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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 2:   SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Basis of Presentation

 

These financial statements are presented in United States dollars and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Principles of Consolidation

 

These financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries GeneMax Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“GPI”) and GeneMax Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. (“GPC”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation.

 

Use of Estimates

 

Preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Significant areas requiring management’s estimates and assumptions include deferred taxes and related tax balances and disclosures, determining the fair value of stock-based compensation and stock based transactions, the fair value of the components of the convertible notes payable, foreign exchange gains and losses, allocation of costs to research and development and accrued liabilities. Matters impacting the company’s ability to continue as a going concern and contingencies also involve the use of estimates and assumptions.

 

Fair Value Measurements

 

The objective of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, is to increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and to expand disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements and does not require any new fair value measurements.

 

Foreign Currency Translation

 

The functional currency of the Company, including its subsidiary, is United States dollars. GPC maintains its accounting records in its local currency (Canadian dollar). In accordance with ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters, the financial statements of the Company's subsidiary is translated into United States dollars using period end exchange rates for monetary assets and liabilities and average exchange rates over the period for revenues and expenses. Non-monetary assets are translated at their historical exchange rates. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange translations and foreign currency exchange gains and losses on transactions occurring in a currency other than the Company's functional currency are included in the determination of net income in the period.

 

 

Financial Instruments and Concentration of Credit Risk

 

The fair values of cash, accounts payable, and other current monetary liabilities approximate their carrying values due to the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments. The Company's operations and financing activities are conducted primarily in United States dollars, and as a result the Company is not subject to significant exposure to market risks from changes in foreign currency rates. Unless otherwise noted, it is management's opinion that the Company is not exposed to significant interest or credit risks arising from assets classified as financial instruments.

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Circumstances which could trigger a review include, but are not limited to: significant decreases in the market price of the asset; significant adverse changes in the business climate or legal factors; accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of the asset; current period cash flow or operating losses combined with a history of losses or a forecast of continuing losses associated with the use of the asset; and current expectation that the asset will more likely than not be sold or disposed significantly before the end of its estimated useful life. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of carrying amounts to future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds fair value.

 

Stock-Based Compensation

 

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the grant date fair-value of stock-based awards under ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. The fair value is recorded in income depending on the terms and conditions of the award, and the nature of the relationship of the recipient of the award to the Company. The Company records the grant date fair value in income in line with the period over which it was earned. For employees and management this is typically considered to be the vesting period of the award. For consultants the fair value of the award is recorded in income over the term of the service period, and unvested amounts are revalued at each reporting period over the service period.

 

Deferred Financing Costs

 

The Company defers direct costs incurred in connection with the sale of common shares which are offset against the proceeds of the financing upon completion. Costs incurred in connection with convertible loans payable are deferred and amortized as a financing cost over the term of the convertible loans. Upon conversion of the loan, any unamortized amount of deferred financing costs will be charged to stockholders’ equity as a cost of financing.

 

Research and Development Costs

 

The Company has acquired development and marketing rights to certain technologies. The rights and licenses acquired are considered rights to unproven technology which may not have alternate future uses and therefore, have been expensed as incurred as research and development costs.

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax balances. Potential deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to the taxable income in the years in which those differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on potential deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the date of enactment. The Company recognizes deferred taxes on unrealized gains directly within other comprehensive income, and concurrently releases part of the related valuation allowance resulting in nil impact within OCI or on the balance sheet. As at December 31, 2011, the Company had net operating loss carry forwards; however, due to the uncertainty of realization, the Company has provided a full valuation allowance for the potential deferred tax assets resulting from these loss carry forwards.

 

Derivative Warrant Liability

 

The Company evaluates its convertible debt, options, warrants or other contracts to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for in accordance with ASC 810-10-05-4 and 815-40. This accounting treatment requires that the carrying amount of embedded derivatives be marked-to-market at each balance sheet date and carried at fair value. In the event that the fair value is recorded as a liability, the change in fair value during the period is recorded in the Statement of Operations as either income or expense. Upon conversion, exercise or modification to the terms of a derivative instrument, the instrument is marked to fair value at the conversion date and then the related fair value is reclassified to equity.

 

 

In circumstances where the embedded conversion option in a convertible instrument is required to be bifurcated and there are also other embedded derivative instruments in the convertible instrument that are required to be bifurcated, the bifurcated derivative instruments are accounted for as a single, compound derivative instruments.

 

The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is re-assessed at the end of each reporting period. Equity instruments that are initially classified as equity that become subject to reclassification are reclassified to liability at the fair value of the instrument on the reclassification date. Derivative instrument liabilities will be classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement of the derivative instrument is expected within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

 

In evaluating the application of ASC 815-40, management must determine whether an instrument (or an embedded feature) is indexed to the Company’s own stock. ASC 815-40-15 provides that an entity should use a two-step approach to evaluate whether an equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded feature) is indexed to its own stock, including evaluating the instrument’s contingent exercise and settlement provisions. The application of ASC 815-40-15 has affected the accounting for (i) certain freestanding warrants that contain exercise price adjustment features and (ii) convertible notes containing full-ratchet and anti-dilution protections (iii) certain free standing warrants that contain contingently puttable cash settlement.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The Company follows ASC paragraph 825-10-50-10 for disclosures about fair value of its financial instruments and ASC paragraph 820-10-35-37 to measure the fair value of its financial instruments. 820-10-35-37 establishes a framework for measuring fair value pursuant to GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and related disclosures, paragraph 820-10-35-37 further establishes a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three (3) broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three (3) levels of fair value hierarchy are described below:

 

Level 1 Quoted market prices available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.

 

Level 2 Pricing inputs other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date.

 

Level 3 Pricing inputs that are generally observable inputs and not corroborated by market data.

 

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, such as; cash, receivables, prepaid expenses and deposits, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, research agreement obligations, and due to related parties, approximate their fair values because of their short term maturity. The Company’s convertible notes payable approximate fair value based upon management’s estimate of comparable interest rates that would be available to the Company for similar financial arrangements.

 

The Company revalues its derivative warrant and derivative conversion option liabilities at each reporting period and recognizes gains or losses in the consolidated statements of operations that are attributable to the change in the fair value.

 

Loss per Common Share

 

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. If applicable, diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings (loss) of the Company. The common shares potentially issuable on conversion of outstanding convertible debentures, warrants and stock options are anti-dilutive and have not been included in the calculation.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

 

In June, 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, which amends ASC Topic 220, Comprehensive Income. Under the amendment, an entity has the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In both choices, an entity is required to present each component of net income along with total net income, each component of other comprehensive income along with a total for other comprehensive income, and a total amount for comprehensive income. This ASU eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders' equity. The amendments in this ASU do not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income. The amendments in this ASU should be applied retrospectively.

 

Additionally, the FASB issued a second amendment to ASC Topic 220 in December 2011, ASU No. 2011-12, which allows companies the ability to defer certain aspects of ASU 2011-05. For public entities, these amendments are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. The amendments do not require any transition disclosures.

 

 

On September 15, 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, which simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment. This ASU will allow an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. Under the ASU, an entity would not be required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines, based on a qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. The ASU includes a number of factors to consider in conducting the qualitative assessment. The ASU is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. Early adoption is permitted.

 

The Company has reviewed recently issued accounting pronouncements and plans to adopt those that are applicable to it. It does not expect the adoption of these pronouncements to have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.