,127, or 13%. Consumers continue to moderate their discretionary spending, particularly in the home improvement and pet product sectors. Our sales comparisons were also negatively affected by the shut-down of JCSC, as seed revenue was $2,464,153 in fiscal 2023 but only $86,274 in fiscal 2024 as the remaining seed inventory was sold and limited seed storage occurred until closure as of July 2024.

Gross margin declined in fiscal 2024 to 18.8% from 22.6% in fiscal 2023. Our margin was negatively affected by a sharp rise in ocean shipping costs, the clearance of some older higher cost lumber inventory, and the liquidation of our remaining pet inventory located in Europe. We also increased our obsolete inventory reserve in fiscal 2024 by $459,464.

Operating expenses in fiscal 2024 fell to $10,654,054 from $11,816,441 in fiscal 2023. Selling, general and administrative expenses declined to $3,887,769 from $3,973,055. Wages and employee benefits fell to $6,413,419 from $7,445,464 as the Company had a lower number of employees in the current year. Depreciation and amortization totaled $352,866 compared to $397,922. Loss from operations was ($1,770,410) compared to income from operations of $430,684.

Other income of $2,450,000 in fiscal 2024 was from the successfully settled arbitration case against one of our former distributors. Other items recorded in the current fiscal year include a gain on sale of assets of $90,787, which largely is due to the sale of JCSC equipment, and net interest income of $33,446. For the year ended August 31, 2023, gain on sale of assets was $70,250, and interest expense totaled ($458,463) which was related to amounts borrowed against a bank line of credit.

Including other items, income before income taxes was $803,823 compared to income before income taxes of $42,471 in fiscal 2023. Income tax expense for fiscal 2024 was $82,070 compared to income tax expense of $63,097 in fiscal 2023. The Company calculates income tax expense based on combined federal and state rates that are currently in effect.

Net income in fiscal 2024 was $721,753, or $0.21 per share, compared to a net loss in fiscal 2023 of ($20,626), or ($0.01) per share. The weighted number of shares outstanding were 3,503,221 in fiscal 2024 and 3,498,236 in fiscal 2023.

Pet, Fencing and Sustainable Products - JCC

Sales for JCC in fiscal 2024 were $43,330,737 compared to sales of $49,219,224, which represents a decline of $5,888,487, or 12%. Demand for our pet products remains weak, which reflects the current trend in the entire pet product industry. Sales comparisons between the current year and the prior year were also affected by a large one-time order for kennels in fiscal 2023.

The following table shows a breakdown between the pet, fencing and other categories in this segment.

|  | Sales in Millions of Dollars |  |  | Percent of Total Sales |
Fiscal Year |  | Pet |  |  | Fencing |  |  | Other |  |  | Pet |  |  | Fencing |  |  | Other |
| 2024 |  | $ | 7,566,371 |  |  | $ | 34,209,073 |  |  | $ | 1,555,293 |  |  |  | 17 | % |  |  | 79 | % |  |  | 4 | %
| 2023* |  | $ | 10,902,889 |  |  | $ | 36,346,257 |  |  | $ | 1,970,078 |  |  |  | 22 | % |  |  | 74 | % |  |  | 4 | %

| * | Fiscal 2023 figures have been adjusted for comparison to reflect the reclassification of pet poop bags from the Pet category to the Other category in 2024.

For fiscal 2024, JCC had an operating loss of ($146,375) compared to an operating loss of ($622,420) for fiscal 2023.

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Industrial Wood Products - Greenwood

Sales in fiscal 2024 were $3,728,165 compared to sales of $2,605,926 in fiscal 2023, which is an increase of $1,122,239, or 43%. As more workers return to offices and increase their use of transit systems, transit operators are spending more on their equipment, which is reflected in the higher sales of our transit focused products. Management believes that Greenwood can grow by opening new sales channels and broadening its customer base, particularly in sectors outside of transit such as housing and construction.

For fiscal 2023, Greenwood had operating income of $19,563 compared to a loss of ($46,307) for fiscal 2023 which is consistent with the higher level of revenue.

Seed Processing and Sales - JCSC

During fiscal 2023, we decided to close JCSC effective August 31, 2023. Sales for JCSC in fiscal 2024 were $86,274 compared to sales of $2,464,153 in fiscal 2023. JCSC had operating income of $36,310 in fiscal 2024 compared to an operating loss of ($251,261) in fiscal 2023. The fiscal 2024 revenue was derived from the sale of the remaining seed inventory and seed storage. Net income was higher in fiscal 2024 due to the wind down of ongoing operations and the related costs before the facility was closed on December 31, 2023.

Corporate – JC USA

JC USA, the holding company that provides professional and administrative services for the wholly-owned operating subsidiaries had operating income of $894,325 in fiscal 2024 compared to operating income of $962,459 in fiscal 2023. The results of JC USA are inter-company transactions and are eliminated on consolidation.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2024

As of August 31, 2024, we had working capital of $19,982,071 compared to working capital of $19,134,810 as of August 31, 2023. The largest changes affecting working capital is an increase in cash to $4,853,367 from $83,696, a decrease in accounts receivable of $1,966,109 to $3,668,815 from $5,634,924, a decrease in inventory of $5,181,805 to $13,157,243 from $18,339,048, and an increase in prepaid expenses of $260,902 from $630,788 to $891,690. Prepaid income taxes also increased to $50,326 from $Nil. The increase in cash is related to the decline in accounts receivable and inventory. Prepaid expenses, which is mostly deposits paid for future inventory, increased slightly as we ordered additional fencing inventory for the anticipated need to replenish the in-store display units being rolled out in additional stores.

Accounts payable fell by $943,206 to $1,237,988 from $2,181,194 which is related to the timing of payments due to suppliers. Accrued liabilities declined by $711,812 to $1,401,382 from $2,113,194. Bank indebtedness, which is from our prior line of credit and has primarily been used to acquire inventory, was $1,259,259 as of August 31, 2023. We repaid our entire borrowing during the current year. There are no borrowings under our current line of credit. Deferred tax assets rose to $341,029 from $319,875.

As of August 31, 2024, accounts receivable and inventory represented 74% of current assets and 61% of total assets. As of August 31, 2023, accounts receivable and inventory represented 97% of current assets and 80% of total assets. Our customers continue to pay on-time, with almost all of our outstanding receivables classified as current.

For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024, the accounts receivable collection period or DSO was 28 days compared to 38 days for the year ended August 31, 2023. Inventory turnover for the year ended August 31, 2024 was 151 days compared to 169 days for the year ended August 31, 2023.

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Short-term and Long-term Debt

During fiscal 2024, we established a new line of credit agreement with Northrim Funding Services (“Northrim”). Under the terms of the agreement, Northrim will provide short-term operating capital by either purchasing the Company’s accounts receivable invoices (“AR invoices”) or as a loan against our inventory position. The maximum amount of AR invoices Northrim will purchase at one time is limited to an amount equal to 80% of the net eligible accounts but is not to exceed $6,000,000. Borrowing against our inventory is computed as an amount equal to 25% of all eligible inventory but is not to exceed $4,000,000. The maximum total draw the Company may borrow under the line is $6,000,000. Interest is computed at the prime rate plus 4.75% with floor of 11% and is secured by certain or our assets. The line expires on June 30, 2025. There have been no borrowings to date under this line of credit.

Prior to June 2024, we had a line of credit of $5,000,000 with U.S. Bank, which was reduced from $10,000,000 in February 2024. The line was secured by an assignment of accounts receivable and inventory. Calculation of the interest rate was based on the one-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 157 basis points, which as of August 31, 2023 was 6.88% (5.31% + 1.57%). Indebtedness under the line as of August 31, 2023 was $1,259,259. All amounts borrowed under this line of credit were repaid in full during fiscal 2024.

Current Working Capital Requirements

In October 2023, we received the cash payment under the arbitration settlement agreement from our former distributor. A portion of this payment was used to repay some of the amount borrowed under the former line of credit, with the remainder held as working capital.

Based on our current working capital position, the anticipated reduction in cash needs due to the closure of JCSC, and the unused borrowing capacity under our current line of credit, we expect to have sufficient liquidity available to meet our working capital requirements for the next twelve months.

OTHER MATTERS

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

We currently have no material contractual obligations or commercial commitments other than to suppliers of products or services in the ordinary course of business.

Inflation

Since fiscal 2021, a number of product costs have increased substantially, including raw materials, energy, and transportation/logistical related costs. These higher costs have negatively affected our gross margins. Historically, we have passed cost increases on to the customer, but the rapid rise of prices over the last several years has resulted in consumers significantly reducing discretionary spending which has made the market much more price sensitive. This has made retailers more reluctant to accept higher prices for our goods which has limited our ability to raise our selling prices quickly enough to match the rate of increase of our costs. Our ability to pass through all of the current increase in our product costs to our customers is somewhat limited and occur after such costs are first incurred. Although management is working to mitigate such cost increases through the new sourcing agreements and modifying logistic agreements, we expect that our gross margins will remain under pressure in fiscal 2025.

