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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | NOTE 1 – NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Greenpro Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated on July 19, 2013 in the state of Nevada, and in 2015 changed its name to Greenpro Capital Corp. The Company currently provides a wide range of business consulting and corporate advisory services including cross-border listing advisory services, tax planning, advisory and transaction services, record management services, and accounting outsourcing services. As part of our business consulting and corporate advisory business segment, Greenpro Venture Capital Limited provides a business incubator for start-up and high growth companies during their critical growth period and focuses on investments in select start-up and high growth potential companies. In addition to our business consulting and corporate advisory business segment, we operate another business segment that focuses on the acquisition and rental of real estate properties held for investment and the and sale of real estate properties held for sale. Our focus is on companies located in South-East Asia and East Asia including Hong Kong, the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”), Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore. Going Concern The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying financial statements, for the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company incurred a net loss of $1,349,478 and used cash in operating activities of $1,433,371 and at December 31, 2019, the Company had a working capital deficiency of $2,078,026. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date that the financial statements are issued. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon improving its profitability and the continuing financial support from its shareholders. Management believes the existing shareholders or external financing will provide the additional cash to meet the Company’s obligations as they become due. No assurance can be given that any future financing, if needed, will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to the Company. Even if the Company can obtain additional financing, if needed, it may contain undue restrictions on its operations, in the case of debt financing, or cause substantial dilution for its stockholders, in the case of equity financing Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and majority-owned subsidiaries which the Company controls and entities for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. For those consolidated subsidiaries where the Company’s ownership is less than 100%, the outside shareholders’ interests are shown as noncontrolling interests in equity. Acquired businesses are included in the consolidated financial statements from the dates of acquisition. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant accounting estimates include certain assumptions related to, among others, the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, impairment analysis of real estate assets and other long-term assets including goodwill, estimates inherent in recording purchase price allocation, valuation allowance on deferred income taxes, the assumptions used in the valuation of the derivative liability, and the accrual of potential liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Revenue recognition The Company follows the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASC 606 creates a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of contracts, which includes (1) identifying the contracts or agreements with a customer, (2) identifying our performance obligations in the contract or agreement, (3) determining the transaction price, (4) allocating the transaction price to the separate performance obligations, and (5) recognizing revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the services it transfers to its clients. (see Note 2). Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash Cash consists of funds on hand and held in bank accounts. Cash equivalents includes demand deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, including money market funds. Restricted cash represents cash restricted for the loan collateral requirements as defined in a loan agreement, and also the minimum paid-up share capital requirement for insurance brokers specified under the Insurance Ordinance of Hong Kong. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, cash included funds held by employees of $33,096 and $5,663, respectively and was held to facilitate payment of expenses in local currencies and to facilitate third-party online payment platforms which the Company had not set up corporate accounts for (WeChat Pay and Alipay).
|  | December 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominated in United States Dollars |  | $ | 337,960 |  |  | $ | 764,839 |
Denominated in Hong Kong Dollars |  |  | 393,062 |  |  |  | 944,872 |
Denominated in Chinese Renminbi |  |  | 494,870 |  |  |  | 409,908 |
Denominated in Malaysian Ringgit |  |  | 30,847 |  |  |  | 52,429 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  | $ | 1,256,739 |  |  | $ | 2,172,048 |
Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount less an allowance for any uncollectible accounts. Management reviews the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts on an ongoing basis, using historical collection trends and aging of receivables. Management also periodically evaluates individual customer’s financial condition, credit history and the current economic conditions to make adjustments to the allowance when it is considered necessary. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.
