As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 26, 2025

Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 2860 |  | 86-1256660
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2261 Market Street, Suite 5447
San Francisco, CA 94114
(415) 325-5912

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Daniel Widmaier
Chief Executive Officer
2261 Market Street, Suite 5447
San Francisco, CA 94114
(415) 325-5912

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Drew Capurro
Latham & Watkins LLP
650 Town Center Drive, 20th Floor

Costa Mesa, CA 92626

(714) 540-1235

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☒
|  | Emerging growth company | ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be issued or sold until the registration statement filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS | Subject to Completion, dated September 26, 2025

Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc.

Up to 20,085,588 shares of common stock by the Selling Stockholder

This prospectus relates to the potential offer and sale from time to time by Ascent Partners Fund LLC (“Ascent” or the “Selling Stockholder”) of up to 20,085,588 shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“common stock”), consisting of (i) up to 20,000,000 shares of common stock (the “Purchase Shares”) that we have the right from time to time at our option to sell to the Selling Stockholder, pursuant to an equity purchase agreement, dated as of September 12, 2025, by and between us and the Selling Stockholder (the “Purchase Agreement”) establishing an equity line of credit facility (the “ELOC”) and (ii) 85,588 shares of common stock (the “Commitment Shares” and, together with the Purchase Shares, the “Shares”) we issued to the Selling Stockholder as consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of our common stock from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of our common stock by the Selling Stockholder. However, we may receive up to $20.0 million in aggregate gross proceeds from the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement in connection with sales of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement after the date of this prospectus. See “The Equity Line of Credit Facility” for a description of the Purchase Agreement and the ELOC and “Selling Stockholder” for additional information regarding Ascent.

The Selling Stockholder may, from time to time, offer, sell or distribute any or all of its Shares covered by this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. We will bear all costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of these Shares, including with regard to compliance with state securities or “blue sky” laws. The timing and amount of any sale are within the sole discretion of the Selling Stockholder. The Selling Stockholder is an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and any profit on the sale of the Shares by it and any discounts, commissions or concessions received by it may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Although the Selling Stockholder is obligated to purchase our common stock under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, to the extent we choose to sell such common stock to it (subject to certain conditions), there can be no assurances that the Selling Stockholder will sell pursuant to this prospectus any or all of the common stock purchased under the Purchase Agreement. The Selling Stockholder will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to its sale the Shares. See the section entitled “Plan of Distribution” located elsewhere in this prospectus.

Our common stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Global Market (“Nasdaq”) and trades under the symbol “BSLK”. On September 25, 2025, the closing price of our common stock was $3.96 per share.

We are an “emerging growth company” and “smaller reporting company” for purposes of federal securities laws and are subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. Accordingly, the information in this prospectus may not be comparable to information provided by companies that are not emerging growth companies or smaller reporting companies.

INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES INVOLVES RISKS THAT ARE DESCRIBED IN THE “RISK FACTORS” SECTION BEGINNING ON PAGE 7 OF THIS PROSPECTUS.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the securities to be issued under this prospectus or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is , 2025.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS |  | iii
SUMMARY OF THE PROSPECTUS |  | 1
THE OFFERING |  | 6
RISK FACTORS |  | 7
THE EQUITY LINE OF CREDIT FACILITY |  | 32
USE OF PROCEEDS |  | 36
DIVIDEND POLICY |  | 37
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |  | 38
BUSINESS |  | 61
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK |  | 68
BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP |  | 71
SELLING STOCKHOLDER |  | 73
MANAGEMENT |  | 75
EXECUTIVE AND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION |  | 81
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS |  | 89
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION |  | 92
LEGAL MATTERS |  | 93
EXPERTS |  | 93
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION |  | 94
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |  | F-1

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. No one has been authorized to provide you with information that is different from that contained in this prospectus. This prospectus is dated as of the date set forth on the cover hereof. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than that date.

For investors outside the United States: We have not done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. You are required to inform yourselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus.

i

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, the Selling Stockholder may, from time to time, sell the securities offered by it described in this prospectus. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale by the Selling Stockholder of the securities offered by it described in this prospectus. However, we may receive up to $20.0 million in aggregate gross proceeds from the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement in connection with sales of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement after the date of this prospectus.

We may also file a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, you should rely on the prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, as applicable. Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read this prospectus, any post-effective amendment, and any applicable prospectus supplement, together with the additional information described in the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder has authorized anyone to provide you with any information other than that provided in this prospectus, as well as any information incorporated by reference into this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder can provide any assurance as to the reliability of any other information that others may give you. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder is making an offer of these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any documents incorporated by reference is accurate as of any date other than the date of the applicable document. Since the respective dates of this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed.

This prospectus contains, and any post-effective amendment or any prospectus supplement may contain, market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based on independent industry publications and other publicly available information. We believe this information is reliable as of the applicable date of its publication, however, we have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the information included in or assumptions relied on in these third-party publications. In addition, the market and industry data and forecasts that may be included in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment or any prospectus supplement may involve estimates, assumptions and other risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” contained in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment and the applicable prospectus supplement. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information.

We own or have rights to trademarks, trade names and service marks that we use in connection with the operation of our business. In addition, our name, logos and website name and address are our trademarks or service marks. Solely for convenience, in some cases, the trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this prospectus are listed without the applicable ®, ™ and SM symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to these trademarks, trade names and service marks. Other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this prospectus to the “Company,” “Bolt,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms refer to Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

ii

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this prospectus may constitute “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our or our management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements in this prospectus may include, for example, statements about:

| ● | Our history of losses and negative cash flows from operations and the need for substantial capital raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

| ● | We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all our debt obligations and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our debt obligations, which may not be successful.

| ● | We have a history of net losses and may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in the future.

| ● | Unless we are successful in our appeal to Nasdaq, our securities will be delisted from Nasdaq. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in our appeal or be able to remain listed on Nasdaq.

| ● | We may incur significant expenses and capital expenditures in the future to execute our business plan and we may be unable to adequately control our expenses or raise additional capital on favorable terms, if at all.

| ● | Our revenue is primarily generated from sales of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform, and we are therefore highly dependent on the success of this product.

| ● | Our Vegan Silk Technology Platform has limited product and brand recognition within the beauty and personal care market as a substitute for silicone elastomers.

| ● | Our Vegan Silk Technology Platform and future biomaterial product candidates may not achieve market success, and, if our products do not achieve market success, we may be unable to generate significant revenues.

| ● | We currently rely on a single manufacturing partner and manufacturing facility for the production of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform and in the future intend to rely on a small number of manufacturing partners and manufacturing facilities both in the U.S. and internationally.

| ● | A limited number of customers, distributors and collaboration partners account for a material portion of our revenue, and they may continue to do so for the foreseeable future. The loss of major customers, distributors or collaboration partners could harm our operating results.

| ● | Certain contracts granting exclusivity rights to customers may limit our ability to sell products in certain markets.

iii

| ● | We may face substantial competition from incumbent materials as well as other new entrants, and if we are unable to continue developing innovative products and technologies and/or scale our production of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform, we may fail to gain, or may lose, market share to our competitors.

| ● | We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to remediate these material weaknesses, or if we identify additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect investor confidence in, and the value of, our common stock.

| ● | We may not be able to protect adequately our patents and other intellectual property assets, which could adversely affect our competitive position and reduce the value of our products, and litigation to protect our patents and intellectual property assets may be costly.

| ● | We rely in part on trade secrets to protect our technology, and our failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could limit our ability to compete.

| ● | Other important risk factors that could affect the outcome of the events set forth in these statements and that could affect our operating results and financial condition described in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Part I, Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this prospectus, and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

iv

SUMMARY OF THE PROSPECTUS

This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that is important to you. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information included in this prospectus. Before making your investment decision with respect to our securities, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the information under “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Mission

Bolt Threads was created out of a strong passion and purpose: to pioneer sustainable materials and lead the way to a brighter future, benefiting both humanity and the planet we call home.

It started with two visionary synthetic biology PhDs, driven by a deep fascination with nature’s billions of years of invention, especially the intricate world of spider webs. They believed in the potential to replace harmful materials within the consumer goods industry with sustainable alternatives — one material at a time.

Drawing on 3.8 billion years of life on earth, we established a company rooted in the power of biology - and therefore biotechnology - to discover multiple new biomaterials, addressing pressing challenges for both our customers and the world.

Our aspiration is to transform the global consumer goods industry, starting in beauty and personal care with ingredients that are better for the environment while improving product performance.

In short: way better materials, for a way better world.

Overview

Bolt harnesses biotechnology to build biomaterials that aims to disrupt and transform high-volume consumer goods industries. We are a pioneer in the consumer biomaterials space. Our first offering, the Vegan Silk Technology Platform currently includes b-silk and xl-silk, which are fully biodegradable, film-forming, versatile and functional ingredients for the beauty and personal care industry. Our first output from this Platform, b-silk, has been on the market since 2019. This Platform is backed by a patent portfolio that includes 80 granted patents and 116 pending patent applications. Further, we have developed substantial trade secrets and expertise over more than 13 years of development and more than $300 million invested in research and product development.

In early 2023, we made a strategic decision to discontinue the development of our other product candidates and focus entirely on the Vegan Silk Technology Platform, reinforcing our commitment to high-impact, scalable innovation. By discontinuing the development of all other product candidates, and concentrating our resources and expertise, we are accelerating the commercialization of biotechnology ingredients for the beauty and personal care industry, unlocking new applications and long-term value for our investors, partners, and customers.

We have a history of net losses, including a net loss of $65.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $10.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2025, our accumulated deficit was $472.3 million.

Moving forward, we are committed to developing the Vegan Silk Technology Platform as our foundation for a high-value, scalable business with attractive costs and margins. Over time, we believe this will enable us to reinvest in our broader portfolio and expand our Vegan Silk Technology Platform to include additional sustainable materials that support our mission of building biomaterial platforms for high-volume consumer goods brands.

Background

The registrant was incorporated as Golden Arrow Merger Corp. (“GAMC”) on December 31, 2020. On August 13, 2024, we closed the Business Combination with Bolt Threads, Inc. (“Bolt Threads”), as a result of which Bolt Threads became a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours, and we changed our name to Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. (“Bolt”).

1

The Equity Line of Credit Facility

On September 12, 2025, we entered into the Purchase Agreement and related registration rights agreement, dated as of September 12, 2025 (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), with the Selling Stockholder relating to the ELOC. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have the right from time to time at our option to sell to the Selling Stockholder up to $20.0 million of our common stock, subject to certain customary conditions and limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement, including that (i) the Selling Stockholder is not obligated to purchase or acquire any shares of common stock that would result in its beneficial ownership exceeding 9.99% of our then-outstanding voting power and (ii) the Selling Stockholder is not obligated to purchase shares of common stock if the volume weighted average price for the common stock on an Advance Notice Date (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) is less than $1.00 (the “Floor Price”).

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation, to direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase shares of common stock at our sole discretion from time to time until the earlier of (i) the first day of the month following the 36-month period after the effective date of a registration statement registering the resale of the common stock sold to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and (ii) $20.0 million of common stock having been sold to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. To initiate a purchase, we must deliver written notice to the Selling Stockholder before trading begins on any trading day. The purchase price of the shares (the “Share Price”) will be determined based on the timing and conditions of an advance notice (each, an “Advance Notice”). If an Advance Notice is received before 8:01 a.m. Eastern Time on a trading day and the amount is between $25,000 and $500,000, the price will be 96% of the lowest volume-weighted average price in the ten trading days immediately preceding the delivery of the notice, provided, that if such closing of the Advance Notice happens and 96% of the lowest daily VWAP in the 10 trading days following such closing is lower than such Share Price, then we shall issue additional shares of common stock to the Selling Stockholder so that the total number of shares of common stock received by the Selling Stockholder is equal to the number of shares of common stock it would have received for the aggregate purchase price paid at such closing for such shares if the shares of common stock had been valued at such lower price. Alternatively, if the notice is received between 8:01 a.m. and 9:15 a.m. Eastern Time on a trading day, and the pre-market stock price is at least 150% of the prior day’s closing price, the notice amount must not exceed $5.0 million. In this case, the Share Price will be the lesser of: (i) the average of the daily volume-weighted average price of the common stock on the trading day before the notice is delivered and the volume-weighted average price on the day of the notice, or (ii) 96% of the lowest daily volume-weighted average price over the trading days required for the Selling Stockholder to fully sell the shares underlying the notice.

Sales of common stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, and the timing of any sales, will be determined by us from time to time in our sole discretion and will depend on a variety of factors, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of shares of common stock and determinations by us regarding the use of proceeds of such sales. The net proceeds from any sales under the Purchase Agreement will depend on the frequency with, and prices at, which the shares of common stock are sold to the Selling Stockholder. We expect to use the proceeds from any sales under the Purchase Agreement for working capital and general corporate purposes.

Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, we have agreed not to engage in any other “at the market offering” or “equity line of credit” transaction during the term of the Purchase Agreement.

2

As consideration for the Selling Stockholder’s irrevocable commitment to purchase the shares of Common Stock upon the terms and subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, we agreed to issue 85,588 Commitment Shares to the Selling Stockholder.

We have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time after commencement, at no cost or penalty, upon five trading days’ prior written notice. No termination of the Purchase Agreement will alter or otherwise affect the Company’s obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement. The Selling Stockholder has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement upon ten trading days’ prior written notice to us of an occurrence of a material and uncured breach or default by us, and, if such breach or default is capable of being cured, such breach or default is not cured within fifteen trading days after notice of such breach or default is delivered to us.

The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, conditions and indemnification obligations by each party. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Purchase Agreement were made only for purposes of the Purchase Agreement and as of specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreements and are subject to certain important limitations.

In connection with our entry into the Purchase Agreement, we also entered into the Registration Rights Agreement with the Selling Stockholder, pursuant to which we agreed to register for resale, pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the shares of common stock that may be sold to the Selling Stockholder under the ELOC and the Commitment Shares.

Stock Exchange Listing

Our common stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Global Market and trades under the symbol “BSLK”. As discussed in “Risk Factors,” we have received notice of certain deficiencies with the continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Global Market, and on August 12, 2025 we received another letter from Nasdaq stating that, as a result of our continued non-compliance, our securities would be delisted from Nasdaq unless we appeal the delisting determination by requesting a hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”). Our hearing before the Panel to appeal the delisting determination was held on September 16, 2025, and a decision is forthcoming. As a result, the delisting action has been stayed, pending a final written decision by the Panel. Our securities will remain listed and eligible for trading on Nasdaq at least pending the ultimate conclusion of the hearing process; however, there can be no assurance that we will ultimately regain compliance and remain listed on Nasdaq.

Risk Factors and Risk Factor Summary

Investing in our securities involves risks. You should carefully consider the risks described in “Risk Factors” before making a decision to invest in our securities. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition and results of operations would likely be materially adversely affected. Some of the risks related to an investment in our securities are summarized below:

| ● | Our history of losses and negative cash flows from operations and the need for substantial capital raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

| ● | We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all our debt obligations and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our debt obligations, which may not be successful.

| ● | We have a history of net losses and may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in the future.

| ● | Unless we are successful in our appeal to Nasdaq, our securities will be delisted from Nasdaq. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in our appeal or be able to remain listed on Nasdaq.

3

| ● | We may incur significant expenses and capital expenditures in the future to execute our business plan and we may be unable to adequately control our expenses or raise additional capital on favorable terms, if at all.

| ● | Our revenue is primarily generated from sales of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform, and we are therefore highly dependent on the success of this product.

| ● | Our Vegan Silk Technology Platform has limited product and brand recognition within the beauty and personal care market as a substitute for silicone elastomers.

| ● | Our Vegan Silk Technology Platform and future biomaterial product candidates may not achieve market success, and, if our products do not achieve market success, we may be unable to generate significant revenues.

| ● | We currently rely on a single manufacturing partner and manufacturing facility for the production of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform and in the future intend to rely on a small number of manufacturing partners and manufacturing facilities both in the U.S. and internationally.

| ● | A limited number of customers, distributors and collaboration partners account for a material portion of our revenue, and they may continue to do so for the foreseeable future. The loss of major customers, distributors or collaboration partners could harm our operating results.

| ● | Certain contracts granting exclusivity rights to customers may limit our ability to sell products in certain markets.

| ● | We may face substantial competition from incumbent materials as well as other new entrants, and if we are unable to continue developing innovative products and technologies and/or scale our production of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform, we may fail to gain, or may lose, market share to our competitors.

| ● | We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to remediate these material weaknesses, or if we identify additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect investor confidence in, and the value of, our common stock.

| ● | We may not be able to protect adequately our patents and other intellectual property assets, which could adversely affect our competitive position and reduce the value of our products, and litigation to protect our patents and intellectual property assets may be costly.

| ● | We rely in part on trade secrets to protect our technology, and our failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could limit our ability to compete.

| ● | It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares, if any, we will sell under the Purchase Agreement to the Selling Stockholder, or the actual gross proceeds resulting from those sales.

| ● | Other important risk factors that could affect the outcome of the events set forth in these statements and that could affect our operating results and financial condition described in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Part I, Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.

4

Emerging Growth Company

As a company with less than $1.235 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”). An “emerging growth company” may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:

| ● | not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”);

| ● | not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (i.e., an auditor discussion and analysis);

| ● | reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and

| ● | exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote of stockholders on executive compensation, stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved and having to disclose the ratio of the compensation of our chief executive officer to the median compensation of our employees.

We may take advantage of these provisions until December 31, 2026, the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of GAMC’s initial public offering. However, if (i) our annual gross revenue exceeds $1.235 billion, (ii) we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period or (iii) we become a “large accelerated filer” (as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) prior to the end of such five-year period, we will cease to be an emerging growth company. We will be deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” at such time that we (a) have an aggregate worldwide market value of common equity securities held by non-affiliates of $700.0 million or more as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (b) have been required to file annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act, for a period of at least 12 months and (c) have filed at least one annual report pursuant to the Exchange Act.

We have elected to take advantage of certain of the reduced disclosure obligations in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and may elect to take advantage of other reduced reporting requirements in future filings. As a result, the information that we provide to our stockholders may be different than you might receive from other public reporting companies in which you hold equity interests.

In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.

5

THE OFFERING

Issuer |  | Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc.
Securities being offered by the Selling Stockholder |  | Up to 20,085,588 shares of common stock, consisting of (i) up to 20,000,000 Purchase Shares that we have the right from time to time at our option to sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement and (ii) 85,588 Commitment Shares that we issued to the Selling Stockholder as consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of our common stock from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.
Common stock outstanding before this offering (as of September 22, 2025) |  | 3,706,197 shares.
Use of proceeds |  | We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the Shares by the Selling Stockholder. However, we may receive up to $20.0 million in aggregate gross proceeds from the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement in connection with sales of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement after the date of this prospectus. We intend to use any proceeds from the ELOC for working capital and general corporate purposes. We have agreed to bear the expenses relating to the registration of the Shares. See “Use of Proceeds” for additional information.
Nasdaq symbol for our common stock |  | “BSLK”
Risk factors |  | Any investment in the securities offered hereby is speculative and involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the information set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

On April 21, 2025, we effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of our common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). Unless the context expressly indicates otherwise, all references to share and per share amounts referred to herein reflect the amounts after giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves risks. Before you make a decision to buy our securities, in addition to the risks and uncertainties discussed above under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” you should carefully consider the specific risks set forth herein. If any of these risks actually occur, it may materially harm our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. As a result, the market price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additionally, the risks and uncertainties described in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may become material and adversely affect our business. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes to the financial statements included herein.

Our history of losses and negative cash flows from operations and the need for substantial capital raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

In Note 2 to our interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and our annual consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus, we disclose that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We will need additional capital to support our planned product development and operations. Based upon our current operating plan, we estimate that our cash and cash equivalents as of the issuance date of the consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus are insufficient for us to fund operating, investing, and financing cash flow needs for the twelve months subsequent to the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements. To obtain the capital necessary to fund our operations, we may seek to obtain funds through public or private equity offerings, debt financing transactions, refinancing or restructuring its current debt obligations, or any other means. If we are unable to obtain sufficient funding, we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate all of our sales efforts, our research and development programs, future research and development efforts, and our financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected, and we may be unable to continue as a going concern. Future financial statements may disclose substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. If we seek additional financing to fund our business activities in the future and there remains substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, investors or other financing sources may be unwilling to provide additional funding to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Additionally, even if we raise sufficient capital through additional equity or debt financings, strategic alternatives or otherwise, there can be no assurance that the revenue or capital infusion will be sufficient to enable us to develop our business to a level where it will be profitable or generate positive cash flow. Any equity securities issued may provide rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of our current holders of common stock. If we raise funds by issuing debt securities, these debt securities would have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of common stock and a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on such indebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. The terms of any debt securities issued could also impose significant restrictions on our operations.

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all our debt obligations and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our debt obligations, which may not be successful.

Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt service obligations and other obligations depends on our ability to generate cash in the future and our financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We cannot assure you that we will maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our debt.

If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service and other obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, or to seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our debt. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt obligations. If our operating results and available cash are insufficient to meet our debt service and other obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain the proceeds sought from them, and these proceeds may not be adequate to meet any debt service or other obligations then due. Further, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our debt on or before maturity, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance any of our debt on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

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We have a history of net losses and may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in the future.

We have a history of net losses, including a net loss of $65.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and of $10.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2025, our accumulated deficit was $472.3 million. Since our inception, we have been engaged primarily in research and development and early-stage commercial activities. Because we have a limited history of commercial operations and we operate in a rapidly evolving industry, we cannot be certain that we will generate sufficient revenue to achieve or maintain profitability.

Our ability to generate revenue in the near-term is highly dependent on the successful commercialization of our current and future biomaterials products, including our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products, b-silk and xl-silk, and the decrease in costs of producing such products, both of which are subject to many risks and uncertainties as described below. We expect that it will take time for production of our products to ramp up to a more economical scale thereby decreasing our cost of production. As a result, we may have significant losses and negative cash flow as we work to expand our market share for at least the next few years, as we incur additional costs and expenses for the continued development and expansion of our business, including the costs of establishing capacity with our current manufacturing partner and any future manufacturing partners and ongoing expenses of research, product development, and commercialization. The amount we spend will impact on our ability to become profitable and this will depend, in part, on the number of new products that we attempt to develop and the costs of further commercializing our existing products. We may not achieve any or all of these goals and, thus, we cannot provide assurances that we will ever be profitable. Even if we can successfully produce and sell our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products, whether we will be able to generate a profit on any of these products is highly uncertain and depends on several factors including the cost of production, the price we are able to charge for these products, further market adoption of our products, and the emergence of competing products.

Our operating results may fluctuate significantly because of a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, end market demand, timing of regulatory actions and variation in manufacturing costs, many of which are outside of its control.

We are subject to, among other things, the following factors that may negatively affect our operating results:

| ● | The announcement or introduction of new products by our competitors.

| ● | Fluctuating prices of biomaterials due to availability of raw materials, skepticism of silicone elastomer substitutes, and uncertain rise and fall of current market demands.

| ● | Changing availability of and prices from contract manufacturers, as well as potential modest capital expenditures depending on the infrastructure of various contract manufacturers.

| ● | Our ability to upgrade and develop our systems and infrastructure to accommodate growth.

| ● | Our ability to secure adequate fermentation capacity with our manufacturing partner and any future manufacturing partners.

| ● | Our ability to secure production of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products, and any future biomaterial products at scale.

| ● | Our ability to attract and retain key personnel in a timely and cost-effective manner.

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| ● | Our ability to attract new customers, retain existing customers, and maintain or increase order volume from existing customers.

| ● | Technical difficulties.

| ● | The amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures relating to the expansion of our business, operations and infrastructure.

| ● | Our ability to identify and enter into relationships with appropriate and qualified third-party providers of necessary testing and manufacturing services.

| ● | Regulation by federal, state or local governments; and

| ● | General economic conditions, as well as economic conditions specific to the cosmetics and personal care industry.

As a result of our limited operating history and the nature of the markets in which we compete, it is difficult for us to forecast our revenues or earnings accurately. We have based our anticipated future expense levels largely on our investment plans and estimates of future events, although certain of our expense levels will largely become fixed. As a strategic response to changes in the competitive environment, we may from time to time make certain decisions concerning expenditures, pricing, service or marketing that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition, either for several periods or more generally.

We may incur significant expenses and capital expenditures in the future to execute our business plan and we may be unable to adequately control our expenses or raise additional capital on favorable terms, if at all.

Subject to the availability of the capital, we plan to make capital expenditures and may incur significant capital expenditures in the future as we expand our research and business. In addition, cash requirements relate primarily to working capital needed to operate and grow our business, including funding operating expenses, growth in working capital requirements to support increased revenue, continued expansion of our markets, continued development and expansion of our products, expanding fermentation capacity with our manufacturing partner and any future manufacturing partners, and the possible repayment or refinancing of any long-term debt that may be incurred. Our ability to meet future liquidity needs and capital requirements will depend upon numerous factors, including the timing and quantity of product orders and shipments; attaining and expanding positive gross margins for our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products and future biomaterial products; the timing and amount of our operating expenses; the timing and costs of working capital needs; the timing and costs of expanding our research and development teams; the ability of our customers to continue to order products from us; our ability to obtain financing arrangements to support our operations, including financing arrangements to repay or refinance any long-term debt that may be incurred, and the terms of such agreements that may require us to pledge or restrict substantial amounts of our cash to support these financing arrangements; the timing and costs of hiring and training necessary personnel; the extent to which our products gain more market acceptance; the timing and costs of product development and introductions; the extent of our ongoing and new research and development initiatives; and changes in our strategy or our planned activities. In addition, if we are unable to fund our operations with the cash flows from operations and cannot obtain external financing on favorable terms or at all, we may not be able to sustain future operations which could cause us to delay, reduce or cease operations and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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We may be able to incur more debt in the future, which could further exacerbate the risks of leverage, including the ability to service our indebtedness.

We may need to incur additional debt in the future to further our research and development into products, marketing, or working capital. Although the covenants contained in our current indebtedness instruments may impose some limits on our ability to incur new debt, these agreements may permit the occurrence of significant additional debt if we satisfy certain conditions, or such debt instruments may be amended in the future to do so. If we incur new debt, the risks related to being in a highly leveraged company that we now face could intensify, including our ability to service such indebtedness.

We are subject to several restrictive debt covenants under the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement.

In April 2024, we entered into a second amendment to our note purchase agreement, dated October 14, 2022 (the “Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement”) with Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc. (“Ginkgo”) to modify our outstanding senior secured notes (the “Senior Secured Notes”) held by Ginkgo. As amended, the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement contains customary affirmative covenants and also contains restrictive covenants, including, among others, limitations on: the occurrence of additional debt, liens or other encumbrances on property, acquisitions and investments, loans and guarantees, mergers, consolidations, liquidations and dissolution, asset sales, dividends and other payments in respect of our capital stock, prepayments of certain debt, transactions with affiliates and changes to our type of business, management of the business, control of the business or business locations. Additionally, the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement contains subjective acceleration clauses to accelerate the maturity date of the Senior Secured Notes if a material adverse change has occurred within the business, operations, or financial condition of the Company.

Our ability to generate sufficient cash from operations to meet our debt obligations will depend upon our future operating performance, which will be affected by general economic, financial, competitive, business and other factors beyond our control. A breach of any of these covenants or restrictions, as applicable, or any inability to pay interest on, or principal of, our outstanding debt as it becomes due could result in an event of default. Upon an event of default, if not waived by our lenders, our lenders may declare all amounts outstanding as due and payable. Such an acceleration of the maturity of our indebtedness may, among other things, prevent or limit us from engaging in transactions that benefit us, including responding to changing business and economic conditions and taking advantage of attractive business opportunities.

Our ability to use net operating losses to offset future taxable income will be subject to certain limitations as a result of the Business Combination and related transactions.

As of December 31, 2024, we had federal and state NOL carryforwards of $359.5 million and $222.8 million, respectively, as reported on our tax returns available to reduce future taxable income, if any. If not utilized, our federal and state NOL carryforwards will begin to expire in the year ending December 31, 2030; with the federal NOLs generated after the year ended December 31, 2017 carried forward indefinitely. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 and similar California legislation impose substantial restrictions on the utilization of net operating losses and tax credits in the event of an “ownership change” of a corporation. Accordingly, the Company’s ability to utilize net operating losses and credit carryforwards may be limited as the result of such an “ownership change.” The Company conducted a Section 382 analysis on its NOLs up to 2023. As a result of the 382 analysis, while the Company experienced various ownership changes triggering the application of Section 382, the Company does not expect any of its tax attributes to expire before utilization based on the applicable Section 382 limitation.

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Risks Related to Our Products and Operations

Our revenue is primarily generated from sales of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform, and we are therefore highly dependent on the success of these products.

To date, substantially all our revenue has been derived, and we expect it to continue to be substantially derived, from sales of b-silk and xl-silk, two products from our Vegan Silk Technology Platform. We began commercializing b-silk in direct-to-consumer products in 2018 and in business-to-business products in 2020, but our commercialization of b-silk to date has still been limited. Customer awareness of, and experience with, b-silk has been and is currently limited. As a result, b-silk has limited product and brand recognition within the beauty and personal care market as a substitute for silicone elastomers. We do not have a long history operating as a commercial company, and the novelty of b-silk, together with our limited commercialization experience, makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and predict our prospects with precision. These factors also make it difficult for us to forecast our financial performance and future growth, and such forecasts are subject to several uncertainties, including those outside of our control.

Future products from the Vegan Silk Technology Platform may not achieve market success. If our products do not achieve market success, we may be unable to generate significant revenues.

We currently have limited customer commitments for commercial quantities of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products. Some prospective customers are currently evaluating and testing of our products prior to making large-scale purchase decisions. In addition, commitments under existing agreements may not be representative of future demand. The successful commercialization of our products is also dependent on additional customers’ ability to commercialize the end-products that they make from our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products and future biomaterial products, which may never gain market acceptance.

Market acceptance of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products and future biomaterial product candidates will depend on numerous factors, many of which are outside of our control, including among others:

| ● | Public acceptance of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products and future biomaterial product candidates.

| ● | Our ability to produce our Vegan Silk Technology products and future biomaterial product candidates with consistent quality that offers functionality comparable or superior to existing or new silicone elastomers or silicone elastomer alternatives.

| ● | Our ability to produce our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products and future biomaterial product candidates to fit their intended purposes.

| ● | Our ability to demonstrate the benefits of b-silk in terms of safety and efficacy, as well as meet “clean beauty” standards such as biodegradability and environmental friendliness.

| ● | Our ability to maintain and obtain further necessary regulatory approvals for our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products.

| ● | The speed at which potential customers qualify our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products and future biomaterial product candidates for use in their products, including any required third-party testing.

| ● | Our ability to produce new products or customizations of existing products to match changes in public demand.

| ● | The time it takes for our commercial-scale volume to be established.

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| ● | The pricing of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products and future biomaterial product candidates compared to competitive products, including silicone-based elastomers.

| ● | The effectiveness of our market strategy.

| ● | Ease of administration of our products.

| ● | The strategic reaction of companies that market competitive products.

| ● | Our reliance on third party manufacturing partners to produce our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products and future biomaterial product candidates.

| ● | Our reliance on third parties who support or control distribution channels; and

| ● | General market conditions include fluctuating demand for our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products and our future biomaterial product candidates.

We may be unable to manage rapid growth effectively, and our ability to successfully implement our business plan will depend on a number of factors outside of our control.

Any failure by us to manage growth effectively could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We anticipate that a period of significant expansion will be required to address potential growth, including expanding the production of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products and research activities. This expansion will place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources. To manage the expected growth of our operations and personnel, we must establish appropriate and scalable operational and financial systems, procedures and controls and must establish a qualified finance, administrative and operations staff. Our management may be unable to hire, train, retain and manage the necessary personnel or to identify, manage and exploit potential strategic relationships and market opportunities.

We currently rely on a single manufacturing partner and manufacturing facility for the production of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products and in the future intend to rely on a small number of manufacturing partners and manufacturing facilities both in the U.S. and internationally.

We may not be successful in our efforts to enter into manufacturing agreements with multiple manufacturers to increase the supply of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products and limit our reliance on any one manufacturing partner. We currently rely on a single manufacturing partner, Laurus Bio, and a single manufacturing facility of Laurus Bio (the “Laurus Bio Facility”) to produce our products. The Laurus Bio services agreement was renewed in October 2024. Additionally, adverse changes or developments affecting our relationship with Laurus Bio or the Laurus Bio Facility could impair our ability to produce our products. Any shutdown or period of reduced production at the Laurus Bio Facility or the manufacturing facilities of future manufacturing partners, which may be caused by regulatory noncompliance or other issues, as well as other factors beyond our control, such as severe weather conditions, natural disaster, fire, power interruption, work stoppage, disease outbreaks or pandemics, acts of war, political unrest, equipment failure, delay in supply delivery, or shortages of material, equipment, decreased fermentation capacity, or labor, would significantly disrupt our ability to produce our products in a timely manner, meet our contractual obligations and operate our business. The Laurus Bio Facility is in Bangalore, India, which may increase the magnitude of disruption from any of the foregoing events, or adversely impact our customers’ or prospective customers’ confidence in the stability of our supply chain. Performance guarantees may not be sufficient to cover damages or losses, or the guarantors under such guarantees may not have the ability to pay. Any insurance coverage we have may not cover or be sufficient to fully cover all our potential losses and may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all.

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Additionally, because our operations depend on an international manufacturing partner, we are subject to risks that are inherent in operating globally, including:

| ● | Changes in laws and regulations or imposition of currency restrictions and other restraints in various jurisdictions.

| ● | Limitation of ownership rights, including expropriation of assets by a local government, and limitation on the ability to repatriate earnings.

| ● | Sovereign debt crises and currency instability in developed and developing countries.

| ● | Imposition of burdensome tariffs and quotas.

| ● | National and international conflict, including war, civil disturbances and terrorist acts; and

| ● | Economic downturns and social and political instability.