The increases in interest rates as a result of the higher level of inflation in the US economy experienced beginning in calendar 2021 and continuing through 2024 has also had a negative effect on our interest expense charged on any borrowing on our lines of credit. The interest rate on our current line of credit is computed using the Prime Interest Rate, which has risen from 3.25% in January 2022 to approximately 7.75% in November 2024. There are no amounts outstanding under this line of credit.

Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance (ESG)

Jewett-Cameron endeavors to be a good steward and provide sustainable products with a positive impact. We strive to operate and grow in a way that honors our environment and relationships for the long term. This also aligns with one of our three value pillars: stewardship.

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Environmental

For our products, the goal is that 90% of materials can be recycled. Our suppliers are audited to strict commercial and fair practice standards, including our own supplier qualifications regarding facilities, capacity, labor practices, and environmental awareness. Packaging is designed to maximize recyclability and re-use and minimize non-recycled materials, and all waste materials in our own facilities are segregated to maximize recycling. Our facilities have replaced high energy consumption infrastructure with energy efficient HVAC and lighting during our most recent remodel.

Active products and designs utilize either recycled or non-petroleum-based plastics to enhance recycling and composting. This includes the recently introduced compostable dog waste bag, a plant-based product, that is less reliant on fossil fuels used in traditional plastic bags. We also dedicate a percentage of sales to support environmental cleanup efforts.

Social

Our social responsibilities include cultural standards of operations and values which we establish in conjunction with our employees. We regularly provide employees with a corporate engagement survey to benchmark their engagement, satisfaction, and ideas for change. We support educational programs that build the future workforce through active participation in regional and statewide organizations, including the CTE/STEM Employer Coalition and assisting teachers to connect traditional school subjects to practical job site applications. We also actively participate in the local community, supported by a Corporate Charitable Giving Charter.

Governance

As a public company, our processes are outlined and governed by multiple regulations, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Our financial controls are mapped, executed, self-audited as well as regularly audited by outside experts as part of our annual process. We have established risk mitigations that allows for condensed reviews of risks and impacts with our systems in place. An IT Governance Committee aligns execution and security both for ourselves and also for parties with whom we communicate and do business.

Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act

The Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (“UFLPA”) is a US Federal Law which became effective on June 21, 2022. As enforced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the UFLPA prohibits any products that are made, mined, or manufactured, in part or in full, in China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region to be imported into the United States, as they are presumed to have been made with forced labor. Any imports of such goods will be detained and seized by U.S. Customs unless the importer is able to prove that these goods have not been made with forced labor. We ensure that each of our suppliers is in full compliance with the law and none of our products fall under the prohibited goods clause.

Critical Accounting Policies

Management is required to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On a regular basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We have not adopted any new accounting policies that would have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements, nor did we make changes to accounting policies. Management has discussed with the Audit Committee the development, selection and disclosure of accounting estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Management has reviewed the new accounting guidance and determined that there is not a material impact on our financial statements.

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ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

We did not have any derivative financial instruments as of August 31, 2024, and we do not use derivative instruments for trading purposes.

Changes in U.S. interest rates affect the interest earned on our cash as well as interest paid on debt. We have a line of credit with an interest rate based on published rates that may fluctuate over time based on economic changes. We are subject to interest rate risk and could be subject to increased interest payments against any amounts borrowed against the line of credit if market interest rates fluctuate.

Foreign Currency Risk

We operate primarily in the United States. However, a relatively small amount of business is conducted in currencies other than U.S. dollars. Also, to the extent that we use contract manufacturers located outside the United States, including China, Canada, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Taiwan, currency exchange rates can influence our purchasing costs.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

The financial statements and notes thereto are attached hereto. The audit report of Davidson & Company, LLP Chartered Accountants is included herein immediately preceding the audited consolidated financial statements.

Audited Consolidated Financial Statements: fiscal 2024 and 2023

Report of Independent Registered Accounting Firm dated November 20, 2024 (Davidson & Company LLP, Vancouver, Canada, PCAOB ID# 731)

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Balance Sheets at August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023

Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the years ended August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

For the years ended August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the years ended August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Schedule II: Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

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JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

AUGUST 31, 2024

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Directors of

Jewett-Cameron Trading Company Ltd.

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Jewett-Cameron Trading Company Ltd. (the “Company”), as of August 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years ended August 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of August 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended August 31, 2024 and 2023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatements of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

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Completeness and accuracy of revenue

As described in Note 11 to the financial statements, the Company recognized revenue of $47,145,176 for the year ended August 31, 2024. As more fully described in Note 2 to the financial statements the Company recognized revenue from the sale of industrial wood products, fencing, pet products and other specialty products and seed processing, handling and storage services. Product revenue is recognized on shipment or receipt of the product depending on the agreed customer terms. Service revenue is recognized when services have been performed, products sold and collection of the amounts is reasonably assured.

The principal considerations for our determination that the recognition of revenues is a critical audit matter are the volume of low value transactions and the significant value of total revenue recognized. This in turn lead to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures to evaluate audit evidence for revenues recognized.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. Our audit procedures included, among others:

| · | Evaluating the appropriateness of management’s assessment of revenue recognition criteria based on the Company’s operations.

| · | Performing substantive testing procedures over a sample of revenue entries to invoices, shipping documents, and cash receipts to ensure completeness, occurrence, accuracy and appropriate cut-off of revenue recognized.

| · | Assessing that the Company’s revenue recognition accounting policy is in accordance with US GAAP.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1999.

/s/ DAVIDSON & COMPANY LLP

Vancouver, Canada Chartered Professional Accountants

November 20, 2024

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JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

AS OF AUGUST 31

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 4,853,367 |  |  | $ | 83,696 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $0 (August 31, 2023 - $0) |  |  | 3,668,815 |  |  |  | 5,634,924 |
Inventory, net of allowance of $550,000 (August 31, 2023 - $497,884) (note 3) |  |  | 13,157,243 |  |  |  | 18,339,048 |
Asset held for sale (note 4) |  |  | 566,022 |  |  |  | — |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 891,690 |  |  |  | 630,788 |
Prepaid income taxes |  |  | 50,326 |  |  |  | — |
Total current assets |  |  | 23,187,463 |  |  |  | 24,688,456 |
Property, plant and equipment, net (note 4) |  |  | 3,849,800 |  |  |  | 4,655,427 |
Intangible assets, net (note 5) |  |  | 112,222 |  |  |  | 134,845 |
Deferred tax assets (Note 6) |  |  | 341,029 |  |  |  | 319,875 |
Total assets |  | $ | 27,490,514 |  |  | $ | 29,798,603 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 1,237,988 |  |  | $ | 2,181,194 |
Bank indebtedness (note 7) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,259,259 |
Income taxes payable (note 6) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 147,629 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 1,401,382 |  |  |  | 2,113,194 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 2,639,370 |  |  |  | 5,701,276 |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital stock (notes 8, 9) Authorized 21,567,564 common shares, no par value 10,000,000 preferred shares, no par value Issued 3,504,802 common shares (August 31, 2023 – 3,498,899) |  |  | 826,861 |  |  |  | 825,468 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 795,726 |  |  |  | 765,055 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 23,228,557 |  |  |  | 22,506,804 |
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 24,851,144 |  |  |  | 24,097,327 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 27,490,514 |  |  | $ | 29,798,603 |

Contingencies (Note 14)

Subsequent event (Note 15)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

25

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

YEARS ENDED AUGUST 31

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
SALES |  | $ | 47,145,176 |  |  | $ | 54,289,303 |
COST OF SALES |  |  | 38,261,532 |  |  |  | 42,042,178 |
GROSS PROFIT |  |  | 8,883,644 |  |  |  | 12,247,125 |
OPERATING EXPENSES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 3,887,769 |  |  |  | 3,973,055 |
Depreciation and amortization (notes 4, 5) |  |  | 352,866 |  |  |  | 397,922 |
Wages and employee benefits |  |  | 6,413,419 |  |  |  | 7,445,464 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 10,654,054 |  |  |  | 11,816,441 |
(Loss) income from operations |  |  | (1,770,410 | ) |  |  | 430,684 |
OTHER ITEMS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other income (note 14) |  |  | 2,450,000 |  |  |  | — |
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment |  |  | 90,787 |  |  |  | 70,250 |
Interest income (expense) |  |  | 33,446 |  |  |  | (458,463 | )
Total other items |  |  | 2,574,233 |  |  |  | (388,213 | )
Income before income taxes |  |  | 803,823 |  |  |  | 42,471 |
Income taxes (note 6) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | (103,224 | ) |  |  | (357,974 | )
Deferred recovery |  |  | 21,154 |  |  |  | 294,877 |
Net income (loss) for the year |  | $ | 721,753 |  |  | $ | (20,626 | )
Basic earnings (loss) per common share |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | )
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | )
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 3,503,221 |  |  |  | 3,498,236 |
Diluted |  |  | 3,503,221 |  |  |  | 3,498,236 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