|  | As of December 31, 2019 |  |  | As of December 31, 2018 |
Accounts receivable, gross |  | $ | 268,153 |  |  | $ | 267,856 |
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | (46,624 | ) |  |  | (79,802 | )
Accounts receivable, net |  | $ | 221,529 |  |  | $ | 188,054 |
Property and equipment, net Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:
Categories |  | Estimated useful life
Office leaseholds |  | 27 years
Furniture and fixtures |  | 3 - 10 years
Office equipment |  | 3 - 10 years
Leasehold improvements |  | Over the shorter of estimated useful life or term of lease
Office leaseholds represents three adjoining office units used by the Company located in a commercial building in Shenzhen, China. The office leasehold is subject to a land lease with a term of 27 years and is being amortized over the remaining lease term. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation and amortization expense, classified as operating expenses, was $138,194 and $143,359 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Management assesses the carrying value of property and equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If there is indication of impairment, management prepares an estimate of future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If these cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized to write down the asset to its estimated fair value. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company determined there were no indicators of impairment of its property and equipment. Real estate held for sale Real estate held for sale is reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. The cost of real estate held for sale includes the purchase price of property, legal fees, improvement costs to the building structure, and other acquisition costs. We actively market all properties that are designated as held for sale. Real estate held for sale is not depreciated. In conducting its reviews for indicators of impairment, the Company evaluates, among other things, the margins on units already sold within the project, margins on units under contract but not closed (none as of December 31, 2019), and projected margin on future unit sales. The Company pays close attention to discern if the real estate held for sale is moving at a slower than expected pace or where margins are trending downward. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company determined there were no indicators of impairment of its real estate held for sale. Real estate held for investment, net Real estate held for investment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:
Categories |  | Estimated useful life
Office leaseholds |  | 50 years
Furniture and fixtures |  | 3 – 10 years
Office equipment |  | 3 – 10 years
Leasehold improvements |  | Shorter of the estimated useful life or term of lease
Office leaseholds represent three office units owned by the Company located in two commercial buildings in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Depreciation and amortization expense, classified as cost of rental, was $32,419 and $32,917 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Management assesses the carrying value of real estate held for investment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If there is indication of impairment, management prepares an estimate of future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If these cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized to write down the asset to its estimated fair value. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company determined there were no indicators of impairment of its real estate held for investment. Intangible assets, net Amortizable identifiable intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization, and represent customer lists and an insurance agency license acquired in business combinations, and certain trademarks registered in Hong Kong, the PRC, and Malaysia. Amortization is calculated on the straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:
Categories |  | Estimated useful life
Customer lists |  | 5 years
Insurance agency license |  | 2 years
Trademarks |  | 10 years
Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $95,136 and $90,581, respectively. The Company follows ASC 360 in accounting for intangible assets, which requires impairment losses to be recorded when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the assets are less than the assets’ carrying amounts. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded impairments of intangible assets of $0 and $105,000, respectively (see Note 8). Goodwill Goodwill is the excess of cost of an acquired entity over the fair value of amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Under the guidance of ASC 350, goodwill is not amortized, rather it is tested for impairment annually, and will be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. An impairment loss generally would be recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit and would be measured as the excess carrying value of goodwill over the derived fair value of goodwill. The Company’s policy is to perform an annual impairment testing for its reporting units on December 31, of each fiscal year. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded impairments of goodwill of $0 and $892,137, respectively (See Note 8). Impairment of long-lived assets Long-lived assets primarily include real estate held for investment, property and equipment and intangible assets. In accordance with the provision of ASC 360, the Company generally conducts its annual impairment evaluation to its long-lived assets, usually in the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, such as a significant sustained change in the business climate. The recoverability of long-lived assets is measured at the reporting unit level. If the total of the expected undiscounted future net cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of the asset. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company determined there were no indicators of impairment of its real estate held for investment and its property and equipment. Investments Investments in equity securities The Company accounts for its investments that represent less than 20% ownership, and for which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence, using ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The Company measures its equity investments at their fair value at the end of each reporting period, unless there is no readily determinable fair value. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are accounted for at cost and assessed for impairment at each reporting period. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had two investments in equity securities of related parties valued at $53,363 and $53,371, respectively. Investments under the equity method The Company applies the equity method to investments in common stock when we possess the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the operating and financial policies of the investee. The ability to exercise significant influence is generally presumed when the investor possesses 20% or more of the voting interests of the investee. In applying the equity method, we record the investment at cost and subsequently increase or decrease the carrying amount of the investment by our proportionate share of the net earnings or losses and other comprehensive income of the investee. We generally stop applying the equity method when our share of the investee’s net losses has reduced our investment to zero unless we have additional investments in the investee at risk or have committed financial support to the investee. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had two investments accounted for under the equity method that were valued at zero. Leases Prior to January 1, 2019, the Company accounted for leases under ASC 840, Accounting for Leases. Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the guidance of ASC 842, Leases, which requires an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for virtually all leases. The implementation of ASC 842 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and did not have a significant impact on our liquidity or on our compliance with our financial covenants associated with our loans. The Company adopted ASC 842 using a modified retrospective approach. As a result, the comparative financial information has not been updated and the required disclosures prior to the date of adoption have not been updated and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2019 resulted in the initial recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets of $582,647, lease liabilities for operating leases of $582,647, and a zero cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit (see Note 9). Derivative financial instruments The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statements of operations. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative instrument liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether net-cash settlement of the derivative instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date. At each reporting date, the Company reviews its convertible securities to determine that their classification is appropriate. Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach which allows for the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain. The Company conducts major businesses in Hong Kong, Malaysia, China and Australia, and is subject to tax in these jurisdictions. As a result of its business activities, the Company will file separate tax returns that are subject to examination by the foreign tax authorities. Net loss per share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, adjusted for the dilutive effect of outstanding common stock equivalents. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the only outstanding common stock equivalents were warrants for 53,556 potentially dilutive shares outstanding that have been excluded from the calculation of weighted average shares as the effect would have been anti-dilutive and therefore basic and diluted net loss per share were the same. Foreign currencies translation The reporting currency of the Company is the United States Dollars (“US$”) and the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been expressed in US$. In addition, the Company’s operating subsidiaries maintain their books and records in their respective local currency, which consists of Malaysian Ringgit (“MYR”), Renminbi (“RMB”), Hong Kong Dollars (“HK$”) and Australian Dollars (“AU$”), which is also the respective functional currency of subsidiaries. In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the US$ are translated into US$ using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of a foreign subsidiary are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within equity. Translation of amounts from the local currencies of the Company into US$ has been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:
|  | As of and for the years ended December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Period-end MYR : US$1 exchange rate |  |  | 4.09 |  |  |  | 4.13 |
Period-average MYR : US$1 exchange rate |  |  | 4.14 |  |  |  | 4.04 |
Period-end RMB : US$1 exchange rate |  |  | 6.96 |  |  |  | 6.88 |
Period-average RMB : US$1 exchange rate |  |  | 6.90 |  |  |  | 6.63 |
Period-end HK$ : US$1 exchange rate |  |  | 7.79 |  |  |  | 7.75 |
Period-average HK$ : US$1 exchange rate |  |  | 7.81 |  |  |  | 7.75 |
Period-end AU$ : US$1 exchange rate |  |  | 1.42 |  |  |  | 1.42 |
Period-average AU$: US$1 exchange rate |  |  | 1.43 |  |  |  | 1.34 |
Comprehensive income Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income consists of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments. Fair value of financial instruments The Company follows the guidance of the ASC 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820-10”), with respect to financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value. ASC 820-10 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
● | Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
● | Level 2: Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
● | Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions
The Company believes the carrying amount reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, deferred revenue, and due to related parties, approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s balance sheet includes Level 2 liabilities comprised of the fair value of derivative liabilities of $28,545 and $241,923, respectively (see Note 10). The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the estimated fair value of our derivative during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:
|  | Year ended December 31, 2019 |  |  | Year ended December 31, 2018 |
Fair value at beginning of period |  | $ | 241,923 |  |  | $ | - |
Recognition of derivative liabilities upon initial valuation |  |  | - |  |  |  | 508,589 |
Net change in the fair value of derivative liabilities |  |  | (213,378 | ) |  |  | (266,666 | )
Fair value at end of period |  | $ | 28,545 |  |  | $ | 241,923 |
Concentrations of risks For the year ended December 31, 2019, three customers accounted for 30% (16%, 7% and 7%, respectively) of revenue and three customers accounted for 58% (32%, 22% and 4%, respectively) of accounts receivable at year-end. For the year ended December 31, 2018, no customer accounted for 10% or more of the service revenue or accounts receivable at year-end. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, no vendor accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s cost of revenues, or accounts payable at year-end. Exchange rate risk The reporting currency of the Company is US$ but the major revenues and costs are denominated in MYR, RMB and HK$, and a significant portion of the assets and liabilities are denominated in MYR, RMB and HK$. As a result, the Company is exposed to a foreign exchange risk as its revenues and results of operations may be affected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between US$ and MYR, US$ and RMB or US$ and HK$. If MYR, RMB or HK$ depreciates against US$, the values of the MYR, RMB or HK$ revenues and assets when convert and report to the Company’s US$ financial statements will accordingly decline. The Company does not hold any derivative or other financial instruments that may expose it to a substantial market risk. Risks and uncertainties Substantially all the Company’s services are conducted in Hong Kong, the PRC, Malaysia, Thailand, Taiwan, and the South-East Asia region. The Company’s operations are subject to various political and economic risks, including the risks of restrictions on transfer of funds, export duties, quotas and embargoes, changing taxation policies, and political conditions and governmental regulations, and the adverse impact of the coronavirus outbreak. Recent accounting pronouncements In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” The standard eliminates the second step in the goodwill impairment test which requires an entity to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. Instead, an entity should recognize an impairment loss if the carrying value of the net assets assigned to the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, with the impairment loss not to exceed the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The standard is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests conducted in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of ASU 2017-04 will have a material effect on its financial statements and related disclosures. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASC 326”). The standard significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets, including accounts and notes receivables. The standard will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model, under which companies will recognize allowances based on expected rather than incurred losses. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this standard on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures. Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure, and significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. May be provided in more than one note to the financial statements, as long as users are provided with an understanding of (1) the significant judgments and assumptions made by an enterprise in determining whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement with a VIE, (2) the nature of restrictions on a consolidated VIE's assets reported by an enterprise in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets, (3) the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with an enterprise's involvement with the VIE, and (4) how an enterprise's involvement with the VIE affects the enterprise's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Describes procedure if disclosures are provided in more than one note to the financial statements. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 205 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122149 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 810 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2197479 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134479 + Details
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