Notes Receivable	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Receivables [Abstract]
Notes Receivable	5. Notes Receivable Note 1 On May 14, 2021, DSS Pure Air, Inc. a subsidiary of the Company entered a convertible promissory note (“Note 1”) with Puradigm, Inc. (“Puradigm”), a company registered in the state of Texas. Note 1 has an aggregate principal balance up to $5,000,000, to be funded at the request of Puradigm. Note 1, which incurs interest at a rate of 6.65% due quarterly, had a maturity date of May 1, 2023. Note 1 contains an optional conversion clause that allows the Company to convert all, or a portion of all, into newly issued member units of Puradigm with the maximum principal amount equal to 18% of the total equity position of Puradigm at conversion. The outstanding principal and interest as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, approximated $5,544,000. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 this note is in default and the Company has a reserve of $5,544,000 against the principal and interest outstanding. Note 2 On October 25, 2021, APF entered into a loan agreement (“Note 2”) with Asili, LLC. (“Asili”), a company registered in the state of Utah. Note 3 has an initial aggregate principal balance up to $1,000,000, to be funded at the request of Asili, with an option to increase the maximum principal borrowing to $3,000,000. Note 2, which incurs interest at a rate of 8.0% with principal and interest due at the maturity date of October 25, 2022. This note contains an optional conversion feature allowing APF to convert the outstanding principal to a 10% membership interest. APF, as holder of Note 2, has the right to elect one member to the Board of Managers. This note is in default and the outstanding principal and interest of approximately $884,000 is fully reserved for as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Note 3 On January 24, 2022, APF and an individual entered into a promissory note (“Note 3”) in the principal sum of $100,000 with interest of 6%, due annually, and maturing in January 2024. The outstanding principal and interest at December 31, 2024 approximated $17,000 and was included in Current portion of notes receivable on the accompanying consolidate balance sheet. As of September 30, 2025, the outstanding principal and interest approximating $18,000 were written-off. Note 4 On March 2, 2022, APF and WUURII Commerce, Inc. (“WUURII”), a corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of Korea entered into a promissory note (“Note 4”). Under the terms of Note 4, APF at its discretion, may lend up to the principal sum of $893,000 with an interest rate of 8%, and matured in March 2024 and was extended to April 2025, with interest payable quarterly. The outstanding principal and interest at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024 is $465,000 and $468,000, respectively. This loan is currently in default and as of September 30, 2025 the Company has a reserve of $465,000 against the principal and interest outstanding. Note 5 On May 9, 2022, DSS PureAir and Puradigm entered into a promissory note (“Note 5”) in the principal sum of $210,000 with interest of 10%, is due in three quarterly installments beginning on August 9, 2022, with the first two payment consisting of interest only. All unpaid principal and interest are due on February 9, 2023. This loan is currently in default. The outstanding principal and interest at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 approximates $224,000. This note was fully reserved for as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Note 6, related party On August 29, 2022, DSS Financial Management Inc and BMI Capital, Inc. (“BMIC”), a related party, entered into a promissory note (“Note 6”) in the principal sum of $100,000 with interest of 8%, is due in three quarterly installments beginning on September 14, 2022. All unpaid principal and interest is due on August 29, 2025. The outstanding principal and interest at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024 approximated $83,000, and was fully reserved for as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. DSS owns 24.9% of the outstanding common shares of BMIC. Note 7, related party On May 8, 2023, DSS Financial Management Inc and BMIC entered into a promissory note (“Note 7”) in the principal sum of $102,000 with interest at the prime rate plus 2% with a maturity date of May 7, 2026. The outstanding principal and interest at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024 approximated $110,000, and was fully reserved for as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. DSS owns 24.9% of the outstanding common shares of BMIC. Note 8, related party On July 26, 2022, APF and VEII, Inc. (“VEII”) entered into a promissory note (“Note 8”) in the principal sum of $1,000,000 with interest of 8% with all unpaid principal and interest due on July 26, 2024. This note was amended so that all unpaid principal and interest is due July 26, 2025. The outstanding principal and interest as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 approximates $917,000. This note was fully reserved for as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Heng Fai Ambrose Chan, the Chairman of DSS, Inc is also the on the board of directors of VEII. Note 9 On February 19, 2021, Impact BioMedical, Inc, entered into a promissory note with an individual. The Company loaned the principal sum of $206,000, with interest at a rate of 6.5%, and maturity date of August 19, 2022 later amended to February 19, 2026. Monthly payments are due on the twenty-first day of each month and continuing each month thereafter until February 19, 2026. This note is secured by certain real property situated in Collier County, Florida. The outstanding principal and interest as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024 was approximately $199,000 and $201,000, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, approximately $199,000 is classified in Current notes receivable. As of December 31, 2024, $184,000 is classified in Current notes receivable and the remaining $17,000 is classified as Notes receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Note 10 On September 27, 2023, Decentralized Sharing Systems, Inc. and Stemtech Corporation (“Stemtech”) entered into a convertible promissory note (“Note 10”) in the principal sum of $1,400,000 with a discount of $300,000 and interest rate of 10% and maturity date of September 1, 2024. The outstanding principal, interest, and associated discount was fully reserved for as of December 31, 2024 and written off as of September 30, 2025 Note 11 On March 31, 2023, DSS Biohealth Security, Inc and an individual entered into a promissory note (“Note 11”) in the principal sum of $140,000 and interest rate floating daily to Wall Street Journal Prime rate per annum with the total outstanding principal and interest due at the maturity date of March 31, 2025. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding principal and interest approximated $135,000. This balance was fully reserved for as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Note 12 On August 29, 2024, APF entered into a promissory note (“Note 12”) with WestPark. Note 14 has a principal balance of $459,000. Note 14, which incurs interest at a rate of 10.0% with principal and interest due at the maturity date of April 27, 2026. On November 1, 2024, monthly payments of approximately $28,000 are due with any unpaid interest and principal due at maturity. As of September 30, 2025, the outstanding principal and interest approximates $257,000, which is classified as Current notes receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2024, the outstanding principal and interest approximates $450,000, of which $337,000 is classified as Current notes receivable and the remaining $113,000 is classified as Non-current notes receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