26

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

YEARS ENDED AUGUST 31

|  |  | Capital Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Number of Shares |  |  |  | Amount |  |  |  | Additional paid-in capital |  |  |  | Retained earnings |  |  |  | Total |
August 31, 2022 |  |  | 3,495,342 |  |  | $ | 824,629 |  |  | $ | 742,591 |  |  | $ | 22,527,430 |  |  | $ | 24,094,650 |
Shares issued pursuant to compensation plans (note 9) |  |  | 3,557 |  |  |  | 839 |  |  |  | 22,464 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 23,303 |
Net Loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (20,626 | ) |  |  | (20,626 | )
August 31, 2023 |  |  | 3,498,899 |  |  | $ | 825,468 |  |  | $ | 765,055 |  |  | $ | 22,506,804 |  |  | $ | 24,097,327 |
Shares issued pursuant to compensation plans (note 9) |  |  | 5,903 |  |  |  | 1,393 |  |  |  | 30,671 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32,064 |
Net Income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 721,753 |  |  |  | 721,753 |
August 31, 2024 |  |  | 3,504,802 |  |  | $ | 826,861 |  |  | $ | 795,726 |  |  | $ | 23,228,557 |  |  | $ | 24,851,144 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

27

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

YEARS ENDED AUGUST 31

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) for the year |  | $ | 721,753 |  |  | $ | (20,626 | )
Items not affecting cash: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 352,866 |  |  |  | 397,922 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 32,064 |  |  |  | 23,303 |
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment |  |  | (90,787 | ) |  |  | (70,250 | )
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (21,154 | ) |  |  | (294,877 | )
Changes in non-cash working capital items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in accounts receivable |  |  | 1,966,109 |  |  |  | 1,556,722 |
Decrease in inventory |  |  | 5,181,805 |  |  |  | 2,293,265 |
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses |  |  | (260,902 | ) |  |  | 481,787 |
(Increase) decrease in prepaid income taxes |  |  | (50,326 | ) |  |  | 208,963 |
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  |  | (1,655,018 | ) |  |  | 872,302 |
(Decrease) increase in income taxes payable |  |  | (147,629 | ) |  |  | 147,629 |
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities |  |  | 6,028,781 |  |  |  | 5,596,140 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase in intangible assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | (102,500 | )
Proceeds on sale of property, plant and equipment |  |  | 110,689 |  |  |  | 70,250 |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment |  |  | (110,540 | ) |  |  | (223,916 | )
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  | 149 |  |  |  | (256,166 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repayment of bank indebtedness |  |  | (1,259,259 | ) |  |  | (5,740,741 | )
Net cash and cash equivalents used in financing activities |  |  | (1,259,259 | ) |  |  | (5,740,741 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 4,769,671 |  |  |  | (400,767 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year |  |  | 83,696 |  |  |  | 484,463 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year |  | $ | 4,853,367 |  |  | $ | 83,696 |

Supplemental disclosure with respect to cash flows (note 13)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

28

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

1. |  | NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Jewett-Cameron Trading Company Ltd. was incorporated in British Columbia on July 8, 1987 as a holding company for Jewett-Cameron Lumber Corporation (“JCLC”), incorporated September 1953. Jewett-Cameron Trading Company, Ltd. acquired all the shares of JCLC through a stock-for-stock exchange on July 13, 1987, and at that time JCLC became a wholly owned subsidiary. Effective September 1, 2013, the Company reorganized certain of its subsidiaries. JCLC’s name was changed to JC USA Inc. (“JC USA”), and a new subsidiary, Jewett-Cameron Company (“JCC”), was incorporated.

JC USA has the following wholly owned subsidiaries incorporated under the laws of the State of Oregon: Jewett-Cameron Seed Company, (“JCSC”), incorporated October 2000, Greenwood Products, Inc. (“Greenwood”), incorporated February 2002, and JCC, incorporated September 2013. Jewett-Cameron Trading Company Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) have no significant assets in Canada.

The Company, through its subsidiaries, operates out of facilities located in North Plains, Oregon. JCC’s business consists of the manufacturing and distribution of pet, fencing and other products, wholesale distribution to home centers, other retailers, on-line as well as direct to end consumers located primarily in the United States. Greenwood is a processor and distributor of industrial wood and other specialty building products principally to customers in the marine and transportation industries in the United States. JCSC was a processor and distributor of agricultural seeds in the United States. JC USA provides professional and administrative services, including accounting and credit services, to its subsidiary companies.

Effective August 31, 2023, the Company ended seed cleaning operations at its JCSC. During the year ended August 31, 2024, JCSC ended its active operations and sold most of its remaining equipment to wind up the business.

The Company’s operations and general workforce can be negatively affected by a number of external factors. Examples include, but are not limited to, a global pandemic and political conflict in other regions that may affect economies and financial markets globally. It is not possible for the Company to predict the duration or magnitude of adverse results of such external factors and their effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, or ability to raise funds.

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles of the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain comparatives have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation.

Basis of consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its current wholly owned subsidiaries, JC USA, JCC, JCSC, and Greenwood, all of which are incorporated under the laws of Oregon, U.S.A.

All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates incorporated into the Company’s consolidated financial statements include the estimated useful lives for depreciable and amortizable assets, the estimated allowances for doubtful accounts receivable and inventory obsolescence, possible product liability and possible product returns, and litigation contingencies and claims. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

29

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont’d…)

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of issuance to be cash equivalents. At August 31, 2024, cash and cash equivalents was $4,853,367 compared to $83,696 at August 31, 2023.

Accounts receivable

Trade and other accounts receivable are reported at face value less any provisions for uncollectible accounts considered necessary. Accounts receivable primarily includes trade receivables from customers. The Company estimates doubtful accounts on an item-by-item basis and includes over aged accounts as part of allowance for doubtful accounts, which are generally ones that are ninety days or greater overdue.

The Company extends credit to domestic customers and offers discounts for early payment. When extension of credit is not advisable, the Company relies on either prepayment or a letter of credit.

Inventory

Inventory, which consists primarily of finished goods, is recorded at the lower of cost, based on the average cost method, and market. Market is defined as net realizable value. An allowance for potential non-saleable inventory due to excess stock or obsolescence is based upon a review of inventory components.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. The Company provides for depreciation over the estimated life of each asset on a straight-line basis over the following periods:

Schedule of estimated life of assets |  |  |
Office equipment |  | 3-7 years |
Warehouse equipment |  | 2-10 years |
Buildings |  | 5-30 years |

Intangibles

The Company’s intangible assets have a finite life and are recorded at cost. Amortization is calculated using the straight-line method over the remaining life of the asset. The intangible assets are reviewed annually for impairment.

Asset retirement obligations

The Company records the fair value of an asset retirement obligation as a liability in the period in which it incurs a legal obligation associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets that result from the acquisition, construction, development, and normal use of the long-lived assets. The Company also records a corresponding asset which is amortized over the life of the asset. Subsequent to the initial measurement of the asset retirement obligation, the obligation is adjusted at the end of each period to reflect the passage of time (accretion expense) and changes in the estimated future cash flows underlying the obligation (asset retirement cost). The Company does not have any significant asset retirement obligations.

Impairment of long-lived assets and long-lived assets to be disposed of

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell.

30

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont’d…)

Currency and foreign exchange

These financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars which is also the functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries as the Company's operations are primarily based in the United States.

The Company does not have non-monetary or monetary assets and liabilities that are in a currency other than the U.S. dollar. Any statement of operations transactions in a foreign currency are translated at rates that approximate those in effect at the time of translation. Gains and losses from translation of foreign currency transactions into U.S. dollars are included in current results of operations.

Earnings (loss) per share

Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding in the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per common share takes into consideration common shares outstanding (computed under basic earnings per share) and potentially dilutive common shares.

The earnings (loss) per share data for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

Schedule of earnings (loss) per share |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 721,753 |  |  | $ | (20,626 | )
Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding |  |  | 3,503,221 |  |  |  | 3,498,236 |
Effect of dilutive securities Stock options |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding |  |  | 3,503,221 |  |  |  | 3,498,236 |
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | )

Comprehensive income (loss)

The Company has no items of other comprehensive income or loss in any year presented. Therefore, net income or loss presented in the consolidated statements of operations equals comprehensive income or loss.

Stock-based compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”). Equity awards are accounted for at their “fair value” which is measured on the grant date for stock-settled awards. For “full-value” awards, fair value is equal to the underlying value of the stock that have time vesting conditions.