The U.S. government has communicated its intention to change U.S. trade policy, including renegotiating or terminating existing trade agreements and leveraging tariffs in various regions such as China, Canada and Mexico. These additional tariffs or any future tariffs in regions from which we import or export, as well as a government’s adoption of “buy national” policies or retaliation by another government against such tariffs or policies have introduced significant uncertainty into the market and could have a negative impact on the Company’s results of operations. These risks could increase our cost of doing business internationally, increase our counterparty risk, disrupt our operations, disrupt the ability of suppliers and customers to fulfill their obligations and limit our ability to sell our product in certain markets.

Pricing and availability for our Vegan Silk Technology Platform Products and our future products may be impacted by factors out of our control, including, but not limited to, end market demand, variation in manufacturing costs, and supplier availability.

Pricing and availability of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products can be volatile due to numerous factors beyond our control, including general, domestic and international economic conditions, labor costs, production levels, competition for fermentation capacity and consumer demand. This volatility could significantly affect the availability and cost of our products for us, and may therefore have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We believe pricing and availability of any of our future biomaterial products may be similarly volatile.

We currently outsource the production of our products to a single third-party manufacturing partner. Our contract manufacturing partner secures all of the necessary raw materials. Due to the high rate of growth in the silicone elastomer replacement market, the demand for raw materials used in our products may outpace supply, which could result in price increases and deficits in the supply necessary to meet customer demand. If we are unable to secure the required quantities of third-party raw materials, we may not be able to fulfil customer demand or any forecasts or guidance we provide to the public.

If our costs of producing products from our Vegan Silk Technology Platform materially increase, we would have to raise our prices, which could negatively impact on our ability to gain new customers and keep existing customers.

We currently rely on a single manufacturing partner to produce offerings from our Vegan Silk Technology Platform, including b-silk and xl-silk. The price we pay our contract manufacturing partner for our products has depended in part on the fluctuating cost of the raw materials used in the manufacturing processes, particularly urea costs. While we have negotiated fixed prices for upcoming production runs, we may not be able to secure such agreements in the future. We have faced, and could continue to face, resistance from some customers in accepting any increase in our prices as a result of market acceptance and the cost of producing our products. Some multi-year contracts and non-contractual pricing arrangements with customers may permit limited price adjustments to reflect increased costs. However, such adjustments may not occur quickly enough, or be sufficient, to prevent a materially adverse effect on net income and cash flow. Furthermore, any price adjustments may not cover all input costs, and these adjustments are not present in many of our customer contracts. In the event we experience increased costs for our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products, we may have to raise our prices, which could affect our ability to gain new customers or retain existing customers. Further, our inability to raise our prices to mitigate the effects of these increased input costs could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

We may also experience material increases in customer cancellations or reductions in the future on account of the macroeconomic environment, especially in the event of a prolonged recession or a worsening of current conditions as a result of many factors, including inflation. As a result, we may have to make changes to our pricing model to address these dynamics, any of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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There can be no assurance our manufacturing suppliers will provide the quality needed by us in the quantities requested or at a reasonable price. Because we do not control the actual production of our products, we are also subject to delays caused by interruption in production including but not limited to those resulting from conditions outside of our control, such as pandemics, weather, transportation interruptions, labor shortages, strikes, terrorism, natural disasters, and other catastrophic events.

We have limited experience in marketing and selling products from our Vegan Silk Technology Platform, and if we are unable to gain market acceptance from consumer product companies and others, our business may be adversely affected.

We sell our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products, including b-silk and xl-silk, through our own direct sales force, and we have limited experience in marketing and selling these offerings. Our future sales will depend in large part on our ability to increase our marketing efforts and adequately address our customers’ needs. The beauty and personal care market is a large and diverse market, and competition for sales and marketing personnel is intense. We may not be able to attract and retain sufficient personnel to maintain an effective sales and marketing force. In addition, if we choose in the future to use distribution partners, we will likely have less control over the sales and marketing personnel of our distribution partners. The personnel at such distribution partners may therefore not be adequately trained with respect to our products or may not be sufficiently incentivized to sell these products. If we are unable to successfully market our products and adequately address our customers’ needs, it could negatively impact sales and market acceptance of our products and we may never generate sufficient revenue to achieve or sustain profitability.

A limited number of customers, distributors and collaboration partners account for a material portion of our revenue and they may continue to do so for the foreseeable future. The loss of major customers, distributors or collaboration partners could harm our operating results.

Our revenues have varied materially from quarter to quarter and are dependent on sales to, and collaborations with, a limited number of customers, distributors and/or collaboration partners. The minimum purchase requirements in certain of our customer contracts stipulate minimum amounts of b-silk that the customer is required to purchase from us during the specified years, and the maximum prices at which we can sell those amounts of b-silk to the customer during those years, as well as an annual priority fee that the customer is obligated to pay us, which is several hundred thousand dollars annually.

We believe our revenue concentration for 2024 was primarily attributable to our limited history of commercial operations and limited revenue, which we expect will dissipate as additional customers and potential customers progress through their own testing, validation and development cycles with our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products and transition to using our products in their commercial products, which will lead to increased demand for our products from additional customers. However, until we can achieve broader market acceptance of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform offerings, we may face risks associated with concentrated customer base. There are risks whenever a significant percentage of revenue is concentrated with a limited number of customers. For example, revenue from these customers may fluctuate from time to time based on these customers’ business needs or financial condition, the timing of which may be affected by market conditions or other facts outside of our control. These customers could also potentially pressure us to reduce the prices we charge for our product, which could have an adverse effect on our margins and financial position and could negatively affect our revenue and results of operations. If any of our largest customers terminates its relationship with us, such termination could negatively affect our revenues and results of operations.

We cannot be certain that customers, distributors and/or collaboration partners that have accounted for material revenues in past periods, individually or as a group, will continue to generate similar revenues in any future period. If we fail to renew with, or if we lose a major customer, distributor or collaboration partner, our revenues could decline if we are unable to replace the lost revenues with revenues from other sources. Furthermore, if we lose one or more of our distributors and cannot replace the distributor in a timely manner or at all, our business, results of operation and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

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Our estimated contracted revenues vary from purchase orders on an “as needed” basis to contracts with minimum purchase obligations, and the failure of our customers to continue placing orders or to abide by their contracts could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial results.

Our manufacturing volume may be based on estimates and forecasts that can be incorrect. Additionally, customers issuing purchase orders can cancel purchase orders or reduce or delay orders at any time. Incorrect estimates and projections or the cancellation, delay, or reduction of customer purchase orders, or customers’ failure to fulfill their minimum purchase obligations could result in reduced sales, excess inventory, unabsorbed overhead, and reduced income from operations.

We often schedule internal production levels and place orders for our Vegan Silk Technology Platform Products with our manufacturing partner before receiving firm orders from our customers. Therefore, if we fail to accurately forecast customer demand, we may experience excess inventory levels or a shortage of products to deliver to our customers. Factors that could affect our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products include the following:

| ● | An increase or decrease in consumer demand for our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products or for the products of our competitors.

| ● | Our failure to accurately forecast consumer acceptance of new product candidates.

| ● | Delays in the production of Vegan Silk Technology Platform products, or the unsatisfactory performance of our manufacturing partner.

| ● | Delays in the ability of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products to meet certain customer performance requirements and other specifications.

| ● | New product introductions by us or our competitors.

| ● | Changes in our relationships with our customers.

| ● | Changes in general market conditions or other factors that may result in cancellations of orders or a reduction or increase in the rate of reorders placed by retailers.

| ● | Changes in laws and regulations applicable to our products or the way we sell our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products; and

| ● | Weak economic conditions or consumer confidence, which could reduce demand for our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products.

Inventory levels higher than consumer demand may result in inventory write-downs and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Any overestimation of the demand for our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products will result in a decline in forecasted revenue. Additionally, if we underestimate or are otherwise unable to produce enough of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products from our manufacturing partner or any future manufacturing partners to meet the demand for our products, we may not be able to meet customer demand, resulting in delays in the shipment of products and lost revenue, and damage to our reputation and customer and consumer relationships. We may not be able to manage inventory levels successfully to meet future order and reorder requirements.

We may face challenges selling products from Vegan Silk Technology Platform at commercial scale and at commercially viable cost, and we may not be able to commercialize these products to the extent necessary to make a profit or sustain and grow our current business.

To commercialize products from our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products, including b-silk and xl-silk and future biomaterial products, we must be successfully producing at commercial scale or at a commercially viable cost. If we cannot achieve commercially viable production economics with our manufacturing partner or any future manufacturing partners for enough offerings from the Vegan Silk Technology Platform to support our business plan, including through establishing and maintaining sufficient production scale and volume, we will be unable to achieve a sustainable products business. Our production costs depend on many factors that could have a negative effect on our ability to offer our planned products at competitive prices, including our ability to establish and maintain sufficient production scale and volume, exchange rates and contract manufacturing costs.

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To reduce per-unit production costs to be able to reliably sell our products with positive margins, we must increase the amount of our products that we purchase from our manufacturing partner or future manufacturing partners to achieve economies of scale and optimize the manufacturing process to make the manufacturing process more efficient. However, if we do not sell production output in a timely manner or in sufficient volumes, our investment in production will lead to higher working capital costs, which harms our cash position and could generate losses. Additionally, we may incur added storage costs as well as supply chain delays and disruptions, all of which can adversely affect the value of such products. Since achieving competitive product prices generally requires increased production volumes and cash flows from sales are in their early stages, we have had to produce and sell b-silk at a loss in the past, and we may continue to do so as we build our business. If we are unable to achieve adequate revenues from our product sales and other sources such as future biomaterial products, we may not be able to invest in production and we may not be able to pursue our business plans.

Certain contracts granting exclusivity rights to customers may limit our ability to sell products in certain markets.

We may enter into certain agreements with customers, which, subject to the terms therein, grant these customers the exclusive right with respect to certain limited applications to purchase certain products from us for a contractually specified period of time. These arrangements could prevent us from selling products to certain prospective customers, which could have a material and adverse impact on our potential revenues and our ability more generally to expand our customer base and product lines.

We may face substantial competition from incumbent materials as well as other new entrants, and if we are unable to continue developing innovative products and technologies and/or scale our production of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products, we may fail to gain, or may lose, market share to our competitors.

We face and will face substantial competition from a variety of companies in the cosmetic ingredients segment. Some competitors’ products are suitable for a range of uses at a price that may be lower than our product offerings. Many of these companies have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, larger customer bases, and significantly greater financial, sales and marketing, manufacturing, technical, and other resources than us. Our competitors may be able to adapt more quickly to new or emerging technologies, changes in customer requirements and changes in laws and regulations. In addition, current and potential competitors have established or may establish financial or strategic relationships among themselves or with existing or potential customers or other third parties. Accordingly, new competitors or alliances among competitors could emerge and rapidly acquire a significant market share. There can be no assurance that we can develop products that are more effective or achieve greater market acceptance than competitive products, or that our competitors will not succeed in developing products and technologies that are more effective than those being developed by us and that would therefore render our products and technologies less competitive or even obsolete. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against current or new competitors. We believe our ability to compete successfully in designing, engineering, and manufacturing our products at significantly reduced cost to customers does and will depend on a number of factors, which may change in the future due to increased competition, our ability to develop new technologies and to meet our customers’ needs and the availability of our offerings. If we are unable to compete successfully, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected.

If we are unable to coordinate with our current manufacturing partner and any future manufacturing partners to successfully commence, scale up or sustain production of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products at existing and planned manufacturing facilities, our customer relationships, business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

A substantial component of our planned production capacity in the near and long-term depends on successful operations at our existing and potential large-scale manufacturing partners. We may partner with additional manufacturing facilities which we expect will allow us to increase production capacity. However, there can be no assurances that we will be able to commence operations or contract additional production capacity on our expected timeline, if at all. Delays or problems in the start-up or operation of facilities could cause delays in our ramp-up of production and hamper our ability to reduce our production and logistics costs. Delays could occur due to a variety of factors, including regulatory requirements and our ability to fund commissioning costs.

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Once each production, purification, and downstream processing source is secured, they must perform as we expect. If our suppliers encounter significant delays in financing, cost overruns, engineering issues, contamination problems, equipment or raw material supply constraints, unexpected equipment maintenance requirements, safety issues, work stoppages or other serious challenges in making these facilities operational ready for our products and operating them at commercial scale, we may be unable to supply our renewable products in the time frame and at the cost we have planned. It is difficult to predict the effects of scaling up production of industrial fermentation to commercial scale, as it involves various risks to the quality and consistency of our molecules. In addition, in order to produce molecules at existing and potential future plants, suppliers have been and may in the future be required to perform thorough transition activities and modify the design of plants. Any modifications to the manufacturing facility could cause complications in the operations of the plant, which could result in delays or failures in production. If we are unable to contract additional manufacturing capacity necessary to meet existing and potential customer demand, we may need to continue to use, or increase our use of, existing contract manufacturing sources, which may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all, and generally entail greater cost to us and would therefore reduce our anticipated gross margins. Further, if our efforts to increase (or commence, as the case may be) contracted production are not successful, our existing partners may decide not to work with us to develop additional production capacity, demand more favorable terms or delay their commitment to invest capital in our production. If we are unable to increase and sustain manufacturing capacity and operations sufficient to satisfy the existing and potential demand of our customers and partners, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Our financial results could vary materially from quarter to quarter and are difficult to predict.

Our revenues and results of operations could vary materially from quarter to quarter because of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, comparing our results of operations on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. Factors that could cause our quarterly results of operations to fluctuate include:

| ● | achievement, or failure, with respect to technology, product development or manufacturing milestones needed to allow us to enter identified markets on a cost-effective basis or obtain milestone-related payments from collaboration partners;

| ● | delays or greater than anticipated expenses associated with the use of new manufacturing partners;

| ● | the cost of conducting research and development activities to optimize b-silk, xl-silk and future biomaterial products;

| ● | impairment of assets based on shifting business priorities and working capital limitations;

| ● | disruptions in the production process at any manufacturing facility, including disruptions due to outbreak of disease, contamination, safety or other technical difficulties, or scheduled downtime as a result of transitioning equipment to the production of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products;

| ● | losses of, or the inability to secure new customers, collaboration partners, contract manufacturers, suppliers or distributors;

| ● | losses associated with producing our products as we ramp to commercial production levels;

| ● | the timing and size of sales of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products to customers;

| ● | increases in price or decreases in availability of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products;

| ● | the unavailability of contract manufacturing capacity altogether or at reasonable cost;

| ● | exit costs associated with terminating contract manufacturing relationships;

| ● | fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;

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| ● | change in the fair value of debt and derivative instruments;

| ● | fluctuations in the price of and demand for silicone elastomers and other products for which our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products are an alternative;

| ● | competitive pricing pressures, including decreases in average selling prices of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products;

| ● | unanticipated expenses or delays associated with changes in governmental regulations and environmental, health, labor and safety requirements;

| ● | departure of executives or other key management employees resulting in transition and severance costs;

| ● | our ability to use our NOL carryforwards to offset future taxable income;

| ● | business interruptions such as pandemics or natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis;

| ● | our ability to integrate businesses that we may acquire in the future;

| ● | risks associated with the international aspects of our business; and

| ● | changes in general economic, industry and market conditions, both domestically and in our foreign markets, including rising interest rates, taxes and inflation.

Due to the factors described above, among others, the results of any quarterly or annual period may not meet our expectations or the expectations of our investors and may not be meaningful indications of our future performance.

We depend on key personnel.

We depend greatly on our executive officers and other employees. Our success will depend, in part, upon our ability to attract and retain additional skilled personnel. There can be no assurance that we will be able to find, attract and retain additional qualified employees, directors, and advisors having the skills necessary to operate, develop and grow our business. Our inability to hire qualified personnel, the loss of services of any of our executive officers, or the loss of services of other key employees, or advisors that may be hired in the future, may have a material and adverse effect on our business.

Our management has limited experience in operating a public company.

Our executive officers have limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors, and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. Our management team may not successfully or efficiently manage their new roles and responsibilities. The transition to being a public company subjects us to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These new obligations and constituents will require significant attention from our senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

An increase in our shipping and freight costs could have a material adverse effect on our financial results because we may not be able to pass through all of these increased costs to our customers.

We currently rely upon third-party transportation providers for a significant portion of our product shipments. Our utilization of delivery services for shipments is subject to risks, including increases in fuel prices and container costs, which would increase our shipping costs, increased labor costs and employee strikes, disease outbreaks or pandemics, and inclement weather, which may impact the ability of providers to provide delivery services that adequately meet our shipping needs, if at all. In the past, we have seen our shipping and freight costs fluctuate substantially, particularly during COVID-19. We may not always be able to secure terms that allow us to transfer all shipping and freight costs to customers, and we will continue to have shipping and freight costs associated with our business development activities. To the extent we are not able to transfer an increase in freight and shipping costs to our customers, it may have a negative impact on our profitability.

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We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to remediate these material weaknesses, or if we identify additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect investor confidence in, and the value of, our common stock.

As a public company, our management is required to establish and maintain internal control over financial reporting required by Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. If we are unable to establish or maintain appropriate internal control over financial reporting or implement these additional requirements in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, it could result in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements, failure to meet our reporting obligations on a timely basis, increases in compliance costs, and subject us to adverse regulatory consequences, all of which may adversely affect investor confidence in, and the value of, our common stock.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, that company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and influenced by that company’s Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting exist as of December 31, 2024:

| ● | We did not maintain a sufficient complement of personnel possessing the appropriate technical accounting competency, training, and experience to address, review, and record financial reporting transactions under U.S. GAAP or maintain appropriate segregation of duties.

| ● | We did not design and maintain formal accounting policies, procedures and controls to achieve complete, accurate and timely financial accounting, reporting and disclosures, including controls over the preparation and review of account reconciliations and journal entries.

| ● | We did not design and maintain formal and effective controls over information technology general controls for IT systems that are relevant to the preparation of the financial statements.

| ● | We did not maintain formalized minutes for meetings of the Board of Directors throughout the entire year.

We have begun the process of, and are focused on, designing and implementing effective internal controls measures to improve our internal control over financial reporting and remediate these material weaknesses. Our efforts include several actions:

| ● | We have engaged consultants to provide additional depth and breadth in our technical accounting and financial reporting capabilities.

| ● | We have engaged consultants to assist with the financial statement closing process and segregating duties among accounting personnel to enable adequate review controls.

| ● | We have implemented a process for maintaining and formalizing minutes for meetings of the Board of Directors.

| ● | We have hired key finance roles (i.e., VP Finance, and Controller).

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The actions that we are taking are subject to ongoing senior management review, as well as oversight of the audit committee of our Board of Directors. We also may conclude that additional measures may be required to remediate the material weaknesses or determine to modify the remediation plans described above. We will not be able to conclude that we have remediated the material weaknesses until the applicable controls are fully implemented and operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through formal testing, that these controls are operating effectively. We will continue to monitor the design and effectiveness of these and other processes, procedures, and controls and make any further changes management deems appropriate.

Although our management intends to complete these remediation efforts as quickly as practicable, it cannot at this time estimate how long it will take. The primary costs associated with these remediation efforts have been recruiting and salary costs. We may face additional costs in the future related to the remediation, such as additional consulting costs, any of which may be difficult to estimate and could be significant. These additional resources and procedures are intended to enable us to broaden the scope and quality of our internal review of underlying information related to financial reporting and to formalize and enhance our internal control procedures. However, while we are designing and implementing measures to remediate our existing material weaknesses, we cannot predict the success of such measures or the outcome of our assessment of these measures at this time. Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business, personnel, IT systems and applications, or other factors. If we fail to remediate our existing material weaknesses or identify new material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner, if we are unable to conclude that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting when required to do so, it is possible that a material misstatement of our financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, and the market price of the common stock could be negatively affected.

Attention to sustainability matters may impact our business, financial results and operating model.

In recent years, certain investors, customers, consumers, regulators, employees, and other stakeholders have focused on sustainability matters. From time to time, we announce certain initiatives, goals and commitments regarding sustainability. For example, one of our guiding principles is for sustainability to be based on sustainable sourcing, near-term and long-term sustainability goals, exclusion of highly hazardous chemistries, and responsible management of supply chains, among other things. We could fail, or be perceived to fail, in our achievement of such initiatives or in accurately reporting our progress on such initiatives. Such failures can be due to changes in our business (e.g., shifts in business among distribution channels or acquisitions). Moreover, the standards by which sustainability efforts and related matters are measured are developing and evolving, and certain areas are subject to assumptions that could change over time. In addition, we could be criticized for the scope of our initiatives or goals or perceived as not acting responsibly in connection with these matters. Any such matters could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating model.

Furthermore, governments and private parties are also increasingly filing suits or initiating regulatory action based on allegations that certain public statements regarding sustainability matters by companies are false and misleading “greenwashing” campaigns that violate deceptive trade practices and consumer protection statutes. Although we are not currently a party to any such litigation, unfavorable rulings against us or our industry could significantly impact our operations and have an adverse impact on our financial condition.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property and Information Technology

We may not be able to protect adequately our patents and other intellectual property assets, which could adversely affect our competitive position and reduce the value of our products, and litigation to protect our patents and intellectual property assets may be costly.

Our commercial success may depend in part on our ability to obtain patent protection for technologies and products we develop, to preserve trade secrets and to operate without infringing or misappropriating the intellectual property rights of others. There can be no assurance that any patents or patent applications that we own, obtain or file or are able to obtain or license from third parties will afford any competitive advantages or will not be challenged or circumvented by third parties. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independently develop similar technologies or duplicate any technology developed by us. Because of the extensive time required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product, it is possible that before any of our potential products can be commercialized, any related patents may expire or may have only a brief remaining life span following commercialization, thus reducing any advantage of the patents.

If we are not able to obtain patent coverage or defend the patent protection for our technologies, then we will not be able to exclude competitors from developing or marketing competing technologies, and we may not generate enough revenue from product sales to justify the cost of development of our technologies and to achieve or maintain profitability. The patents currently in the portfolio have expiration dates ranging from 2034 to 2040 and any patents resulting from pending patent applications are expected to have durations that will expire between 2034 and 2044.

Our patent position involves complex legal and factual questions. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims that may be allowed or enforced in our patents or in third-party patents. Patents may not be issued for any pending or future pending patent applications owned by or licensed to us, and claims allowed under any issued patent or future issued patent owned or licensed by us may not be valid or sufficiently broad to protect our technologies. Moreover, we may be unable to protect certain of our intellectual property in the United States or in foreign countries. Foreign jurisdictions may not afford the same protections as U.S. law, and we cannot ensure that foreign patent applications will have the same scope as the U.S. patents. There will be many countries in which we will choose not to file or maintain patents because of the costs involved. Competitors may also design around our technology or develop competing technologies.

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Additionally, any issued patents owned by or licensed to us now or in the future may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. To the extent competitors or other third parties develop and market products or procedures that we believe infringe our patents and proprietary rights, we may be compelled to initiate lawsuits to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights. Such litigation is typically expensive, time-consuming and uncertain as to outcome, and may involve opponents who have much more extensive financial resources than we do. An unfavorable outcome of any such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Third parties may claim that we infringe, misappropriate, or violate their intellectual proprietary rights, which could prevent us from commercializing and selling our products.

We may be required to defend against challenges to the validity of our patents and against claims relating to the alleged infringement of patent or proprietary rights of third parties.

Litigation initiated by a third-party claiming patent invalidity or patent infringement could:

| ● | require us to incur substantial litigation expense, even if we are successful in the litigation;

| ● | require us to divert significant time and effort of our management;

| ● | result in the loss of our rights to develop, manufacture or market our products; and

| ● | require us to pay substantial monetary damages or royalties in order to license proprietary rights from third parties or to satisfy judgments or to settle actual or threatened litigation.

Although patent and intellectual property disputes may be settled through licensing or similar arrangements, costs associated with these arrangements may be substantial and could include the long-term payment of royalties. Furthermore, the required licenses may not be made available to us on acceptable terms. Accordingly, an adverse determination in a judicial or administrative proceeding or a failure to obtain necessary licenses could prevent us from manufacturing and selling our products or increase our costs to market our products.

Any potential dispute involving patents or other intellectual property could affect our customers, which could trigger our indemnification obligations to them and result in substantial expense to us.

In any potential dispute involving patents or other intellectual property, our customers could also become the target of litigation. Our agreements with customers generally include indemnification or other provisions under which we agree to indemnify or otherwise be liable to them for losses suffered or incurred as a result of third-party claims of intellectual property infringement. Large indemnity payments could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. From time to time, customers require us to indemnify or otherwise be liable to them for breach of confidentiality or failure to implement adequate security measures with respect to their intellectual property and trade secrets. Although we normally contractually limit our liability with respect to such obligations, certain of our customer agreements may not include maximum loss clauses, which may result in substantial liability. Any litigation against our customers could trigger indemnification obligations under some of our agreements, which could result in substantial expense to us, and which could materially and adversely affect our financial results.

We rely in part on trade secrets to protect our technology, and our failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could limit our ability to compete.

We rely on trade secrets to protect some of our technology and proprietary information, especially where we believe patent protection is not appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. Litigating a claim that a third party had illegally obtained and was using our trade secrets could be expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome would be unpredictable. Moreover, if our competitors independently develop similar knowledge, methods and expertise, it will be difficult for us to enforce our rights, and our business could be harmed.

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If we or our third-party providers fail to protect Confidential Information and/or experience a significant disruption in our IT Systems, including security breaches, or if we fail to implement new systems and software successfully, there may be damage to our brand and reputation, material financial penalties, and legal liability, and our business operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We depend on computer systems, hardware, software, technology infrastructure and online sites and networks for both internal and external operations that are critical to our business (collectively “IT Systems”) to, among other functions, process orders and bills, collect and make payments, interact with customers and suppliers, manage inventory, coordinate research and development, store scientific and regulatory data, facilitate communication and project management internally and with partners, and otherwise conduct business. We also depend on these IT Systems to respond to customer inquiries, contribute to our overall internal control processes, maintain records of our property, plant and equipment and record and pay amounts due to vendors and other creditors. We own and manage some of these IT Systems but also rely on third parties for a range of IT Systems and related products and services. We and certain of our third-party providers collect, maintain and process data about customers, employees, business partners and others, including information about individuals, as well as proprietary information belonging to our business such as trade secrets (collectively, “Confidential Information”).

The failure of our IT Systems to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in transaction errors, processing inefficiencies and the loss of sales and customers. As we upgrade or change systems, we may also experience interruptions in service, loss of data or reduced functionality and other unforeseen material issues which could adversely impact our ability to provide quotes, take customer orders and otherwise run our business in a timely manner. In addition, if our new systems fail to provide accurate and increased visibility into pricing and cost structures, it may be difficult to improve or maximize our profit margins. As a result, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

In addition, cyber-attacks or security breaches could compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our Confidential Information or our IT Systems. Our IT Systems are subject to potential disruptions, including, but not limited to, significant network or power outages, cyberattacks (including ransomware), computer viruses, other malicious code and/or unauthorized access attempts, any of which, if successful, could compromise our Confidential Information and IT Systems, including disrupting our operations. There can be no assurance that any controls and procedures that we have in place will be sufficient to protect us from these risks. Further, as cyber threats are continually evolving, our controls and procedures may become inadequate, and we may be required to devote additional resources to modify or enhance our systems in the future.

We and certain of our third-party providers have experienced cyberattacks and other incidents, and we expect such attacks and incidents to continue in varying degrees. While to date no incidents have had a material impact on our operations or financial results, we cannot guarantee that material incidents will not occur in the future. Any adverse impact to the availability, integrity or confidentiality of our IT Systems or Confidential Information could require us to expend resources to remediate cyber-related incidents or to enhance and strengthen our cyber security. Additionally, such incidents could result in violations of privacy and other laws, litigation, regulatory investigations, enforcement actions, fines, negative publicity, lost sales or business delays, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Finally, we cannot guarantee that any costs and liabilities incurred in relation to an attack or incident will be covered by our existing insurance policies or that applicable insurance will be available to us in the future on economically reasonable terms or at all.

As a remote-first company, we are subject to heightened operational and cybersecurity risks.

As a remote-first company, we are subject to heightened operational and cybersecurity risks. We are a remote-first company, meaning that for all existing roles many of our employees work from their homes or other non-company dwellings. For example, technologies in our employees’ and service providers’ homes and shared office spaces may not be as robust and could cause the networks, information systems, applications, and other tools available to employees and service providers to be more limited or less reliable. Further, the security systems in place at our employees’ and service providers’ homes and shared office spaces may be less secure than those used in corporate offices, and while we have implemented technical and administrative safeguards to help protect our systems as our employees and service providers work from home, we may be subject to increased cybersecurity risk which could expose us to risks of data or financial loss, and could disrupt our business operations. There is no guarantee that the data security and privacy safeguards we have put in place will be completely effective or that we will not encounter risks associated with employees and service providers accessing company data and systems remotely. We also face challenges due to the need to operate with a remote workforce and are addressing so to minimize the impact on our ability to operate.

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Risks Related to Government Regulation

Government regulations and private party actions relating to the marketing and advertising of cosmetic products that include the Vegan Silk Technology Platform we develop may restrict, inhibit or delay our ability to sell such products and harm our business.

A variety of federal, state, and foreign government authorities regulate the advertising and promotion of cosmetic products, including the marketing claims that can be made regarding their properties and benefits. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) regulates the marketing of cosmetic products. While cosmetic products and labeling do not require pre-market approval and the FDA does not have a list of approved or accepted claims, cosmetic labeling and claims must be truthful and not misleading. In addition, a cosmetic product may not be marketed with claims regarding the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions or an effect on the structure or function of the body, which would cause such products to meet the definition of a drug and be subject to the requirements applicable to drug products. The FDA has issued warning letters to companies marketing their cosmetic products or ingredients for improper drug claims, including, for example, product claims regarding anti-aging properties and barrier defense to protect the skin.

In addition, consumer protection laws and regulations governing our business continue to expand. In some states such as California, class-action lawsuits may be based on similar standards regarding false and misleading advertising and other increasingly novel theories of liability. There is a degree of subjectivity in determining whether a labeling or marketing claim is appropriate under these standards. While we believe our product claims are truthful, not misleading, and would not cause our products to be regulated as drugs, there is always a risk that the FDA may determine otherwise, issue us a warning letter or untitled letter, require us to modify our product claims or take other enforcement action, or that we may be subject to consumer protection litigation. In addition, plaintiffs’ lawyers have filed class action or false advertising lawsuits against cosmetic companies based on their marketing claims. Federal and state consumer protection agencies are expected to continue their active enforcement of applicable laws and regulations. Any inquiry into the regulatory status of our products and any related interruption in the marketing and sale of these products could damage our reputation and image in the marketplace.

Other regulatory authorities, such as the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), typically require adequate and reliable scientific substantiation to support marketing claims. This standard for substantiation can vary widely from market to market and there is no assurance that the research and development efforts that we undertake to support our claims will be deemed adequate for any particular product or claim. The FTC also has issued Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising (“Guides”), under which product testimonials must come from “bona fide” users of a product and otherwise reflect the honest opinions, beliefs, or experience of the endorser. Additionally, companies must disclose material connections between themselves and their endorsers and are subject to liability for false or unsubstantiated statements regarding its products made by endorsers including, for example, marketing atypical results of using a product. The FTC actively investigates online product reviews and may bring enforcement actions against a company for failure to comply with applicable requirements for testimonials. If we fail to comply with the Guides or make improper product claims, the FTC could bring an enforcement action against us, and we could be fined and/or forced to alter our marketing materials.

If our products are not manufactured in compliance with applicable legal requirements, do not meet quality and cosmetic constituent standards, or otherwise result in adverse health effects in consumers, it could result in reputational harm, remedial costs, or governmental authority enforcement.

In the United States, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, administered and enforced by the FDA, prohibits the introduction, or delivery for introduction, into interstate commerce of cosmetics that are adulterated or misbranded. The FDA has historically recommended (but not required) certain voluntary good manufacturing practices (“GMPs”) designed to reduce the risk of violating this prohibition. However, recent legislation expanded the FDA’s authority to regulate cosmetics, including their manufacturing. Specifically, the Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022, signed into law in December 2022 (“MoCRA”), established, among other things, new FDA authority over cosmetics, including requirements to register manufacturing facilities and list cosmetic products and ingredients, report serious adverse events, substantiate safety of the cosmetic, label cosmetics with certain information, and maintain certain records. The FDA now also has authority to enforce, and is required to issue, regulations governing GMPs for cosmetics, though the FDA has yet to propose GMP regulations, despite the requirement under MoCRA that the FDA propose a cosmetics GMP rule by December 2024.

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While many of MoCRA’s provisions apply directly to the entities whose name appears on the label of the finished cosmetic, and we do not produce any finished cosmetics, our customers will be required to comply with MoCRA, and may contractually impose certain of these requirements on us. Until cosmetic GMPs are promulgated, adherence to recommended GMPs can reduce the risk that the FDA finds such products have been rendered adulterated or misbranded in violation of applicable law. The FDA’s draft guidance on cosmetic GMPs, most recently updated in June 2013, provides recommendations related to process documentation, recordkeeping, building and facility design, equipment maintenance and personnel. The FDA also recommends that manufacturers maintain product complaint and recall files and voluntarily report adverse events to the agency. In addition, FDA regulations prohibit or otherwise restrict the use of certain ingredients in cosmetic products. If our third-party suppliers fail to manufacture our products in compliance with voluntary GMPs, or mandatory GMPs when promulgated and if imposed, we or our customers could be subject to regulatory enforcement action, and we could be deemed in breach of our contractual arrangements with our customers, which could have a material adverse impact on our business. Such failures could also lead to customer complaints, adverse events, product withdrawal or recall, or increase the likelihood that our products are rendered adulterated or misbranded, any of which could result in negative publicity, remedial costs, or regulatory enforcement that could impact our ability to continue selling certain products.

