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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Interim Financial Statements The summary of significant accounting policies is included in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed as Exhibit 99.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on April 4, 2023. The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Any references in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to GAAP as found in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) and Accounting Standards Update (ASU) promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments (which consist primarily of accruals, estimates and assumptions that impact the consolidated financial statements) considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2023 and its results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, presented herein, do not contain all of the required disclosures under GAAP for annual financial statements. The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed as Exhibit 99.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on April 4, 2023. Use of Estimates The preparation of unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from such estimates. Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary. Significant areas that require management’s estimates include the fair value of the Company’s common stock and the derivative liability prior to the Merger, stock-based compensation assumptions, the estimated useful lives of property and equipment, and accrued research and development expenses. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Management believes that the carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents and accounts payable, approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of those instruments. The Company considered the carrying value of its convertible promissory note (Note 6) as of December 31, 2022 to approximate fair value due to its short-term nature. The derivative liability was recorded at its estimated fair value prior to its derecognition in March 2023 upon conversion of the associated convertible promissory notes. Fair Value Measurements The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. The Company determines fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which are categorized in one of the following levels: •Level 1 Inputs: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date. •Level 2 Inputs: Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. •Level 3 Inputs: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
(in thousands) | Fair value measurement at reporting date using
(Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents – money markets accounts | $ | 68,575 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Marketable securities – U.S. Treasuries | $ | 11,005 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents – money markets accounts | $ | 7,794 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Marketable securities – U.S. Treasuries | $ | 27,802 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Liability: |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liability – redemption feature on convertible promissory note | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,739 |
The following is a summary of the Company’s marketable securities as of September 30, 2023:
| Amortized cost |  | Gross unrealized gain |  | Fair value
Available-for-sale marketable securities |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 10,632 |  |  | $ | 373 |  |  | $ | 11,005 |
The table presented below is a summary of the changes in fair value of the Company’s derivative liability associated with the redemption feature of the Company’s convertible promissory note (Level 3 measurement):
(in thousands) | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 |  | 2022
Balance at the beginning of the period | $ | 5,739 |  |  | $ | — |
Balance at issuance | — |  |  | 3,820 |
Change in fair value | 84 |  |  | 1,369 |
Derecognition upon conversion of convertible promissory note | (5,823) |  |  | — |
Balance at the end of the period | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,189 |
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3. Concentration of credit risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant risk on its cash and cash equivalents. Segment information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one segment. Net loss per share Basic net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted net loss per share of common stock includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as convertible preferred stock and stock options, which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock. For diluted net loss per share, the weighted-average number of shares of common stock is the same for basic net loss per share due to the fact that when a net loss exists, potentially dilutive securities are not included in the calculation as their impact is anti-dilutive. The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, as they would be anti-dilutive:
| September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Convertible preferred stock and exchangeable shares | — |  | 9,936,148
Stock options | 6,515,345 |  | 3,426,929
Conversion of convertible promissory note | — |  | 3,206,707
| 6,515,345 |  | 16,569,784
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which requires financial assets measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company adopted the guidance using a modified retrospective approach as of January 1, 2023 which resulted in no cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit and did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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