31

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont’d…)

Stock-based compensation (cont’d…)

Stock-based compensation to employees are recognized as compensation expense in the financial statements based on their fair values. That expense is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award. Stock-based compensation expense recognized during the period is based on the value of the portion of share-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest during the period, or in the period of grant for awards that vest immediately without any future service condition. For awards that vest over time, previously recognized compensation cost is reversed if the service or performance conditions are not satisfied and the award is forfeited. The Company also grants employees and non-employees restricted stock awards (“RSAs”). The fair value of the RSAs is determined using the fair value of the common shares on the date of the grant. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

The Company has not adopted a stock option plan and has not granted any stock options.

Financial instruments

The Company uses the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate such values.

Cash and cash equivalents - the carrying amount approximates fair value because the amounts consist of cash held at a bank and cash held in short term investment accounts.

Accounts receivable - the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short-term nature and historical collectability.

Bank indebtedness - the carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the obligations.

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities - the carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the obligations.

The estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments as of August 31, 2024 and 2023 follows:

Schedule of estimated fair values |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | Carrying |  |  | Fair |  |  | Carrying |  |  | Fair |
|  | Amount |  |  | Value |  |  | Amount |  |  | Value |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 4,853,367 |  |  | $ | 4,853,367 |  |  | $ | 83,696 |  |  | $ | 83,696 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance |  |  | 3,668,815 |  |  |  | 3,668,815 |  |  |  | 5,634,924 |  |  |  | 5,634,924 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  |  | 2,639,370 |  |  |  | 2,639,370 |  |  |  | 4,294,388 |  |  |  | 4,294,388 |
Bank Indebtedness |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,259,259 |  |  |  | 1,259,259 |

The following table presents information about the assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of August 31, 2024 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques the Company utilized to determine such fair value. In general, fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize data points that are observable such as quoted prices, interest rates and yield curves. Fair values determined by Level 3 inputs are unobservable data points for the asset or liability, and included situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset:

Schedule of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | August 31, 2024 |  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 4,853,367 |  |  | $ | 4,853,367 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

The fair values of cash and cash equivalents are measured at amortized cost.

32

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont’d…)

Income taxes

A deferred tax asset or liability is recorded for all temporary differences between financial and tax reporting and net operating loss carry forwards. Deferred tax expense (benefit) results from the net change during the year of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

Shipping and handling costs

The Company incurs certain expenses related to preparing, packaging and shipping its products to its customers, mainly third-party transportation fees. All costs related to these activities are included as a component of cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations. All costs billed to the customer are included as sales in the consolidated statements of operations.

Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from the sales of lumber, building supply products, industrial wood products, specialty metal products, and other specialty products and tools, when the products are shipped, title passes, and the ultimate collection is reasonably assured. Revenue from the Company's seed operations was generated from seed processing, handling and storage services provided to seed growers, and by the sales of seed products. Revenue from the provision of these services and products is recognized when the services have been performed, products sold and collection of the amounts is reasonably assured.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has evaluated all recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements and determined that it does not believe that any, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

3. INVENTORY

A summary of inventory as of August 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

Schedule of inventory |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Pet, fencing and other products |  | $ | 12,407,495 |  |  | $ | 17,741,254 |
Industrial wood products |  |  | 749,748 |  |  |  | 584,989 |
Agricultural seed products |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,805 |
Inventory net |  | $ | 13,157,243 |  |  | $ | 18,339,048 |

33

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

4. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

A summary of property, plant, and equipment as of August 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

Schedule of property, plant, and equipment |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Office equipment |  | $ | 668,260 |  |  | $ | 668,260 |
Warehouse equipment |  |  | 1,285,278 |  |  |  | 1,556,424 |
Buildings |  |  | 5,211,588 |  |  |  | 6,209,162 |
Land |  |  | 158,500 |  |  |  | 559,065 |
|  |  | 7,323,626 |  |  |  | 8,992,911 |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (3,473,826 | ) |  |  | (4,337,484 | )
Net book value |  | $ | 3,849,800 |  |  | $ | 4,655,427 |

In the event that facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable and an estimate of future discounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss will be recognized. Management's estimates of revenues, operating expenses, and operating capital are subject to certain risks and uncertainties which may affect the recoverability of the Company's investments in its assets. Although management has made its best estimate of these factors based on current conditions, it is possible that changes could occur which could adversely affect management's estimate of the net cash flow expected to be generated from its operations.

In connection with the wind-up of the Company’s JCSC operations, in July 2024 the Company listed for sale its 11.6 acre property that formerly housed operations. The carrying value of this property of $566,022 is recorded as an asset held for sale as of August 31, 2024 ($nil 0 – August 31, 2023).

5. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

A summary of intangible assets as of August 31, 2024 and 2023 follows:

Schedule of intangible assets |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Intangible assets |  |  | 131,405 |  |  |  | 153,195 |
Accumulated amortization |  |  | (19,183 | ) |  |  | (18,350 | )
Net book value |  | $ | 112,222 |  |  | $ | 134,845 |

34

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

6. INCOME TAXES

A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes with amounts determined by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to income before income taxes is as follows:

Schedule of provision for income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Computed tax at the federal statutory rate |  | $ | 92,555 |  |  | $ | 294,398 |
State taxes, net of federal benefit |  |  | 10,000 |  |  |  | 62,193 |
Other |  |  | 669 |  |  |  | 1,383 |
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 103,224 |  |  | $ | 357,974 |
Current income taxes |  | $ | 103,224 |  |  | $ | 357,974 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (21,154 | ) |  |  | (294,877 | )
Income tax expense benefit net |  | $ | 82,070 |  |  | $ | 63,097 |

Deferred income tax asset as of August 31, 2024 of $341,029 (August 31, 2023 – $319,875) reflects the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.

Schedule of deferred income tax asset and liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for inventory |  | $ | 443,913 |  |  | $ | 496,067 |
Allowance for bad debts |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Difference between book and tax depreciation |  |  | (13,587 | ) |  |  | (86,895 | )
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | 430,326 |  |  |  | 409,172 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net deferred tax assets |  |  | 430,326 |  |  |  | 409,172 |
Net deferred tax liability |  |  | (89,297 | ) |  |  | (89,297 | )
Combined net deferred tax asset (liability) |  | $ | 341,029 |  |  | $ | 319,875 |

35

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

7. BANK INDEBTEDNESS

The Company has a line of credit agreement in the form of a Contract of Sale & Assignment Agreement with Northrim Funding Services (“Northrim”). Under the terms of the agreement, Northrim will provide short-term operating capital by either purchasing the Company’s accounts receivable invoices (“AR invoices”) or as a loan against the Company’s inventory position. The maximum amount of AR invoices Northrim will purchase at one time is limited to an amount equal to 80% of the net eligible accounts but is not to exceed $6,000,000. Borrowing against the Company’s inventory is computed as an amount equal to 25% of all eligible inventory but is not to exceed $4,000,000. The maximum total draw the Company may borrow under the line is $6,000,000. Interest is computed at the prime rate plus 4.75% with floor of 11% and is secured by certain assets of the Company. The line expires on June 30, 2025. As of August 31, 2024, the Company’s indebtedness under the line of credit was $Nil 0 .

Prior to June 2024, the Company formerly had a different Bank Line of Credit of $5,000,000, which was reduced from $10,000,000 in March 2024. The line was secured by an assignment of accounts receivable and inventory. Calculation of the interest rate was based on the one-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) of the one-month SOFR plus 157 basis points, which as of August 31, 2023 was 6.88% (5.31% + 1.57%). Indebtedness under the line as of August 31, 2023 was $1,259,259. All amounts borrowed under this former line were repaid in full during fiscal 2024.

8. CAPITAL STOCK

Common stock

Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held. There are no restrictions that limit the Company's ability to pay dividends on its common stock. The Company has not declared any dividends since incorporation.

9. RESTRICTED SHARE PLAN

The Company has a Restricted Share Plan (the “Plan”) as approved by shareholders on February 8, 2019. The Plan allows the Company to grant, from time to time, restricted shares as compensation to directors, officers, employees and consultants of the Company. The Restricted Shares are subject to restrictions, including the period under which the shares will be restricted (the “Restricted Period”) and subject to forfeiture which is determined by the Board at the time of the grant. The recipient of Restricted Shares is entitled to all of the rights of a shareholder, including the right to vote such shares and the right to receive any dividends, except that the shares granted under the Plan are nontransferable during the Restricted Period.

The maximum number of Common Shares reserved for issuance under the Plan will not exceed 1% of the then issued and outstanding number of Common Shares at the time of the grant. As of August 31, 2024 the maximum number of shares available to be issued under the Plan was 11,407.

The Board of Directors has set the compensation for non-executive Directors under the Plan at 25 common shares for each quarter of service. The cumulative amount of shares earned each fiscal year to be granted shortly after the close of that fiscal year. Non-executive Directors also received a one-time initial grant of 225 common shares which were issued in December 2020.