If our products are found to be defective or unsafe, we may be subject to various product liability claims, which could harm our reputation and business.

Our success depends, in part, on the quality and safety of our products. If our products are found to be defective, unsafe, or otherwise fail to meet our customers’ expectations or if our product claims are found to be unfair or deceptive, our relationships with customers could suffer, the appeal of one or more of our products could be diminished and we could lose sales, any of which could result in an adverse effect on our business.

We may be subject to product liability claims, including that our products fail to meet quality or manufacturing specifications, contain contaminants, include inadequate instructions as to their proper use, include inadequate warnings concerning side effects and interactions with other substances, or cause adverse reactions or side effects. Product liability claims could increase our costs, and adversely affect our business and financial results.

Changes in government regulation may require us to modify our operations, including formulations that we utilize in our products.

Several intergovernmental organizations, countries and other political subdivisions of countries have enacted, or are considering enacting, laws and regulations designed to encourage or mandate the increased use of sustainable alternatives to plastics, or to dictate how much water, power, or other inputs may be used to manufacture products. These laws and regulations could require us to modify our manufacturing operations and processes, product designs, and/or product formulations to comply with these laws and regulations. Our inability or failure to comply with these laws and regulations could negatively affect our ability to manufacture and supply products, and/or the demand for, and marketability of, our products, which would have an adverse impact on our financial results.

Any actual or perceived failure to comply with new or existing laws, regulations and other requirements relating to the privacy, security and processing of Personal Information could adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

In connection with running our business, we receive, store, use and otherwise process information that relates to individuals and/or constitutes “personal data,” “personal information,” “personally identifiable information,” or similar terms under applicable data privacy laws (collectively, “Personal Information”), including from and about actual and prospective customers, as well as our employees and business contacts. We may therefore be subject to a variety of federal, state and foreign laws, regulations and other requirements relating to the privacy, security and handling of Personal Information.

The application and interpretation of such requirements are constantly evolving and are subject to change, creating a complex compliance environment. In some cases, these requirements may be either unclear in their interpretation and application or they may have inconsistent or conflicting requirements with each other. Further, there has been a substantial increase in legislative activity and regulatory focus on data privacy and security globally, including in relation to cybersecurity incidents.

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It is possible that new laws, regulations and other requirements, or amendments to or changes in interpretations of existing laws, regulations and other requirements, may require us to incur significant costs, implement new processes, or change our handling of information and business operations. In addition, any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with laws, regulations and other requirements relating to the privacy, security and handling of information could result in legal claims or proceedings (including class actions), regulatory investigations or enforcement actions. We could incur significant costs in investigating and defending such claims and, if found liable, pay significant damages or fines or be required to make changes to our business. These proceedings and any subsequent adverse outcomes may subject us to significant negative publicity and an erosion of trust. If any of these events were to occur, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Risks Related to the Offering

It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares, if any, we will sell under the Purchase Agreement to the Selling Stockholder, or the actual gross proceeds resulting from those sales.

On September 12, 2025, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with the Selling Stockholder pursuant to which we have the right from time to time at our option to sell to the Selling Stockholder up to $20.0 million of our common stock, subject to certain conditions and limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The shares of our common stock that may be issued under the Purchase Agreement may be sold by us to the Selling Stockholder at our discretion from time to time.

Subject to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, we generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of our shares of common stock under the Purchase Agreement. Sales of our common stock, if any, under the Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions and other factors. We may ultimately decide to sell all, some or none of the shares of our common stock that may be available for us to sell pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

Because the purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for the shares of common stock that we may elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our common stock during the applicable pricing period for each of those sales, if any, it is not possible for us to predict prior to any such sales the number of shares of common stock that we will sell under the Purchase Agreement, the purchase price per share or the aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases under the Purchase Agreement, if any.

The sale and issuance of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder will cause dilution to our existing stockholders, and the sale of the Shares acquired by the Selling Stockholder, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause the price of our common stock to fall.

The purchase price for the shares that we may sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement will fluctuate based on the price of our common stock. Depending on a number of factors, including market liquidity, sales of such shares may cause the trading price of our common stock to fall.

The Selling Stockholder may resell all, some, or none of shares that we sell to the Selling Stockholder subsequent to the date of this prospectus at its discretion, subject to the terms of the Purchase Agreement. Therefore, sales to the Selling Stockholder by us could result in dilution to the interests of other holders of our common stock. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a desirable time and price.

Investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold to the Selling Stockholder. If and when we do elect to sell our common stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, after the Selling Stockholder has acquired such shares, the Selling Stockholder may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares from the Selling Stockholder in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase from the Selling Stockholder in this offering as a result of future sales made by us to the Selling Stockholder at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares in this offering. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of shares to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of shares or the mere existence of our arrangement with the Selling Stockholder may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales.

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Our management team may invest or spend the proceeds of this offering in ways with which you may not agree or in ways which may no yield a significant return.

Our management will have broad discretion over the use of proceeds from sales of our shares of common stock made pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, including for any of the purposes described in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds,” and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. However, we have not determined the specific allocation of any net proceeds among these potential uses, and the ultimate use of the net proceeds may vary from the currently intended uses. The net proceeds may be used for corporate purposes that do not increase our operating results or enhance the value of our common stock.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Global economic and financial market conditions, including severe market disruptions and the potential for a significant and prolonged global economic downturn, could impact our business operations in a number of ways, including, but not limited to, reduced demand in key customer end-markets, such as cosmetics and personal care products.

The global economy can be negatively impacted by a variety of factors such as the spread or fear of spread of contagious diseases in locations where end-products utilizing our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products or any of our other future biomaterial products are sold, man-made or natural disasters, actual or threatened war, terrorist activity, political unrest, civil strife and other geopolitical uncertainty. Such adverse and uncertain economic conditions may impact retail, specifically cosmetics and personal care products, and other customer and consumer demand for our products. In addition, our ability to manage normal commercial relationships with our suppliers, current manufacturing partner and any future manufacturing partners, customers, consumers and creditors may suffer. Our results of operations depend upon, among other things, the financial health and strength of our customers as well as our suppliers, current manufacturing partner and any future manufacturing partners, or other third parties on which we rely, our ability to maintain and increase sales volume with our existing customers, our ability to attract new customers, and our ability to provide products that fulfill our customers’ needs at the right price. Decreases in demand for our products without a corresponding decrease in costs would put downward pressure on margins and would negatively impact our financial results. Prolonged unfavorable economic conditions or uncertainty may have an adverse effect on our sales and profitability.

Changes in the U.S. and global social, political, regulatory and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade such as new tariffs, manufacturing, development and investment could also adversely affect our business. If global economic conditions remain volatile for a prolonged period or experience further disruptions, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

The market price of shares of our common stock has been and may be in the future volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance. You may lose some or all your investment.

The trading price of our common stock has been volatile in the past, and may continue to be volatile in the future. The stock market recently has experienced extreme volatility. This volatility often has been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. You may not be able to resell your shares at an attractive price due to a number of factors such as those listed in this section and the following:

| ● | Our operating and financial performance and prospects.

| ● | Our quarterly or annual earnings or those of other companies in our industry compared to market expectations.

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| ● | Conditions that impact demand for our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products or our future biomaterial products.

| ● | Future announcements concerning our business, our clients’ businesses or our competitors’ businesses.

| ● | The public’s reaction to our press releases, other public announcements and filings with the SEC.

| ● | The market’s reaction to our reduced disclosure and other requirements as a result of being an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”).

| ● | The size of our public float.

| ● | Coverage by or changes in financial estimates by securities analysts or failure to meet their expectations.

| ● | Market and industry perception of our success, or lack thereof, in pursuing our growth strategy.

| ● | Strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings.

| ● | Changes in laws or regulations which adversely affect our industry or us.

| ● | Privacy and data protection laws, privacy or data breaches, or the loss of data.

| ● | Changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles.

| ● | Changes in senior management or key personnel.

| ● | Issuances, exchanges or sales, or expected issuances, exchanges or sales of our capital stock.

| ● | Changes in our dividend policy.

| ● | Adverse resolution of new or pending litigation against us; and

| ● | Changes in general market, economic and political conditions in the United States and global economies or financial markets, including those resulting from natural disasters, terrorist attacks, acts of war and responses to such events.

These broad market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of our common stock is low. As a result, you may suffer a loss on your investment.

In the past, following periods of market volatility, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If we were involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of management from our business regardless of the outcome of such litigation.

We may acquire or invest in companies, which may divert our management’s attention and result in additional dilution to our stockholders. We may be unable to integrate acquired businesses and technologies successfully or achieve the expected benefits of such acquisitions.

We may evaluate and consider potential strategic transactions, including acquisitions of, or investments in, businesses, technologies, services, products, and other assets in the future. An acquisition, investment or business relationship may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. In particular, we may encounter difficulties assimilating or integrating the businesses, technologies, products, personnel, or operations of the acquired companies. Key personnel of the acquired companies may choose not to work for us, their software may not be easily adapted to work with ours, or we may have difficulty retaining the customers of any acquired business due to changes in ownership, management, or otherwise. We may also experience difficulties integrating personnel of the acquired company into our business and culture. Acquisitions may also disrupt our business, divert our resources and require significant management attention that would otherwise be available for development of our existing business. The anticipated benefits of any acquisition, investment, or business relationship may not be realized or we may be exposed to unknown risks or liabilities.

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Negotiating these transactions can be time-consuming, difficult, and expensive, and our ability to close these transactions may often be subject to approvals that are beyond our control. Consequently, these transactions, even if undertaken and announced, may not close. For one or more of those transactions, we may:

| ● | Issue additional equity securities that would dilute our stockholders.

| ● | Use cash that we may need in the future to operate our business.

| ● | Incur debt on terms unfavorable to us or that we are unable to repay.

| ● | Incur large charges or substantial liabilities.

| ● | Encounter difficulties retaining key employees of the acquired company or integrating diverse software codes or business cultures; and

| ● | Become subject to adverse tax consequences, substantial depreciation, or deferred compensation charges.

Future litigation or similar legal proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Lawsuits and other administrative or legal proceedings may arise in the course of our operations. We may also face heightened regulatory or other public scrutiny as a result of going public via a transaction with a special purpose acquisition company. These sorts of lawsuits or proceedings can involve substantial costs, including the costs associated with investigation, litigation and possible settlement, judgment, penalty or fines. In addition, lawsuits and other legal proceedings may be time-consuming and may require a commitment of management and personnel resources that will be diverted from our normal business operations. Although we generally maintain insurance to mitigate certain costs, there can be no assurance that costs associated with lawsuits or other legal proceedings will not exceed the limits of insurance policies. Moreover, we may be unable to continue to maintain our existing insurance at a reasonable cost, if at all, or to secure additional coverage, which may result in costs associated with lawsuits and other legal proceedings being uninsured. Our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected if a judgment, penalty or fine is not fully covered by insurance.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Moreover, the terms of our Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement may restrict our ability to pay dividends, and any additional debt we may incur in the future may include similar restrictions. As a result, stockholders must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about our business, or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our securities adversely, the price and trading volume of our securities could decline.

The trading market for our securities is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about our business, market or competitors. If no securities or industry analysts commence coverage of our business, our share price and trading volume would likely be negatively impacted. If any of the analysts who may cover our business change their recommendation regarding our shares of common stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, the price of our shares of common stock would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover our business were to cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on it, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause its share price or trading volume to decline.

The requirements of being a public company, including compliance with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the requirements of Nasdaq, may strain our resources, increase our costs and distract management, and we may be unable to comply with these requirements in a timely or cost-effective manner.

As a public company, we are subject to laws, regulations and requirements, certain corporate governance provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, related regulations of the SEC and the requirements of Nasdaq. As a newly public company, complying with these statutes, regulations and requirements occupies a significant amount of time for our Board of Directors and management and significantly increases our costs and expenses. For example, we have had to institute a more comprehensive compliance function, comply with rules promulgated by Nasdaq, prepare and distribute periodic public reports in compliance with our obligations under the federal securities laws, establish new internal policies, such as those relating to insider trading. We have also had to retain and rely on outside counsel and accountants to a greater degree in these activities. In addition, being subject to these rules and regulations has made it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on our Board of Directors or as executive officer.

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Claims for indemnification by our directors and officers may reduce our available funds to satisfy successful third-party claims against us and may reduce the amount of money available to us.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws fully provide indemnification and advancement of expenses for our directors and officers permitted by Section 145 of the DGCL. Additionally, we entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and officers that make indemnification rights and obligations mandatory in most respects, which may result in us incurring indemnification or advancement expenses that would not otherwise be required under the DGCL. While have secured an insurance policy intended to reimburse us for most or all of our indemnification and advancement expenses, we do not know if we will be able to maintain insurance with adequate levels of coverage. Any significant uninsured liability may require us to pay substantial amounts, which would have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

If we are not able to maintain a listing on the national exchange for our securities, the trading market for our securities will be adversely affected.

If we are not able to maintain a listing for our common stock on Nasdaq for any reason, an active trading market for our securities may fail to develop or not be sustained. In the absence of an active trading market for our common stock, you may not be able to sell your shares when desired or at or above the prices at which you acquired them. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling shares and may impair our ability to acquire other businesses or technologies using our shares as consideration, which, in turn, could materially and adversely affect our business.

Unless we are successful in our appeal to Nasdaq, our securities will be delisted from Nasdaq. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in our appeal or be able to remain listed on Nasdaq.

On February 10, 2025, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that it was not in compliance with the minimum Market Value of Listed Securities requirement as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(b)(2)(A) as the Company has not met the minimum $50 million minimum Market Value of Listed Securities requirement for continued listing. On the same day, the Company also received a letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that it was not in compliance with the minimum Market Value of Publicly Held Shares requirement as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(b)(2)(C) as the Company has not met the minimum $15 million minimum Market Value of Publicly Held Shares requirement for continued listing. These letters had no immediate effect on the listing of the common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Company had 180 calendar days from receipt of the letters, or until August 11, 2025, in which to regain compliance.

On August 12, 2025, the Company received a notice of a determination of delisting from Nasdaq. The Company’s hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel ("Panel") to appeal the delisting determination was held on September 16, 2025, and a decision is forthcoming. As a result, the delisting action has been stayed, pending a final written decision by the Panel. The Company's common stock will remain listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market during the pendency of the hearing process and during any extension period granted by the Panel. At the hearing, the Company presented a compliance plan. There can be no assurance that the Panel will grant the Company's request for continued listing or that the Company will ultimately regain compliance with the applicable Nasdaq listing requirements.

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A delisting of our common stock from Nasdaq may make it more difficult for us to raise capital on favorable terms in the future. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our common stock when you wish to do so. Further, if we were to be delisted from Nasdaq, our common stock would cease to be recognized as covered securities, and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities. Moreover, there is no assurance that any actions that we would take to restore our compliance, if needed, would stabilize the market price, MVLS, MVPHS or improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from falling below the minimum requirements for continued listing again, or prevent future non-compliance with Nasdaq’s rules. There is also no assurance that we will maintain compliance with the other listing standards of Nasdaq.

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company” and the reduced public company reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies may make our securities less attractive to investors.

We qualify as an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we are permitted and plan to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to: an exemption from compliance with the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation arrangements in our periodic reports, registration statements and proxy statements; and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. In addition, the JOBS Act permits emerging growth companies to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. We take advantage of the exemptions discussed above. As a result, the information we provide will be different than the information that is available with respect to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies or that are not taking advantage of such exemptions.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) December 31, 2026, the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the closing of the GAMC’s initial public offering, (ii) the first fiscal year after our annual gross revenue exceeds $1.235 billion, (iii) the date on which we have, during the immediately preceding three-year period, issued more than $1.00 billion in non-convertible debt securities, or (iv) the end of any fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of the end of the second quarter of that fiscal year.

We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined in the Exchange Act. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company even after we are no longer an emerging growth company. We may take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies and will be able to take advantage of these scaled disclosures for so long as (i) our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter or (ii) our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter.

We cannot predict whether investors will find our common stock less attractive if we rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our securities, and the market price of our securities may be more volatile.

Our certificate of incorporation contains anti-takeover provisions that could adversely affect the rights of our stockholders.

Our certificate of incorporation contains provisions to limit the ability of others to acquire control of us or cause it to engage in change-of-control transactions, including, among other things:

| ● | Provisions that authorize our Board of Directors, without action by its stockholders, to issue additional shares of our common stock and preferred stock with preferential rights determined by our Board of Directors.

| ● | Provisions that permit only a majority of our Board of Directors, the chairperson of the Board of Directors or the chief executive officer to call stockholder meetings and therefore do not permit stockholders to call special meetings of the stockholders.

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| ● | Provisions limiting stockholders’ ability to act by written consent; and

| ● | A staggered board whereby our directors are divided into three classes, with each class subject to retirement and re-election once every three years on a rotating basis.

These provisions could have the effect of depriving our stockholders of an opportunity to sell their shares of common stock at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of us in a tender offer or similar transaction. With our staggered Board of Directors, at least two annual or special meetings of stockholders will generally be required in order to effect a change in a majority of our directors. Our staggered Board of Directors can discourage proxy contests for the election of our directors and purchases of substantial blocks of our shares by making it more difficult for a potential acquirer to gain control of our Board of Directors in a relatively short period of time.

Our certificate of incorporation provides, subject to limited exceptions, that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or stockholders.

Our certificate of incorporation requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that (i) derivative actions brought in our name, (ii) asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or stockholders, (iii) actions asserting a claim pursuant to the DGCL, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, or (iv) any actions asserting claims governed by the internal affairs doctrine, may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware (or, in the event that the Chancery Court does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware). Subject to the preceding sentence, the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. However, such forum selection provisions will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction.

The choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees and result in increased costs for investors to bring a claim. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Additionally, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As noted above, our certificate of incorporation provides that the federal district courts of the United States of America will have jurisdiction over any action arising under the Securities Act. Accordingly, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision. Our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of common stock or our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum provisions in our certificate of incorporation.

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THE EQUITY LINE OF CREDIT FACILITY

On September 12, 2025, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with the Selling Stockholder relating to the ELOC. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have the right from time to time at our option to sell to the Selling Stockholder up to $20.0 million of our common stock, subject to certain customary conditions and limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement, including that (i) the Selling Stockholder is not obligated to purchase or acquire any shares of common stock that would result in its beneficial ownership exceeding 9.99% of our then-outstanding voting power and (ii) the Selling Stockholder is not obligated to purchase shares of common stock if the volume weighted average price for the common stock on an Advance Notice Date (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) is less than the Floor Price. Sales of common stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, and the timing of any sales, will be determined by us from time to time in our sole discretion and will depend on a variety of factors, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of shares of common stock and determinations by us regarding the use of proceeds of such sales. The net proceeds from any sales under the Purchase Agreement will depend on the frequency with, and prices at, which the shares of common stock are sold to the Selling Stockholder. We expect to use the proceeds from any sales under the Purchase Agreement for working capital and general corporate purposes.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation, to direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase shares of common stock at our sole discretion from time to time until the earlier of (i) the first day of the month following the 36-month period after the effective date of a registration statement registering the resale of the common stock sold to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and (ii) $20.0 million of common stock having been sold to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. In accordance with our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement, we have filed the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part in order to register the resale by the Selling Stockholder of up to 20,085,588 shares of common stock, consisting of (i) up to 20,000,000 Purchase Shares that we have the right from time to time at our option to sell to the Selling Stockholder and (ii) the Commitment Shares, which are the 85,588 shares of common stock that we issued to the Selling Stockholder as consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of our common stock from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, conditions and indemnification obligations by each party. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Purchase Agreement were made only for purposes of the Purchase Agreement and as of specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreements and are subject to certain important limitations.

Advances of Common Stock Under the Purchase Agreement

To initiate a purchase, we must deliver written notice to the Selling Stockholder before trading begins on any trading day. The Share Price will be determined based on the timing and conditions of an Advance Notice. If an Advance Notice is received before 8:01 a.m. Eastern Time on a trading day and the amount is between $25,000 and $500,000, the price will be 96% of the lowest volume-weighted average price in the ten trading days immediately preceding the delivery of the notice, provided, that if such closing of the Advance Notice happens and 96% of the lowest daily VWAP in the 10 trading days following such closing is lower than such Share Price, then we shall issue additional shares of common stock to the Selling Stockholder so that the total number of shares of common stock received by the Selling Stockholder is equal to the number of shares of common stock it would have received for the aggregate purchase price paid at such closing for such shares if the shares of common stock had been valued at such lower price. Alternatively, if the notice is received between 8:01 a.m. and 9:15 a.m. Eastern Time on a trading day, and the pre-market stock price is at least 150% of the prior day’s closing price, the notice amount must not exceed $5.0 million. In this case, the Share Price will be the lesser of: (i) the average of the daily volume-weighted average price of the common stock on the trading day before the notice is delivered and the volume-weighted average price on the day of the notice, or (ii) 96% of the lowest daily volume-weighted average price over the trading days required for the Investor to fully sell the shares underlying the notice.

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Conditions Precedent to Each Advance

The Selling Stockholder’s obligation to accept Advance Notices that are timely delivered by us under the Purchase Agreement and to purchase our shares of common stock in Advances under the Purchase Agreement are subject to the satisfaction, at each time we deliver an Advance Notice on the applicable date of Advance (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) of the conditions precedent thereto set forth in the Purchase Agreement, which conditions include, among others, the following:

| ● | the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company included in the Purchase Agreement;

| ● | the registration statement that includes this prospectus (and any one or more additional registration statements filed with the SEC that includes the shares of common stock that may be issued and sold by the Company to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement) having been declared effective under the Securities Act by the SEC, and the Selling Stockholder being able to utilize this prospectus (and the prospectus included in any one or more additional registration statements filed with the SEC under the Purchase Agreement) to resell all of the Commitment Shares and all of the shares of common stock issuable pursuant to such Advance Notice;

| ● | the receipt by the Company of all permits and qualifications required by any applicable state for the offer and sale of all the common stock issuable pursuant to such Advance Notice, or the availability of exemptions therefrom;

| ● | no condition, occurrence, state of facts or event constituting a Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) shall have occurred and be continuing;

| ● | the Company having performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by the Purchase Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company; and

| ● | customary conditions related to the absence of injunctions and bankruptcy.

Termination of the Purchase Agreement

Unless earlier terminated as provided in the Purchase Agreement, the Purchase Agreement will terminate automatically on the earliest to occur of:

| ● | the first day of the month next following the 36-month anniversary of the date of this prospectus; or

| ● | the date on which the Selling Stockholder shall have purchased shares of common stock under the Purchase Agreement for an aggregate gross purchase price equal to $20.0 million.

We have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time after commencement, at no cost or penalty, upon five trading days’ prior written notice. No termination of the Purchase Agreement will alter or otherwise affect our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement. The Selling Stockholder has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement upon ten trading days’ prior written notice to us of an occurrence of a material and uncured breach or default by us, and, if such breach or default is capable of being cured, such breach or default is not cured within fifteen trading days after notice of such breach or default is delivered to us.

No Short-Selling or Hedging by the Selling Stockholder

The Selling Stockholder has agreed that neither it nor any of its officers, or any entity managed or controlled by it, will engage in or effect, directly or indirectly, for its own principal account or for the principal account of any of its officers or any entity managed or controlled by it, any (i) “short sale” (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of any of our securities, including our common stock, or (ii) hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to any of our securities, including our common stock, during the term of the Purchase Agreement.

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Prohibition on Subsequent Equity Sales

Subject to specified exceptions included in the Purchase Agreement, during the term of the Purchase Agreement, we are limited in our ability to enter into specified equity sales. Such transactions include, among others, our entry into any agreement for an “at the market offering” and “equity line of credit” and the sale of any shares of common stock or common stock equivalents in connection with any such transaction other than pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

Effect of Sales of Our Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement on Our Stockholders

The common stock being registered for resale in this offering may be issued and sold by us to the Selling Stockholder from time to time at our discretion over a period until the first day of the month next following the 36-month anniversary of the date of this prospectus. The resale by the Selling Stockholder of a significant amount of shares registered for resale in this offering at any given time, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline and to be highly volatile. Sales of shares of our common stock, if any, to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement will be determined by us in our sole discretion and will depend upon market conditions and other factors. We may ultimately decide to sell to the Selling Stockholder all, some or none of the shares of common stock that may be available for us to sell to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. If and when we elect to sell shares of common stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, after the Selling Stockholder has acquired such shares, the Selling Stockholder may resell all, some or none of such common stock at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares of common stock from the Selling Stockholder in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares of common stock, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. See the sections entitled “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Offering— It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares, if any, we will sell under the Purchase Agreement to the Selling Stockholder, or the actual gross proceeds resulting from those sales.” and “— The sale and issuance of our common stock to the Selling Stockholder will cause dilution to our existing stockholders, and the sale of the Shares acquired by the Selling Stockholder, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause the price of our common stock to fall.”

Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares of common stock they purchase from the Selling Stockholder in this offering as a result of future sales made by us to the Selling Stockholder at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares in this offering. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of shares of common stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of common stock or the mere existence of our arrangement with the Selling Stockholder may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales.

Because the purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for the shares of common stock that we may elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our common stock during the applicable period for each Advance made pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, as of the date of this prospectus it is not possible for us to predict the number of shares of common stock that we will sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, the actual purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for those shares of common stock, or the actual gross proceeds to be raised by us from those sales, if any. As of September 22, 2025, there were 3,706,197 shares of common stock outstanding.

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If all of the 20,085,588 shares of common stock offered for resale by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus were issued and outstanding as of September 22, 2025, such shares of common stock would represent approximately 542% of the total number of our shares of common stock outstanding.

The issuance of our shares of common stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will not affect the rights or privileges of our existing stockholders, except that the economic and voting interests of each of our existing stockholders will be diluted. Although the number of shares of common stock that our existing stockholders own will not decrease, the common stock owned by our existing stockholders will represent a smaller percentage of our total outstanding shares of common stock after any such issuance.

The following table sets forth information at varying average purchase prices, for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be estimates or predictions of the future performance of our common stock. The actual number of shares of common stock we sell to the Selling Stockholder, and the prices at which we sell them, will vary and be subject to the terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement described above:

Assumed Trading Price of Shares of Common Stock |  |  | Number of Shares Sold Under the ELOC Facility(1) |  |  | Commitment Shares Under the ELOC Facility(2) |  |  | Total Shares of Common Stock Issued Under the ELOC Facility |  |  | Percentage of Outstanding Shares of Common Stock After Giving Effect to Issuances Under the ELOC Facility(3) |
$ | 1.00 |  |  |  | 20,000,000 |  |  |  | 85,588 |  |  |  | 20,085,588 |  |  |  | 542 | %
$ | 2.50 |  |  |  | 8,000,000 |  |  |  | 85,588 |  |  |  | 8,085,588 |  |  |  | 218 | %
$ | 5.00 |  |  |  | 4,000,000 |  |  |  | 85,588 |  |  |  | 4,085,588 |  |  |  | 110 | %
$ | 7.00 |  |  |  | 2,857,142 |  |  |  | 85,588 |  |  |  | 2,942,730 |  |  |  | 79 | %

(1) | We have included in this column the shares of common stock being offered for resale by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus, without regard to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. The assumed average purchase prices are solely for illustrative purposes and are not intended to be estimates or predictions of the future performance of our common stock.

(2) | Represents the Commitment Shares, which are the 85,588 shares of Common Stock we agreed to issue to the Holder as consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of our common stock from us, from time to time after the date of this prospectus, upon the terms and subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

(3) | The denominator used to calculate the percentages in this column is based on 3,706,197 shares of common stock outstanding as of September 22, 2025, adjusted to include the common stock (a) issued and sold to the Selling Stockholder under the ELOC Facility and (b) issued to the Selling Stockholder as Commitment Shares.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

Any sales of common stock by the Selling Stockholder pursuant to this prospectus will be solely for the Selling Stockholder’s account. We will not receive any proceeds from any such sales.

The Selling Stockholder will pay any underwriting fees, discounts and selling commissions incurred by the Selling Stockholder in connection with any sale of its shares of common stock. We will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the common stock covered by this prospectus, including, without limitation, all registration and filing fees, Nasdaq listing fees and fees and expenses of Company counsel and independent registered public accountants.

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DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of the business, and therefore, do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determination related to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors after considering our business prospects, results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and availability, debt repayment obligations, capital expenditure needs, contractual restrictions, covenants in the agreements governing current and future indebtedness, industry trends, the provisions of Delaware law affecting the payment of dividends and distributions to stockholders and any other factors or considerations the Board deems relevant.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis provides information that our management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. The discussion should be read together with the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2025 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and the historical audited annual consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the respective notes thereto, included in this prospectus. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this prospectus. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus.

Overview

We develop and leverage our Vegan Silk Technology Platform, which is used to produce b-silk and xl-silk, a biodegradable protein polymer and replacement for silicone elastomers in beauty and personal care. We began commercializing b-silk in direct-to-consumer products in 2019 and in business-to-business products in 2020. We are headquartered in California.

Recent Developments

Nasdaq Notifications

On February 10, 2025, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that it was not in compliance with the minimum Market Value of Listed Securities requirement as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(b)(2)(A) as the Company has not met the minimum $50 million minimum Market Value of Listed Securities requirement for continued listing. On the same day, the Company also received a letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that it was not in compliance with the minimum Market Value of Publicly Held Shares requirement as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(b)(2)(C) as the Company has not met the minimum $15 million minimum Market Value of Publicly Held Shares requirement for continued listing. These letters had no immediate effect on the listing of the common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. The Company had 180 calendar days from receipt of the letters, or until August 11, 2025, in which to regain compliance.

On August 12, 2025, the Company received a notice of a determination of delisting from Nasdaq. The Company’s hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”) to appeal the delisting determination was held on September 16, 2025, and a decision is forthcoming. As a result, the delisting action has been stayed, pending a final written decision by the Panel. The Company's common stock will remain listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market during the pendency of the hearing process and during any extension period granted by the Panel. At the hearing, the Company presented a compliance plan. There can be no assurance that the Panel will grant the Company's request for continued listing or that the Company will ultimately regain compliance with the applicable Nasdaq listing requirements. For more information on related risks, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Common Stock—Unless we are successful in our appeal to Nasdaq, our securities will be delisted from Nasdaq. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in our appeal or be able to remain listed on Nasdaq.” located elsewhere in this prospectus.

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Merger

On October 4, 2023, Bolt Threads, Inc. (“Bolt Threads”) and GAMC entered into a Merger Agreement (the “Merger Agreement”) with Beam Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of GAMC (the “Merger Sub”). On August 13, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), a merger transaction between Bolt Threads and GAMC was completed, refer to Note 4 in our consolidated financial statements for more information. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, (i) on the Closing Date, the Merger Sub merged with and into the Bolt Threads (together with the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Merger” or the “SPAC transaction”), with the Merger Sub ceasing to exist and Bolt Threads surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of GAMC and (ii) GAMC changed its name to Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to the “Company,” “Bolt”, “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to the business of Bolt Threads, Inc., which became the business of Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries following the Closing Date. The Company determined that Bolt Threads was the accounting acquirer in the Merger based on an analysis of the criteria outlined in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Mergers. The determination was primarily based on the following facts:

| ● | Former Bolt Threads stockholders have a controlling voting interest in the Company,

| ● | Bolt Threads management continues to hold executive management roles for the post-combination company and is responsible for the day-to-day operations; and

| ● | The founders of Bolt Threads have two non-independent board seats and final approval in selection of independent seats.

Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Merger was treated as the equivalent of Bolt Threads issuing stock for the net assets of GAMC, accompanied by a recapitalization. No goodwill or other intangible assets were recorded as a result of the Merger.

While GAMC was the legal acquirer in the Merger, because Bolt Threads was deemed the accounting acquirer, the historical financial statements of Bolt Threads became the historical financial statements of the combined company, upon the consummation of the Merger. As a result, the financial statements included in this prospectus reflect (i) the historical operating results of Bolt Threads prior to the Merger; (ii) the combined results of Bolt Threads and GAMC following the closing of the Merger; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Bolt Threads at their historical cost; and (iv) the Company’s equity structure for all periods presented.

Reverse Stock Split

On April 21, 2025, we effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of our common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every 20 shares of our common stock issued or outstanding were automatically reclassified into one new share of common stock. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Stockholders who would otherwise have been entitled to receive fractional shares as a result of the Reverse Stock Split received a cash payment in lieu thereof at a price equal to the fraction to which the stockholder would otherwise have been entitled multiplied by the closing sales price per share of the common stock (as adjusted to give effect to the Reverse Stock Split) on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC on April 21, 2025, the last trading day immediately preceding the effective time of the Reverse Stock Split.

Proportionate adjustments have been made to the number of shares underlying our outstanding warrants and equity awards, as applicable, as well as to the number of shares issuable under our equity incentive plans and certain existing agreements, as well as the exercise price, as applicable. The common stock issued pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split remain fully paid and non-assessable. The Reverse Stock Split did not affect the number of authorized shares of common stock or the par value of the common stock.

There was no net effect on total stockholders' equity, and the par value per share of our common stock remains unchanged at $0.0001 per share after the Reverse Stock Split. All references made to share or per share amounts in the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and applicable disclosures have been retroactively adjusted for all periods presented to reflect the applicable effects of the Reverse Stock Split and the reduction in the number of authorized shares of common stock and preferred stock effected by the Charter Amendment.

