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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2011
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of consolidated financial statement presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Holding Company, the Bank and the Bank’s wholly owned or majority owned subsidiaries, Carver Asset Corporation, CFSB Realty Corp, Carver Community Development Corporation, and CFSB Credit Corp. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated statement of financial condition and revenues and expenses for the period then ended. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the March 31, 2011 Annual Report to Stockholders on Form 10-K. Amounts subject to significant estimates and assumptions are items such as the allowance for loan losses, realization of deferred tax assets, and the fair value of financial instruments. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance for loan losses or future write downs of real estate owned may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions in the areas where Carver Federal has extended mortgages and other credit instruments. Actual results could differ significantly from those assumptions. Current market conditions increase the risk and complexity of the judgments in these estimates. The Company adjusted the non-controlling interest defined as "Non Controlling interest, net of taxes" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations at December 31, 2011 and the Other Liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition to adjust for an overstatement of non-controlling interest in the quarters ended March 31, 2011, June 30, 2011 and September 30, 2011, resulting in an overstatement of the net loss by approximately $238 thousand net of tax . The non-controlling interest reported for each of these periods was overstated by approximately $238 thousand net of tax. The effect on the loss per share was $0.10 for the quarter ended March 31, 2011, $1.45 for quarter ended June 30, 2011, and $1.44 for the quarter ended September 30, 2011. The Company adjusted the presentation of restricted cash deposits in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition at June 30, 2011 to present restricted cash as a separate financial statement caption. The Company reported restricted cash in total cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2011. The Company recognized this adjustment in presentation as an investing activity in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in the quarterly period ending June 30, 2011. In addition, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC"), Carver Federal’s regulator, as an integral part of its examination process, periodically reviews Carver Federal’s allowance for loan losses and, if applicable, real estate owned valuations. The OCC may require Carver Federal to recognize additions to the allowance for loan losses or additional write-downs of real estate owned based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. Investment Securities When purchased, investment securities are designated as either investment securities held-to-maturity, available-for-sale or trading. Securities are classified as held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost only if the Bank has a positive intent and ability to hold such securities to maturity. Securities held-to-maturity are carried at cost, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and the accretion of discounts using the level-yield method over the remaining period until maturity. If not classified as held-to-maturity, securities are classified as available-for-sale demonstrating management's ability to sell in response to actual or anticipated changes in interest rates and resulting prepayment risk or any other factors. Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value. Estimated fair values of securities are based on either published or security dealers' market value if available. If quoted or dealer prices are not available, fair value is estimated using quoted or dealer prices for similar securities. Securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings. The Company conducts periodic reviews to identify and evaluate each investment that has an unrealized holding loss. Unrealized holding gains or losses for securities available-for-sale are excluded from earnings and reported net of deferred income taxes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of Stockholders' Equity. Any other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in earnings when management has an intent to sell or that management believes it is more-likely-than-not that it will be required to sell the security prior to the recovery of the amortized cost basis. For those securities that management does not intend to sell or expect to be required to sell, credit related impairment is recognized in earnings, with the non-credit related impairment recorded in other comprehensive income/(loss). During fiscal 2011 and fiscal 2010 no impairment charges were recorded. Gains or losses on sales of securities of all classifications are recognized based on the specific identification method. Loans Held-for-Sale Loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value. The valuation methodology for loans held for sale are based upon offered purchase prices, appraisals, broker price opinions or discounted cash flows. Loans Receivable Loans receivable are carried at unpaid principal balances plus unamortized premiums, purchase accounting mark-to-market adjustments, certain deferred direct loan origination costs and deferred loan origination fees and discounts, less the allowance for loan losses and charge offs. The Bank defers loan origination fees and certain direct loan origination costs and amortizes or accretes such amounts as an adjustment of yield over the contractual lives of the related loans using methodologies which approximate the interest method. Premiums and discounts on loans purchased are amortized or accreted as an adjustment of yield over the contractual lives, of the related loans, adjusted for prepayments when applicable, using methodologies which approximate the interest method. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when they are past due 90 days or more as to contractual obligations or when other circumstances indicate that collection is not probable. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, any interest accrued but not received is reversed against interest income. Payments received on a non-accrual loan are either applied to protection advances, the outstanding principal balance or recorded as interest income, depending on an assessment of the ability to collect the loan. A non-accrual loan is restored to accrual status when principal and interest payments become less than 90 days past due and its future collectability is reasonably assured. The Company defines an impaired loan as a loan for which it is probable, based on current information, that the lender will not collect all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Collateral dependent impaired loans are assessed individually to determine if the loan's current estimated fair value of the property that collateralizes the impaired loan, if any, less costs to sell the property, is less than the recorded investment in the loan. Cash flow dependent loans are assessed individually to determine if the present value of the expected future cash flows is less than the recorded investment in the loan. Smaller balance homogeneous loans are evaluated for impairment collectively unless they are modified in a trouble debt restructure. Such loans include one-to four family residential mortgage loans and consumer loans. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses ("ALLL") The adequacy of the Bank's ALLL is determined, in accordance with the Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (the “Interagency Policy Statement”) released by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency on December 13, 2006 and in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 450 and ASC Topic 310. Compliance with the Interagency Policy Statement includes management's review of the Bank's loan portfolio, including the identification and review of individual problem situations that may affect a borrower's ability to repay. In addition, management reviews the overall portfolio quality through an analysis of delinquency and non-performing loan data, estimates of the value of underlying collateral, current charge-offs and other factors that may affect the portfolio, including a review of regulatory examinations, an assessment of current and expected economic conditions and changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio are all taken into consideration. The ALLL reflects management's evaluation of the loans presenting identified loss potential, as well as the risk inherent in various components of the portfolio. There is a great amount of judgment applied to developing the ALLL. As such, there can never be assurance that the ALLL accurately reflects the actual loss potential inherent in a loan portfolio. Any change in the judgments utilized to develop the ALLL can change the ALLL. Further, any change in the size of the loan portfolio or any of its components could necessitate an increase in the ALLL even though there may not be a decline in credit quality or an increase in potential problem loans. General Reserve Allowance Carver's maintenance of a general reserve allowance in accordance with ASC Topic 450 includes Carver's evaluating the risk to loss potential of homogeneous pools of loans based upon a review of 10 different factors that are then applied to each pool. The pools of loans (“Loan Type”) are: 1-4 Family Construction Multifamily Commercial Real Estate Business Loans SBA Loans Other (Consumer and Overdraft Accounts) The pools are further segregated into the following risk rating classes: Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss The Bank next applies to each pool a risk factor that determines the level of general reserves for that specific pool. The risk factors are comprised of actual losses for the most recent four quarters as a percentage of each respective Loan Type plus qualitative factors. As the loss experience for a Loan Type increases or decreases, the level of reserves required for that particular Loan Type also increases or decreases. Because actual loss experience may not adequately predict the level of losses inherent in a portfolio, the Bank reviews nine qualitative factors to determine if reserves should be adjusted based upon any of those factors. As the risk ratings worsen some of the qualitative factors tend to increase. The nine qualitative factors the Bank considers and may utilize are:
1. | Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses (Policy & Procedures).
2. | Changes in relevant economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various market segments. (Economy).
3. | Changes in the nature or volume of the loan portfolio and in the terms of loans (Nature & Volume).
4. | Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff (Management).
5. | Changes in the volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of nonaccrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified loans (Problem Assets).
6. | Changes in the quality of the loan review system (Loan Review).
7. | Changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans (Collateral Values).
8. | The existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations (Concentrations).
9. | The effect of other external forces such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the existing portfolio (External Forces).
Specific Reserve Allowance Carver also maintains a specific reserve allowance for Criticized & Classified loans individually reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 310 guidelines and deemed to be impaired. ASC Topic 310 is the primary basis for determining if a loan is impaired, and if impaired, valuing the impairment amount of specific loans whose collectability has been called into question. The amount assigned to this aspect of the ALLL is the individually-determined (i.e., loan-by-loan) portion thereof. The standard requires the use of one of three approved methods to estimate the amount to be reserved and/or charged off for such credits. The three methods are as follows: 1.The present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, 2.The loan's observable market price, or 3.The fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The institution may choose the appropriate ASC Topic 310 measurement on a loan-by-loan basis for an individually impaired loan, except for an impaired collateral-dependent loan. Guidance requires impairment of a collateral dependent loan to be measured using the fair value of collateral method. A loan is considered "collateral dependent" when the repayment of the debt will be provided solely by the underlying collateral, and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment. Criticized and Classified loans with at risk balances of $500,000 or more and loans below $500,000 that the Credit Officer deems appropriate for review, are identified and reviewed for individual evaluation for impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 310, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan. Carver also performs impairment analysis for all troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). If it is determined that it is probable the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due according with the contractual terms of the loan agreement, the loan is categorized as impaired. If the loan is determined to be not impaired, it is then placed in the appropriate pool of Criticized & Classified loans to be evaluated for potential losses. Loans determined to be impaired are then evaluated to determine the measure of impairment amount based on one of the three measurement methods noted above. If it is determined that there is an impairment amount, the Bank then determines whether the impairment amount is permanent (that is a confirmed loss), in which case the impairment is written down, or if it is other than permanent, in which case the Bank establishes a specific valuation reserve that is included in the total ALLL. In accordance with ASC 310, if there is no impairment amount, no reserve is established for the loan. Troubled Debt Restructured Loans Troubled debt restructured loans ("TDRs") are those loans whose terms have been modified because of deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower. Modifications could include extension of the terms of the loan, reduced interest rates, and forgiveness of accrued interest and/or principal. Once an obligation has been restructured because of such credit problems, it continues to be considered a TDR until paid in full. For cash flow dependent loans the Company records an impairment charge equal to the difference between the present value of estimated future cash flows under the restructured terms discounted at the original loan's effective interest rate, and the original loan's carrying value. For a collateral dependent loan, the Company records an impairment when the current estimated fair value of the property that collateralizes the impaired loan, if any, is less than the recorded investment in the loan. TDR loans remain on non-accrual status until they have performed in accordance with the restructured terms for a period of at least 6 months. Carver adopted the ASU 2011-02 guidance with respect to troubled debt restructured loans. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated statement of financial condition or results of operations.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18743-107790 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18854-107790 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) -Number 22 -Paragraph 8 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18861-107790 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18726-107790 + Details
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