Notes Receivable

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

5. Notes Receivable

Note 1

On May 14, 2021, DSS Pure Air, Inc. a subsidiary of the Company entered a convertible promissory note (“Note 1”) with Puradigm, Inc. (“Puradigm”), a company registered in the state of Texas. Note 1 has an aggregate principal balance up to $5,000,000, to be funded at the request of Puradigm. Note 1, which incurs interest at a rate of 6.65% due quarterly, had a maturity date of May 1, 2023. Note 1 contains an optional conversion clause that allows the Company to convert all, or a portion of all, into newly issued member units of Puradigm with the maximum principal amount equal to 18% of the total equity position of Puradigm at conversion. The outstanding principal and interest as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, approximated $5,544,000. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 this note is in default and the Company has a reserve of $5,544,000 against the principal and interest outstanding.

Note 2

On October 25, 2021, APF entered into a loan agreement (“Note 2”) with Asili, LLC. (“Asili”), a company registered in the state of Utah. Note 3 has an initial aggregate principal balance up to $1,000,000, to be funded at the request of Asili, with an option to increase the maximum principal borrowing to $3,000,000. Note 2, which incurs interest at a rate of 8.0% with principal and interest due at the maturity date of October 25, 2022. This note contains an optional conversion feature allowing APF to convert the outstanding principal to a 10% membership interest. APF, as holder of Note 2, has the right to elect one member to the Board of Managers. This note is in default and the outstanding principal and interest of approximately $884,000 is fully reserved for as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Note 3

On January 24, 2022, APF and an individual entered into a promissory note (“Note 3”) in the principal sum of $100,000 with interest of 6%, due annually, and maturing in January 2024. The outstanding principal and interest at December 31, 2024 approximated $17,000 and was included in Current portion of notes receivable on the accompanying consolidate balance sheet. As of September 30, 2025, the outstanding principal and interest approximating $18,000 were written-off.