During the year ended August 31, 2023, 3,557 common shares were issued under the Plan at an average price of $6.55 per share. 500 shares were granted to Directors without a Restricted Period under the Company’s S-8 Registration Statement. 3,057 common shares were granted to Officers and Employees and have a three-year Restricted Period.

During the year ended August 31, 2024, 5,903 common shares were issued under the Plan at an average price of $5.43 per share. 575 were granted to Officers and Directors without a Restricted Period under the Company’s S-8 Registration Statement. 5,328 common shares were granted to Officers and Employees and have a three-year Restricted Period.

36

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

10. PENSION AND PROFIT-SHARING PLANS

The Company has a deferred compensation 401(k) plan for all employees with at least 6 months of service pending a monthly enrollment time. The plan allows for a non-elective discretionary contribution plus matching employee contributions up to a specific limit. The percentages of contribution remain the discretion of the Board and are reviewed with management annually. For the years ended August 31, 2024 and 2023 the 401(k) compensation expense was $117,319 and $344,336, respectively.

11. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company has three principal reportable segments. These reportable segments were determined based on the nature of the products offered. Reportable segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The Company evaluates performance based on several factors, of which the primary financial measure is business segment income before taxes. The following tables show the operations of the Company's reportable segments.

Following is a summary of segmented information for the years ended August 31:

Schedule of segmented information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Sales to unaffiliated customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Industrial wood products |  | $ | 3,728,165 |  |  | $ | 2,605,926 |
Pet, Fencing and Other |  |  | 43,330,737 |  |  |  | 49,219,224 |
Seed processing and sales |  |  | 86,274 |  |  |  | 2,464,153 |
|  | $ | 47,145,176 |  |  | $ | 54,289,303 |
Income (loss) before income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Industrial wood products |  | $ | 19,563 |  |  | $ | (46,307 | )
Pet, Fencing and Other |  |  | (146,375 | ) |  |  | (622,420 | )
Seed processing and sales |  |  | 36,310 |  |  |  | (251,261 | )
Corporate and administrative |  |  | 894,325 |  |  |  | 962,459 |
|  | $ | 803,823 |  |  | $ | 42,471 |
Identifiable assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Industrial wood products |  | $ | 1,069,821 |  |  | $ | 814,059 |
Pet, Fencing and Other |  |  | 16,286,616 |  |  |  | 23,520,055 |
Seed processing and sales |  |  | 4,633 |  |  |  | 146,466 |
Corporate and administrative |  |  | 10,129,444 |  |  |  | 5,318,023 |
|  | $ | 27,490,514 |  |  | $ | 29,798,603 |
Depreciation and amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Industrial wood products |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Pet, Fencing and Other |  |  | 73,610 |  |  |  | 66,243 |
Seed processing and sales |  |  | 1,949 |  |  |  | 6,120 |
Corporate and administrative |  |  | 277,307 |  |  |  | 325,559 |
|  | $ | 352,866 |  |  | $ | 397,922 |

37

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

| 11. | SEGMENT INFORMATION (cont’d…)

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Capital expenditures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Industrial wood products |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Pet, Fencing and Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Seed processing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Corporate and administrative |  |  | 110,540 |  |  |  | 223,916 |
|  | $ | 110,540 |  |  | $ | 223,916 |

The following table lists sales made by the Company to customers which were in excess of 10% of total sales for the years ended August 31:

Schedule of sales |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 2023 |
| Sales |  | $ | 31,447,052 |  |  | $ | 34,393,590 |

The Company conducts business primarily in the United States, but also has limited amounts of sales in foreign countries. The following table lists sales by country for the fiscal years ended August 31:

Schedule of sales by country |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
United States |  | $ | 45,206,250 |  |  | $ | 52,732,300 |
Canada |  |  | 1,734,200 |  |  |  | 838,824 |
Mexico/Latin America/Caribbean |  |  | 173,317 |  |  |  | 472,931 |
Europe |  |  | 14,000 |  |  |  | 150,083 |
Asia/Pacific |  |  | 17,409 |  |  |  | 95,165 |
|  | $ | 47,145,176 |  |  | $ | 54,289,303 |

All of the Company’s significant identifiable assets were located in the United States as of August 31, 2024 and 2023.

12. CONCENTRATIONS

Credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash with a high quality financial institution. The Company has concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable as large amounts of its accounts receivable are concentrated geographically in the United States amongst a small number of customers.

At August 31, 2024, three customers accounted for accounts receivable greater than 10% of total accounts receivable for a total of 79%. At August 31, 2023, two customers accounted for accounts receivable greater than 10% of accounts receivable for a total of 75%. The Company controls credit risk through credit approvals, credit limits, credit insurance and monitoring procedures. The Company performs credit evaluations of its commercial customers but generally does not require collateral to support accounts receivable.

Volume of business

The Company has concentrations in the volume of purchases it conducts with its suppliers. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024, there were three suppliers which each accounted for greater than 10% of total purchases, and the aggregate purchases amounted to $17,930,397. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2023, there were three suppliers which each accounted for greater than 10% of total purchases, and the aggregate purchases amounted to $23,397,156.

38

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

13. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE WITH RESPECT TO CASH FLOWS

Certain cash payments for the years ended August 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:

Schedule of cash payments |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Cash paid during the year for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 33,956 |  |  | $ | 459,617 |
Income taxes |  | $ | 321,821 |  |  | $ | — |

There were no non-cash investing or financing activities during the years presented.

14. CONTINGENCIES

In fiscal 2021, the Company initiated arbitration against a former distributor asserting a breach of the distribution agreement and seeking damages. The liability arbitration hearing was held in December 2022. In February 2023, the arbitrator issued its decision and ruled in favor of the Company on the majority of its claims. In September 2023, the Company settled the arbitration for a cash payment of $2,450,000 which was received by the Company in October 2023.

15. SUBSEQUENT EVENT

| a) | The Company changed its NASDAQ trading symbol from JCTCF to JCTC effective October 9, 2024

39

JEWETT-CAMERON TRADING COMPANY LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE

SCHEDULE II – VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

AUGUST 31, 2024

|  | Balance at Beginning of Year |  |  | Additions Charged to Costs and Expenses |  |  | Deductions Credited to Costs and Expenses |  |  | Deductions From Reserves |  |  | Balance at End of Year |
August 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance deducted from related Balance sheet account: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventory |  | $ | 497,884 |  |  | $ | 459,464 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 407,348 |  |  | $ | 550,000 |
Accounts Receivable |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
August 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance deducted from related Balance sheet account: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 497,884 |
Inventory |  | $ | 800,000 |  |  | $ | 48,177 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 350,293 |  |  |  |  |
Accounts Receivable |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

40

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

--- No Disclosure Necessary ---

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported in a timely manner, and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management including our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f). Under supervision and with the participation of our management including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of August 31, 2024.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.

Changes in Internal Controls

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal year that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

During the quarter ended August 31, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of securities of the Company intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) and/or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

--- No Disclosure Necessary ---

41

PART III

ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Table No. 4 lists as of November 19, 2024 the names, ages and terms of service of each of our Directors. The Directors will serve until the next Annual Shareholders’ Meeting or until a successor is duly elected, unless the office is vacated in accordance with our Articles/By-Laws. All of the Directors are citizens of the United States.

Table No. 4 Directors
Name |  | Age |  | Date First Elected Or Appointed
Geoff Guilfoy (1) (2) |  | 74 |  | August 2019
Charles Hopewell |  | 68 |  | February 2017
Sarah Johnson (2) (3) |  | 45 |  | July 2017
Chris Karlin (1) (2) |  | 63 |  | December 2018
Chad Summers |  | 50 |  | November 2022
Michelle Walker (3) |  | 50 |  | July 2021
Mike Henningsen (3) |  | 61 |  | December 2022
Subriana Pierce (3) |  | 58 |  | December 2023
Ian Wendler (1) |  | 49 |  | December 2023

| (1) | Member of Audit Committee.

| (2) | Member of Compensation Committee.

| (3) | Member of Governance Committee.

Current Board Committee Chairs are Geoff Guilfoy (Audit), Chris Karlin (Compensation) and Michelle Walker (Governance).

Table No. 5 lists, as of November 19, 2024, the names of our executive officers. The executive officers serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. All executive officers are residents and citizens of the United States and spend 100% of their time on the affairs of the Company.

Table No. 5 Executive Officers
|  |  |  |  | Date of
Name | Position |  | Age |  | Board Approval
Chad Summers | Chief Executive Officer |  | 50 |  | January 2022
Mitch Van Domelen | Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary |  | 43 |  | January 2022

Family Relationships/Other Relationships/Arrangements

There are no arrangements or understandings between any two or more directors or executive officers, pursuant to which he/she was selected as a director or executive officer. There are no family relationships, material arrangements or understandings between any two or more directors or executive officers.