Seneca Transaction

On August 1, 2025, we signed an agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with Southern Point Capital (“Seneca”) pursuant to which Seneca entered into claim purchase agreements to purchase up to an aggregate of $1.7 million of our outstanding payables with certain of our vendors (the “Vendor Payables”) and, subject to a court order, exchange such Vendor Payables for a settlement pursuant to Section (3)(a)(10) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Seneca Transaction”). The amount of Vendor Payables were initially convertible at the option of Seneca at the lower of (i) $2.42 per share, the closing price of our common stock on the date of the Settlement Agreement and (ii) 77% of the average of the three (3) lowest traded prices on which at least 100 shares of common stock were traded during the five-trading day period preceding a conversion notice delivered pursuant to the Settlement Agreement (the “Valuation Period”), subject to a minimum price floor of $0.25 per share. Seneca was not permitted to acquire shares of common stock under the Seneca Transaction if, as a result thereof, Seneca would beneficially own (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 13d-3 thereunder) more than 4.99% of the number of shares of our common stock then outstanding. The agreement also provides that we may not issue, and shall not be obligated to issue, any shares to the extent such issuance would violate our obligations under the Nasdaq Stock Global Select Market, including any requirement that the issuance of such shares would require approval of our stockholders, until such approval has been obtained, which occurred on August 29, 2025. We issued an aggregate of 730,439 shares of common stock pursuant to the Settlement Agreement for the $1.7 million of outstanding payables that were purchased.

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August 2025 PIPE Transaction

On August 14, 2025, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “PIPE Purchase Agreement”) with the selling stockholders named therein (the “PIPE Selling Stockholders), pursuant to which we agreed to sell and issue to the PIPE Selling Stockholders an aggregate of 913,979 shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“common stock”) for $4.65 per share, consisting of (a) 518,817 shares of common stock (the “Initial August 2025 PIPE Shares”) and (b) up to 395,162 shares of common stock (the “August 2025 Warrant Shares,” and together with the Initial August 2025 PIPE Shares, the “August 2025 PIPE Shares”) issuable upon the exercise of pre-funded warrants held by the PIPE Selling Stockholders (the “August 2025 Warrants”) (the “August 2025 PIPE Transaction”). In September 2025, the August 2025 Warrants were fully exercised for $395.07 cash, and the August 2025 Warrant Shares were issued.

September 2025 Equity Purchase Agreement

On September 12, 2025, the Company entered into an equity purchase agreement (the “September 2025 Purchase Agreement”) with Ascent Partners Fund LLC (“Ascent”), relating to an equity line of credit facility (the “ELOC”). Pursuant to the September 2025 Purchase Agreement, the Company will have the right at its option to sell up to $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“common stock”). Under the September 2025 Purchase Agreement, Ascent shall not be obligated to purchase or acquire any shares of common stock that would result in its beneficial ownership exceeding 9.99% of the Company’s then-outstanding voting power and Ascent shall not be obligated to purchase shares of common stock if the volume weighted average price for the common stock is less than $1.00 (the “Floor Price”). As consideration for Ascent’s irrevocable commitment to purchase the shares of common stock under the September 2025 Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to issue 85,588 shares of common stock to Ascent.

To initiate a purchase, the Company must deliver written notice to Ascent before trading begins on any trading day. The purchase price of the shares of common stock will be determined based on the timing and conditions of an advance notice (each, an “Advance Notice”). If an Advance Notice is received before 8:01 a.m. Eastern Time on a trading day and the amount is between $25,000 and $500,000, the price will be 96% of the lowest volume-weighted average price in the ten trading days immediately preceding the delivery of the notice, provided, that if such closing of the Advance Notice happens and 96% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price in the ten trading days following such closing is lower than such Share Price, then the Company shall issue additional shares of common stock to Ascent so that the total number of shares of common stock received by Ascent is equal to the number of shares of common stock it would have received for the aggregate purchase price paid at such closing for such shares if the shares of common stock had been valued at such lower price. Alternatively, if the notice is received between 8:01 a.m. and 9:15 a.m. Eastern Time on a trading day, and the pre-market stock price is at least 150% of the prior day’s closing price, the notice amount must not exceed $5.0 million. In this case, the price will be the lesser of: (i) the average of the daily volume-weighted average price of the common stock on the trading day before the notice is delivered and the volume-weighted average price on the day of the notice, or (ii) 96% of the lowest daily volume-weighted average price over the trading days required for Ascent to fully sell the shares underlying the notice.

Sales of common stock to Ascent under the September 2025 Purchase Agreement, and the timing of any sales, will be determined by the Company in its sole discretion and will depend on a variety of factors, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of shares of common stock and determinations by the Company regarding the use of proceeds of such sales. The net proceeds from any sales under the September 2025 Purchase Agreement will depend on the frequency with, and prices at, which the shares of common stock are sold to Ascent. Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed not to engage in any other “at the market offering” or “equity line of credit” transaction during the term of the September 2025 Purchase Agreement.

The Company has the right to terminate the September 2025 Purchase Agreement at any time after commencement, at no cost or penalty, upon five trading days’ prior written notice. Ascent has the right to terminate the September 2025 Purchase Agreement upon ten trading days’ prior written notice to the Company of an occurrence of a material and uncured breach or default by the Company, and, if such breach or default is capable of being cured, such breach or default is not cured within fifteen trading days after notice of such breach or default is delivered to the Company.

Impact of Macroeconomic Trends

Unfavorable conditions in the economy in the United States and abroad may negatively affect the growth of our business and our results of operations. For example, macroeconomic events, including rising inflation, the U.S. Federal Reserve raising interest rates, uncertainty in U.S. policy on international trade relations and retaliatory actions that may be taken in response thereto, have led to economic uncertainty and volatility globally. The effect of macroeconomic conditions may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. Moreover, negative macroeconomic conditions could adversely impact our ability to obtain financing in the future on terms acceptable to us, or at all. In addition, the geopolitical instability and related sanctions could continue to have significant ramifications on global financial markets, including volatility in the U.S. and global financial markets. While the macroeconomic trends discussed above are not currently having a material adverse impact on our business or results of operations, if economic uncertainty increases or the global economy worsens, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.

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Key Factors Affecting Our Results and Performance

We believe that our future performance and success depends on, to a substantial extent, our ability to capitalize on the following opportunities, which in turn is subject to significant risks and challenges, including those discussed below and in the section of this prospectus titled “Risk Factors.”

Product Dependency

To date, substantially all our revenue has been derived, and we expect substantially all of our revenue in the foreseeable future to continue to be derived, from sales of products from our Vegan Silk Technology Platform, including b-silk and xl-silk. Customer awareness of, and experience with, our products has been and is currently limited. As a result, our products have limited product and brand recognition within the beauty and personal care market as a substitute for silicone elastomers. We do not have a long history operating as a commercial company, and the novelty of our products, together with our limited commercialization experience, makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and predict our prospects with precision. Furthermore, our ability to increase revenues by identifying additional commercial opportunities and our ability to obtain new customers depends on several factors, including our ability to offer higher quality products at competitive prices, the strength of our competitors, and the capabilities of our sales and marketing departments. If we are not able to continue to increase sales of our products to existing customers or to obtain new customers in the future, we may not be able to increase our revenues.

In early 2023, we decided to discontinue the commercial development of Mylo, a leather alternative made from mycelium, the root structure of mushrooms, to focus exclusively on the commercialization of products from our Vegan Silk Technology Platform.

Manufacturing

Currently, we rely on a single manufacturing partner, Laurus Bio, to produce our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products. Adverse changes or developments affecting our relationship with Laurus Bio could impair our ability to produce our products. To the extent that we are dependent on any manufacturing partner, we are subject to the risks faced by that partner to the extent that such risks impede the partner’s ability to stay in business and produce our products in a timely manner to us.

Research and Development

Our future plans include investments in research and development and related product opportunities. We believe that we must continue to dedicate resources to research and development efforts to maintain a competitive position. However, if we do not receive significant revenue from these investments, if the investments don’t yield expected benefits or if we don’t have the needed funding to invest in the technology, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

We derive revenue principally from leveraging our Vegan Silk Technology Platform to produce and sell our b-silk and xl-silk products. We recognize revenue when our product is shipped to customers, since at that time control is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the material.

Cost of revenue and gross loss

Cost of revenue consists of all the costs to manufacture, warehouse, and ship our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products. These costs include contract manufacturers and inbound freight, internal and external quality assessments of work-in-process and finished goods inventory, warehousing, and packing and shipping supplies, and inventory impairment.

Our gross loss is equal to total revenue less total cost of revenue.

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Operating expenses

Research and development

Our research and development expenses primarily consist of personnel-related costs, including salaries, employee benefits, stock-based compensation, both external research and development costs and external product and operations costs incurred under agreements with contract research and other professional services organizations, lab supplies, software and maintenance, and allocated depreciation of property and equipment and lease expenses for both pilot plant and factory facilities.

Sales and marketing

Our sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of personnel-related costs, including salaries, employee benefits, and stock-based compensation, marketing expenses, and advertising expenses. We expect to incur additional sales and marketing expenses as we expect to increase our focus on the Vegan Silk Technology Platform to produce our products by expanding operations to increase sales.

General and administrative

Our general and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel-related costs, including salaries, employee benefits, and stock-based compensation, professional services fees, software, and allocated depreciation of property and equipment and lease expenses for facilities. We expect to incur additional annual general and administrative expenses as a public company for, among other things, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees and additional internal and external accounting and legal and administrative resources, including increased audit and legal fees.

Other income (expense)

Impairment expense

Impairment expense relates to impairment charges recognized on our long-lived assets, consisting of property, equipment, and right-of-use assets, when it is determined that the fair value of the assets is less than their carrying value.

Interest expense

Interest expense is associated with our outstanding debt, including amortization of debt discounts and issuance costs.

Gain (Loss) on lease termination

Gain (Loss) on lease termination relates to charges recognized on the termination of our Berkeley and Netherlands facility leases. Refer to Note 13 in our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus.

Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes

Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes is related to the Second Amendment to the Note Purchase Agreement, which we entered during June 2024. Due to the substantial change to the conversion feature, we accounted for this amendment as a debt extinguishment. Refer to Note 8 in our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus.

Loss on supply agreement termination

Loss on supply agreement termination relates to charges recognized on the termination of an agreement with one of our suppliers. Refer to Note 14 in our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus.

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Remeasurement of convertible preferred stock warrant liability

Certain financial instruments issued by us prior to the Merger are recognized as liabilities and carried at fair value on our balance sheet. Changes in the fair value of those instruments are captured in our results of operations. The convertible preferred stock warrant liability fair value adjustment consists of unrealized gains and losses as a result of marking our liability classified warrants to fair value at the end of each reporting period. We will continue to recognize changes in the fair value of such warrants until each respective warrant is exercised, expired, or qualifies for equity classification. For additional information on securities carried at fair value and fair value measurement please refer to Note 4 in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and Note 5 in our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus

Remeasurement of public placement warrant liability and related party private placement warrant liability

In connection with the Merger, we assumed previously issued warrants to purchase our common stock, which are recognized as liabilities and carried at fair value on our balance sheet. Changes in the fair value of those instruments are captured in our results of operations. The public placement warrant liability and related party private placement warrant liability fair value adjustments consist of unrealized gains and losses as a result of marking our liability classified warrants to fair value at the end of each reporting period. We will continue to recognize changes in the fair value of such warrants until each respective warrant is exercised, expired, or qualifies for equity classification. For additional information on securities carried at fair value and fair value measurement please refer to Note 4 and Note 7 in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and Note 5 in our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus.

Remeasurement of share-based termination liability

Certain share-based financial instruments issued by us as part of our lease and supply agreement terminations are recognized as liabilities and carried at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the fair value of those instruments are captured in our consolidated results of operations. The share-based termination liability fair value adjustment consists of unrealized gains and losses as a result of marking our liability classified share-based instruments to fair value at the end of each reporting period. We continued to recognize changes in the fair value of such share-based instruments until the shares were issued upon the Closing of the Merger. For additional information on securities carried at fair value and fair value measurement please refer to Note 5 in our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus.

Remeasurement of convertible notes and related party convertible notes

Concurrently with our entry into the Merger Agreement, each of the purchasers of the GAMC Class A common stock via private placement in connection with the Merger (the “PIPE Subscribers”) entered into a Note Purchase Agreement in which we issued each PIPE Subscriber a convertible promissory note. The convertible promissory notes are recognized as liabilities and carried at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet, due to our selection of the Fair Value Option under ASC 825 — Financial Instruments. Changes in the fair value of the convertible promissory notes are captured in our consolidated results of operations. The convertible promissory notes fair value adjustment consists of unrealized gains and losses as a result of marking our notes to fair value at the end of each reporting period. In connection with the Merger, each Convertible Note automatically converted into shares of common stock in accordance with the Merger Agreement and the Bridge NPA. Therefore, we will not continue to recognize changes in the fair value of such convertible promissory in future periods. For additional information on securities carried at fair value and fair value measurement please refer to Note 4 in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and Note 5 and Note 9 in our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus.

Other income, net

Other income, net consists primarily of realized and unrealized gain and losses on foreign currency transactions, realized gain and losses on the sale of assets, interest income, and sublease income.

Income tax provision

There was no income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Refer to Note 9 in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and Note 12 in our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus.

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Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

The results of operations presented below should be reviewed in conjunction with the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. The following table sets forth our results of operations data for the periods presented:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Dollar |  |  | Percentage |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change |  |  | Change |
|  | (in thousands) |
Revenue |  | $ | 1,302 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 1,246 |  |  |  | 2,225 | %
Cost of revenue |  |  | 1,240 |  |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | 1,155 |  |  |  | 1,359 | %
Gross income (loss) |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | (29 | ) |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | (314 | )%
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 690 |  |  |  | 971 |  |  |  | (281 | ) |  |  | (29 | )%
Sales and marketing |  |  | 183 |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 121 |  |  |  | 195 | %
General and administrative |  |  | 4,006 |  |  |  | 8,546 |  |  |  | (4,540 | ) |  |  | (53 | )%
Total operating expenses |  |  | 4,879 |  |  |  | 9,579 |  |  |  | (4,700 | ) |  |  | (49 | )%
Loss from operations |  |  | (4,817 | ) |  |  | (9,608 | ) |  |  | 4,791 |  |  |  | (50 | )%
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | (314 | ) |  |  | (357 | ) |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | (12 | )%
Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | (26,359 | ) |  |  | 26,359 |  |  |  | (100 | )%
Remeasurement of convertible preferred stock warrant liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |  | (73 | ) |  |  | (100 | )%
Remeasurement of share-based termination liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,498 | ) |  |  | 1,498 |  |  |  | (100 | )%
Remeasurement of convertible notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | (15,874 | ) |  |  | 15,874 |  |  |  | (100 | )%
Remeasurement of related party convertible notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5,300 | ) |  |  | 5,300 |  |  |  | (100 | )%
Remeasurement of public placement warrant liability |  |  | 78 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 78 |  |  |  | 100 | %
Remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability |  |  | 499 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 499 |  |  |  | 100 | %
Other income (expense), net |  |  | (29 | ) |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | 222 | %
Total other income (expense), net |  |  | 234 |  |  |  | (49,324 | ) |  |  | 49,558 |  |  |  | (100 | )%
Loss before income taxes |  |  | (4,583 | ) |  |  | (58,932 | ) |  |  | 54,349 |  |  |  | (92 | )%
Income tax provision |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 100 | %
Net loss |  | $ | (4,583 | ) |  | $ | (58,932 | ) |  | $ | 54,349 |  |  |  | (92 | )%

Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Revenue

Revenue increased by $1.2 million, or 2,225%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, which was primarily attributable to increased sales of products from the Vegan Silk Technology Platform, including shipments for Bolt’s partnership with Goddess Maintenance Company and reorders from prior launches. In October 2024, we entered into a three-year supply agreement with a customer, which includes annual minimum order quantities. Our revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was predominantly due to purchases under that supply agreement.

Cost of revenue and gross income (loss)

Cost of revenue increased by $1.2 million, or 1,359%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, which was primarily attributable to increased sales of products from the Vegan Silk Technology Platform.

Gross income (loss) improved from a gross loss of $0.03 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to gross income of $0.06 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, which was primarily attributable to a reduction in material costs and on-going pricing discipline.

44

Operating expenses

Research and development

Research and development expenses decreased by $0.3 million, or 29%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, which was primarily attributable to a decrease in outside consulting spend. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in personnel costs, including stock-based compensation, related to increased research and development headcount.

Sales and marketing

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $0.1 million, or 195%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, which was primarily attributable to an increase in marketing spend, as well as an increase in personnel costs, including stock-based compensation.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses decreased by $4.5 million, or 53%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, which was primarily attributable to a decrease in finance and legal costs related to financings in the prior year. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in stock-based compensation and personnel costs related to increased headcount, as well as insurance costs and finance and legal consulting costs.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest expense

Interest expense was relatively flat, decreasing by $0.04 million, or 12%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes

Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes decreased by $26.4 million, or 100%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. There was no loss on extinguishment for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as the convertible notes were no longer outstanding as a result of the Merger in August 2024. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information.

Remeasurement of convertible preferred stock warrant liability

Remeasurement of convertible preferred stock warrant liability decreased by $0.1 million, or 100%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. The convertible preferred stock warrants were no longer outstanding during the three months ended June 30, 2025 as a result of the Merger in August 2024. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Warrants” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information.

Remeasurement of share-based termination liability

Remeasurement of share-based termination liability decreased by $1.5 million, or 100%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. The share-based termination liability was not outstanding during the three months ended June 30, 2025 as it was derecognized in September 2024. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Share-based Termination Liability” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information.

45

Remeasurement of convertible notes

The convertible notes are related to transactions that took place during the fourth quarter 2023 and the first nine months of 2024, which resulted in the remeasurement of convertible notes of $15.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. There were no convertible notes outstanding during the three months ended June 30, 2025. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information.

Remeasurement of related party convertible notes

The related party convertible notes are related to transactions that took place during the fourth quarter 2023 and the first nine months of 2024, which resulted in the remeasurement of the related party convertible notes of $5.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. There were no related party convertible notes outstanding during the three months ended June 30, 2025. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information.

Remeasurement of public placement warrant liability

Remeasurement of public placement warrant liability resulted in a gain of $0.08 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. There was no remeasurement of public placement warrant liability for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as it was not outstanding during that period. The change in the remeasurement of the public placement warrant liability is entirely related to previously issued warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock, which were assumed in connection with the Merger. In addition, the change in fair value is a direct result of the assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model used to calculate the fair value as of each balance sheet date, including our estimated equity value at such time, the risk-free rate at such time, the timing of the warrant expiration, and the estimated volatility. Refer to Note 4 and Note 7 in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 included elsewhere in this prospectus for more information.

Remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability

Remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability resulted in a gain of $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. There was no remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as it was not outstanding during that period. The change in the remeasurement of the related party private placement warrant liability is related to previously issued warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock, which were issued to the Sponsor, a related party, and were assumed in connection with the Merger. In addition, the change in fair value is a direct result of the assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model used to calculate the fair value as of each balance sheet date, including our estimated equity value at such time, the risk-free rate at such time, the timing of the warrant expiration, and the estimated volatility. Refer to Note 4 and Note 7 in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 included elsewhere in this prospectus for more information.

Other income (expense), net

Other expense increased by $0.02 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, which was primarily attributable to penalties incurred on the excise tax liability.

46

Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

The results of operations presented below should be reviewed in conjunction with the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following table sets forth our results of operations data for the periods presented:

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 (Revised) |  |  | Dollar Change |  |  | Percentage Change |
|  | (in thousands) |
Revenue |  | $ | 1,473 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 1,398 |  |  |  | 1,864 | %
Cost of revenue |  |  | 1,412 |  |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | 1,262 |  |  |  | 841 | %
Gross income (loss) |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | (75 | ) |  |  | 136 |  |  |  | (181 | )%
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 1,615 |  |  |  | 1,384 |  |  |  | 231 |  |  |  | 17 | %
Sales and marketing |  |  | 303 |  |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 180 |  |  |  | 146 | %
General and administrative |  |  | 8,360 |  |  |  | 13,298 |  |  |  | (4,938 | ) |  |  | (37 | )%
Total operating expenses |  |  | 10,278 |  |  |  | 14,805 |  |  |  | (4,527 | ) |  |  | (31 | )%
Loss from operations |  |  | (10,217 | ) |  |  | (14,880 | ) |  |  | 4,663 |  |  |  | (31 | )%
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | (635 | ) |  |  | (644 | ) |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | (1 | )%
Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | (26,359 | ) |  |  | 26,359 |  |  |  | (100 | )%
Remeasurement of convertible preferred stock warrant liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | (97 | ) |  |  | (100 | )%
Remeasurement of share-based termination liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,312 | ) |  |  | 1,312 |  |  |  | (100 | )%
Remeasurement of convertible notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | (17,087 | ) |  |  | 17,087 |  |  |  | (100 | )%
Remeasurement of related party convertible notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5,548 | ) |  |  | 5,548 |  |  |  | (100 | )%
Remeasurement of public placement warrant liability |  |  | 262 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 262 |  |  |  | 100 | %
Remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability |  |  | (112 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (112 | ) |  |  | 100 | %
Other income (expense), net |  |  | 160 |  |  |  | 207 |  |  |  | (47 | ) |  |  | (23 | )%
Total other income (expense), net |  |  | (325 | ) |  |  | (50,646 | ) |  |  | 50,321 |  |  |  | (99 | )%
Loss before income taxes |  |  | (10,542 | ) |  |  | (65,526 | ) |  |  | 54,984 |  |  |  | (84 | )%
Income tax provision |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 0 | %
Net loss |  | $ | (10,542 | ) |  | $ | (65,526 | ) |  | $ | 54,984 |  |  |  | (84 | )%

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Correction of an Error

It was identified that certain 2024 expenses previously recorded as research and development were related to activities that should be recorded as general and administrative. As a result, management has corrected this error by increasing general and administrative expense by $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, and decreasing research and development expense by $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. This classification adjustment was made to better reflect the nature of the expenses in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The misclassification has no impact on the Company’s total operating expenses, net loss, or net loss per share. The Company analyzed the potential impact of the misclassification error in accordance with the appropriate guidance, from both a qualitative and quantitative perspective, and concluded that the error was not material to any prior year period.

Revenue

Revenue increased by $1.4 million, or 1,864%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, which was primarily attributable to increased sales of products from the Vegan Silk Technology Platform, including shipments for Bolt’s partnership with Goddess Maintenance Company and reorders from prior launches. In October 2024, we entered into a three-year supply agreement with a customer, which includes annual minimum order quantities. Our revenue in 2025 was predominantly due to purchases under that supply agreement.

47

Cost of revenue and gross loss

Cost of revenue increased by $1.3 million, or 841%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, which was primarily attributable to increased sales of products from the Vegan Silk Technology Platform.

Gross income (loss) improved from a gross loss of $0.08 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to gross income of $0.06 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, which was primarily attributable to a reduction in material costs and on-going pricing discipline.

Operating expenses

Research and development

Research and development expenses increased by $0.2 million, or 17%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, which was primarily attributable to an increase in stock-based compensation and outside consulting spend.

Sales and marketing

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $0.2 million, or 146%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, which was primarily attributable to an increase in marketing spend, as well as an in increase in personnel costs, including stock-based compensation.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses decreased by $4.9 million, or 37%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, which was primarily attributable to a decrease in finance and legal costs related to financings in the prior year. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in stock-based compensation and personnel costs related to increased headcount, as well as higher insurance costs and finance and legal consulting costs.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest expense

Interest expense was relatively flat, decreasing by $0.01 million, or 1%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes

Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes decreased by $26.4 million, or 100%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. There was no loss on extinguishment for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as the convertible notes were no longer outstanding as a result of the Merger in August 2024. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information.

Remeasurement of convertible preferred stock warrant liability

Remeasurement of convertible preferred stock warrant liability decreased by $0.10 million, or 100%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The convertible preferred stock warrants were no longer outstanding during the six months ended June 30, 2025 as a result of the Merger in August 2024. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Warrants” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information.

Remeasurement of share-based termination liability

Remeasurement of share-based termination liability decreased by $1.3 million, or 100%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The share-based termination liability was not outstanding during the three months ended June 30, 2025 as it was derecognized in September 2024. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Share-based Termination Liability” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information.

48

Remeasurement of convertible notes

The convertible notes are related to transactions that took place during the fourth quarter 2023 and the first nine months of 2024, which resulted in the remeasurement of convertible notes of $17.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. There were no convertible notes outstanding during the six months ended June 30, 2025. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information.

Remeasurement of related party convertible notes

The related party convertible notes are related to transactions that took place during the fourth quarter 2023 and the first nine months of 2024, which resulted in the remeasurement of the related party convertible notes of $5.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. There were no related party convertible notes outstanding during the six months ended June 30, 2025. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information.

Remeasurement of public placement warrant liability

Remeasurement of public placement warrant liability resulted in a gain of $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. There was no remeasurement of public placement warrant liability for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as it was not outstanding during that period. The change in the remeasurement of the public placement warrant liability is entirely related to previously issued warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock, which were assumed in connection with the Merger. In addition, the change in fair value is a direct result of the assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model used to calculate the fair value as of each balance sheet date, including our estimated equity value at such time, the risk-free rate at such time, the timing of the warrant expiration, and the estimated volatility. Refer to Note 4 and Note 7 in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 included elsewhere in this prospectus for more information.

Remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability

Remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability resulted in a loss of $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. There was no remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as it was not outstanding during that period. The change in the remeasurement of the related party private placement warrant liability is related to previously issued warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock, which were issued to the Sponsor, a related party, and were assumed in connection with the Merger. The change in the remeasurement of the related party private placement warrant liability also includes the change in fair value after a modification to the warrants were made during the six months ended June 30, 2025, which resulted in a reduction of the exercise price of the warrants. In addition, the change in fair value is a direct result of the assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model used to calculate the fair value as of each balance sheet date, including our estimated equity value at such time, the risk-free rate at such time, the timing of the warrant expiration, and the estimated volatility. Refer to Note 4 and Note 7 in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 included elsewhere in this prospectus for more information.

Other income (expense), net

Other income decreased by $0.05 million, or 23%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, which was primarily related to penalties incurred on the excise tax liability.

49

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

The results of operations presented below should be reviewed in conjunction with the audited annual consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this prospectus. The following table sets forth our results of operations data for the periods presented:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 (Revised) |  |  | Dollar Change |  |  | Percentage Change |
|  | (in thousands) |
Revenue |  | $ | 1,373 |  |  | $ | 3,441 |  |  | $ | (2,068 | ) |  |  | (60 | )%
Cost of revenue |  |  | 1,466 |  |  |  | 4,846 |  |  |  | (3,380 | ) |  |  | (70 | )%
Gross loss |  |  | (93 | ) |  |  | (1,405 | ) |  |  | 1,312 |  |  |  | 93 | %
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 6,245 |  |  |  | 9,632 |  |  |  | (3,387 | ) |  |  | (35 | )%
Sales and marketing |  |  | 1,989 |  |  |  | 866 |  |  |  | 1,123 |  |  |  | 130 | %
General and administrative |  |  | 33,281 |  |  |  | 18,757 |  |  |  | 14,524 |  |  |  | 77 | %
Restructuring costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,973 |  |  |  | (3,973 | ) |  |  | (100 | )%
Total operating expenses |  |  | 41,515 |  |  |  | 33,228 |  |  |  | 8,287 |  |  |  | 25 | %
Loss from operations |  |  | (41,608 | ) |  |  | (34,633 | ) |  |  | (6,975 | ) |  |  | (20 | )%
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19,285 | ) |  |  | 19,285 |  |  |  | 100 | %
Lease impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,274 | ) |  |  | 2,274 |  |  |  | 100 | %
Interest expense |  |  | (1,504 | ) |  |  | (3,503 | ) |  |  | 1,999 |  |  |  | 57 | %
Gain (loss) on lease termination |  |  | 2,015 |  |  |  | (319 | ) |  |  | 2,334 |  |  |  | 732 | %
Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes |  |  | (26,359 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (26,359 | ) |  |  | (100 | )%
Loss on supply agreement termination |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,211 | ) |  |  | 2,211 |  |  |  | 100 | %
Remeasurement of convertible preferred stock warrant liability |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | (121 | ) |  |  | (95 | )%
Remeasurement of public placement warrant liability |  |  | 24,907 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,907 |  |  |  | 100 | %
Remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability |  |  | 13,001 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,001 |  |  |  | 100 | %
Remeasurement of share-based termination liability |  |  | (979 | ) |  |  | (296 | ) |  |  | (683 | ) |  |  | (231 | )%
Remeasurement of convertible notes |  |  | (31,664 | ) |  |  | (281 | ) |  |  | (31,383 | ) |  |  | (11168 | )%
Remeasurement of related party convertible notes |  |  | (3,752 | ) |  |  | (115 | ) |  |  | (3,637 | ) |  |  | (3163 | )%
Other income, net |  |  | 544 |  |  |  | 5,070 |  |  |  | (4,526 | ) |  |  | (89 | )%
Total other expense, net |  |  | (23,785 | ) |  |  | (23,087 | ) |  |  | (698 | ) |  |  | (3 | )%
Loss before income taxes |  |  | (65,393 | ) |  |  | (57,720 | ) |  |  | (7,673 | ) |  |  | (13 | )%
Income tax provision |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net loss |  | $ | (65,393 | ) |  | $ | (57,720 | ) |  | $ | (7,673 | ) |  |  | (13 | )%

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Correction of an Error

It was identified that certain 2023 expenses previously recorded as general and administrative were related to activities that should be recorded as research and development or sales and marketing. As a result, management has corrected this error by reducing general and administrative expense by $2.6 million, increasing sales and marketing expense by $0.6 million, and increasing research and development by $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company analyzed the potential impact of the misclassification error in accordance with the appropriate guidance, from both a qualitative and quantitative perspective, and concluded that the error was not material to any prior year period. Refer to Note 3 in our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus.

Revenue

Revenue decreased by $2.1 million, or 60%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, which was primarily attributable to decreased sales of products from the Vegan Silk Technology Platform, including our b-silk product. We had an agreement with one customer that provided for minimum purchase requirements of $1.0 million and $1.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. After completing their evaluations, beginning in the first quarter of 2023, that customer made several large-scale purchases that led to a significant increase in our revenue for 2023. The large-scale purchases that this customer made during the latter half of 2023 may not be indicative of the level of purchases that customer may make in future periods. For example, that customer did not make any additional purchases in 2024. In October 2024, we entered into a three-year supply agreement with another customer, which includes annual minimum order quantities. Our revenue in 2024 was predominantly due to purchases under that supply agreement in the fourth quarter of 2024.

50

Cost of revenue and gross loss

Cost of revenue decreased by $3.4 million, or 70%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, which was primarily attributable to the decrease of biomanufacturing costs relative to the decreased sales from our Vegan Silk Technology Platform, particularly our b-silk product.

Gross loss decreased by $1.3 million, or 93%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, which was primarily attributable to decreased cost of revenue, partially offset by decreased revenue.

Operating expenses

Research and development

Research and development expenses were $6.2 million and $9.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and decreased by $3.4 million, or 35%. The expenses during 2024 were primarily related to the continued development of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform, in addition to stock-based compensation expense related to the vesting of certain Restricted Stock Unit grants based on the completion of the Merger transaction. The expenses during 2023 were primarily related to the development of Mylo and our Vegan Silk Technology Platform. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we focused on the development of a pilot production line in various locations, to assist in the eventual production of both Mylo and the Vegan Silk Technology Platform, while continuing to support development of Mylo and the Vegan Silk Technology Platform in third-party factory facilities. The decrease during the year ended December 31, 2024, was related to the discontinuation of the production of Mylo in 2023, that led to the reduced focus on research and development, which included a decrease in personnel headcount, and the shift in focus from in-house process development to supporting and assisting manufacturing partners with production-related processes. Spending on the Vegan Silk Technology Platform on a standalone basis increased year-over-year and focused on continued refinement of the manufacturing process, support for manufacturing our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products at additional facilities and modification of the strain to achieve a variety of strategic objectives for customers.

Sales and marketing

Sales and marketing increased by $1.1 million, or 130%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, which was primarily attributable to an increase of stock-based compensation expense related to the vesting of certain Restricted Stock Unit grants based on the completion of the Merger transaction that took place during August 2024, partially offset by a temporary suspension of our sales and marketing efforts until we could raise additional capital.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses increased by $14.5 million, or 77%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, which was primarily attributable to an increase of stock-based compensation expense of $13.1 million, most of which was related to the vesting of certain Restricted Stock Unit grants based on the completion of the Merger transaction that took place during August 2024, an increase of $7.9 million of Bridge Convertible Notes issuance costs, as well as an increase of $1.2 million of consulting and other costs related to operating as a public company, partially offset by $5.1 million that represents an overall reduction of our general and administrative costs until we could raise additional capital, in addition to a reduction to legal fees of $2.7 million.

Restructuring costs

Restructuring costs decreased by $4.0 million, or 100%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, which was attributable to employee costs incurred related to our reduction in workforce during 2023.

Property and equipment impairment

Property and equipment impairment decreased by $19.3 million, or 100%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, which is entirely a result of the impairment of property and equipment that was used previously in the manufacture of a product that we de-emphasized in order to adjust our strategic focus towards b-silk in early 2023.

Lease impairment

Lease impairment decreased by $2.3 million, or 100%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, which was entirely attributable to the right of use assets related our leases in the Netherlands becoming impaired due to Mylo production being shut down in 2023.

Interest expense

Interest expense decreased by $2.0 million, or 57%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, which was primarily attributable to an $18.2 million decrease in the principal balance of our Ginkgo debt as part of the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement Amendment No. 1 in December 2023.

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Gain (loss) on lease termination

We recorded a gain on lease termination of $2.0 million and a loss on lease termination of $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the loss was entirely attributable to the termination of our Berkeley lease. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the gain was entirely attributable to the termination of two of our Netherlands leases that resulted from de-recognizing our lease liability as we had previously recorded an impairment of our right-of-use (“ROU”) assets related to these leases in 2023. Refer to Note 13 in our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus.

Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes

Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes is related to the Second Amendment to the Note Purchase Agreement, which we entered into during June 2024. Due to the substantial change to the conversion feature, we accounted for this amendment as a debt extinguishment, which resulted in the recognition of a loss on extinguishment of $26.4 million in our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. Refer to Note 8 in our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus.

Loss on supply agreement termination

Loss on supply agreement lease termination decreased by $2.2 million, or 100%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, which was entirely attributable to the termination of one of our supply agreements.

Remeasurement of convertible preferred stock warrant liability

Remeasurement of convertible preferred stock warrant liability decreased by $0.1 million, or 95%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The change in the preferred stock warrant liability is a direct result of the assumptions used in the option pricing model used to calculate the fair value as of each balance sheet date, including the expected timing of a liquidity event, our estimated equity value at such time, and estimated volatility. Immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger in August 2024, each issued and outstanding convertible preferred stock warrant to purchase Bolt Threads Convertible Preferred Stock converted into a warrant to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, with each warrant subject to the same terms and conditions as were applicable to the original warrant and having an exercise price and number of shares of common stock purchasable based on the Exchange Ratio and other terms contained in the Merger Agreement. Refer to Note 4 in our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus.

Remeasurement of public placement warrant liability

Remeasurement of public placement warrant liability decreased by $24.9 million, or 100%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The change in the remeasurement of public placement warrant liability is entirely related to previously issued warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock, which were assumed in connection with the Merger. In addition, the change in the fair value is a direct result of the assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model used to calculate the fair value as of the Merger’s Closing Date and the balance sheet date, including our estimated equity value at such time, the risk-free rate at such time, the timing of the warrant expiration, and the estimated volatility. Refer to Notes 5 and Note 9 in our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 included in this prospectus.

Remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability

Remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability decreased by $13.0 million, or 100%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The change in the remeasurement of the related party private placement warrant liability is entirely related to previously issued warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock, which were issued to the Sponsor, a related party, and were assumed in connection with the Merger. In addition, the change in fair value is a direct result of the assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model used to calculate the fair value as of each balance sheet date, including our estimated equity value at such time, the risk-free rate at such time, the timing of the warrant expiration, and the estimated volatility. Refer to Notes 5 and Note 9 in our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 included in this prospectus.

Remeasurement of share-based termination liability

Remeasurement of share-based termination liability increased by $0.7 million, or 231%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The share-based termination liability is related to transactions that took place during the third quarter of 2023. Further, the change in share-based termination liability is a direct result of the assumptions used in the model to calculate the fair value as of the balance sheet date. After the Merger was completed in August 2024, the Company issued the 37,500 shares of common stock to its landlord and its supplier to settle the shared-based termination liability. Refer to Note 7 in our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus.

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Remeasurement of convertible notes

The convertible notes are related to transactions, which resulted in the remeasurement of convertible notes of $31.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Further, the remeasurement in the convertible notes is a direct result of the assumptions used in the model used to calculate the fair value as of the balance sheet date. Immediately prior to the Effective Time, each Convertible Note automatically converted into shares of common stock in accordance with the Merger Agreement and the Bridge NPA. Refer to Notes 5 and 8 in our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus.

Remeasurement of related party convertible notes

The related party convertible notes are related to transactions, which resulted in the remeasurement of the related party convertible notes of $3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Further, the remeasurement in the related party convertible notes is a direct result of the assumptions used in the model used to calculate the fair value as of the balance sheet date. Immediately prior to the Effective Time, each Convertible Note automatically converted into shares of common stock in accordance with the Merger Agreement and the Bridge NPA. Refer to Notes 5 and 8 in our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus.

Other expense, net

Other expense, net decreased by $4.5 million, or 89%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, which was primarily attributable a Federal Employee retention credit of $1.8 million recorded in 2023 and a gain of $2.5 million also recorded in 2023 related to the December 2023 Ginkgo NPA Amendment as defined below. Refer to Note 8 in our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Capital Requirements

We have incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations since our inception and have historically funded our operations primarily with the proceeds from sales of our convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, Senior Secured Notes, and common stock. As of June 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $1.0 million and an accumulated deficit of $472.3 million. As described above, in August 2025 we entered the Settlement Agreement with Seneca and consummated the August 2025 PIPE Transaction.

We will need substantial capital to support our product development and operations. Based upon our current operating plan, we estimate that our cash and cash equivalents as of the date of this filing are insufficient to fund operating, investing, and financing cash flow needs for the following twelve months.

These uncertainties raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of twelve months subsequent to the date of filing of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on August 12, 2025. To obtain the capital necessary to fund the operations, we expect to obtain funds through generating additional customer contracts and restructuring our current equity instruments as well as current financial obligations. Certain elements of the operating plan to alleviate the conditions that raise substantial doubt, including but not limited to the Company’s ability to achieve its operating cash flow targets, or restructure its current equity instruments and current financial obligations, are outside of the Company’s control. Accordingly, we cannot conclude that management’s plans will be effectively implemented within one year. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for one year following the date of filing of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on August 12, 2025

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Because we are in the growth stage of our business, we plan to make capital expenditures and related transactions and may incur significant capital expenditures in the future as we expand our research and business. In addition, cash requirements relate primarily to working capital needed to operate and grow our business, including funding operating expenses, growth in working capital requirements to support increased revenue, continued expansion of our markets, continued development and expansion of our products, expanding fermentation capacity with our manufacturing partners, and the possible repayment or refinancing of any long-term debt that may be incurred. We will also require additional capital to respond to technological advancements, competitive dynamics or technologies, customer demands, business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions, or unforeseen circumstances and may determine to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities for other reasons. Any equity securities issued subsequent to the Merger may provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of holders of common stock in Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. If we raise funds by issuing debt securities, these debt securities would have rights, preferences, and privileges senior to those of holders of common stock in Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. The terms of debt securities or borrowings could impose significant restrictions on our operations. Additionally, the credit market and financial services industry have experienced recent periods of volatility and uncertainty that could impact the availability and cost of equity and debt financing. We cannot guarantee that any necessary additional financing will be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. Additionally, even if we raise sufficient capital through additional equity or debt financings, strategic alternatives or otherwise, there can be no assurance that the revenue or capital infusion will be sufficient to enable us to develop our business to a level where it will be profitable or generate positive cash flow. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited.

Senior Secured Notes

On December 29, 2023, we entered the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement Amendment No. 1 to modify our Senior Secured Notes. Under the terms of the modification, $10.0 million of outstanding principal was exchanged for an equal number of Convertible Notes with the same terms as the convertible notes issued pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement entered into by the PIPE Subscribers. The remaining $20.0 million of outstanding principal, $0.1 million of unamortized issuance costs, and accrued interest of $1.7 million related to the outstanding principal, were exchanged for amended senior secured notes with a principal balance of $11.8 million, a nonexclusive right to license Bolt Threads’ intellectual property relating to Mylo, and a reduction of the prepaid balance relating to the 2022 Technical Development Agreement (“2022 TDA”) by $5.4 million. The Amended Senior Note increased the interest rate from the Senior Secured Notes from the existing rate of treasury rate plus 6% per annum to a fixed rate of 12% per annum. In addition, the Amended Senior Note extended the Maturity Date from October 14, 2024 per the Senior Secured Notes to December 31, 2027.

On April 3, 2024, we entered a second amendment to the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement. Such amendment provides that (i) cash interest payments due from the date of the amendment until the occurrence of the Merger may, at our option, be paid in kind by capitalizing and adding such accrued interest to the principal of the Amended Senior Note and (ii) immediately following the Merger, we prepay $250,000 in aggregate principal amount of the Amended Senior Note for each interest payment that was so paid in kind, in addition to accrued but unpaid interest on the principal amount prepaid. In connection with the Closing of the Merger, we paid an aggregate amount of $0.5 million.

On July 3, 2025, the Company and Ginkgo entered into a waiver agreement to the Amended Senior Note, which deferred the June 30, 2025 interest payment date to July 31, 2025. On August 7, the Company and Ginkgo entered into a waiver agreement to the Amended Senior Note, which further deferred the June 30, 2025 interest payment date to the earlier of x) the date that the claims purchase agreement between Ginkgo and Seneca terminates (see Note 12 - Subsequent Events for more information on the Seneca transaction) or y) August 31, 2025.

Purchase Agreement

On September 12, 2025, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with the Selling Stockholder relating to the ELOC. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have the right from time to time at our option to sell to the Selling Stockholder up to $20.0 million of our common stock, subject to certain customary conditions and limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement, including that (i) the Selling Stockholder is not obligated to purchase or acquire any shares of common stock that would result in its beneficial ownership exceeding 9.99% of our then-outstanding voting power and (ii) the Selling Stockholder is not obligated to purchase shares of common stock if the volume weighted average price for the common stock on an Advance Notice Date is less than the Floor Price.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation, to direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase shares of common stock at its sole discretion from time to time until the earlier of (i) the first day of the month following the 36-month period after the effective date of a registration statement registering the resale of the common stock sold to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and (ii) $20.0 million of common stock having been sold to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

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Cash Flow Summary

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Cash used in operating activities |  | $ | (2,856 | ) |  | $ | (7,362 | )
Cash used in investing activities |  |  | (12 | ) |  |  | (13 | )
Cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 330 |  |  |  | 16,300 |
Exchange rate effect on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | - |  |  |  | (47 | )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | $ | (2,538 | ) |  | $ | 8,878 |

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $2.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, a decrease of $4.5 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in net cash used in operating activities was primarily attributable to a decrease in net loss, a decrease in inventory as compared to an increase in the prior year, a larger decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets as compared to the prior year, and an increase in accounts payable as compared to a decrease in the prior year.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was immaterial for both the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and consisted primarily of the purchases of property and equipment.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to cash provided by financing activities of $16.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The difference was related to the proceeds received from the Bridge Financing Notes during the six months ended June 30, 2024. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information on the Bridge Financing Notes.

For the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Cash used in operating activities |  | $ | (16,147 | ) |  | $ | (29,225 | )
Cash used in investing activities |  |  | (23 | ) |  |  | (678 | )
Cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 18,810 |  |  |  | 5,551 |
Exchange rate effect on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | (62 | ) |  |  | 12 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | $ | 2,578 |  |  | $ | (24,340 | )

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Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $16.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $13.1 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in net cash used in operating activities was primarily attributable to a decrease in operating expenses and non-cash adjustments, being partially offset by the timing of settling receivables and payables in operating activities.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $0.02 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and consisted entirely of the purchase of property and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities was $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and consisted of the purchase of property and equipment, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of property and equipment.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $18.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and consisted of $22.6 million proceeds received from Bridge financing, $5.3 million proceeds from the Merger with GAMC and $0.4 million proceeds from issuance of common stock, being partially offset by payments totaling $6.0 million of deferred transaction costs, $2.3 million of related party convertible notes, $0.6 million for related party promissory notes, and $0.6 million for amended senior notes. Net cash provided by financing activities was $5.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and consisted of $7.0 million proceeds received from Bridge financing related to PIPE Subscribers offset by $1.4 million of deferred transaction costs.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

As of June 30, 2025 and through the date hereof, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

In the ordinary course of our operations, we enter into certain contractual obligations. Such obligations include manufacturing arrangements, leases, and debt arrangements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 3 in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and Note 3 to audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in this prospectus for recently adopted accounting pronouncements and recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted as of the dates of the statement of financial position included in this filing.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs, and expenses, and related disclosure in the notes of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. Bolt Threads evaluates its accounting policies, estimates, and judgments on an on-going basis. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

While the significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 3 in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and Note 3 in the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 included elsewhere in this prospectus, management believes that the following accounting policies are those most critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Revenue Recognition

Our revenue contracts represent a single performance obligation to sell our products or provide services to customers. Sales are recorded at the time control of the product is transferred to customers, or when services are rendered, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services provided. Control is the ability of customers to “direct the use of” and “obtain” the benefit from our products. In evaluating the timing of the transfer of control of products to customers, we consider several control indicators, including significant risks and rewards of products, our right to payment and the legal title of the products. Based on the assessment of control indicators, sales are generally recognized when products are shipped to customers. Service revenue is generally recognized over time as services are performed.

Deferred Transaction Costs

Deferred transaction costs consist of legal, accounting, filing and other fees and costs directly attributable to anticipated financing transactions. Prior to the close of an anticipated financing, we capitalize deferred transaction costs within the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company will reclassify the deferred transaction costs to additional paid-in capital to offset the proceeds received upon the closing of a financing transaction

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

We evaluate the recoverability of our long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets, for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such assets may not be recoverable. In determining the recoverability of the asset value, we perform an analysis at the asset group level, since this is the lowest level of identifiable cash flows, and primarily perform an assessment of historical and projected future cash flows and other relevant factors and circumstances, including changes in the economic environment and future operating plans of the business. The recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds its estimated future cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset group. Projecting undiscounted future cash flows requires the use of estimates and assumptions that are largely unobservable and classified as Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. If actual performance does not align with or exceed such projections, we may be required to recognize impairment charges in futures periods and such charges could be material.

Stock-Based Compensation

We grant restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees and non-employee consultants, which vest upon the satisfaction of both the service-based condition or performance milestone-based condition(s) and a liquidity event condition. The fair value of restricted stock units is determined based on our estimated fair value of common stock at the date of the grant. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, we recognized $3.3 million as stock-based compensation expense for the RSUs.

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We also grant stock options to employees and non-employees with an exercise price equal to the fair value of the shares at the date of grant. All stock option grants are accounted for using the fair value method and compensation is recognized as the underlying options vest. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock option awards. The Black-Scholes model considers several variables and assumptions in estimating the fair value of the stock-based awards. These variables include the fair market value of common stock, stock-price volatility, expected term, expected dividends, risk-free interest rates, and forfeitures.

| ● | Fair Value of Common stock - Given the absence of a public trading market, we considered numerous objective and subjective factors to determine the fair market value of common stock. These factors included but were not limited to (i) contemporaneous third-party valuations of common stock; (ii) the rights and preferences of preferred stock relative to common stock; (iii) the lack of marketability of common stock; (iv) developments in the business; and (v) the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an initial public offering or sale of Bolt Threads, given prevailing market conditions. In valuing our common stock at various dates, the third-party valuation specialists determined the equity value of our business using a mix of the income and market approaches. The income approach focuses on the income-producing capability of the business, while the market approach measures the value of the business through an analysis of recent sales or offerings of comparable investments. Application of these approaches involves the use of estimates, judgment, and assumptions that are highly complex and subjective, such as those regarding our expected future revenue, expenses, and future cash flows, discount rates, market multiples, the selection of comparable companies, and the probability of possible future events. Changes in any or all of these estimates and assumptions or the relationships between those assumptions impact our valuations as of each valuation date and may have a material impact on the valuation of our common stock. The estimates will not be necessary to determine the fair value of new awards once the underlying shares begin trading. Expected Volatility — Expected volatility is estimated based on historical volatilities of comparable public companies operating in our industry.

| ● | Expected Term — The expected term of the options represents the period the options are expected to be outstanding and is estimated using the simplified method. We believe it is appropriate to use the simplified method in determining the expected life of options because we do not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term for options.

| ● | Dividend Yield — We have historically not issued dividends and do not expect to in the future.

| ● | Risk-free Interest Rate — The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.

| ● | Forfeitures — Forfeitures are recognized as they occur.

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In valuing our common stock at various dates, the third-party valuation specialists determined the equity value of our business using a mix of the income and market approaches. The income approach focuses on the income-producing capability of the business, while the market approach measures the value of the business through an analysis of recent sales or offerings of comparable investments.

Application of these approaches involves the use of estimates, judgment, and assumptions that are highly complex and subjective, such as those regarding our expected future revenue, expenses, and future cash flows, discount rates, market multiples, the selection of comparable companies, and the probability of possible future events. Changes in any or all of these estimates and assumptions or the relationships between those assumptions impact our valuations as of each valuation date and may have a material impact on the valuation of our common stock. The estimates will not be necessary to determine the fair value of new awards once the underlying shares begin trading.

We use the same methods to estimate the fair value of awards granted to non-employees.

Common Stock Warrants

We account for common stock warrants as equity if the contract requires physical settlement or net physical settlement or if we have the option of physical settlement or net physical settlement and the warrants meet the requirements to be classified as equity. Common stock warrants classified as equity are initially measured at fair value using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model using various inputs, including our estimates of expected stock price volatility, term, risk-free rate and future dividends, on the issuance date and are not subsequently remeasured.

We account for common stock warrants as a liability if we can be required under any circumstances to settle the warrant by transferring cash or other assets. Common stock warrants classified as liabilities are initially recorded at fair value using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model on the issuance date and remeasured at fair value each balance sheet date with the offset adjustments recorded in remeasurement of common stock warrant liability within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants

We record convertible preferred stock warrants issued as freestanding warrants as liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at their estimated fair value at the time of initial recognition based on an option pricing model. Liability-classified warrants are subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date, and any change in fair value is recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. We will continue to remeasure the liability-classified warrants until the earlier of the exercise or expiration, the completion of a deemed liquidation event, the conversion of preferred stock into common stock, or until holders of the preferred stock can no longer trigger a deemed liquidation event. On expiration, the preferred stock warrants will automatically net exercise, unless the warrant holder provides written notice that it does not wish to exercise its warrants. Upon exercise, the related preferred stock warrant liability will be reclassified to preferred stock.

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Convertible Notes

Convertible notes are regarded as hybrid instruments, consisting of a liability component and an equity component. We determined that the convertible notes are eligible for the fair value option election in connection with the convertible notes under the Bridge NPA and the Ginkgo NPA Amendment as each instrument met the definition of a “recognized financial liability” which is an acceptable financial instrument eligible for the fair value option under ASC 825-10-15-4 and do not meet the definition of any of the financial instruments found within ASC 825-10-15-5 that are not eligible for the fair value option. At the date of issuance, the fair value for each instrument is derived from the instrument’s implied discount rate at inception. Changes in fair value of the convertible notes are measured through the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss until settlement.

Share-based Termination Liability

In September 2023, we negotiated a contingent lease termination agreement with our landlord for the Berkeley facility lease. As a result of our issuance of 30,000 shares of our common stock to the landlord after the closing of the Business Combination, the Berkeley lease facility was considered terminated as of September 10, 2023 pursuant to the lease termination agreement. Further, in October 2023, we entered into a settlement agreement with one of our suppliers. As a result of us paying $1.0 million and issuing 75,000 shares of our common stock to the supplier after the closing of the Business Combination, the Supply Agreement was considered terminated as of July 13, 2023, pursuant to the settlement agreement.

We recorded the contingent issuance of shares as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets at its estimated fair value at the time of initial recognition based on an option pricing model, with changes in fair value recorded through earnings, as the new public company shares are not considered to be indexed to the Company’s own shares at the time the termination occurred.

Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company Status

We are an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies.

Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if, as an “emerging growth company,” we choose to rely on such exemptions we may not be required to, among other things, (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, (iii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the PCAOB regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the consolidated financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis), or (iv) disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the CEO’s compensation to median employee compensation. These exemptions will apply for a period up to December 31, 2026, the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of GAMC’s initial public offering, or such earlier time as when (i) our annual gross revenue exceeds $1.235 billion, (ii) we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period or (iii) we become a large accelerated filer as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act.

Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited consolidated financial statements.

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BUSINESS

Mission

Bolt Threads was created out of a strong passion and purpose: to pioneer sustainable materials and lead the way to a brighter future, benefiting both humanity and the planet we call home.

It started with two visionary synthetic biology PhDs, driven by a deep fascination with nature’s billions of years of invention, especially the intricate world of spider webs. They believed in the potential to replace harmful materials within the consumer goods industry with sustainable alternatives — one material at a time.

Drawing on 3.8 billion years of life on earth, we established a company rooted in the power of biology - and therefore biotechnology - to discover multiple new biomaterials, addressing pressing challenges for both our customers and the world.

Our aspiration is to transform the global consumer goods industry, starting in beauty and personal care with ingredients that are better for the environment while improving product performance.

In short: way better materials, for a way better world.

Overview

Bolt harnesses biotechnology to build biomaterials that aims to disrupt and transform high-volume consumer goods industries. We are a pioneer in the consumer biomaterials space. Our first offering, the Vegan Silk Technology Platform currently includes b-silk and xl-silk, which are fully biodegradable, film-forming, versatile and functional ingredients for the beauty and personal care industry. Our first output from this Platform, b-silk, has been on the market since 2019. This Platform is backed by a patent portfolio that includes 80 granted patents and 116 pending patent applications. Further, we have developed substantial trade secrets and expertise over more than 13 years of development and more than $300 million invested in research and product development.

In early 2023, we made a strategic decision to discontinue the development of our other product candidates and focus entirely on the Vegan Silk Technology Platform, reinforcing our commitment to high-impact, scalable innovation. By discontinuing the development of all other product candidates, and concentrating our resources and expertise, we are accelerating the commercialization of biotechnology ingredients for the beauty and personal care industry, unlocking new applications and long-term value for our investors, partners, and customers.

We have a history of net losses, including a net loss of $65.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $10.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2025, our accumulated deficit was $472.3 million.

Moving forward, we are committed to developing the Vegan Silk Technology Platform as our foundation for a high-value, scalable business with attractive costs and margins. Over time, we believe this will enable us to reinvest in our broader portfolio and expand our Vegan Silk Technology Platform to include additional sustainable materials that support our mission of building biomaterial platforms for high-volume consumer goods brands.

Introduction to the Vegan Silk Technology Platform

Inspired by nature and engineered in the lab, we make our vegan silk from materials such as yeast, sugar and water, drawing from the structure of many intrinsic silks sequence from nature. We believe these proprietary polypeptides not only have the potential to replace silicone elastomers in a variety of formulations as a fully biodegradable and non-toxic film former alternative, but as a functional ingredient with extended claims for hair, skin and color cosmetics.

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The Beauty and Personal Care Market

The overall market Bolt serves is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 7.7% to reach $973 billion by 2030 according to Grandview Research. This market is undergoing a transformation, driven by regulatory changes and consumer demand for more sustainable solutions, moving away from pervasive synthetic materials and naturally derived ingredients that are no longer environmentally viable. Within this market, Bolt’s biotechnology approach offers innovative, high performance biomaterials that leverage the Platform capabilities to provide sustainable replacements for these undesirable materials in formulations.

The Silicone Elastomer Market

The global silicone market within the beauty and personal care market has grown exponentially amid changes in regulatory environments around the world. According to Global Market Insights, the global silicone market is estimated to be between $16.7 billion and $19.9 billion, with the silicone elastomers subsector representing a $6.3 billion to $10.0 billion global market. Furthermore, according to Grandview Research and Global Market Insights, the silicone market is poised to register around a 6% compound annual growth rate from 2022 to 2030. In the personal care products and consumer products segment, the Global Silicone Council estimates that a total of 390,000 tons of silicone products are sold annually.

One of the many uses for products made from Bolt’s Vegan Silk Technology Platform is to capitalize on this opportunity. Bolt not only has the ability to displace silicone elastomers, but to do so while offering a wider range of potential claims as a functional cosmetic ingredient. We believe even limited penetration of this market opportunity offers substantial revenue potential, as many target customers have committed to reducing or eliminating their use of silicone elastomers or may be required to do so in response to regulatory pressures.

The Challenges of Silicone Elastomers

Silicone elastomers leave behind a persistent film even after being washed off. Just as this chemistry can clog pores on human skin, the same microscopic plastics can clog drains and accrete in the water system. Silicone elastomers washed down drains add to the accumulating masses of non-biodegradable materials flushed into our environment. This concern has driven manufacturers to search for alternatives and has created political pressure for regulations limiting the use of silicone elastomers. In the face of this, the industry has struggled to find substitute ingredients that perform comparably, leaving manufacturers to continue relying on silicone elastomers. The Global Silicone Council has indicated that a total of 390,000 tons of silicone products are sold each year in the personal care and consumer products sector.

The Vegan Silk Technology Platform Solution

We believe the products made with the Vegan Silk Technology Platform have the potential to substantially replace silicone elastomers with a more sustainable alternative, while outperforming them on several key attributes and providing multiple additional active benefits.

However, each output from the Vegan Silk Technology Platform matches or outperforms silicone elastomers across various metrics in blind trials even at reduced loading levels. Loading levels refer to the percentage of a specific ingredient within a complete formula.

We believe this is an attractive combination of features for manufacturers and that offerings like b-silk have the ability to replace the problematic, bio-persistent chemistry of silicone elastomers. Because offerings like b-silk are made with a few simple biological ingredients, they are highly biodegradable.

In addition, we believe consumer product formulators find products like b-silk easy to work with as a stable, robust ingredient that does not react negatively with other common ingredients. Finally, formulators’ feedback to us has confirmed the versatility of the material in a variety of formulas, whether hair, skin or color, and the ease of mixing it with existing chemical combinations, which unleashes 20+ active benefits for a broader range of products.

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The key to the Vegan Silk Technology Platform’s active benefits is its affinity for water; it is a hydrophilic molecule. When it touches water, it creates pillow-shaped droplets that can coat skin and hair. This has the potential to allow formulators to enhance the sensory benefits of their products by creating a lightweight but firm film upon application. This film has the potential to provide several benefits including helping create the appearance of firmer and more elastic skin and hair, potentially mitigating signs of aging, contributing to more persistent curls and enabling a silk-like soft feel after washing. Relatively lightweight formulations could have the ability to maintain these effects while minimizing build-up and allowing for even spreadability and quick absorption.

Our product has been used in formulations sold to consumers since 2019. Since that time, we have substantially reduced the cost of manufacturing b-silk through process optimization.

Vegan Silk Technology Platform Customer Landscape

We believe we can support the world’s largest beauty and cosmetic manufacturers, which sell billions of dollars of products each year, with our Vegan Silk Technology Platform. As mentioned, these products support lower loading levels compared to silicone elastomers. Ingredients that are efficacious at lower loading levels can help formulators lower their costs of goods without affecting product performance. We believe formulators’ consistent focus on cost efficiencies will encourage expansion of the use of these products. To support further adoption of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform into the mass market, we will continue our efforts to reduce our cost of goods, driven by process development improvements and economies of scale. Additionally, we intend to introduce new vegan silk products from our platform and production strains to offer further lower cost options (under R&D work).

Production Strategy

While discovering the Vegan Silk Technology Platform was a complex and challenging endeavor, we aim to reduce complexity and use of capital with our go-to-market strategy. We focus on research, development, scaling, technical transfers, branding and commercialization, while leaving manufacturing to a network of third-party fermentation specialists. We believe that this strategy will eventually help to facilitate a higher margin financial profile while limiting total required capital investment and that it will provide capacity flexibility and supply chain agility to respond to market fluctuations.

Research and Development

We have spent over a decade researching, testing and developing materials that can replace the status quo of ingredients and processes found in the manufacturing of high-volume consumer goods. Our research and development process begins with researching and sourcing organisms and exemplar materials that are readily available within nature. From there, we narrow species and genotype, identifies genetics and engineers microorganisms for future production. We then begin product prototyping, material testing and product application development with customers for new products within existing industries. Finally, we engineer biological processes and chemistry to be compatible with contract manufacturing at commercial scale.

We developed b-silk through extensive and deep R&D. We comprehensively studied silk and other structural proteins to arrive at this material made from natural peptides. b-silk alone is protected by 47 granted patents and four trademarks that cover areas from the DNA sequence through manufacturing and product applications. We have expertise in the team and protected trade secrets accrued in developing and manufacturing the product. We have taken steps to protect the intellectual property behind the Vegan Silk Technology Platform because we believe it could replace a critical part of the beauty and personal care industry’s supply chain.

Go-to-Market Strategy

As currently formulated, we believe offerings from the Vegan Silk Technology Platform enjoy a large, multi-billion market opportunity in skincare, haircare, color cosmetics and a number of adjacent markets. We intend to focus our initial efforts on selling our product to the prestige and massive market segments. We believe further efforts to reduce cost of goods and the development of new products have the potential to expand the Platform into mass markets and to unlock both the household care and healthcare market segments. We believe this can drive substantial unit volume growth over time. As we build volume, we anticipate our strategy of cost of goods optimization will be accelerated by economies of scale.

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Beyond the Vegan Silk Technology Platform

Our long-term goal is to become a leader in synthetic biomaterials. We have developed significant intellectual property over the past thirteen years. We have developed additional offerings from the Vegan Silk Technology Platform, including xl-silk. These new offerings are modifications of existing molecules in response to needs and requests of current or prospective customers, including for enhanced water solubility and oil solubility and improved hair and skin binding. Additionally, we have several other potential products in our pipeline.

Manufacturing and Supply

We are in the process of diversifying and strengthening our manufacturing network to bolster the production capacity of the Vegan Silk Technology Platform and enhance supply chain resilience, since at this time we rely on just one strategic partner for manufacturing our products, Laurus Bio Private Limited (“Laurus Bio”). The Laurus Bio services agreement was renewed in October 2024. The terms governing price and quantity are set by each purchase order. We believe that utilizing a third-party manufacturing partner enables us to focus on our core competencies and maintain a capital efficient business model while leveraging this third party’s state of the art facilities, up-to-date and certified compliance with regulatory entities and economies of scale. We have not experienced any significant difficulty obtaining the quantities of our products necessary to meet demand. During 2024 we sold over 1,700 kilograms produced by Laurus Bio. Furthermore, Laurus Bio is undergoing capacity expansion by building a third facility, which is expected to add substantial capacity to its current capacity by the second half of 2026.

As demand for our products increase, we expect to validate multiple alternative sources to ensure agile response to changes in demand. Currently, we are in the process of validating a second supplier, and evaluating a third supplier. For a discussion of risks related to third-party contract manufacturers and suppliers, some of which are single source, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Products and Operations — We currently rely on a single manufacturing partner and manufacturing facility for the production of our Vegan Silk Technology Platform products and in the future intend to rely on a small number of manufacturing partners and manufacturing facilities both in the U.S. and internationally.”

Our products require raw materials that are neither rare or scarce, such as urea, dextrose, orthophosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide. We rely on our strategic partners to procure materials for the manufacturing process. We have not historically encountered any supply chain challenges, supplier disputes, regulatory restrictions, or inflationary pressures. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Products and Operations — If our costs of producing products from our Vegan Silk Technology Platform materially increase, we would have to raise our prices, which could negatively impact on our ability to gain new customers and keep existing customers.”

Seasonality

Our business is not considered to be seasonal. Various factors, however, can affect the distribution of our sales between accounting periods, including the timing of customer orders, acquisition of new customers, customer launches, and new product introductions.

Intellectual Property

Our success depends in large part upon our ability to obtain and maintain proprietary protection for our products and technologies and to operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of others. Our policy is to protect our proprietary position by, among other methods, filing for patent applications on inventions that are important to the development and conduct of its business with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and its foreign counterparts. We seek to avoid infringement by monitoring patents and publications in our product areas and technologies to be aware of developments that may affect our business, and to the extent we identify such developments, evaluate and take appropriate courses of action.

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As of August 31, 2025, we had 80 granted U.S. and foreign patents, which relate largely to b-silk and its method of manufacture and use, mycelium materials and methods of production, and resilin compositions and methods of use, and 116 pending U.S. and foreign patent applications. In particular, b-silk is protected by a total of 47 granted U.S. and foreign patents, including by patents relating to the composition of b-silk itself, as well as materials and methods relating to the production of b-silk and its end product uses, and 100 pending U.S. and foreign patent applications. Our current patents have expiration dates ranging from 2034 to 2042 and any patents resulting from pending patent applications are expected to expire between 2034 and 2044. In addition to the United States, we have issued patents in 19 countries and pending patent applications in 14 countries. The actual protection afforded by patents, which can vary from country to country, depends on the type of patent, the scope of its coverage and the availability of legal remedies in the country. The table below sets out summary information for each patent that we consider to be material to our business, all of which are U.S. utility patents relating to b-silk and each of which is owned by us.

Title |  | Scheduled Date of Expiration
METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR SYNTHESIZING IMPROVED SILK FIBERS |  | 09/17/2034
METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR SYNTHESIZING IMPROVED SILK FIBERS |  | 10/10/2034
METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR SYNTHESIZING IMPROVED SILK FIBERS |  | 09/17/2034
METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR SYNTHESIZING IMPROVED SILK FIBERS |  | 07/22/2037
METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR SYNTHESIZING IMPROVED SILK FIBERS |  | 12/01/2034
LONG UNIFORM RECOMBINANT PROTEIN FIBERS |  | 04/16/2040
ELASTOMERIC PROTEINS |  | 01/16/2038
ELASTOMERIC PROTEINS |  | 01/16/2038
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING HIGH SECRETED YIELDS OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS |  | 04/07/2038
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING HIGH SECRETED YIELDS OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS |  | 03/09/2038
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING HIGH SECRETED YIELDS OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS |  | 04/07/2038
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING HIGH SECRETED YIELDS OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS |  | 03/09/2038
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING HIGH SECRETED YIELDS OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS |  | 03/09/2038
MODIFIED STRAINS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT SILK |  | 10/03/2037
MODIFIED STRAINS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT SILK |  | 10/03/2037
METHODS OF GENERATING HIGHLY-CRYSTALLINE RECOMBINANT SPIDER SILK PROTEIN FIBERS |  | 09/08/2039
SEC MODIFIED STRAINS FOR IMPROVED SECRETION OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS |  | 05/17/2039
COMPOSITE MATERIAL, AND METHODS FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF |  | 05/22/2040
COMPOSITE MATERIAL, AND METHODS FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF |  | 05/22/2040
RESILIN MATERIAL FOOTWEAR AND FABRICATION METHODS |  | 10/19/2039
CUSTOM SIZING SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR A KNITTED GARMENT HAVING RADIAL SYMMETRY |  | 11/06/2038
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CUSTOM-SIZED GARMENTS |  | 02/02/2039

We also use other forms of protection (such as trademark and trade secret) to protect our intellectual property, particularly where we do not believe patent protection is appropriate or obtainable. We aim to take advantage of all of the intellectual property rights that are available to us and believe that this comprehensive approach provides us with a strong proprietary position.