Note 4

On March 2, 2022, APF and WUURII Commerce, Inc. (“WUURII”), a corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of Korea entered into a promissory note (“Note 4”). Under the terms of Note 4, APF at its discretion, may lend up to the principal sum of $893,000 with an interest rate of 8%, and matured in March 2024 and was extended to April 2025, with interest payable quarterly. The outstanding principal and interest at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024 is $465,000 and $468,000, respectively. This loan is currently in default and as of September 30, 2025 the Company has a reserve of $465,000 against the principal and interest outstanding.

Note 5

On May 9, 2022, DSS PureAir and Puradigm entered into a promissory note (“Note 5”) in the principal sum of $210,000 with interest of 10%, is due in three quarterly installments beginning on August 9, 2022, with the first two payment consisting of interest only. All unpaid principal and interest are due on February 9, 2023. This loan is currently in default. The outstanding principal and interest at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 approximates $224,000. This note was fully reserved for as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Note 6, related party

On August 29, 2022, DSS Financial Management Inc and BMI Capital, Inc. (“BMIC”), a related party, entered into a promissory note (“Note 6”) in the principal sum of $100,000 with interest of 8%, is due in three quarterly installments beginning on September 14, 2022. All unpaid principal and interest is due on August 29, 2025. The outstanding principal and interest at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024 approximated $83,000, and was fully reserved for as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. DSS owns 24.9% of the outstanding common shares of BMIC.

Note 7, related party

On May 8, 2023, DSS Financial Management Inc and BMIC entered into a promissory note (“Note 7”) in the principal sum of $102,000 with interest at the prime rate plus 2% with a maturity date of May 7, 2026. The outstanding principal and interest at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024 approximated $110,000, and was fully reserved for as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. DSS owns 24.9% of the outstanding common shares of BMIC.

Note 8, related party

On July 26, 2022, APF and VEII, Inc. (“VEII”) entered into a promissory note (“Note 8”) in the principal sum of $1,000,000 with interest of 8% with all unpaid principal and interest due on July 26, 2024. This note was amended so that all unpaid principal and interest is due July 26, 2025. The outstanding principal and interest as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 approximates $917,000. This note was fully reserved for as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Heng Fai Ambrose Chan, the Chairman of DSS, Inc is also the on the board of directors of VEII.

Note 9

On February 19, 2021, Impact BioMedical, Inc, entered into a promissory note with an individual. The Company loaned the principal sum of $206,000, with interest at a rate of 6.5%, and maturity date of August 19, 2022 later amended to February 19, 2026. Monthly payments are due on the twenty-first day of each month and continuing each month thereafter until February 19, 2026. This note is secured by certain real property situated in Collier County, Florida. The outstanding principal and interest as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024 was approximately $199,000 and $201,000, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, approximately $199,000 is classified in Current notes receivable. As of December 31, 2024, $184,000 is classified in Current notes receivable and the remaining $17,000 is classified as Notes receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

Note 10

On September 27, 2023, Decentralized Sharing Systems, Inc. and Stemtech Corporation (“Stemtech”) entered into a convertible promissory note (“Note 10”) in the principal sum of $1,400,000 with a discount of $300,000 and interest rate of 10% and maturity date of September 1, 2024. The outstanding principal, interest, and associated discount was fully reserved for as of December 31, 2024 and written off as of September 30, 2025

Note 11

On March 31, 2023, DSS Biohealth Security, Inc and an individual entered into a promissory note (“Note 11”) in the principal sum of $140,000 and interest rate floating daily to Wall Street Journal Prime rate per annum with the total outstanding principal and interest due at the maturity date of March 31, 2025. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding principal and interest approximated $135,000. This balance was fully reserved for as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Note 12

On August 29, 2024, APF entered into a promissory note (“Note 12”) with WestPark. Note 14 has a principal balance of $459,000. Note 14, which incurs interest at a rate of 10.0% with principal and interest due at the maturity date of April 27, 2026. On November 1, 2024, monthly payments of approximately $28,000 are due with any unpaid interest and principal due at maturity. As of September 30, 2025, the outstanding principal and interest approximates $257,000, which is classified as Current notes receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2024, the outstanding principal and interest approximates $450,000, of which $337,000 is classified as Current notes receivable and the remaining $113,000 is classified as Non-current notes receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.