Written Management Agreements

--- No Disclosure Necessary ---

42

Business Experience

Chad Summers originally joined the Company in October 2019. He was appointed President in May 2021, CEO in January 2022, and was named a Director in November 2022. His prior experience includes participation in start-up ventures in both product and service industries and has a strong background in leadership, consulting, and support. He co-owned and led an international lumber brokering business similar to Jewett-Cameron’s Greenwood division. This experience provided him the opportunity to oversee and actively manage suppliers in China and throughout SE Asia. He also built a successful consulting practice dedicated to growing manufacturers in association with a west coast regional accounting firm which allowed him the opportunity to establish a deep network of manufacturers, professional services and support connections regionally. He received his bachelor’s degree in Business Administration through the University of Puget Sound’s specialized Business Leadership Program with an emphasis on International Business.

Mitch Van Domelen is a Certified Public Accountant who joined Jewett-Cameron in July 2017 as Controller. He was appointed Chief Financial Officer in January 2022, and was appointed Corporate Secretary in December 2022. Mr. Van Domelen has extensive experience in finance and financial reporting for both public and private companies. Prior to joining Jewett-Cameron, he served as Controller for a national beverage brand where he managed the financial processes and full-cycle accounting for the company and its nine brewpub locations. From 2007 to 2012 he worked in public accounting at a large regional public accounting firm in Lake Oswego, Oregon, auditing both public and private companies. From 2005 to 2007, he served as a Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) compliance consultant for SEC registrants in the Portland metro area, testing their compliance in both US and International regions. He holds a bachelor's degree in Business Administration from Southern Oregon University. He is a licensed CPA in the State of Oregon and is a member of the Oregon Society of CPA's.

Charles E. Hopewell has over 35 years of experience in senior management positions with manufacturing companies. He joined the Company as Chief Operating Officer in November 2016, and was appointed as President, Chief Executive Officer and as a Director in February 2017. He served as Present until May 2021 and CEO until January 2022 when he transitioned to Chairman of the Board of Directors. Prior to his employment with Jewett-Cameron, he served as CEO of several manufacturing companies, including Sunset Manufacturing Inc, Neilsen Manufacturing Inc, and COO of Aluminite Corporation. As a COO and CEO, he has been involved in all organizational aspects, including sales and marketing, plant and equipment, personnel, and finance. He received a degree in Finance from the University of Oregon and an MBA from Willamette University’s Atkinson Graduate School of Management. Mr. Hopewell has also worked extensively in local and statewide workforce policy and K-12 CTE education at a Board level.

Geoff Guilfoy is a management consultant with over 41 years of experience, including over 21 years in management consulting, 17 years in State Government management, and an additional 4 years in the private and non-profit sectors. Prior to founding Lumen Leaders LLC in 2013, he was the partner in charge of the management consulting group at AKT LLP, a regional CPA and business consulting firm. For 28 years, he was an Executive Professor at Willamette University’s Atkinson Graduate School of Management teaching courses on management consulting, nonprofit management, and government. He currently serves on the Board of Directors of Medical Teams International. He is also a former National Board Member of the Institute of Management Consultants USA and a former Board Member of CoServe International. He has a Bachelor of Science, Management (Accounting) from San Jose State University and an MBA from Willamette University.

Mike Henningsen has extensive experience in operations and logistics. From 1999 to 2018, Mr. Henningsen was Chairman & President of Henningsen Cold Storage, a fourth-generation family business founded in 1923 headquartered in Hillsboro Oregon with logistics facilities in six states. During this period, he also held a number of positions with the International Association of Refrigerated Warehouses (IARW), including Chairman in 2008-2009. Prior to joining the family business, he served as a business banker with Wells Fargo. Mr. Henningsen received both his Bachelors of Science in Business Management and his MBA from the University of Oregon. He currently serves on the Boards of Parr Lumber Company, Willamette Windows, and the Southwest Washington Chapter of the American Red Cross. He also serves as an advisor to the Professional Benefit Services Board in Salem, Oregon, and on the Board of Trustees of Pacific University in Forest Grove, Oregon and the Columbia River Maritime Museum in Astoria, Oregon.

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Sarah Johnson has significant experience in global supply chain operations, management and best practices, including the planning and implementation of improvements to both the manufacturing and supply processes. She currently serves as a manager at Columbia Sportswear where she leads the planning functions for their emerging brands within Columbia's portfolio. Previously, she served as the Global Buying Manager and as a Business Process Analyst and Senior Global Buyer at Columbia, which included working with international vendors, principally in Asia and Canada. She also supports various local and international organizations and current and future women leaders. Ms. Johnson is a graduate of Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington.

Chris Karlin began his banking career in 1980 culminating as the Senior Vice President and Manager of U.S. Bank’s National Government Banking Division from 2005 to 2014 and was responsible for the strategic vision of the group. He joined U.S. Bank in 1993 as a Relationship Manager in the National Corporate Division. He has also served as a Regional Manager for the Treasury Management Division in Minneapolis and had been with Government Banking since 2001, managing many parts of the Division. Prior to joining U.S. Bank, Chris was with Mitsubishi Bank, serving as Group Manager in its Chicago and Columbus offices, focusing on public finance and large corporate markets. Chris is a past Chair of the Oregon Bankers Association, serves as the Adviser for its Leadership Program and serves on the Board of the OBA's Education Foundation. Chris has degrees in Economics and Finance from Fort Hays State University (Kansas) and a Master of International Management from the Thunderbird School of International Management (Arizona).

Michelle Walker is a business strategist in Portland with experience in brand development, organizational alignment, and building consumer brands, including both B2B and B2C businesses. Previously, she was CEO of Sock It to Me, Inc., a sock and underwear brand. She also held several senior positions with PepsiCo, including Senior Director and GM of the Lays and Ruffles brands where her responsibility included business strategy, brand positioning, product development, and sales strategy. Prior to joining PepsiCo, she was a Senior Consultant in Valuation Services with PricewaterhouseCoopers where she led business analysis and valuations for both business clients and Real Estate Investment Trusts. She received her bachelor’s degree in Economics and Psychology from the University of California, San Diego, and an MBA from the University of Texas McComb School of Business.

Subriana Pierce is a visionary leader in the food and beverage industry with over 25 years of experience in senior leadership in both the grocery channel and Consumer Packaged Goods industry. She currently serves as Senior Vice President, Sales with C.A. Fortune, a national Consumer Brands Agency. After serving in various sales and marketing roles with PepsiCo/Frito Lay, she became SVP of Sales and Merchandising for Albertsons Southern California. After leaving Albertson’s, she launched food brokerage Navigator Sales and Marketing which was acquired by C.A. Fortune in July 2023. She also currently serves on the Board of Directors for the California Grocers Association. Subriana has a Bachelors in Economics from Spelman College and an MBA in Marketing from University of Chicago Booth.

Ian Wendler is a customer focused innovation, strategy and product development leader. He is currently Vice President and General Manager of Americas at Dover Corporations Vehicle Service Group (VSG). He previously held executive roles from Operations, to Engineering, to Marketing, and Business across Dover operating companies supporting OEM Automotive, Government, Industrial, Consumer, and Aftermarket segments in Engineered Products. Before joining Dover, he held Engineering and Management roles with RadiSys in Telecommunications and Gaming. He is accepted into Oregon State University’s Council of Outstanding Early Career Engineers, is an Industry Advisor, and prior Chairman of MECOP.

Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

There have been no events during the last five years that are material to an evaluation of the ability or integrity of any director, person nominated to become a director, executive officer, or control person including any of the matters identified in Item 401(f) of Regulation S-K.

Audit Committee Financial Expert

Geoff Guilfoy serves as the Audit Committee Chair and has been designated as the “audit committee financial expert” (as defined in applicable SEC rules) given his extensive background in oversight, financial budgeting and reporting and strategic consultation. Mr. Guilfoy is independent as that term is used in Section 240.14a-101 under the Exchange Act and as defined under NASDAQ Rule 4200(a)(15).

44

Audit Committees

The Company has an Audit Committee, which recommends to the board of directors the engagement of the independent auditors of the Company and reviews with the independent auditors the scope and results of the Company’s audits, the Company’s internal accounting controls, and the professional services furnished by the independent auditors to the Company. The board of directors adopted a new Audit Committee Charter in fiscal 2023.

The Audit Committee is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of auditors; and concerns about accounting and auditing matters; and has the authority to engage independent counsel and other outside advisors.

The Audit Committee may delegate to one or more designated members of the Audit Committee the authority to grant pre-approvals required by this policy / procedure. The decisions of any Audit Committee member to whom authority is delegated to pre-approve a service shall be presented to the Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting.

In accordance with the requirements of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Company introduced a procedure for the review and pre-approval of any services performed by Davidson & Company, LLP Chartered Accountants, including audit services, audit related services, tax services and other services. The procedure requires that all proposed engagements of Davidson & Company, LLP Chartered Accountants for audit and permitted non-audit services are submitted to the Audit Committee for approval prior to the beginning of any such services.