We further protect its proprietary information by requiring our employees, consultants, contractors, and other advisers to execute nondisclosure and assignment of invention agreements upon commencement of its respective employment or engagement. Agreements with our employees also prevent them from bringing the proprietary rights of third parties to us. We also require confidentiality or material transfer agreements from third parties that receive our confidential data or materials.

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Competition

We develop and sell offerings from our Vegan Silk Technology Platform such as b-silk and xl-silk. They are all silicone elastomer replacements for consumer products in the beauty & personal care market. The silicone elastomer and specialty ingredients space within the beauty & personal care market is competitive. Competition is based on several key criteria, including product performance and quality, product price, product availability and security of supply, responsiveness of product development in cooperation with customers, customer service, industry knowledge, technical capability, as well as a newer critical element: sustainability.

The largest cosmetics companies in the world include L’Oréal, Estee Lauder and Unilever, among others. Multinational cosmetics companies are significantly larger than us and have greater financial resources, leading to greater operating and financial flexibility. While we believe that the market is shifting towards the replacement of silicone elastomers with a sustainable ingredient and products from our Vegan Silk Technology Platform are positioned to capture this market shift, silicone elastomer is expected to remain the primary ingredient for the foreseeable future. We expect that our products will compete with products produced from traditional silicone elastomer producers as well as from alternative production methods that established enterprises and new companies have developed and commercialized and are seeking to develop and commercialize. We view our main competition to be from silicone elastomers produced by traditional chemistries or derived from non-sustainable sources that we are working to replace with our products.

Other competitors that have developed products with similarities to our products include Givaudan Active Beauty, which develops Silkgel, a vegan and sustainable biomimetic silk; Spiber Inc., which develops Brewed Protein, a material for apparel made from plant-based ingredients; Seevix Material Sciences, which develops SVX, a vegan, spider silk-inspired biopolymer material; Evolved by Nature, which develops Activated Silk, a bioactive peptide solution; and hydrolyzed silk, an animal-derived byproduct. To our knowledge, Silkgel and Activated Silk are the only commercially available ingredients, whereas the others, based on publicly available information, remain under development. However, to our knowledge, none of these materials are currently being used or marketed as alternatives to silicone elastomers.

Government Regulation

Our products and operations, and those of our customers, are subject to various federal, state and international laws and regulations, including regulation in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”), and comparable regulators in other jurisdictions in which it operates. These laws and regulations principally relate to the advertising, promotion, product manufacturing, testing, storage, handling, distribution and disposal of its products. In particular, we supply certain ingredients to customers for use in their cosmetic products. In the United States, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (the “FDCA”), defines cosmetics as articles or components of articles intended for application to the human body to cleanse, beautify, promote attractiveness, or alter the appearance, with the exception of soap. The labeling of cosmetic products is subject to the requirements of the FDCA, the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, the Poison Prevention Packaging Act and other laws and regulations, including regulations of the FDA. Cosmetics are not subject to pre-market approval by the FDA. However, certain ingredients, such as color additives, must be pre-approved for the specific intended use of the product and are subject to certain restrictions on their use. The FDA may, by regulation, require warning statements on certain cosmetic products for specified hazards associated with such products. FDA regulations also prohibit or otherwise restrict the use of certain ingredients in cosmetic products. B-silk is not subject to pre-approval by the FDA and we believe is in material compliance with applicable regulations.

In addition, the FDA requires that cosmetic labeling and claims be truthful and not misleading. Moreover, cosmetics may not be marketed or labeled for their use in treating, preventing, mitigating, or curing disease or other conditions, or in affecting the structure or function of the body, as such claims would render the products to be a drug and subject to regulation as a drug. The FDA has issued warning letters to cosmetic companies alleging improper drug claims regarding their cosmetic products. In addition to FDA requirements, the FTC as well as state consumer protection laws and regulations can subject a cosmetics company to a range of requirements and theories of liability, including similar standards regarding false and misleading product claims, under which FTC or state enforcement or class-action lawsuits may be brought.

Manufacturing of cosmetics is also subject FDA requirements. In the United States, the FDCA prohibits the introduction, or delivery for introduction, into interstate commerce of cosmetics that are adulterated or misbranded. The FDA has historically recommended (but not required) certain voluntary good manufacturing practices (“GMPs”) designed to reduce the risk of violating this prohibition. However, recent legislation expanded the FDA’s authority to regulate cosmetics, including their manufacturing. Specifically, the Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022 (“MoCRA”), signed into law in December 2022, established, among other things, expanded FDA authority over cosmetic products, including requirements to register manufacturing facilities and list cosmetic products and ingredients, report serious adverse events, substantiate safety of the cosmetic, label cosmetics with certain information, and maintain certain records. The FDA now also has authority to enforce, and is required to issue, regulations governing GMPs for cosmetics. Although MoCRA required the FDA to issue a proposed rule for cosmetic GMPs in 2024 and to publish a final rule establishing cosmetic GMPs by December 2025, the FDA has yet to propose any rules or update its existing guidance documents with respect to such GMPs. Accordingly, the FDA’s draft guidance on cosmetic GMPs, last updated in June 2013, continues to provide the FDA’s most recent recommendations related to, among other things process documentation, recordkeeping, building and facility design, equipment maintenance and personnel. Many of MoCRA’s provisions apply directly to finished cosmetics manufacturing, but these requirements may be applied via contract to ingredient suppliers.

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In addition, the FDA monitors compliance of cosmetic products through market surveillance and inspection of cosmetic manufacturers and distributors to ensure that the products are not manufactured under unsanitary conditions, or labeled in a false or misleading manner. Inspections also may arise from consumer or competitor complaints filed with the FDA. In the event the FDA identifies unsanitary conditions, false or misleading labeling, or any other violation of the FDA’s laws or regulations, the FDA may request or require, or a manufacturer may independently decide, to conduct a recall or market withdrawal of cosmetic products. Failures to comply with applicable FDA regulations also may lead to, among other things, customer complaints, adverse events, warning letters, untitled letters, product seizures or detentions, and other criminal and civil fines and penalties.

Employees and Human Capital Resources

As of the date of this prospectus, we had 14 full-time employees in the United States, one full-time employee in Canada, four consultants in the United States and one consultant in the Netherlands. None of our employees are subject to a collective bargaining agreement and we believe we have a good relationship with its employees and consultants. We are a remote-only company, meaning that our team members work remotely. Due to this, we do not currently have a headquarters.

Our human capital objectives are focused on attracting, developing, and retaining talent. Cash compensation and bonus plans, benefits and, both before and after the Business Combination, equity grants are designed to attract, retain and to motivate employees, directors, and select consultants to achieve our corporate objectives.

Available Information and Website Disclosure

We are required to file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are also available to the public through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, which contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. You also can find more information about us online at our investor relations website located at www.boltprojectsholdings.com. Filings we make with the SEC and any amendments to those reports are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with the SEC. The information posted on or accessible through our website is not incorporated into this prospectus and is included in this prospectus as an inactive textual reference only.

Investors and others should note that we announce material financial and operational information to our investors using press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and call webcasts, and by postings on our investor relations site at www.boltprojectsholdings.com. We may also use our website as a distribution channel of material information. In addition, you may automatically receive email alerts and other information about us when you enroll your email address by subscribing under the “Investor Email Alerts” section of our website.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be a party to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. We do not currently have any outstanding material litigation.

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

The following summary of the material terms of our securities is not intended to be a complete summary of the rights and preferences of such securities, and is qualified by reference to our certificate of incorporation, our bylaws and the warrant-related documents described herein, which are exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We urge to you reach each of the documents described herein in their entirety for a complete description of the rights and preferences of our securities.

General

Authorized Capital Stock

Our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes 500,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, (“common stock”) and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“preferred stock”). No shares of preferred stock are currently outstanding. Unless our board of directors determines otherwise, we will issue all shares of its capital stock in uncertificated form.

The authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock are available for future issuance without stockholder approval, subject to any limitations imposed by the listing standards of Nasdaq. These additional shares may be used for a variety of corporate finance transactions, acquisitions and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued and unreserved common stock and preferred stock could make more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.

Common Stock

Voting Rights

Holders of our shares of our common stock will be entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. The holders of our common stock will not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors.

Liquidation, Dissolution and Winding Up

Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up and after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to our creditors and to any of future holders of our preferred stock having liquidation preferences, if any, holders of our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata the remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of our common stock do not have preemptive, subscription, redemption or redemption rights. There will be no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. All shares of our common stock outstanding are fully paid and non-assessable. The rights, powers, preferences and privileges of holders of our common stock will be subject to those of the holders of any shares of Preferred Stock that the board of directors may authorize and issue in the future.

Preferred Stock

Our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes our board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series without stockholder approval. Our board of directors has the discretion to determine the rights, powers, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, dividend rights, redemption rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, of each series of preferred stock.

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The purpose of authorizing our board of directors to issue preferred stock and determine its rights and preferences is to eliminate delays associated with a stockholder vote on specific issuances. The issuance of preferred stock while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions, future financings and other corporate purposes, could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or could discourage a third party from seeking to acquire, a majority of the outstanding voting stock. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock may adversely affect the holders of our common stock by restricting dividends on the common stock, diluting the voting power of the common stock or subordinating the liquidation rights of the common stock. As a result of these or other factors, the issuance of preferred stock could have an adverse impact on the market price of our common stock.

Dividends

Declaration and payment of any dividend will be subject to the discretion of our board of directors. The time and amount of dividends will be dependent upon, among other things, our business prospects, results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and availability, debt repayment obligations, capital expenditure needs, contractual restrictions, covenants in the agreements governing current and future indebtedness, industry trends, the provisions of DGCL affecting the payment of dividends and distributions to stockholders and any other factors or considerations our board of directors may regard as relevant.

Anti-Takeover Provisions

Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws contain provisions that may delay, defer or discourage another party from acquiring control of us. We expect that these provisions, which are summarized below, will discourage coercive takeover practices or inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors, which may result in an improvement of the terms of any such acquisition in favor of the stockholders. However, they also give our board of directors the power to discourage acquisitions that some stockholders may favor.

Classified Board of Directors

Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that our board of directors will be divided into three classes of directors, with the classes to be as nearly equal in number as possible, and with each director serving a three-year term after re-election. As a result, approximately one-third of our board of directors will be elected each year. The classification of directors will have the effect of making it more difficult for stockholders to change the composition of our board of directors.

Stockholder Action; Special Meetings of Stockholders

Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that, subject to rights of preferred stock holders, stockholders may not take action by written consent, but may only take action at annual or special meetings of stockholders. As a result, a holder or group of holders controlling a majority of our capital stock would not be able to amend the Bylaws or remove directors without holding a meeting of stockholders called in accordance with the Bylaws. Further, the Certificate of Incorporation provides that only the chairperson of our board of directors, a majority of our board of directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President may call special meetings of stockholders, thus prohibiting a stockholder from calling a special meeting. These provisions might delay the ability of stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or for stockholders controlling a majority of our capital stock to take any action, including the removal of directors.

Supermajority Approvals

Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that the affirmative vote of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of the total voting power of all then outstanding shares of stock, voting as a single class, will be required to amend, alter, repeal or rescind certain provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation, including provisions relating to preferred stock, the size and classifications of the board of directors, special meetings, director and officer indemnification, forum selection, and amendments to our Certificate of Incorporation. The affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of the voting power of all the then-outstanding shares of voting stock, voting as a single class, will be required to amend or repeal the Bylaws, although the Bylaws may also be amended by our board of directors.

Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors

Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws provide indemnification and advancement of expenses for our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, subject to certain limited exceptions. In some cases, the provisions of those indemnification agreements may be broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained under the DGCL. For example, Section 145 of the DGCL provides for permissive indemnification and advancement rights, except for mandatory indemnification for the successful defense of a claim, while the indemnification agreements make the indemnification rights and obligations mandatory in most respects. Making the indemnification rights and obligations mandatory may result in us incurring indemnification or advancement expenses that would not otherwise be required under the DGCL. However, we have secured an insurance policy that would be intended to reimburse us for most or all of our indemnification and advancement expenses after retention. We believe these types of provisions in the indemnification agreements and securing such an insurance policy are important for being able to recruit qualified candidates to serve as directors and officers.

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In addition, as permitted by DGCL, our Certificate of Incorporation and our Bylaws include provisions that eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers for monetary damages resulting from breaches of certain fiduciary duties as a director or officer. The effect of this provision is to restrict our rights and the rights of our stockholders in derivative suits to recover monetary damages against a director or officer for breach of fiduciary duties as a director.

These provisions may be held not to be enforceable for violations of the federal securities laws of the United States.

Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment

Under the DGCL, with certain exceptions, our stockholders have appraisal rights in connection with a merger or consolidation. Pursuant to Section 262 of the DGCL, stockholders who properly demand and perfect appraisal rights in connection with such merger or consolidation have the right to receive payment of the fair value of their shares as determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery.

Stockholders’ Derivative Actions

Under the DGCL, any of our stockholders may bring an action in the Company’s name to procure a judgment in its favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that the stockholder bringing the action is a holder of our shares at the time of the transaction to which the action relates.

Forum Selection

Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be the sole and exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action brought by a stockholder on behalf of us, (ii) any claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, stockholders or employees, (iii) any claim against us arising under our Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws or the DGCL or (iv) any claim against us governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such Securities Act claims. To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, the Certificate of Incorporation also provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district courts of the United States of America is the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act; however, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision, and investors cannot waive compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Certificate of Incorporation provides that the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any cause of action arising by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.

Although we believe these provisions would benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of applicable law in the types of lawsuits to which they apply, these provisions may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.

Trading Symbol and Market

Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “BSLK.”

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BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of common stock as of September 22, 2025, by:

| ● | each person who is known to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of issued and outstanding shares of common stock;

| ● | each of our named executive officers for 2024 and current directors; and

| ● | all current executive officers and directors as a group.

Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including options and warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the measurement date as of September 22, 2025. As of September 22, 2025, there were 3,706,197 shares of our common stock outstanding. Unless otherwise indicated, Bolt believes that all persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to the voting securities beneficially owned by them.

|  | Shares Beneficially Owned |
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1) |  | Number |  |  | Percentage |
Holders of More than 5% |  |  |  |  |  |
Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC(2) |  |  | 250,000 |  |  |  | 6.3 | %
Directors and Named Executive Officers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
David Breslauer(3) |  |  | 138,096 |  |  |  | 3.6 | %
Daniel Widmaier(4) |  |  | 131,125 |  |  |  | 3.4 | %
Jerry Fiddler(5) |  |  | 61,731 |  |  |  | 1.7 | %
Cintia Nardi(6) |  |  | 17,850 |  |  |  |  | *
Jeri Finard(7) |  |  | 9,948 |  |  |  |  | *
Ransley Carpio(8) |  |  | 1,125 |  |  |  |  | *
Sami Naffakh(9) |  |  | 1,125 |  |  |  |  | *
Christine Battist(10) |  |  | 357 |  |  |  |  | *
Lorne Lucree(11) |  |  | 68 |  |  |  |  | *
Gail Zauder(12) |  |  | 68 |  |  |  |  | *
All directors and executive officers as a group (12 individuals)(13) |  |  | 440,875 |  |  |  | 11.2 | %

* | Less than one percent

(1) | Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of those listed in the table above is 2261 Market Street, Suite 5447, San Francisco, CA 94114.

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(2) | Based on a Schedule 13D/A (Amendment No. 4) filed by Golden Arrow Sponsor LLC and other reporting persons with the SEC on August 18, 2025. Represents: (i) 250,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants that are exercisable within 60 days of September 22, 2025, held directly by Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC (the Sponsor) and indirectly beneficially owned by Timothy Babich, Jacob Doft, Lance Hirt and Andrew Rechtschaffen who control the Sponsor. Accordingly, Messrs. Babich, Doft, Hirt and Rechtschaffen share voting and dispositive power over these securities held by the Sponsor and may be deemed to beneficially own such shares. The address of Golden Arrow Sponsor LLC is 2261 Market Street, Suite 5447, San Francisco, CA 94114.

(3) | Consists of for Mr. Breslauer: (i) 15,794 shares of common stock held directly, (ii) 39,167 shares of common stock that are held by the David N. Breslauer Family Trust, (iii) 69,683 shares of common stock that are issuable upon exercise of options exercisable as of or within 60 days of September 22, 2025 and (iv) 13,452 shares of common stock underlying restricted stock units vesting or vested and subject to deferred settlement within 60 days of September 22, 2025.

(4) | Consists of for Mr. Widmaier: (i) 20,822 shares of common stock held directly, (ii) 94,341 shares of common stock that are issuable upon exercise of options exercisable as of or within 60 days of September 22, 2025, (iii) 15,962 shares of common stock underlying restricted stock units vesting or vested and subject to deferred settlement within 60 days of September 22, 2025.

(5) | Consists of for Mr. Fiddler: (i) 3,299 shares of common stock held directly, (ii) 3,123 shares of common stock held by JAZEM I Family Partners, LP, a fund of Jazem Family Partners where Mr. Fiddler is a general partner (iii) 54,184 shares of common stock held by Zygote Ventures LLC, of which Mr. Fiddler is the managing member, and (iv) 1,125 shares of common stock underlying restricted stock units vesting within 60 days of September 22, 2025. Mr. Fiddler may be deemed to beneficially own the shares held directly by each of JAZEM I Family Partners, LP and Zygote Ventures LLC.

(6) | Consists of for Ms. Nardi: (i) 4,103 shares of common stock held directly, (ii) 11,224 shares of common stock that will be issuable upon exercise of options exercisable as of or within 60 days of September 22, 2025 and (iii) 2,523 shares of common stock underlying restricted stock units vesting or vested and subject to deferred settlement within 60 days of September 22, 2025.

(7) | Consists of for Ms. Finard: (i) 8,823 shares of common stock, and (ii) 1,125 shares of common stock that are issuable upon exercise of options exercisable as of or within 60 days of September 22, 2025.

(8) | Consists of for Mr. Carpio: 1,125 shares of common stock that are issuable upon exercise of options exercisable as of or within 60 days of September 22, 2025.

(9) | Consists of for Ms. Naffakh: 1,125 shares of common stock underlying restricted stock units vesting or vested and subject to deferred settlement within 60 days of September 22, 2025.

(10) | Consists of for Ms. Battist: 357 shares of common stock underlying restricted stock units vesting or vested and subject to deferred settlement within 60 days of September 22, 2025.

(11) | Consists of for Ms. Lucree: 68 shares of common stock underlying restricted stock units vesting or vested and subject to deferred settlement within 60 days of September 22, 2025.

(12) | Consists of for Ms. Zauder: 68 shares of common stock underlying restricted stock units vesting or vested and subject to deferred settlement within 60 days of September 22, 2025.

(13) | Includes (i) 194,979 shares of common stock held directly, (ii) 200,171 shares of common stock subject to options held by all current executive officers and directors that are exercisable within 60 days of September 22, 2025, and (iii) 45,725 shares of common stock underlying restricted stock units vesting or vested and subject to deferred settlement within 60 days of September 22, 2025.

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SElling Stockholder

This prospectus relates to the offer and sale by the Selling Stockholder of up to 20,085,588 shares of common stock that have been or may be issued by us to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, consisting of (i) up to 20,000,000 Purchase Shares that we have the right from time to time at our option to sell to the Selling Stockholder, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement establishing the ELOC, and (ii) 85,588 Commitment Shares we issued to the Selling Stockholder as consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of our common stock from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. For additional information regarding the shares of common stock included in this prospectus, see the section titled “The Equity Line of Credit Facility” above. We are registering the shares of common stock included in this prospectus pursuant to the provisions of the Registration Rights Agreement we entered into with the Selling Stockholder on September 12, 2025 in order to permit the Selling Stockholder to offer the shares included in this prospectus for resale from time to time.

The table below presents information regarding the Selling Stockholder and the shares of common stock that may be resold by the Selling Stockholder from time to time under this prospectus. This table is prepared based on information supplied to us by the Selling Stockholder, and reflects holdings as of September 25, 2025. The number of shares in the column “Maximum Common Stock Offered Hereby” represents all of the shares of common stock being offered for resale by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus. The Selling Stockholder may sell some, all or none of the shares being offered for resale in this offering. We do not know how long the Selling Stockholder will hold the shares before selling them, and we are not aware of any existing arrangements between the Selling Stockholder and any other stockholder, broker, dealer, underwriter or agent relating to the sale or distribution of the shares of our common stock being offered for resale by this prospectus.

The percentage of shares of common stock beneficially owned by the Selling Stockholder prior to the offering shown in the table below is based on an aggregate of 3,706,197 shares of our common stock outstanding on September 22, 2025. Because the purchase price to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for shares of common stock, if any, that we may elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder in one or more Advances from time to time under the Purchase Agreement will be determined on the applicable Advance Notice Date for such Advances, the actual number of shares of common stock that we may sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement may be fewer than the number of shares being offered for resale under this prospectus. The fourth column assumes the resale by the Selling Stockholder of all of the shares of common stock being offered for resale pursuant to this prospectus.

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Name of Selling Stockholder |  | Common Stock Owned Prior to this Offering(1) |  |  | Beneficial Ownership Prior to Offering (%) |  |  | Maximum Common Stock Offered Hereby |  |  | Common Stock Owned After this Offering(2) |  |  | Beneficial Ownership After this Offering |
Ascent Partners Fund LLC(3) |  |  | 85,588 |  |  |  | 2.3 | % |  |  | 20,085,588 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

(1) | Common stock owned prior to this offering is calculated based on the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of September 22, 2025, without regard to any underlying restrictions on beneficial ownership percentage. Represents the 85,588 shares of common stock that we issued to Ascent Partners Fund LLC as Commitment Shares. In accordance with Rule 13d-3(d) under the Exchange Act, we have excluded from the number of shares beneficially owned prior to the offering all of the shares that Ascent Partners Fund LLC may be required to purchase under the Purchase Agreement, because the issuance of such shares is solely at our discretion and is subject to conditions contained in the Purchase Agreement, the satisfaction of which are entirely outside of Ascent Partners Fund LLC’s control, including the registration statement that includes this prospectus becoming and remaining effective. Furthermore, the Advances of common stock under the Purchase Agreement are subject to certain agreed upon maximum amount limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement. Also, Ascent Partners Fund LLC is not obligated to acquire or purchase any shares of our common stock to the extent such shares, when aggregated with all other shares of our common stock then beneficially owned by Ascent Partners Fund LLC and its affiliates, would cause Ascent Partners Fund LLC’s beneficial ownership to exceed 9.99% of our then-outstanding voting power.

(2) | Assumes the sale of all shares of common stock being offered pursuant to this prospectus.

(3) | The business address of Ascent Partners Fund LLC is 19505 Biscayne Blvd., Suite 2350, Aventura, Florida 33180.

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MANAGEMENT

Board of Directors and Management

The following sets forth certain information, as of August 18, 2025, concerning the persons who serve as our executive officers and directors.

Name |  | Age |  | Position
Executive Officers: |  |  |  |
Daniel Widmaier |  | 44 |  | Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the Board
David Breslauer |  | 42 |  | Chief Technology Officer, Chief Product Officer, and Director
Randy Befumo |  | 54 |  | Interim Chief Financial Officer
Cintia Nardi |  | 51 |  | President
Paul Slattery |  | 39 |  | General Counsel and Secretary
Non-Employee Directors: |  |  |  |
Ransley Carpio |  | 40 |  | Director
Jeri Finard |  | 65 |  | Director
Sami Naffakh |  | 55 |  | Director
Jerry Fiddler |  | 73 |  | Director
Christine Battist |  | 56 |  | Director
Lorne Lucree |  | 44 |  | Director
Gail Zauder |  | 67 |  | Director

Executive Officers

Daniel Widmaier is a co-founder of Bolt Threads and has served as its Chief Executive Officer and a member of its board of directors since August 2009, and the Chief Executive Officer and member of the board of directors of Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. since the Closing. Mr. Widmaier holds a B.S. in Biochemistry from the University of Washington and a Ph.D. in Chemistry and Chemical Biology from University of California, San Francisco.

We believe that Mr. Widmaier is qualified to serve on our board of directors following the Business Combination because of his historical knowledge, operational expertise, leadership, and continuity that he brings to our board of directors as Bolt Threads co-founder and Chief Executive Officer.

David Breslauer is a co-founder of Bolt Threads and has served as its Chief Technology Officer and a member of its board of directors since August 2009, and the Chief Executive Officer and member of the board of directors of Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. since the Closing. Mr. Breslauer currently serves as the advisor to multiple biotechnology companies that focus on creating sustainable products. Mr. Breslauer holds a B.S. in Bioengineering from University of California, San Diego and a Ph.D. in Bioengineering from University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco.

We believe Mr. Breslauer is qualified to serve on our board of directors following the Business Combination because of his experience in the biotechnology industry, his deep knowledge of bioengineering and sustainable materials, and continuity that he brings to our board of directors as Bolt Threads co-founder and Chief Technology Officer.

Randy Befumo has served as Interim Chief Financial Officer of Bolt Threads since April 2023, and the Interim Chief Financial Officer of Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. since the Closing. Prior to this, he served as Bolt Thread’s Chief Financial Officer from April 2020 to April 2023. Since May 2023, Mr. Befumo has also served as the Interim CFO for Protecht, Inc., a company that provides online check-out software. He previously served as the Chief Financial Officer of Eventbrite, a global self-service ticketing platform for live experiences from November 2016 to September 2019, when he transitioned into the role of Chief Strategy Officer until December 2019. He currently serves as an advisor for several private software and pharmaceutical companies. Previously, Mr. Befumo served as Director of Research, analyst, and portfolio manager at Legg Mason Capital Management for 15 years. Mr. Befumo holds a B.A. in Interdisciplinary Study from the College of William & Mary.

Cintia Nardi has served as Chief Operating Officer of Bolt Threads from February 2022 until her promotion to President in November 2023, and the President of Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. since the Closing. Ms. Nardi previously served as the Chief Operating Officer and a member of the board of directors of Cosmetica Laboratories Inc., a color cosmetics and skincare development and manufacturing company, from July 2017 to January 2022, and as the Executive Director of Quality Assurance and Operations of Estée Lauder Companies Inc., a leading manufacturer and marketer of cosmetics, skincare, fragrance, and hair care products, from September 2002 to July 2017. Ms. Nardi holds a bachelor’s degree in Industrial Engineering from Catholic University of Argentina.

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Paul Slattery has served as General Counsel of Bolt Threads since August 2023, and the General Counsel of Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. since the Closing. Mr. Slattery previously served as General Counsel and Outside General Counsel for Eleusis Holdings, LTC, a pharmaceutical company focused on therapeutic uses for psychedelics, from December 2020 to August 2023, and as an Associate at Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan LLP, the world’s largest litigation-only firm, from October 2012 to December 2020. Mr. Slattery holds a J.D. from Yale Law School and a B.S. and A.B. in Economics and Literature from Duke University.

Non-Employee Directors

Ransley Carpio has served on our board of directors since the Closing, and has been the Vice President of Business Development for Front Row Group, a digital marketing and brand partnership company, since April 2022 and has been a Member of Carpio Companies LLC, a company providing advisory assistance to consumer focused private equity funds and their portfolio investments, since January 2014. From January 2020 to July 2023, Mr. Carpio was a Managing Partner, and a member of the board of directors, at Patina Brands LLC, a beauty product brand incubator. Mr. Carpio has previously served on the board of directors for a privately held company. Mr. Carpio holds a B.S. in Management from the University of Phoenix.

We believe Mr. Carpio is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his experience in business management.

Jeri Finard has served on our board of directors since the Closing, and has been a Managing Partner at Lykos Capital Partners, an advisory firm for emerging consumer-facing companies, since February 2018. Formerly she served as Chief Executive Officer of Godiva Chocolatier, N.A. (“Godiva”), the luxury retailer of high-quality confections, from 2012 to 2014. Prior to Godiva, Ms. Finard served as Global Brand President of Avon, Inc., a multinational cosmetics and skincare company, from July 2008 to January 2012, and in a variety of senior roles at Mondelez International, Inc. (“Mondelez”), a multinational confectionary, food, and beverage company, from July 1986 to June 2007. Her roles at Mondelez included Global Chief Marketing Officer, Executive Vice President and General Manager of the Beverages division, and Executive Vice President and General Manager of the Desserts division. Ms. Finard served on the board of directors of Frontier Communications from March 2005 to May 2014. Ms. Finard also currently serves on the board of directors for a privately held company, and has previously served on the boards of several other privately held companies. Ms. Finard holds a B.A. in Politics from Brandeis University and an MBA from Columbia University.

We believe Ms. Finard is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of her extensive experience in both director and senior executive positions at a variety of consumer products companies.

Sami Naffakh has served on our board of directors since the Closing, and has been the Chief Supply Officer at Reckitt Benckiser PLC, a multinational consumer goods company, since July 2020. Mr. Naffakh previously served as the Chief Operations Officer at Arla Foods Group, a multinational dairy cooperative, from January 2018 to June 2020, the Senior Vice President of Supply Chain for Europe, Middle East, and Africa at Estée Lauder Companies Inc., a multinational cosmetics company, from March 2014 to December 2017, and the Senior Vice President of Supply Chain for the Asia-Pacific Region at Danone Infant Nutrition Asia Pacific, an international company focused on infant nutrition products from March 2012 to February 2014. Mr. Naffakh holds a Master’s Degree in Industrial Engineering from École des Hautes Études Industrielles.

We believe Mr. Naffakh is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his substantial experience in company operations and global supply chain management.

Jerry Fiddler previously served on the board of directors of Bolt Threads, has served on our board of directors since the Closing, and has been the managing member of Zygote Ventures, LLC, a privately-held seed and angel venture capital fund, since 2009, and a general partner of Jazem Family Partners, a venture capital partnership, since the early 2000s. He has helped create and grow numerous companies as Chief Executive Officer, chairman, director, investor and advisor. Mr. Fiddler is the founder of Wind River Systems, a company developing embedded system and cloud software, and was its Chief Executive Officer and Chairman from January 1989 to August 2008. Additionally, Mr. Fiddler was Chairman of TerraVia Holdings, Inc. (formerly known as Solazyme) from January 2004 to December 2017, and has served on the board of directors of Nanomix Corporation since January 2015. He currently serves on the board of directors of Bolt Threads, Inc., as well as several private company and non-profit boards. Mr. Fiddler holds a BA in Music and Photography and an MS in Computer Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

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We believe Mr. Fiddler is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his extensive experience as an executive and director at both publicly and privately-held companies.

Christine Battist has served on our board of directors since February 2025. Ms. Battist is a financial executive with broad and diverse experience in public and private companies. Ms. Battist has over 30 years of financial experience including establishing finance infrastructure and leading transformational growth through initial public offerings, mergers and acquisitions and capital market transactions along with leading investor relations and establishing internal audit. Ms. Battist was Chief Financial Officer of Avison Young, a private commercial real estate services firm from January 2018 to May 2023. Before then, Ms. Battist was the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer from June 2012 to September 2016 at Silver Bay Realty Trust Corp., a public real estate investment trust. Prior to this, from September 2011 to June 2012, Ms. Battist was Managing Director at Two Harbors Investment Corp., a public real estate investment trust focused on residential mortgage-backed securities. From May 2005 to September 2011, Ms. Battist held various financial roles at The Mosaic Company, a Fortune 500 agribusiness company. Ms. Battist has served on the board of directors of Capital Southwest Corporation since August 2018. Ms. Battist holds a Bachelor of Business Administration in Accounting from St. Norbert College and is a Certified Public Accountant in Texas. The Company benefits from Ms. Battist’s extensive experience and track record of managing accounting, finance, and investor relations affairs for public and private companies.

We believe Ms. Battist is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of her extensive experience as executive and director at both publicly and privately-held companies.

Lorne Lucree has served on our board of directors since July 2025, and has been the founder and principle of Quiet Coyote Consulting, a full-service innovation strategy and product development advising company for beauty and personal care brands, raw material and packaging suppliers, and venture capital and private equity investors, since September 2004. Mr. Lucree was the Central Innovation Advisor and Senior Vice President of Innovation at Unilever Prestige from August 2023 to September 2024, the Chief Innovation Officer at Voyant Beauty from August 2019 to July 2023, the Vice President, Product and Packaging Innovation & Development at Luxury Brand Partners from April 2014 to July 2019, held product development and research & innovation roles at Estée Lauder from November 2011 to March 2014 and marketing roles at L’Oréal from August 2008 to November 2011. Mr. Lucree is a trusted partner to Ulta Beauty, serving as a Product Development Advisor for the MUSE Accelerator Program and as one of 12 appointed members of the Conscious Beauty at Ulta Advisory Council. He is a frequent speaker, judge, and mentor at leading beauty and wellness events and currently sits on the board of directors at Elevation Labs, a private company specializing in skincare, haircare, and color cosmetics manufacturing. Mr. Lucree holds an MBA from NYU Stern School of Business and a BSc from Boston University.

We believe Mr. Lucree is qualified to serve on our board of directors because he is a recognized leader in beauty innovation, product development, and research and development, with deep expertise in formulation science, ingredient technologies, packaging, sustainability, olfactive trends, and consumer insights.

