FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Disclosures regarding the fair value of financial instruments are required to include, in addition to the carrying value, the fair value of certain financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recorded on and off-balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. Accounting guidance defines financial instruments as cash, evidence of ownership of an entity, or a contract that conveys or imposes on an entity the contractual right or obligation to either receive or deliver cash or another financial instrument. The fair value of a financial instrument is discussed below. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, estimated fair values have been determined by the Bank using the best available data and estimation methodology suitable for each such category of financial instruments. For those loans and deposits with floating interest rates, it is presumed that estimated fair values generally approximate their recorded carrying value. The Bank's primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Fluctuations in interest rates will ultimately impact the Bank's fair value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, other than those which are short-term in maturity.

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Bank's financial instruments and estimation methodologies at March 31 are as follows:



	March 31, 2017
$ in thousands	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	58,686	$	58,686	$	58,686	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash	283		283		—		283		—
Available-for-sale securities	59,011		59,011		—		58,608		403
FHLB Stock	2,171		2,171		—		2,171		—
Held-to-maturity securities	13,435		13,497		—		13,497		—
Loans receivable	540,492		543,929		—		—		543,929
Loans held-for-sale	944		944		—		—		944
Accrued interest receivable	1,583		1,583		—		1,583		—
Mortgage servicing rights	192		192		—		—		192
Other assets - Interest-bearing deposits	985		985		—		985		—
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits	$	579,176	$	548,902	$	313,430	$	235,472	$	—
Advances from FHLB of New York	30,000		29,994		—		29,994		—
Other borrowed money	19,403		18,896		—		18,896		—
Accrued interest payable	390		390		—		390		—



	March 31, 2016
$ in thousands	Carrying Amount Restated ⁽¹⁾		Estimated Fair Value Restated ⁽¹⁾		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Restated ⁽¹⁾		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Restated ⁽¹⁾		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Restated ⁽¹⁾
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents - Restated ⁽¹⁾	$	63,188	$	63,188	$	63,188	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash	225		225		—		225		—
Available-for-sale securities	56,180		56,180		—		55,987		193
FHLB Stock	2,883		2,883		—		2,883		—
Securities held-to-maturity	15,311		15,653		—		15,653		—
Loans receivable - Restated ⁽¹⁾	583,396		586,162		—		—		586,162
Loans held-for-sale - Restated ⁽¹⁾	2,436		2,436		—		—		2,436
Accrued interest receivable - Restated ⁽¹⁾	2,420		2,420		—		2,420		—
Mortgage servicing rights	201		201		—		—		201
Other assets - Interest-bearing deposits	983		983		—		983		—
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits	$	606,741	$	585,394	$	329,398	$	255,996	$	—
Advances from FHLB of New York	50,000		50,141		—		50,141		—
Other borrowed money	18,403		18,734		—		18,734		—
Accrued interest payable - Restated ⁽¹⁾	2,331		2,331		—		2,331		—

⁽¹⁾March 31, 2016 balances have been restated from previously reported results to correct for material and certain other errors from prior periods. Refer to Notes 1 and 19 for further detail.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value and are classified as Level 1 because they mature in three months or less.

Restricted Cash

The carrying amounts for restricted cash approximates fair value and are classified as Level 2 because they represent short-term interest-bearing deposits.

Securities

The fair values for securities available-for-sale and securities held-to-maturity are based on quoted market or dealer prices, if available. If quoted market or dealer prices are not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market or dealer prices for similar securities. Available-for-sale securities are classified across Levels 2 and 3. Held-to-maturity securities are classified as Level 2.

FHLB Stock

Ownership in equity securities of the FHLB is restricted and there is no established market for resale. The carrying amount is at cost, and is classified as Level 2.

Loans Receivable

The fair value of loans receivable is estimated by discounting future cash flows, using current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities of such loans. The method used to estimate the fair value of loans is extremely sensitive to the assumptions and estimates used. While management has attempted to use assumptions and estimates that best reflect the Company's loan portfolio and current market conditions, a greater degree of objectivity is inherent in these values than in those determined in active markets. The loan valuations thus determined do not necessarily represent an “exit” price that would be achieved in an active market. Loans receivable are classified as Level 3.

Loans Held-for-Sale

Loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value and are classified as Level 3. The valuation methodology for loans held-for-sale are based upon amounts offered or other acceptable valuation methods and, in some instances, prior loan loss experience of Carver in connection with recent note sales.

Accrued Interest Receivable

The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

The fair value of mortgage servicing rights is determined by discounting the present value of estimated future servicing cash flows using current market assumptions for prepayments, servicing costs and other factors and are classified as Level 3.

Interest-Bearing Deposits

The carrying amounts for interest-bearing deposits approximates fair value and are classified as Level 2 because they represent interest-bearing deposits with a maturity greater than one year.

Deposits

The fair value of demand, savings and club accounts is equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. These deposits are classified as Level 1. The fair value of certificates of deposit is estimated using rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities resulting in a Level 2 classification. The fair value estimates do not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market.

FHLB-NY Advances, Repos and Other Borrowed Money

The fair values of advances from the FHLB-NY, Repos and other borrowed money are estimated using the rates currently available to the Bank for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities and are classified as Level 2.

Accrued Interest Payable

The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Commitments to Extend Credits, Commercial, and Standby Letters of Credit

The fair value of the commitments to extend credit was estimated to be immaterial as of March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016. The fair value of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit was evaluated using fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the risk characteristics of the borrower, and estimated to be insignificant as of the reporting date.