The current members of the Audit Committee are Geoff Guilfoy (Chair), Chris Karlin, and Ian Wendler. All members of the Audit Committee are “independent” within the meaning of applicable regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq listing rules regarding audit committee membership. The Audit Committee met five times in fiscal 2024 and five times in fiscal 2023.

Compensation Committee

The Company has a Compensation Committee which recommends to the Board of Directors on compensation matters for the Company, including compensation plans and benefits of executive officers and directors. This includes determining the compensation for senior management, the size and recipients of bonuses, and equity incentive plans, including the grant of options and other awards. The Committee will also recommend executive appointments and complete annual performance evaluations of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The Committee also advises on succession plan matters and has the authority to retain outside advisors or consultants.

The Committee operates under a written charter, which requires the Committee to consist of at least three members appointed by the Board. The members shall be independent directors, and the Board will designate one member as Chairman of the Committee. The Committee shall meet a minimum of one time per year.

Current members of the Compensation Committee are Chris Karlin (Chair), Sarah Johnson, and Geoff Guilfoy. All members of the Compensation Committee are “independent” within the meaning of applicable Nasdaq listing rules regarding compensation committee membership. The Committee met three times in fiscal 2024 and three times in fiscal 2023.

Governance Committee

The Company has a Governance Committee which devises and recommends to the Board of Directors on governance matters for the Company, including corporate governance policies and the composition and policies of the Board of Directors. The Committee is also tasked with monitoring compliance with these policies once adopted. These include policies that reflect best practices for sound governance, conflict of interest, and environmental and social (ESG) policies. The Committee is also responsible for policies related to Board Director service, including evaluating the current composition of the Board including the necessary diversity, experience, skills and judgment to meet the current and future needs of the Company, and the form and amounts of Director compensation. It will make recommendations for committee members and chairs and evaluate each individual director for continued service. If it is determined that additional directors are required, the Committee will identify, recruit and interview candidates and make nominations of qualified candidates to the Board

45

The Committee operates under a written charter, which requires the Committee to consist of at least two independent members appointed by the Board, with one member designated as Chairman of the Committee. A member appointed by the Board shall be a member of the Committee until replaced by the Board and/or until his or her resignation. The Committee may request or engage a non-Independent Director only for purposes of advice/counsel and such non-Independent Director will not have any voting rights within the Committee.

Current members of the Governance Committee are Michelle Walker (Chair) Sarah Johnson, Mike Henningsen, and Subriana Pierce. The Committee met five times in fiscal 2024 and eight times in fiscal 2023.

Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act

The Company has reviewed the Forms 3 and 4 furnished to the Company under Rule 16a-3(e) of the Securities Exchange Act during the most recent fiscal year and the Forms 5 furnished to the Company with respect to its most recent fiscal year, as well as any written representations received by the Company from persons required to file such forms. Management has determined there was one Form 3 report for newly appointed Director Subriana Pierce that failed to be filed on a timely basis, as required by Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act during the most recent fiscal year.

Code of Ethics

The Company has a written “code of ethics” that meets the United States' Sarbanes-Oxley Act standards. The code is posted on the Company’s website.

Limitation of Liability and Indemnification

Our certificate of incorporation limits the personal liability of our board members for breaches by them of their fiduciary duties. Our bylaws also require us to indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by British Columbia law. British Columbia law provides that directors of a corporation will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for any of the following acts:

| a. | any breach of their duty of loyalty to the Company or its stockholders;

| b. | acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

| c. | unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases, redemptions or other distributions; and

| d. | any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

Such limitation of liability may not apply to liabilities arising under the federal securities laws and does not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. In addition, British Columbia laws also permit us to secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or other agent for any liability arising out of his or her actions in such capacity, regardless of whether indemnification would be permitted under British Columbia law. We currently maintain liability insurance for our directors and executive officers.

Among other things, this will provide for indemnification of our directors and executive officers for certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by any such person in any action or proceeding, including any action by or in the right of the Company, arising out of such person’s services as a director or executive officer of ours, any subsidiary of ours or any other company or enterprise to which the person provided services at our request. We believe that these provisions and agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and executive officers.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers, and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Table No. 6 details compensation paid or accrued for fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021 for the Company’s chief executive officer, each of the Company’s most highly compensated executive officers who were serving as executive officers at the end of the most recently completed financial year and whose total salary and bonus exceeds $100,000 per year.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Long-term Compensation |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Awards |  |  | Payouts |
|  |  |  |  | Annual Compensation |  |  |  |  |  | Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Name and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  | Restricted |  |  | Underlying |  |  |  |  |  | All |
Principal |  | Fiscal |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Annual |  |  | Stock |  |  | Options/ |  |  | LTIP |  |  | Other |
Position |  | Year |  |  | Salary |  |  | Bonus |  |  | Comp. |  |  | Awards |  |  | SARS (#) |  |  | Payouts |  |  | Comp. (1) |
Chad Summers, Chief Executive Officer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 36,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,500 |
|  |  | 2023 |  |  | $ | 295,833 |  |  | $ | 70,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20,500 |
Mitch Van Domelen, Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ | 178,333 |  |  | $ | 53,500 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,500 |
|  |  | 2023 |  |  | $ | 170,833 |  |  | $ | 51,250 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20,500 |

(1) “All Other Compensation” relates to the Company’s 401K contributions for each individual.

The Company has the same 401(k) Plan for executives as for all employees: it is a dollar-for-dollar match on 10% of eligible compensation, and a non-elective discretionary contribution based on the first $45,000 of eligible compensation.

Other than participation in the Company’s Restricted Share Plan and 401(k), no funds were set aside or accrued during fiscal 2024 or 2023 to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers.

The Company has no plans or arrangements with respect to remuneration received or that may be received by executive officers of the Company to compensate such executive officers in the event of termination of employment (as a result of resignation, retirement, change of control) or a change of responsibilities following a change of control.

No executive officer or director received other compensation in excess of the lesser of $25,000 or 10% of such officer's cash compensation, and all executive officers or directors as a group did not receive other compensation, which exceeded $25,000 times the number of persons in the group or 10% of the compensation.

Except for our Restricted Stock Plan and 401(k) Plan, we have no material stock option plan, bonus or profit sharing plans pursuant to which cash or non-cash compensation is or may be paid to our directors or executive officers. Officers received bonuses, which were determined and approved by the Board of Directors.

The Board approved a non-qualified Profit-Sharing plan for employees who did not receive any other form of commission or bonus. The plan is formula based proportionately balancing years of service and compensation. The Board has year-to-year responsibility to review the amount funded to the program and the overall program will be based on a percentage of operating or pre-tax profit.

Restricted Share Plan

The Company has a Restricted Share Plan which allows the Company to grant restricted shares as compensation to directors, officers, employees and consultants of the Company. The Restricted Shares are subject to restrictions, including the period under which the shares will be restricted and subject to forfeiture which is determined by the Board at the time of the grant. The recipient of Restricted Shares is entitled to all of the rights of a shareholder, including the right to vote such shares and the right to receive any dividends, except that the shares granted under the Plan are nontransferable during the Restricted Period.

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The maximum number of Common Shares reserved for issuance under the Plan will not exceed 1% of the then issued and outstanding number of Common Shares at the time of the grant. During the year ended August 31, 2024, 5,903 common shares were issued under the Plan at an average price of $5.43 per share. 575 were granted to Officers and Directors without a Restricted Period under the Company’s S-8 Registration Statement. 5,328 common shares were granted to Officers and Employees and have a three-year Restricted Period. During the year ended August 31, 2023, the Company issued 3,557 common shares under the Restricted Share Plan. Of the 3,557 common shares, 500 of these shares were granted to Directors without a Restricted Period under the Company’s S-8 Registration Statement, and the remaining 3,057 common shares were granted to Officers and Employees and have a three-year Restricted Period.

401(k) Plan

The Company has a 401(k) Plan which allows for a non-elective discretionary contribution based on the first $45,000 of eligible compensation. Beginning in fiscal 2019, the Company reduced the percentage amount of the discretionary contribution while adding a matching contribution, which is designed to encourage employees to participate with their own contributions. For the years ended August 31, 2024 and 2023 the 401(k) compensation expense was $117,319 and $344,336, respectively. The decline in the expense in fiscal 2024 from 2023 is due to the Board of Directors approving a lower discretionary contribution for fiscal 2024 than in the prior year.

The contributions for Chad Summers for fiscal years 2024 and 2023 were $22,500 and $20,500, and the contributions for Mitch Van Domelen for fiscal 2024 and 2023 were $22,500 and $20,500. There are no un-funded liabilities.

Stock Options

The Company formerly had a stock option program under which stock options to purchase securities from the Company could be granted to directors and employees of the Company on terms and conditions acceptable to the regulatory authorities of Canada, notably the Ontario Securities Commission and the British Columbia Securities Commission.