Gail Zauder has served on our board of directors since July 2025 and has been the Managing Partner of Elixir Advisors LLC, a professional services firm, since January 2002 and the Chief Executive Officer of AbleFly Inc., a private company focused on inclusive and accessible air travel for mobility-restricted individuals, since June 2022. Ms. Zauder was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Soap a& Glory Ltd. from July 2009 to April 2014, Chief Financial Officer May 2012 to December 2013, and the managing director of Credit Suisse from August 1985 to December 2001. Ms. Zauder currently has served on the board of directors of Presto Automation, Inc. since September 2022, a public AI and automation company providing solutions to the restaurant enterprise technology industry, where she serves as the chair of the compensation and strategic finance committees and as a member of the audit committee. She currently serves on several private company and non-profit boards. Ms. Zauder holds an AB in Urban Environmental Studies from Smith College a dual MPPA and MBA in Finance from Yale University.

We believe Ms. Zauder is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of her substantial experience in public company management and financial risk oversight.

There are no family relationships between or among any of our directors or executive officers.

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our executive officers and directors, our principal accounting officer and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of any class of our common stock to file with the SEC reports of their ownership and changes in their ownership of our common stock. To our knowledge, based solely on review of the copies of such reports and amendments to such reports with respect to the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC and on written representations by our directors and executive officers, all required Section 16 reports under the Exchange Act for our directors, executive officers, principal accounting officer and beneficial owners of greater than 10% of our common stock were filed on a timely basis, other than one late Form 4 filing for the Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC reporting two transactions; two late Forms 4 filing for each of Paul Joseph Slattery and Cintia Nardi each reporting one transaction; two late Forms 4 filings for each of David Nate Breslauer and Randy Befumo reporting two transactions; and one late Form 4 filing for Daniel Matthew Widmaier reporting two transactions.

Corporate Governance

Composition of the Board of Directors

When considering whether directors and director nominees have the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills, taken as a whole, to enable our board of directors to satisfy its oversight responsibilities effectively in light of its business and structure, the board of directors expects to focus primarily on each person’s background and experience as reflected in the information discussed in each of the directors’ individual biographies set forth above in order to provide an appropriate mix of experience and skills relevant to the size and nature of its business.

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In accordance with our certificate of incorporation, our board of directors is divided into three classes with staggered three year terms. At each annual meeting of stockholders, the successors to the directors whose terms will then expire will be elected to serve from the time of election and qualification until the third annual meeting following their election. Our directors are divided among three classes as follows:

| ● | the Class I directors are Daniel Widmaier, David Breslauer and Jeri Finard, and their terms will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2025;

| ● | the Class II directors are Christine Battist Jerry Fiddler, and Lorne Lucree, and their terms will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2026; and

| ● | the Class III directors are Ransley Carpio, Sami Naffakh, and Gail Zauder, and their terms will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2027.

This classification of our board of directors may have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in control of the company.

Director Independence

As a result of the common stock being listed on Nasdaq, we are required to comply with the applicable rules of such exchange in determining whether a director is independent. Our board of directors has undertaken a review of the independence of the individuals named above and has determined that none of Christine Battist, Ransley Carpio, Jerry Fiddler, Jeri Finard, Lorne Lucree, Sami Naffakh, and Gail Zauder has a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and that each of these directors qualifies as “independent” as that term is defined under Nasdaq rules.

Additionally, Ms. Battist currently serves as our lead independent director. The lead independent director’s responsibilities include, but are not limited to: presiding over all meetings of the board at which the chairperson of the board is not present, including any executive sessions of the independent directors; approving board meeting schedules and agendas; and acting as the liaison between the independent directors, on the one hand, and the Chief Executive Officer and chairperson of the board, on the other.

Committees of the Board of Directors

Our board of directors directs the management of our business and affairs, as provided by Delaware law, and conduct its business through meetings of the board of directors and standing committees. We have a standing audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee, each of which operate under a written charter.

Current copies of our committee charters are posted on our website, https://investors.boltthreads.com, as required by applicable SEC and Nasdaq rules. The information on or available through such website is not deemed incorporated in this prospectus and does not form part of this prospectus. In addition, from time to time, special committees may be established under the direction of the board of directors when the board deems it necessary or advisable to address specific issues.

Audit Committee

Our audit committee currently consists of Jeri Finard, Sami Naffakh, Gail Zauder, and Christine Battist, with Ms. Zauder serving as chair. Our board of directors has determined that (i) all members of our audit committee are financially literate and that each member of our audit committee qualifies as “independent” under Nasdaq’s additional standards applicable to audit committee members and Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and (ii) each of Esther van den Boom, Daniel Steefel and Steven Klosk were determined to be financially literate and qualified as “independent” under Nasdaq’s additional standards applicable to audit committee members and Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act during the time such person served as a member of the audit committee of the Company. In addition, our board of directors has determined that Sami Naffakh, Gail Zauder, and Christine Battist each qualify as an “audit committee financial expert,” as such term is defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K.

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The audit committee’s responsibilities include, among other things:

| ● | appointing, compensating, retaining, and overseeing the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and the scope of their audit;

| ● | discussing with the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm their independence from management;

| ● | pre-approving all audit and permissible non-audit services to be performed by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm;

| ● | overseeing the financial reporting process and discussing with management and the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm the interim and annual financial statements that the Company files with the SEC;

| ● | periodically reviewing and recommending changes to the Company’s policies and procedures for reviewing and approving related-party transactions;

| ● | periodically considering and discussing with management and the independent auditor the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and procedures in place for enforcements; and

| ● | establishing procedures for the confidential anonymous submission of concerns regarding questionable accounting, internal controls or auditing matters.

Compensation Committee

Our compensation committee currently consists of Ransley Carpio and Jerry Fiddler, with Mr. Fiddler serving as chair. Our board of directors has determined that each of Messrs. Carpio and Fiddler qualifies as “independent” under Nasdaq’s additional standards applicable to compensation committee members and as a “non-employee director” under Section 16b-3 of the Exchange Act.

The compensation committee’s responsibilities include, among other things:

| ● | reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer in light of these goals and objectives and setting (either alone or, if directed by the board, in conjunction with a majority of the independent directors of the board) the compensation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer;

| ● | evaluating the Company’s executive officers other than the Chief Executive Officer and reviewing and setting or making recommendations to the board regarding the compensation of the Company’s such executive officers;

| ● | reviewing and approving any employment and severance agreements arrangements for the Company’s executive officers;

| ● | reviewing and making recommendations to the board regarding the compensation of the Company directors;

| ● | reviewing and approving or making recommendations to the board regarding the Company’s incentive compensation and equity-based plans and arrangements;

| ● | administering and overseeing the Company’s compliance with the compensation recovery policy;

| ● | overseeing and periodically reviewing with management the Company’s strategies, policies and practices with respect to human capital management and talent development; and

| ● | appointing and overseeing any compensation consultants.

We believe that the composition and functioning of the Company’s compensation committee meets the requirements for independence under the current Nasdaq listing standards.

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Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

Our nominating and corporate governance committee currently consists of Sami Naffakh, Lorne Lucree, and Jeri Finard with Jeri Finard serving as chair. Our board of directors has determined that each member of our nominating and corporate governance committee qualifies as “independent” under applicable Nasdaq rules applicable to nominating and corporate governance committee members.

The nominating and corporate governance committee’s responsibilities include, among other things:

| ● | identifying individuals qualified to become members of the board, consistent with criteria approved by the board; and

| ● | recommending to the board the nominees for election to the board at annual meetings of Company stockholders;

| ● | annually reviewing the board committee structure and recommending to the board for its approval directors to serve as members of each committee;

| ● | periodically reviewing the board leadership structure and recommending any proposed changes;

| ● | overseeing an evaluation of the board and its committees;

| ● | developing and recommending to the board a set of corporate governance guidelines; and

| ● | reviewing notifications by a director of his or her resignation or material changes in employment or circumstances and make recommendations to the board.

We believe that the composition and functioning of the Company’s nominating and corporate governance committee meets the requirements for independence under the current Nasdaq listing standards.

The board of directors may from time to time establish other committees.

Code of Ethics

We have Code of Ethics and Conduct (“Code of Conduct”) that applies to all of our executive officers, directors and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions. The code of ethics is available on our website, https://www.boltprojectsholdings.com. We intend to make any legally required disclosures regarding amendments to, or waivers of, provisions of our Code of Conduct on our website rather than by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K.

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EXECUTIVE AND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

This section discusses the material components of the executive compensation program for Bolt’s executive officers who are named in the “2024 Summary Compensation Table” below. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to share and per share amounts referred to in this section reflect the amounts after giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, Bolt’s “named executive officers” and their positions were as follows:

| ● | Daniel Widmaier, Chief Executive Officer;

| ● | David Breslauer, Chief Technology Officer; and

| ● | Cintia Nardi, President.

2024 Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation of Bolt’s named executive officers for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

Name and Principal Position |  | Year |  |  | Salary ($) |  |  | Stock Awards ($)(1) |  |  | Option Awards ($)(2) |  |  | All Other Compensation ($)(3) |  |  | Total ($) |
Daniel Widmaier |  |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 340,000 |  |  |  | 2,801,472 |  |  |  | 547,324 |  |  |  | 11,183 |  |  |  | 3,699,979 |
Chief Executive Officer |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 340,000 |  |  |  | 55,250 |  |  |  | 915,000 |  |  |  | 5,288 |  |  |  | 1,315,538 |
David Breslauer |  |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 290,000 |  |  |  | 2,801,472 |  |  |  | 365,707 |  |  |  | 10,815 |  |  |  | 3,467,994 |
Chief Technology Officer |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 286,760 |  |  |  | 47,125 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,933 |  |  |  | 335,818 |
Cintia Nardi(4) |  |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 270,112 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 194,590 |  |  |  | 10,804 |  |  |  | 475,506 |
President |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 267,669 |  |  |  | 41,520 |  |  |  | 2,728,151 |  |  |  | 11,173 |  |  |  | 3,048,513 |

(1) | Amounts reflect the full grant-date fair value of restricted stock units granted to our named executive officers during 2024 computed in accordance with ASC Topic 718, rather than the amounts paid to or realized by the named executive officer. Assumptions used to calculate the value of all restricted stock unit awards made to executive officers are included in Bolt’s consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus.

(2) | Amounts reflect the full grant-date fair value of stock options granted to our named executive officers during 2024 computed in accordance with ASC 718, rather than the amounts paid to or realized by the named executive officer. Assumptions used to calculate the value of all option awards made to executive officers are included in Bolt’s consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus.

(3) | The amounts in this column include the following: (i) for Mr. Widmaier, employer matching contributions under Bolt’s 401(k) plan; (ii) for Mr. Breslauer, employer matching contributions under Bolt’s 401(k) plan; and (iii) for Ms. Nardi, employer matching contributions under Bolt’s registered retirement savings plan.

(4) | The amounts for Ms. Nardi originally denoted in local currency (CAD) have been converted to USD using the average exchange rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 of 1 USD to 1.37 CAD.

NARRATIVE TO SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

2024 Salaries

The named executive officers receive a base salary to compensate them for services rendered to Bolt. The base salary payable to each named executive officer is intended to provide a fixed component of compensation reflecting the executive’s skill set, experience, role and responsibilities. During 2024, Bolt’s named executive officers’ annual base salaries were as follows: Mr. Widmaier: $340,000; Mr. Breslauer: $290,000; and Ms. Nardi: $270,112. The Summary Compensation Table above shows the actual base salaries paid to each named executive officer in fiscal year 2024.

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Equity Compensation

On July 2, 2024, we granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) which (after taking into account certain adjustments that occurred in connection with the Business Combination) covered 13,197 and 13,197, respectively, shares of our common stock under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) to Messrs. Widmaier and Breslauer, respectively. The RSUs granted to Messrs. Widmaier and Breslauer vest as to one-sixth (1/6th) of the Bolt RSUs on each of the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, and 17th monthly anniversaries of the closing of the Business Combination, subject to the applicable executive’s continued service through the applicable vesting date.

On November 25, 2024, we granted, under our 2024 Incentive Award Plan (the “2024 Plan”), (i) two options to Mr. Widmaier covering 60,000 and 50,949, respectively, shares of our common stock, (ii) two options to Mr. Breslauer covering 60,000 and 15,984, respectively, shares of our common stock and (iii) an option covering 37,463 shares of our common stock to Ms. Nardi.

The options granted to Messrs. Widmaier and Breslauer covering 60,000 shares of the common stock were fully vested upon grant. The remaining options vest and become exercisable as to one-twelfth (1/12th) of the shares of common stock subject thereto on each quarterly anniversary of the applicable grant date, subject to the applicable executive’s continued service through the applicable vesting date.

Other Elements of Compensation

Retirement Plans

Bolt’s U.S. employees, including its U.S.-based named executive officers, are eligible to participate in a defined contribution 401(k) plan, subject to satisfaction of certain eligibility requirements. Bolt’s named executive officers are eligible to participate in the 401(k) plan on the same terms as other full-time employees. The Internal Revenue Code allows eligible employees to defer a portion of their compensation, within prescribed limits, on a pre-tax basis through contributions to the 401(k) plan. Bolt believes that providing a vehicle for tax-deferred retirement savings though these plans adds to the overall desirability of its executive compensation package and further incentivizes our employees, including its named executive officers, in accordance with its compensation policies. Ms. Nardi does not participate in Bolt’s 401(k) plan; however, she and the Company make contributions to a Canadian defined contribution registered retirement savings plan.

Employee Benefits and Perquisites

All of Bolt’s full-time employees, including our named executive officers, are eligible to participate in our health and welfare plans, including:

| ● | medical, dental and vision insurance;

| ● | a medical health saving account;

| ● | for U.S. employees only, dependent care and medical flexible spending accounts;

| ● | short-term and long-term disability insurance; and

| ● | life insurance.

We believe these benefits are appropriate and provide a competitive compensation package to our named executive officers. We do not currently, and we did not during 2024, provide perquisites to any of our named executive officers.

No Tax Gross-Ups

Bolt does not make gross-up payments to cover our named executive officers’ personal income taxes that may pertain to any of the compensation or perquisites paid or provided by our company.

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Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

The following table summarizes the number of shares of common stock underlying outstanding equity incentive plan awards for each named executive officer as of December 31, 2024.

Option Awards |  | Stock Awards |
Name |  | Grant Date |  | Vesting Commencement Date |  | Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable |  |  | Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable |  |  | Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Unearned Options (#) |  |  | Option Exercise Price ($)* |  |  | Option Expiration Date |  | Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (#) |  |  | Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested ($) |  |  | Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested (#) |  |  | Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested ($)(1) |
Daniel Widmaier |  | 3/27/2015 |  | 3/1/2015 |  |  | 1,843 | (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 87.4 |  |  | 3/27/2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 4/1/2016 |  | 1/26/2016 |  |  | 1,106 | (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 225.8 |  |  | 4/1/2026 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 4/21/2017 |  | 3/24/2017 |  |  | 1,843 | (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 242.8 |  |  | 4/21/2027 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 7/27/2018 |  | 4/26/2018 |  |  | 1,843 | (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 430.0 |  |  | 7/27/2028 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 7/24/2020 |  | 7/20/2020 |  |  | 6,810 | (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 417.0 |  |  | 7/24/2030 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 7/24/2020 |  | 7/24/2020 |  |  | 1,702 | (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 417.0 |  |  | 7/24/2030 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 7/24/2020 |  | 7/24/2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,405 | (6) |  |  | 417.0 |  |  | 7/24/2030 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 1/31/2023 |  | 1/1/2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,152 | (7) |  |  | 555 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 1/31/2023 |  | 1/1/2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,074 |  |  |  | 999 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 7/2/2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,197 | (8) |  |  | 6,361 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 11/25/2024 |  | 11/25/2024 |  |  | 6,000 | (9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | 11/25/2034 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 11/25/2024 |  | 11/25/2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 50,949 | (10) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | 11/25/2034 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
David Breslauer |  | 3/27/2015 |  | 3/1/2015 |  |  | 1,106 | (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 87.4 |  |  | 3/27/2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 4/21/2017 |  | 3/24/2017 |  |  | 737 | (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 242.8 |  |  | 4/21/2027 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 4/3/2018 |  | 2/1/2018 |  |  | 369 | (11) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 430.0 |  |  | 4/3/2028 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 9/28/2020 |  | 7/24/2020 |  |  | 590 | (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 417.0 |  |  | 9/28/2030 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 7/20/2021 |  | 7/20/2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 191 | (7) |  |  | 92 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 7/2/2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,197 | (8) |  |  | 6,361 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 11/25/2024 |  | 11/25/2024 |  |  | 60,000 | (9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | 11/25/2034 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 11/25/2024 |  | 11/25/2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15,984 | (10) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | 11/25/2034 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cintia Nardi |  | 9/18/2023 |  | 9/18/2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,261 | (12) |  |  | 608 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 11/25/2024 |  | 11/25/2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 37,463 | (10) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | 11/25/2034 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

* | Exercise prices do not take into account the stock option repricing that was approved by the Board and became effective as of August 3, 2025, which is further described in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 6, 2025.

(1) | Amount calculated based on the fair market value of our common stock on December 31, 2024, which was $9.60 per share.

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(2) | Represents an option vesting with respect to 1/48th of the shares subject to the option on each one month anniversary of the vesting commencement date, subject to the applicable executive’s continued service through the applicable vesting date.

(3) | Represents an option vesting with respect 1/60th of the shares subject to the option on each one month anniversary of the vesting commencement date, subject to the applicable executive’s continued service through the applicable vesting date.

(4) | Represents an option vesting (i) with respect to 30% of the shares subject thereto, in equal monthly installments on each monthly anniversary of the vesting commencement date to occur during the twenty four month period following the vesting commencement date, and (ii) with respect to 70% of the shares subject thereto, in equal monthly installments on each monthly anniversary of the vesting commencement date to occur during the period commencing on the second anniversary of the vesting commencement date and ending on the fifth anniversary of the vesting commencement date, in each case, subject to the applicable executive’s continued service through the applicable vesting date.

(5) | Represents an option that vested in full upon Bolt’s successful production of at least 50 square feet of Mylo per week that is accepted by at least two of Bolt’s four Mylo consortium partners.

(6) | Represents an option vesting in full upon Bolt’s generation of aggregate revenue of at least $15 million during any single calendar year from Bolt’s sale of Mylo and b-silk materials, subject to the applicable executive’s continued service through the applicable vesting date.

(7) | Represents restricted stock units that are subject to both a service based vesting condition and a liquidity based vesting condition. The service based vesting condition is satisfied as to 1/16th of the restricted stock units on each three month anniversary of the vesting commencement date, subject to the applicable executive’s continued service through the applicable service vesting date. The liquidity based vesting condition is satisfied upon the first to occur of: (a) an “acquisition” of Bolt (as such term is defined in the applicable incentive plan); or (b) the earlier of (i) 180 days following effective date of an initial public offering of Bolt’s securities or (ii) March 15th of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the initial public offering was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission, in any case, provided that such event occurs on or prior to the seventh anniversary of the applicable grant date. The liquidity-based vesting condition was satisfied upon the closing of the Business Combination.

(8) | Represents restricted stock units vesting with respect to one-sixth (1/6th) of the restricted stock units on each of the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, and 17th monthly anniversaries of the closing of the Business Combination, subject to the applicable executive’s continued service through the applicable vesting date.

(9) | Represents an option that was fully vested upon grant.

(10) | Represents an option vesting with respect to one-twelfth (1/12th) of the shares of common stock subject thereto on each quarterly anniversary of the grant date, subject to the applicable executive’s continued service through the applicable vesting date.

(11) | Represents an option vesting (i) with respect to 30% of the shares subject thereto, in equal monthly installments on each monthly anniversary of the vesting commencement date to occur during over the twenty four month period following the vesting commencement date, and (ii) with respect to 70% of the shares subject thereto, in equal monthly installments on each monthly anniversary of the vesting commencement date to occur during the period commencing on the second anniversary of the vesting commencement date and ending on the fourth anniversary of the vesting commencement date, in each case, subject to the applicable executive’s continued service through the applicable vesting date.

(12) | Represents restricted stock units subject to both a service-based vesting condition and a liquidity-based vesting condition. With respect to two-thirds of the restricted stock units subject to the award, the service-based vesting condition is satisfied as to 1/6th of such restricted stock units on each three-month anniversary of the vesting commencement date, subject to the applicable executive’s continued service through the applicable service-vesting date. With respect to the remaining one-third of the restricted stock units subject to each executive’s award, the service-based vesting condition is satisfied upon an Initial Liquidity Event, subject to the applicable executive’s continued service through the applicable Initial Liquidity Event. The liquidity-based vesting condition is satisfied with respect to all restricted stock units subject to the award upon an Initial Liquidity Event, provided that such Initial Liquidity Event occurs on or prior to the seventh anniversary of the applicable grant date. The closing of the Business Combination constituted an Initial Liquidity Event for purposes of the restricted stock units and satisfied the liquidity-based vesting condition applicable to such restricted stock units.

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Executive Compensation Arrangements

Employment Arrangements

Bolt is party to an offer letter with Ms. Nardi, which sets forth the terms and conditions of employment for Ms. Nardi, including her initial base salary, initial restricted stock unit grant, and eligibility to participate in our employee benefit plans.

Bolt was not, during fiscal year 2024, party to an employment arrangement or offer letter with Messrs. Widmaier or Breslauer.

Severance and Change in Control Arrangements

Bolt maintained a Change in Control and Severance Policy (the “Severance Policy”), pursuant to which employees selected by Bolt’s board of directors to participate in the Severance Policy were eligible to receive certain severance payments and benefits upon a termination of the applicable employee’s employment by Bolt without “cause” or by the employee for “good reason”, in either case, within 12 months following a “change in control” of Bolt (each such term as defined in the Severance Policy) (a “qualifying termination”). The Severance Policy expired on June 9, 2024. Messrs. Widmaier and Breslauer and Ms. Nardi participated in the Severance Policy during fiscal year 2024 prior to the expiration of the Severance Policy.

Under the Severance Policy, upon the applicable named executive officer’s qualifying termination, he or she would have been eligible to receive: (i) 6 months (or 12 months, for Mr. Widmaier) of base salary (payable in a lump sum), (ii) company subsidized healthcare continuation for up to 6 months (or 12 months, for Mr. Widmaier) months following termination, and (iii) accelerated vesting of 100% (or 50%, for Ms. Nardi) of such executive officer’s then-outstanding equity awards (with vesting of awards subject to performance based on actual performance through the date of termination or, if performance had not yet been determined, at target level). The applicable executive officer’s receipt of these amounts was subject to his or her timely execution and non-revocation of a release of claims in favor of Bolt. The Severance Policy provided that, to the extent that any payment or benefit received by a participant pursuant to the Severance Policy or otherwise would have been subject to an excise tax under Code Section 4999, such payments and/or benefits would have been subject to a “best pay cap” reduction if such reduction would result in a greater net after-tax benefit to the participant than receiving the full amount of such payments.

Director Compensation

Prior to the closing of the Business Combination, we did not maintain a formal non-employee director compensation program, but historically made cash payments and granted stock options to our non-employee directors when deemed appropriate. Messrs. Widmaier and Breslauer do not receive any additional compensation for their services as directors, and the compensation provided to them as employees is set forth in the 2024 Summary Compensation Table above.

On November 25, 2024, we granted (i) options covering 1,125 shares of our common stock to each of Messrs. Carpio and Finard and RSUs covering 1,125 shares of our common stock to each of Messrs. Naffakh, Klosk and Fiddler (collectively, the “2024 Initial Awards”), and (ii) options covering 750 shares of our common stock to each of Messrs. Carpio and Finard and RSUs covering 750 shares of shares of our common stock to each of Messrs. Naffakh, Klosk and Fiddler (collectively, the “2024 Annual Awards”, in each case, under our 2024 Plan.

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The 2024 Initial Awards vest as to one-third of the shares or RSUs subject thereto, as applicable, on each of the first three anniversaries of August 13, 2024, subject to the applicable director’s continued service on the Board through the applicable vesting date.

The 2024 Annual Awards vest in full on the earlier of the first anniversary of August 13, 2024 and the date of the next annual meeting of Bolt shareholders following the grant date, subject to the applicable director’s continued service on the Board through the applicable vesting date.

Upon the closing of the Business Combination, we adopted a compensation program for non-employee directors (the “Director Compensation Program”), as described below under “Director Compensation Program”. Going forward, we expect that equity awards to our non-employee directors will be granted pursuant to the Director Compensation Program.

2024 Director Compensation Table

The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation of our non-employee directors for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Name |  | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) |  |  | Stock Awards ($)(1) |  |  | Option Awards ($)(2) |  |  | Total ($) |
Ransley Carpio |  |  | 15,275 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,377 |  |  |  | 24,652 |
Jeri Finard |  |  | 19,373 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,377 |  |  |  | 28,750 |
Sami Naffakh |  |  | 15,992 |  |  |  | 12,750 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,742 |
Steven Klosk |  |  | 18,330 |  |  |  | 12,750 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 31,080 |
Jerry Fiddler |  |  | 19,857 |  |  |  | 12,750 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32,607 |
Daniel Steefel |  |  | 14,025 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,025 |
Esther van den Boom |  |  | 12,932 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,932 |

(1) | Amounts reflect the full grant-date fair value of restricted stock units granted to our directors during 2024 computed in accordance with ASC Topic 718, rather than the amounts paid to or realized by the director. Assumptions used to calculate the value of all restricted stock unit awards made to directors are included in the consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus.

(2) | Amounts reflect the full grant-date fair value of stock options granted to our directors during 2024 computed in accordance with ASC 718, rather than the amounts paid to or realized by the director. Assumptions used to calculate the value of all option awards made to directors are included in the consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus.

The table below shows the aggregate number of unvested stock awards and the aggregate number of option awards (exercisable and unexercisable) held as of December 31, 2024 by each non-employee director.

|  | Aggregate Number of Awards Outstanding at Fiscal Year End |
Name |  | Stock Awards Outstanding |  |  | Options Outstanding |
Ransley Carpio |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,875 |
Jeri Finard |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,875 |
Sami Naffakh |  |  | 1,875 |  |  |  | — |
Steven Klosk |  |  | 1,875 |  |  |  | — |
Jerry Fiddler |  |  | 1,875 |  |  |  | — |
Daniel Steefel |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Esther van den Boom |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

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Director Compensation Program

Pursuant to the Director Compensation Program, our non-employee directors are eligible to receive cash and equity compensation for their services on the Board as described below.

Cash Compensation

Under the Director Compensation Program, non-employee directors serving on the Board are entitled to cash compensation in the following amounts:

● Annual cash retainer |  | $ | 40,000 |
● Additional annual retainer for the non-executive chairman |  | $ | 30,000 |
Annual cash retainer for service as the chairperson of a Committee of the Board: |  |  |  |
● Audit Committee |  | $ | 15,000 |
● Compensation Committee |  | $ | 12,000 |
● Nominating and Governance Committee |  | $ | 8,000 |
● Annual cash retainer for service as a member (non-chairperson) of the Audit Committee of the Board |  | $ | 8,000 |

Non-employee directors serving as members (non-chairpersons) of the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board are not eligible for additional annual cash retainers for such service.

Annual cash retainers are paid quarterly in arrears and pro-rated for any partial calendar quarter of service.

Equity Compensation

Initial Awards. Under the Director Compensation Program, each non-employee director who is initially elected or appointed to serve on the Board will automatically be granted an award of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) with covering 1,125 shares of common stock (an “Initial Award”). Each Initial Award will vest as to one-third of the RSUs subject thereto on each of the first three anniversaries of the applicable grant date, subject to the applicable director’s continued service on the Board through the applicable vesting date. If a member of the Board is an employee of Bolt or a subsidiary thereof who subsequently terminates employment with the Company but remains on the Board as a non-employee director, such individual will not be eligible to receive an Initial Award.

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Annual Awards. Each non-employee director who has served on the Board as of the date of an annual meeting of stockholders that occurs after Closing and will continue to serve as a non-employee director immediately following such meeting will automatically be granted an award of RSUs covering 750 shares of common stock (an “Annual Award”). Each Annual Award will vest in full on the earlier of the first anniversary of the applicable grant date and the date of the next annual meeting of Bolt shareholders following the grant date, subject to the applicable director’s continued service on the Board through the applicable vesting date.

Pro-Rated Annual Awards. Each non-employee director who is initially elected or appointed to serve on the Board after the Closing, other than on the date of an annual meeting of stockholders, will automatically be granted a pro-rated Annual Award (a “Pro-Rated Annual Award”) covering a number of shares of common stock equal to 750, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which equals 365 minus the number of days (capped at 365) elapsed from the immediately preceding annual meeting date (or Closing date, if there was no preceding annual meeting) through the date on which the non-employee director was elected or appointed to the Board, and the denominator of which equals 365. Each Pro-Rated Annual Award will vest in full on the earlier of the first anniversary of the applicable grant date and the date of the next annual meeting of Bolt shareholders following the grant date, subject to the applicable director’s continued service on the Board through the applicable vesting date.

In addition, Initial Awards and Annual Awards granted under the Director Compensation Program will vest in full upon a “change in control” of Bolt (as defined in the 2024 Plan, or any similar term as defined in the then-applicable plan) if the non-employee will not be or become a member of the Board or the board of directors of Bolt’s successor (or any parent thereof) following such change in control.

Compensation under the Director Compensation Program is subject to the annual limits on non-employee director compensation set forth in the 2024 Plan (or any successor plan).

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of our executive officers currently serve, or have served during the last year, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our board.

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS

Settlement Agreement and Exchange Agreement

On February 14, 2025, we entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC (the “Sponsor”). At the time of the settlement agreement, we owed approximately $2.9 million in excise tax liability (the “Excise Tax Liability”) pursuant to Section 4501 of the Internal Revenue Code for redemptions of shares of GAMC Class A common stock in 2023 by the stockholders of GAMC prior to the consummations Business Combination. We have proposed to IRS a payment plan whereby we would be permitted to pay the Excise Tax Liability over a series of payments over time (the “Payment Plan”).

Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the Sponsor was obligated (i) to use its commercially reasonable efforts to provide or organize financing for us in an amount of $10 million to close by August 13, 2025 (the “Financing”) and (ii) (a) in the event that the IRS grants the Payment Plan, the Sponsor shall pay to us 75% of the total amount of each payment due to the IRS thereunder no less than 7 calendar days prior to the due date for each payment (the “Golden Arrow Payment Contribution”) or (b) in the event the IRS denies our request for a Payment Plan, the Sponsor shall either (A) close the Financing by August 13, 2025 or (B) pay to us 75% of the total amount of the then-outstanding Excise Tax Liability as well as all accrued interest on the entire Excise Tax Liability on August 13, 2025. The Golden Arrow Payment Contribution will continue until the earlier of (i) an aggregate amount of at least $6 million of Financing is successfully closed or (ii) the Excise Tax Liability is fully paid. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Sponsor’s payments shall be capped at, and shall not exceed, the total amount the Sponsor received from selling 50% of the shares of our common stock held by the Sponsor on February 14, 2025.

Additionally, as partial consideration for entering into the Settlement Agreement, we and the Sponsor agreed to exchange the 250,000 Private Placement Warrants held by the Sponsor for a warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of common stock (the “Settlement Warrant”) at an exercise price of $10.00 per share, the average closing price of our common stock on the five trading days immediately preceding our entry into the Exchange Agreement. The Settlement Warrant is exercisable immediately upon issuance and will terminate on the fifth anniversary of the issuance date.

If, for any consecutive ten trading day period while the Settlement Warrant is outstanding, the closing price of our common stock is equal to or greater than $17.00 (the “Forced Exercise Triggering Event”), then we shall have the right, in our sole discretion and upon written notice given at any time within 20 days of the initial occurrence of the Forced Exercise Triggering Event (the “Forced Exercise Notice”) delivered to the holder of the Settlement Warrant, to force the Holder to cash exercise the Settlement Warrant with respect to the number of shares of common stock that represents up to the lesser of (i) 125,000 shares of common stock or (ii) the unexercised portion of the Settlement Warrant.

Amended and Restated Registration Rights and Lock-up Agreement

In March 2021, GAMC entered into a registration rights agreement with the Sponsor, and its directors and officers, with respect to the Founder Shares, Private Placement Warrants and warrants that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans. In connection with the Closing, we entered into an amended and restated Registration Rights and Lock-Up agreement with the Sponsor, former GAMC directors and officers, Bolt Threads directors and officers, and certain Bolt Threads stockholders. Pursuant to the Registration Rights and Lock-up Agreement, we agreed to register for resale, pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, certain shares of common stock and other equity securities that are held by the parties thereto from time to time, subject to the restrictions on transfer therein. The stockholders who are party to the Registration Rights and Lock-up Agreement also have customary demand and piggyback registration rights for so long as their securities constitute “registrable securities” for purposes of the agreement. We will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements and any offering conducted pursuant to the terms of the Registration Rights and Lock-up Agreement, except that the stockholders will pay their own brokerage and underwriting commissions.

Additionally, pursuant to the Registration Rights and Lock-up Agreement, certain Bolt stockholders and the Sponsor are subject to certain restrictions on transfer with respect to the shares of common stock issued as part of the transaction consideration and certain shares of common stock held by the Sponsor and certain stockholders of GAMC (the “Lock-Up Shares”). Such restrictions began at Closing and ended on February 14, 2025, subject to certain exceptions.

The Registration Rights and Lock-up Agreement resulted in the termination of the Legacy Registration Rights Agreement.

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Sponsor Subscription Agreement

In connection with the Business Combination, on October 4, 2023, the Sponsor entered into a Subscription Agreement, pursuant to which the Sponsor originally agreed to purchase 40,000 shares of GAMC Class A common stock at a purchase price of $200.00 per share. In February 2024 and June 2024, respectively, the Subscription Agreements, including the Sponsor’s Subscription Agreement, were amended to reduce the commitments of the PIPE Subscribers to the extent such PIPE Subscribers purchased additional Convertible Notes from Bolt substantially concurrently with such amendments. The sale of additional Convertible Notes from Bolt at such times, rather than the sale of PIPE Shares at the Closing, was intended to ensure Bolt had adequate working capital to support its operations during the pendency of the Business Combination. Following such amendments and the Sponsor’s purchases of additional Convertible Notes, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of $10,000,000 in Convertible Notes and was not obligated to purchase any PIPE Shares.