During the year ended August 31, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the termination of the stock option program. No options were granted in fiscal 2024 or 2023, and the Company had no stock options outstanding as of August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023.

Long-Term Incentive Plan / Defined Benefit or Actuarial Plan

During fiscal 2024 the Company had no Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) and no LTIP awards were made. Also, during fiscal 2024 the Company had no Defined Benefit or Actuarial Plan.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

The Company’s Compensation Committee consists of 3 independent directors. None of the members of the Compensation Committee served as an officer or employee of the Company in the prior fiscal year.

No board of director member and none of our executive officers have a relationship that would constitute an interlocking relationship with executive officers and directors of another entity.

Employment Contracts

Termination of Employment and Change-in-Control Arrangements

--- No Disclosure Necessary ---

Director Compensation

The Company began compensating directors at the rate of $1,000 per month as of January 1, 2019. Directors are also entitled to reimbursement for reasonable travel and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may award special remuneration to any director undertaking any special services on behalf of the Company other than services ordinarily required of a director.

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During fiscal 2024 the following cash payments were paid to directors for their service as directors: Charles Hopewell $18,000 (2023 - $18,000); Chad Summers $Nil (2023 - $Nil); Geoff Guilfoy $12,000 (2023 - $12,000); Mike Henningsen $12,000 (2023 - $8,000); Sarah Johnson $12,000 (2023 -$12,000); Chris Karlin $12,000 (2023 - $12,000); Michelle Walker $12,000 (2023 - $12,000); Subriana Pierce $8,000 (2023 - $Nil); Ian Wendler $8,000 (2023 - $Nil); and Mike Nasser $Nil (2023 - $8,000);

In November 2020, the Board of Directors approved additional compensation for Directors other than Named Executive Officer members under the Company’s Restricted Share Plan. Directors will be granted 25 common shares for each fiscal quarter of service, with the amount earned during the year to be distributed by the end of the first fiscal quarter of the following fiscal year. Directors also received a one-time grant of 225 common shares each upon the approval by the Board, with such shares distributed in December 2020. The value of the 225 shares granted to each non-executive Director was $1,980.

In fiscal 2024, the Company issued 575 common shares (2023 – 500 common shares) to directors under the RSA Plan. The value of the shares issued was $3,122 (2023 - $2,620).

Executive Officer Compensation

The Company’s Compensation Committee provides advice and recommendations to the Board of Directors on compensation and benefits for executive officers. As in prior years all judgments regarding executive compensation for fiscal 2024 and 2023 were based primarily upon our assessment of each executive officer’s performance and contribution towards enhancing long-term shareowner value. We rely upon judgment and not upon rigid guidelines or formulas or short-term changes in our stock price in determining the amount and mix of compensation for each executive officer.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The Company is a publicly owned corporation. It is not controlled directly or indirectly by another corporation or any foreign government.

Table No. 7 shows directors, executive officers, and 5% shareholders who beneficially owned the Company’s common stock and the amount of the Company’s voting stock owned as of November 19, 2024.

Table No. 7.

Shareholdings of Directors, Executive Officers,

and 5% Shareholders

| Name | Amount of Beneficial |  |  |
| and Address of | and Voting |  | Percent of |
Class | of Beneficial Owner | Ownership |  | Class (1) |
Common | Oregon Community Foundation (2) |  | 1,008,534 |  |  | 28.78 | %
Common | Comprehensive Financial Planning (3) |  | 393,400 |  |  | 11.22 | %
Common | Charles E. Hopewell |  | 19,728 |  |  | 0.56 | %
Common | Chad Summers |  | 7,516 |  |  | 0.21 | %
Common | Mitch Van Domelen |  | 3,324 |  |  | 0.09 | %
Common | Geoff Guilfoy |  | 550 |  |  | 0.02 | %
Common | Sarah Johnson |  | 550 |  |  | 0.02 | %
Common | Chris Karlin |  | 550 |  |  | 0.02 | %
Common | Michelle Walker |  | 225 |  |  | 0.01 | %
Common | Mike Henningsen |  | 75 |  |  | <0.01 | %
Common | Subriana Pierce |  | Nil |  |  | N/A |
Common | Ian Wendler |  | Nil |  |  | N/A |
Total Directors, Executive Officers, and 5% Shareholders |  |  | 1,434,452 |  |  | 40.93 | %

| (1) | Based on 3,504,802 shares outstanding as of November 19, 2024 and shares granted under the RSA Plan for which the individual has voting control or are issuable within the next 60 days.

| (2) | Information is derived from a Schedule 13D/A filed on October 15, 2024. The address for the Oregon Community Foundation is 1221 SW Yamhill St. Suite 100, Portland, OR 97205.

| (3) | Information is derived from a Schedule 13G/A filed on January 31, 2023. The shares are owned by investment advisory clients of Comprehensive Financial Planning, Inc. Raymond L. Howe has sole voting power over the 393,400 shares. The address for Comprehensive Financial Planning is 3950 Fairlane Drive, Dacula, GA 30019.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

There have been no transactions or proposed transactions, which have materially affected or will materially affect the Company in which any director, executive officer, or beneficial holder of more than 5% of the outstanding common stock, or any of their respective relatives, spouses, associates or affiliates has had or will have any direct or material indirect interest.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The audit committee is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of auditors; and has the authority and the funding to engage independent counsel and other outside advisors.

The audit committee may delegate to one or more designated members of the audit committee the authority to grant pre-approvals required by this policy and procedure. The decisions of any audit committee member to whom authority is delegated to pre-approve a service shall be presented to the audit committee at its next meeting.

In accordance with the requirements of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission, we introduced a procedure for the review and pre-approval of any services performed by Davidson & Company, LLP Chartered Accountants, including audit services, audit related services, tax services and other services. The procedure requires that all proposed engagements of Davidson & Company, LLP Chartered Accountants for audit and permitted non-audit services are submitted to the finance and audit committee for approval prior to the beginning of any such services.

Fees, including reimbursements for expenses and for professional services rendered by Davidson & Company, LLP Chartered Accountants to the Company were:

Principal Accountant |  |  | Fiscal Year |
Fees and Services |  |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 2023 |
Audit fees |  | $ | 110,000 |  |  | $ | 90,000 |
Tax fees |  |  | 15,238 |  |  |  | 10,238 |
All other fees (1) |  |  | 31,000 |  |  |  | 30,000 |
Total |  | $ | 156,238 |  |  | $ | 132,238 |

(1) FY 2024: $10,500 to review the Q1 Form 10-Q

$10,500 to review the Q2 Form 10-Q

$10,000 to review the Q3 Form 10-Q

FY 2023: $10,000 to review the Q1 Form 10-Q

$10,000 to review the Q2 Form 10-Q

$10,000 to review the Q3 Form 10-Q

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PART III

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(A) Financial Statements and Schedules:

(B) Exhibits:

|  |  |  | Incorporated by Reference |  | Filed or Furnished
No. |  | Exhibit Description |  | Form |  | Date Filed |  | Number |  | Herewith
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Jewett-Cameron Lumber Corporation |  | 10-Q |  | 1/13/2014 |  | 3.1 |  |
3.2 |  | Articles of Incorporation of Jewett-Cameron Company. |  | 10-Q |  | 1/13/2014 |  | 3.2 |  |
10.1 |  | Policy for the Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Executive Compensation as adopted on November 17, 2023 |  | 10-Q |  | 22/28/2023 |  | 10.1 |  |
21 |  | Subsidiaries of the Registrant: Refer to page 4 of this Form 10-K |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Chad Summers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Mitch Van Domelen |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C., 1350 (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act), Chad Summers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C., 1350 (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act), Mitch Van Domelen |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |  | X

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

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SIGNATURE PAGE

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Jewett-Cameron Trading Company Ltd.

Registrant

Dated: November 20, 2024 | By: /s/ “Chad Summers Chad Summers, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Dated: November 20, 2024 | By: /s/ “Mitch Van Domelen” Mitch Van Domelen, Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Dated: November 20, 2024 | By: /s/ “Charles Hopewell” Charles Hopewell, Chairman and Director
Dated: November 20, 2024 | By: /s/ “Geoff Guilfoy” Geoff Guilfoy, Director
Dated: November 20, 2024 | By: /s/ “Mike Henningsen” Mike Henningsen, Director
Dated: November 20, 2024 | By: /s/ “Sarah Johnson” Sarah Johnson, Director
Dated: November 20, 2024 | By: /s/ “Chris Karlin” Chris Karlin, Director
Dated: November 20, 2024 | By: /s/ “Subriana Pierce” Subriana Pierce, Director
Dated: November 20, 2024 | By: /s/ “Michelle Walker” Michelle Walker, Director
Dated: November 20, 2024 | By: /s/ “Ian Wendler” Ian Wendler, Director

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