Certain Bolt Threads Relationships and Related Transactions

Note Purchase Agreement

In connection with the signing of the Business Combination Agreement, on October 4, 2023, Bolt Threads and certain investors in the PIPE entered into that certain Note Purchase Agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”). Pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement, Bolt Threads issued Convertible Notes to the PIPE Subscribers in an aggregate principal amount of $29.6 million, which accrued interest at a rate of 8% per annum, compounded quarterly, along with warrants to purchase Bolt Threads common stock at an exercise price of $0.001 per share (the “Bridge Warrants”). The Bridge Warrants gave the holder the right to purchase two shares of Bolt Threads common stock with an exercise price per warrant equal to $0.001. Proceeds from the sale of the Bridge Notes were used or are being used to satisfy working capital requirements of Bolt Threads prior to the completion of the Business Combination and thereafter.

Immediately prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, the outstanding principal and unpaid accrued interest due on the Convertible Notes converted into Bolt Threads common stock at a conversion price equal to $100 million divided by Bolt Threads’ fully diluted shares and the Bridge Warrants automatically exercised, and such shares of Bolt Threads common stock were exchanged for shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement.

The following table summarizes the aggregate purchases made by the Sponsor and the Bolt Threads Related Investors pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement. Unless the context expressly indicates otherwise, all references to share and per share amounts referred to in this table reflect the amounts after giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split.

Participants(1) |  | Bolt Threads Common Stock Underlying Bridge Warrants |  |  | Aggregate Purchase Price of Bridge Warrants and Convertible Notes |
Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 10,000,000 |
Entities affiliated with Foundation Capital(2) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,259,021 |
Anderson Investments Pte. Ltd. |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 5,817,843 |
Scottish Mortgage Investment Trust PLC |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 3,849,632 |
Formation8 Partners Fund I, L.P. |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 2,007,845 |
Entities affiliated with Top Tier(3) |  |  | 168,773 |  |  | $ | 2,500,000 |
Jerry Fiddler(4) |  |  | 34,770 |  |  | $ | 500,000 |

(1) | Additional details regarding stockholders that beneficially own more than 5% of our common stock are provided in the section titled “Beneficial Ownership.”

(2) | Consists of (i) $1,245,110 funded by Foundation Capital VI, L.P. and (ii) $13,911 funded by Foundation Capital VI Principals Fund, L.L.C.

(3) | Consists of (i) $2,250,000 funded by Top Tier Venture Capital VII Holdings, and (ii) $250,000 funded by Top Tier Venture Velocity Fund, L.P.

(4) | Includes (i) $55,844 funded by JAZEM I Family Partners, LP and (ii) $444,156 funded by Zygote Ventures LLC, which includes (a) $444,156 in Convertible Notes and (b) 34,770 shares of Bolt Threads common stock underlying its Bridge Warrant.

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Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement

On December 29, 2023, Bolt Threads entered into an amendment (the “Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement Amendment No. 1”) to the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement to modify its outstanding senior secured notes (the “Senior Secured Notes”) held by Ginkgo. Under the terms of the modification, the $30.0 million outstanding in Senior Secured Notes was converted into (i) $10.0 million of outstanding principal was exchanged for a convertible note with the same terms as the convertible notes issued pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement entered into by the PIPE Subscribers (ii) $11.8 million of Senior Secured Notes, (iii) a nonexclusive right to license certain of Bolt Threads’ intellectual property, and (iv) a reduction of Bolt Threads’ outstanding prepaid balance under the 2022 Technical Development Agreement by $5.4 million. As of June 30, 2024, the prepaid balance remaining under the 2022 Technical Development Agreement was $3.9 million.

The interest rate of the remaining Senior Secured Notes was amended, from the existing rate of treasury rate plus 6.00% per annum, to 12.00% per annum, and the maturity date of the remaining Senior Secured Notes was extended, from the existing maturity date of October 14, 2024, to December 31, 2027. As of June 30, 2024, $12.5 million of Senior Secured Notes was outstanding and the effective interest rate was 8.1%.

In April 2024, Bolt Threads entered into a second amendment to the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement (the “Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement Amendment No. 2”). Pursuant to the second amendment, the interest from the Ginkgo NPA Amendment effective date until the occurrence of the SPAC transaction was paid in kind by capitalizing and adding such accrued interest to the principal of the Amended Senior Notes at our option. In addition, upon the occurrence of the SPAC transaction, Bolt prepaid an aggregate principal amount of the Amended Senior Notes equal to $0.5 million.

Securities Purchase Agreement

On November 25, 2024, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Daniel Widmaier, David Breslauer, Randy Befumo, Jeri Finard, and an entity affiliated with Jerry Fiddler (collectively, the “Purchasers”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company sold an aggregate of 52,941 shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, to the Purchasers for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $360,000 before deducting any offering expenses. The purchase price for each share was $6.80, which was equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on Nasdaq on the date the Purchase Agreement was entered.

Related Person Transaction Policy

Our board of directors has adopted a written related person transaction policy that sets forth the following policies and procedures for the review and approval or ratification of related person transactions. A “related person transaction” is a transaction, arrangement or relationship (subject to specified exceptions) in which the Company or any of its subsidiaries was, is or will be a participant, the amount of which involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or 1% of total assets for so long as the Company is a “smaller reporting company” as defined under SEC rules, and in which any related person had, has or will have a direct or indirect material interest. A “related person” means:

| ● | any person who is, or at any time during the applicable period was, one of our executive officers or directors;

| ● | any person who is known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our voting stock; and

| ● | any immediate family member of any of the foregoing persons, which means any child, stepchild, parent, stepparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law or sister-in-law of a director, executive officer or a beneficial owner of more than 5% of our voting stock, and any person (other than a tenant or employee) sharing the household of such director, executive officer or beneficial owner of more than 5% of our voting stock.

We have policies and procedures designed to minimize potential conflicts of interest arising from any dealings we may have with our affiliates and to provide appropriate procedures for the disclosure of any real or potential conflicts of interest that may exist from time to time. Specifically, pursuant to our audit committee charter, the audit committee has the responsibility to review related party transactions.

See “Management—Corporate Governance—Director Independence” for discussion regarding director independence and qualifications.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

The Selling Stockholder and any of their pledgees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of their securities covered hereby on the principal Trading Market or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the securities are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be at fixed or negotiated prices. A Selling Stockholder may use any one or more of the following methods when selling securities:

| ● | ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;

| ● | block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

| ● | purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account; • an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;

| ● | privately negotiated transactions;

| ● | settlement of short sales;

| ● | in transactions through broker-dealers that agree with the Selling Stockholder to sell a specified number of such securities at a stipulated price per security;

| ● | through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise;

| ● | a combination of any such methods of sale; or

| ● | any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.

The Selling Stockholder may also sell securities under Rule 144 or any other exemption from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), if available, rather than under this prospectus. Broker-dealers engaged by the Selling Stockholder may arrange for other brokers-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the Selling Stockholder (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of securities, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this Prospectus, in the case of an agency transaction not in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) Rule 2121; and in the case of a principal transaction a markup or markdown in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121.

In connection with the sale of the securities or interests therein, the Selling Stockholder may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the securities in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The Selling Stockholder may also sell securities short and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the securities to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The Selling Stockholder may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or create one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of securities offered by this prospectus, which securities such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).

The Selling Stockholder and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the securities may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the securities purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. Each Selling Stockholder has informed the Company that it does not have any written or oral agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute the securities.

The Company is required to pay certain fees and expenses incurred by the Company incident to the registration of the securities. The Company has agreed to indemnify the Selling Stockholder against certain losses, claims, damages and liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

We agreed to keep this prospectus effective until the earlier of (i) the date on which the securities may be resold by the Selling Stockholder without registration and without regard to any volume or manner-of-sale limitations by reason of Rule 144, or (ii) all of the securities have been sold pursuant to this prospectus or Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other rule of similar effect. The resale securities will be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers if required under applicable state securities laws. In addition, in certain states, the resale securities covered hereby may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.

Under applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, any person engaged in the distribution of the resale securities may not simultaneously engage in market making activities with respect to the common stock for the applicable restricted period, as defined in Regulation M, prior to the commencement of the distribution. In addition, the Selling Stockholder will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, including Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of the common stock by the Selling Stockholder or any other person. We will make copies of this prospectus available to the Selling Stockholder and have informed them of the need to deliver a copy of this prospectus to each purchaser at or prior to the time of the sale (including by compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).

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LEGAL MATTERS

Latham & Watkins LLP will pass upon the validity of the securities registered hereby.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2024, included in this Registration Statement, have been audited by Elliott Davis, PLLC, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report thereon which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to going concern, appearing herein and elsewhere in the Registration Statement. Such financial statements have been included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed a registration statement on Form S-1, including exhibits, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement. For further information pertaining to us and our securities, you should refer to the registration statement and our exhibits.

We are required to file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are also available to the public through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, which contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. You also can find more information about us online at our investor relations website located at www.boltprojectsholdings.com. Filings we make with the SEC and any amendments to those reports are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with the SEC. The information posted on or accessible through our website is not incorporated into this prospectus and is included in this prospectus as an inactive textual reference only.

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

|  | Page
Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited) |  |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. |  | F-2
Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Operations And Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. |  | F-3
Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Deficit (Unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. |  | F-4
Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. |  | F-6
Notes To Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) |  | F-7
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 000149) |  | F-34
Consolidated Annual Financial Statements |  |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 |  | F-35
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 |  | F-36
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 |  | F-37
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 |  | F-38
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |  | F-40

F-1

Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited)

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)

|  | June 30, 2025 (Unaudited) |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 974 |  |  | $ | 3,512 |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 697 |  |  |  | 870 |
Inventory |  |  | 346 |  |  |  | 1,760 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 1,167 |  |  |  | 2,593 |
Total current assets |  |  | 3,184 |  |  |  | 8,735 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | 21 |
Deferred transaction costs |  |  | 139 |  |  |  | - |
Other non-current assets |  |  | 3,456 |  |  |  | 3,474 |
Total assets |  | $ | 6,811 |  |  | $ | 12,230 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 2,466 |  |  | $ | 413 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 3,321 |  |  |  | 3,499 |
Excise tax payable |  |  | 2,925 |  |  |  | 2,925 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 8,712 |  |  |  | 6,837 |
Long-term debt, non-current |  |  | 13,009 |  |  |  | 13,186 |
Public placement warrant liability |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 267 |
Related party private placement warrant liability |  |  | 245 |  |  |  | 133 |
Other non-current liabilities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 417 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 21,971 |  |  |  | 20,840 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ Deficit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock: $0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 2,061,779 and 1,714,792 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31 2024, respectively |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 457,157 |  |  |  | 453,172 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | 19 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (472,343 | ) |  |  | (461,801 | )
Total stockholders’ deficit |  |  | (15,160 | ) |  |  | (8,610 | )
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit |  | $ | 6,811 |  |  | $ | 12,230 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

F-2

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (UNAUDITED)

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 (Revised) |
Revenue |  | $ | 1,302 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 1,473 |  |  | $ | 75 |
Cost of revenue |  |  | 1,240 |  |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | 1,412 |  |  |  | 150 |
Gross income (loss) |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | (29 | ) |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | (75 | )
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 690 |  |  |  | 971 |  |  |  | 1,615 |  |  |  | 1,384 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 183 |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 303 |  |  |  | 123 |
General and administrative |  |  | 4,006 |  |  |  | 8,546 |  |  |  | 8,360 |  |  |  | 13,298 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 4,879 |  |  |  | 9,579 |  |  |  | 10,278 |  |  |  | 14,805 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (4,817 | ) |  |  | (9,608 | ) |  |  | (10,217 | ) |  |  | (14,880 | )
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | (314 | ) |  |  | (357 | ) |  |  | (635 | ) |  |  | (644 | )
Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | (26,359 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (26,359 | )
Remeasurement of convertible preferred stock warrant liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 97 |
Remeasurement of share-based termination liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,498 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,312 | )
Remeasurement of convertible notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | (15,874 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (17,087 | )
Remeasurement of related party convertible notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5,300 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5,548 | )
Remeasurement of public placement warrant liability |  |  | 78 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 262 |  |  |  | - |
Remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability |  |  | 499 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (112 | ) |  |  | - |
Other income (expense), net |  |  | (29 | ) |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | 160 |  |  |  | 207 |
Total other income (expense), net |  |  | 234 |  |  |  | (49,324 | ) |  |  | (325 | ) |  |  | (50,646 | )
Loss before income taxes |  |  | (4,583 | ) |  |  | (58,932 | ) |  |  | (10,542 | ) |  |  | (65,526 | )
Income tax provision |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Net loss |  | $ | (4,583 | ) |  | $ | (58,932 | ) |  | $ | (10,542 | ) |  | $ | (65,526 | )
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reporting currency translation |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 27 |
Comprehensive loss |  | $ | (4,578 | ) |  | $ | (58,928 | ) |  | $ | (10,535 | ) |  | $ | (65,499 | )
Net loss per share, basic and diluted |  | $ | (2.20 | ) |  | $ | (252.21 | ) |  | $ | (5.53 | ) |  | $ | (280.43 | )
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted |  |  | 2,079,609 |  |  |  | 233,660 |  |  |  | 1,905,837 |  |  |  | 233,660 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

F-3

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT (UNAUDITED)

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)

|  | Convertible Preferred Stock |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-In |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  | Total Stockholders’ |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Deficit |
Balances at January 1, 2024 |  |  | 402,429 |  |  | $ | 93,889 |  |  |  | 166,793 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 283,881 |  |  | $ | (396,408 | ) |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | (112,541 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 98 |
Reporting currency translation adjustments |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 23 |
Net loss |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (6,594 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (6,594 | )
Balances at March 31, 2024 |  |  | 402,429 |  |  | $ | 93,889 |  |  |  | 166,793 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 283,979 |  |  | $ | (403,002 | ) |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | (119,014 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 97 |
Reporting currency translation adjustments |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 4 |
Net loss |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (58,932 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (58,932 | )
Balances at June 30, 2024 |  |  | 402,429 |  |  | $ | 93,889 |  |  |  | 166,793 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 284,076 |  |  | $ | (461,934 | ) |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | (177,845 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

F-4

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT (CONTINUED)

(UNAUDITED)

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)

|  | Convertible Preferred Stock |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-In |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  | Total Stockholders’ |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Deficit |
Balance at January 1, 2025 |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,714,792 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 453,172 |  |  | $ | (461,801 | ) |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | (8,610 | )
Issuance of common stock for common stock purchase agreement (1) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 342,842 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Issuance of common stock for restricted stock units vesting |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4,145 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 2,131 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 2,131 |
Reporting currency translation adjustments |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Net loss |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (5,959 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (5,959 | )
Balance at March 31, 2025 |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | 2,061,779 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 455,303 |  |  | $ | (467,760 | ) |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | (12,436 | )
Issuance of common stock for common stock purchase agreement (1) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 540 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 540 |
Transaction costs for common stock issuance |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (249 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (249 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,563 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,563 |
Reporting currency translation adjustments |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Net loss |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (4,583 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (4,583 | )
Balance at June 30, 2025 |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | 2,061,779 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 457,157 |  |  | $ | (472,343 | ) |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | (15,160 | )

(1) | See Note 8 - Common Stock and Stock-based Compensation for more information on the common stock purchase agreement

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

F-5

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(IN THOUSANDS)

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (10,542 | ) |  | $ | (65,526 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation expense |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 3,694 |  |  |  | 195 |
Non-cash interest expense |  |  | 271 |  |  |  | 580 |
Non-cash debt issuance costs |  |  | - |  |  |  | 9,417 |
Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | 26,359 |
Remeasurement of convertible preferred stock warrant liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | (97 | )
Remeasurement of public placement warrant liability |  |  | (262 | ) |  |  | - |
Remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability |  |  | 112 |  |  |  | - |
Remeasurement of share-based termination liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,312 |
Remeasurement of convertible notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | 17,087 |
Remeasurement of related party convertible notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,548 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | (697 | ) |  |  | - |
Inventory |  |  | 1,414 |  |  |  | (2,755 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 2,301 |  |  |  | 269 |
Other non-current assets |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 300 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 1,902 |  |  |  | (585 | )
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | (475 | ) |  |  | 634 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | - |  |  |  | (101 | )
Other non-current liabilities |  |  | (593 | ) |  |  | - |
Net cash used in operating activities |  |  | (2,856 | ) |  |  | (7,362 | )
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (12 | ) |  |  | (13 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (12 | ) |  |  | (13 | )
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payments of deferred transaction costs |  |  | (185 | ) |  |  | (2,371 | )
Proceeds from issuance of Common stock (net of $25 of transaction costs) |  |  | 515 |  |  |  | - |
Proceeds from Bridge Financing Notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | 18,671 |
Proceeds from issuance of related party notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | 250 |
Payments on related party notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | (250 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 330 |  |  |  | 16,300 |
Exchange rate effect on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | - |  |  |  | (47 | )
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | (2,538 | ) |  |  | 8,878 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period |  |  | 3,512 |  |  |  | 934 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period |  | $ | 974 |  |  | $ | 9,812 |
Supplemental cash flow disclosures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for income taxes |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 962 |  |  | $ | 62 |
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred transaction costs in accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 637 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

F-6

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

| 1. | ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) develops and produces biomaterials products. Its flagship products from its Vegan Silk Technology Platform, b-silk and xl-silk, are a biodegradable and vegan protein polymer and a replacement for silicone elastomers in beauty and personal care. Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. incorporated in the state of Delaware and is headquartered in California.

Basis of Consolidation and Presentation

On October 4, 2023, Bolt Threads, Inc. (“Legacy Bolt”) and Golden Arrow Merger Corp. (“GAMC” or the "Sponsor"), a Delaware corporation, entered into a Business Combination Agreement (the “Merger Agreement”) with Beam Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of GAMC (the “Merger Sub”). On August 13, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), a merger transaction between Legacy Bolt and GAMC was completed. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, (i) on the Closing Date, the Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Bolt (together with the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Merger” or the “SPAC transaction”), with the Merger Sub ceasing to exist and Legacy Bolt surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of GAMC and (ii) GAMC changed its name to Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the “Company,” “Bolt”, “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to the business of Bolt Threads, Inc., which became the business of Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries following the Closing Date.

Prior to the Merger, GAMC Class A common stock, and Public Placement Warrants (see Note 7 - Warrants) were listed on the Nasdaq Global Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbols “GAMC” and “GAMCW,” respectively. On August 14, 2024, the Company’s Common stock and Public Warrants (see Note 7 - Warrants) began trading on Nasdaq under the symbols “BSLK” and “BSLKW”, respectively. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Reverse Merger” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information.

The Company determined that Legacy Bolt was the accounting acquirer in the Merger based on an analysis of the criteria outlined in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations.

The determination was primarily based on the following facts:

| ● | Former Legacy Bolt stockholders have a controlling voting interest in the Company.

| ● | Legacy Bolt management continues to hold executive management roles for the Company and is responsible for the day-to-day operations; and

| ● | The founders of Legacy Bolt have two out of two non-independent board seats and final approval in the selection of independent seats.

Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Merger was treated as the equivalent of Legacy Bolt issuing stock for the net assets of GAMC, accompanied by a recapitalization. No goodwill or other intangible assets were recorded as a result of the Merger.

Because Legacy Bolt was deemed the accounting acquirer, the historical financial statements of Legacy Bolt became the historical financial statements of the combined company, upon the consummation of the Merger. As a result, the financial statements included herein reflect (i) the historical operating results of Legacy Bolt prior to the Merger; (ii) the combined results of Legacy Bolt and GAMC following the closing of the Merger; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Legacy Bolt at their historical cost; and (iv) the Company’s equity structure for all periods presented.

F-7

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

The equity structure has been retroactively restated in all comparative periods up to the Closing Date, to reflect the number of shares of the Company’s Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, issued to Legacy Bolt shareholders and Legacy Bolt convertible preferred shareholders in connection with the Merger. As such, the shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share related to Legacy Bolt Convertible Preferred Stock and Legacy Bolt common stock prior to the Merger have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the Merger.

Reverse Stock Split

On April 21, 2025, Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of its Common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). As previously disclosed, at its special meeting of stockholders held on April 9, 2025 (the “Special Meeting”), the stockholders of the Company approved a proposal to authorize the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”), in its discretion following the Special Meeting, to amend the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) to effect a reverse stock split of all of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, in a ratio within the range from each whole number between and including ten (10) and twenty (20) (the “Reverse Split Ratios”). On April 9, 2025, following the Special Meeting, the Board approved the Reverse Stock Split at a ratio of 1-for-20. On April 21, 2025, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a certificate of amendment (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to amend the Certificate of Incorporation to effect the Reverse Stock Split. The Reverse Stock Split became effective at 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on April 21, 2025.

As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every 20 shares of the Company’s Common stock issued or outstanding were automatically reclassified into one new share of Common stock. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Stockholders who would otherwise have been entitled to receive fractional shares as a result of the Reverse Stock Split received a cash payment in lieu thereof at a price equal to the fraction to which the stockholder would otherwise have been entitled multiplied by the closing sales price per share of the Common stock (as adjusted to give effect to the Reverse Stock Split) on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC on April 21, 2025, the last trading day immediately preceding the effective time of the Reverse Stock Split.

Proportionate adjustments have been made to the number of shares underlying the Company’s outstanding warrants and equity awards, as applicable, as well as to the number of shares issuable under the Company’s equity incentive plans and certain existing agreements, as well as the exercise price, as applicable. The Common stock issued pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split remain fully paid and non-assessable. The Reverse Stock Split did not affect the number of authorized shares of Common stock or the par value of the Common stock.

There was no net effect on total stockholders' equity, and the par value per share of our Common stock remains unchanged at $0.0001 per share after the Reverse Stock Split. All references made to share or per share amounts in the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and applicable disclosures have been retroactively adjusted for all periods presented to reflect the applicable effects of the Reverse Stock Split and the reduction in the number of authorized shares of Common stock and preferred stock effected by the Charter Amendment.

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. All dollar amounts in tables, except share and per share amounts, in the notes to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in thousands unless otherwise noted.

F-8

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

| 2. | LIQUIDITY AND GOING CONCERN

The Company has not historically been profitable and has had negative cash flow from operations since inception. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company incurred a net loss of $10.5 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company used $2.9 million of cash in operations. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $472.3 million, a negative net working capital of $5.5 million, and cash and cash equivalents of $1.0 million.

The Company will need additional capital to support its planned product development and operations. Based upon the Company’s current operating plan, it estimates that its cash and cash equivalents as of the issuance date of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report are insufficient for the Company to fund operating, investing, and financing cash flow needs for the twelve months subsequent to the issuance date of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. To obtain the capital necessary to fund the operations, the Company may seek to obtain funds through public or private equity offerings, debt financing transactions, refinancing or restructuring its current debt obligations, or any other means, but there is no assurance that this will be successful. Based on our current operating plan and forecasted cash requirements, we believe our existing cash resources will be sufficient to fund planned operations until we complete our anticipated financing activities in the third quarter of 2025, although there is no assurance that this financing will be consummated.

These uncertainties raise substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of twelve months subsequent to the issuance date of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report. Certain elements of the operating plan to alleviate the conditions that raise substantial doubt, include but are not limited to the Company’s ability to achieve its operating cash flow targets and the ability to restructure its current debt, both of which are outside of the Company’s control. Accordingly, the Company cannot conclude that management’s plans will be effectively implemented within one year from the date the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not contain any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

| 3. | SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2025, the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the interim condensed consolidated statements of convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ deficit for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the interim condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and amounts relating to the interim periods included in the accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements, and in management’s opinion, includes all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s consolidated balance. Operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025 or for any other interim period.

These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Correction of an Error

It was identified that certain 2024 expenses previously recorded as research and development were related to activities that should be recorded as general and administrative. As a result, management has corrected this error by increasing general and administrative expense by $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, and decreasing research and development expense by $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. This classification adjustment was made to better reflect the nature of the expenses in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The misclassification has no impact on the Company’s total operating expenses, net loss, or net loss per share. The Company analyzed the potential impact of the misclassification error in accordance with the appropriate guidance, from both a qualitative and quantitative perspective, and concluded that the error was not material to any prior year period.

F-9

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates and assumptions made by management include, but are not limited to, (i) the estimated fair value of convertible notes, convertible preferred stock, share-based termination liability, convertible preferred stock warrant liability, public placement warrant liability, related party private placement warrant liability and equity awards, and, (ii) estimating the useful lives of fixed assets, and (iii) determining incremental borrowing rates and the accounting for income taxes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Segment Information

Segment reporting is based upon the “management approach,” which is how management organizes the Company’s operating segments for which separate financial information is (1) available and (2) evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer.

The Company has one reportable segment, which is its Vegan Silk Technology Platform. The Vegan Silk Technology Platform segment derives revenues from customers by providing a fully biodegradable, film-forming, versatile and functional ingredient for the beauty industry. The Company's products are based on its single platform technology that is produced in a similar manner and acquired by customers for a similar purpose, as a beauty product ingredient. The accounting policies of the Vegan Silk Technology Platform segment are the same as those described in this summary of significant accounting policies.

F-10

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

The CODM assesses performance for the segment and decides how to allocate resources based on expenses and net loss that also is reported on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as total consolidated net loss. The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheets as total consolidated assets. Substantially all of the Company’s tangible long-lived assets are located in the United States. As such, long-lived assets by geographic location are not presented. All of the Company's revenues are generated in the United States.

When evaluating the Company’s financial performance, the CODM reviews the US GAAP financial statements, forecasts, budgets, and the cash position of the Company in deciding whether to reinvest in the Vegan Silk Technology Platform segment or into other parts of the entity, such as making acquisitions or paying dividends.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company’s future results of operations involve risks and uncertainties. Factors that could affect the Company’s future operating results and cause actual results to vary materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, rapid technological change, continued demand for the Company’s services, the acquisition and retention of significant customers, stability of global financial markets, cybersecurity breaches and other disruptions that could compromise the Company’s information or results, business disruptions that are caused by natural disasters or pandemic events, competition from substitute products and larger companies, government regulations and oversight, uncertainty in the U.S. policy on international trade relations and barriers to trade, patent and other types of litigation, ability to protect proprietary technology, and dependence on key individuals.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and accounts receivable. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held at financial institutions where account balances may at times exceed federally insured limits. Management believes the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial strength of the depository institution in which the cash is held. The Company has no financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk of loss.

The Company is dependent on a sole supplier for certain manufacturing activities for its products. An interruption in the supply of these materials could impact the Company’s ability to commercialize and manufacture inventory.

Assets outside of the U.S. were immaterial, or less than 1.0%, of total assets at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, separate single customers represented 95% and 98% of total revenue, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, separate single customers represented 94% and 72% of total revenue, respectively.

Inventory

Inventory consists of finished b-silk and xl-silk powder. Inventory is recorded at the lower of the weighted average cost and net realizable value using the specific identification method based on contractual selling price. Write downs of inventory are recognized as a charge to cost of revenue. No impairment was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Employee Retention Credits

The Company has accounted for Employee Retention Credits (ERC) as a government grant which analogizes with International Accounting Standards (IAS) 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance. IAS 20 indicates that income is recognized when it is considered that there is reasonable assurance the grant will be received and all necessary qualifying conditions, as stated under the ERC program, are met. Under IAS 20, income is recognized on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grant is intended to compensate. The Company has elected to account for the credits on a gross basis within the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

F-11

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

Deferred Transaction Costs

Deferred transaction costs consist of legal, accounting, filing and other fees and costs directly attributable to anticipated financing transactions. The deferred transaction costs were $0.1 million at June 30, 2025.

Long-Lived Assets and Impairment Assessment

The Company reviews its depreciable long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss may be recognized when the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by a long-lived asset (or asset group) are less than its carrying value. Any required impairment loss would be measured as the amount by which the asset’s (or asset group’s) carrying value exceeds its fair value and would be recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and reflected in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. No impairment charges were recorded on any long-lived assets during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

Convertible Notes

Convertible notes are regarded as hybrid instruments, consisting of a liability component and an equity component. The Company determined that it is eligible for the fair value option election in connection with the convertible notes (“Convertible Notes”) under the Bridge NPA issued in October 2023, in February 2024, in June 2024, and in July 2024, and the Ginkgo NPA Amendment issued in December 2023 (see Note 6 - Borrowings) as each instrument met the definition of a “recognized financial liability” which is an acceptable financial instrument eligible for the fair value option under ASC 825-10-15-4 and do not meet the definition of any of the financial instruments found within ASC 825-10-15-5 that are not eligible for the fair value option. Therefore, the Company elected to apply the fair value option to account for the Convertible Notes upon issuance. Accordingly, no features of the Convertible Notes are bifurcated and separately accounted for. At the date of issuance, the fair value for each instrument is derived from the instrument’s implied discount rate at inception. The Convertible Notes were subsequently remeasured at each reporting period until they were converted pursuant to the Merger. The change in fair value of the convertible notes is recognized in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as the remeasurement of the convertible notes. Additionally, all issuance costs incurred in connection with the Convertible Notes were expensed during the period the debt was acquired and were included in general and administrative expenses within the interim condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

Share-Based Termination Liability

The share-based termination liability is recorded for contract termination costs when the Company terminates a contract or stops using the product or service covered by the contract in exchange for an issuance of the new public company shares. The new public company shares are not considered to be indexed to the Company’s own shares at the time the termination occurred. Therefore, the share-based termination is classified as a liability as it does not qualify for the scope exception for derivative accounting under ASC 815-10. The share-based termination liability is initially recorded at fair value on the termination date and remeasured at fair value each balance sheet date with the offset adjustments recorded in remeasurement of share-based termination liability within the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The share-based termination liability was settled in September 2024.

Common Stock Warrants

The Company accounts for Common stock warrants as equity if the contract requires physical settlement or net physical settlement or if the Company has the option of physical settlement or net physical settlement and the warrants meet the requirements to be classified as equity. Common stock warrants classified as equity are initially measured at fair value using the Black-Scholes-Merton (“Black-Scholes”) option-pricing model using various inputs, including Company estimates of expected stock price volatility, term, risk-free rate and future dividends, on the issuance date and are not subsequently remeasured.

F-12

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

The Company accounts for Common stock warrants as a liability in accordance with ASC 815-40-15 if the warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as liabilities. Accordingly, the Company classifies the warrants as liabilities based on their fair value at issuance. This liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in the interim condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. The warrants are valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company determines fair value based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants, as determined by either the principal market or the most advantageous market. The Company uses available market information and other valuation methodologies in assessing the fair value of financial instruments. Judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value and, accordingly, changes in assumptions or the estimation methodologies may affect the fair value estimates. Inputs used in the valuation techniques to derive fair values are classified based on a three-level hierarchy. These levels are:

| Level 1 - | Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities.
| Level 2 - | Observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable or are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means.
| Level 3 - | Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available.

The level in the fair value hierarchy within which a fair value measurement in its entirety falls is based on the lowest-level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

Financial assets and liabilities held by the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 include the public placement warrant liability and the related party private placement warrant liability (see Note 4 - Fair Value Measurements).

The Company’s long-term debt, non-current, which is the Amended Senior Notes (see Note 6 - Borrowings), is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The carrying value of the long-term debt, non-current approximates the fair value as the interest rate on the Amended Senior Notes is based on a rate which reflects terms similar to those the Company could currently secure in the open market.

For certain other financial assets and liabilities, including cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, prepaid and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, the carrying value approximates fair value due to the relatively short maturity period of these balances.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue contracts represent a single performance obligation to sell its products or provide services to customers. Sales are recorded at the time control of the product is transferred to customers, or when services are performed, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services provided. Control is the ability of customers to “direct the use of” and “obtain” the benefit from the Company’s products. In evaluating the timing of the transfer of control of products to customers, the Company considers several control indicators, including significant risks and rewards of products, the Company’s right to payment and the legal title of the products. Based on the assessment of control indicators, product revenue is generally recognized when products are shipped to customers. Service revenue is generally recognized over time as services are performed.

F-13

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

In arrangements where another party is involved in providing products or services to a customer, the Company evaluates whether it acts as a principal or agent in the transaction. To the extent the Company acts as the principal, revenue is reported on a gross basis. To the extent the Company acts as the agent, revenue is reported on a net basis. In this evaluation, the Company considers if the Company obtains control of the specified goods or services before they are transferred to the customer, as well as other indicators such as the party primarily responsible for fulfillment, inventory risk, and discretion in establishing price. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company has determined it is acting as the principal in its revenue arrangements due to the Company being primarily responsible for fulfillment of the arrangement and having discretion in establishing the price.

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers, and these timing differences result in receivables (billed or unbilled), contract assets, or contract liabilities (deferred revenue) on the Company’s interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company records a contract asset when revenue is recognized prior to the right to invoice, or deferred revenue when revenue is recognized subsequent to invoicing. The Company had zero contract assets at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and $0.1 million and zero deferred revenue at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which provides qualitative and quantitative updates to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures, among others, in order to enhance the transparency of income tax disclosures, including consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and disaggregation by jurisdiction of income taxes paid. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is also permitted. The Company is currently in the process of reviewing the guidance and evaluating its impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which will require additional expense disclosures for all public entities. The amendments require that at each interim and annual reporting period, an entity will disclose certain disaggregated expenses included in each relevant expense caption, as well as the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the incremental disclosures that will be required in its financial statements.

| 4. | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value accounting is applied for all financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis.

F-14

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

The table below presents the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy at June 30, 2025 (in thousands):

|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Public placement warrant liability |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Related party private placement warrant liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 245 |  |  |  | 245 |
Long-term debt, non-current |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 13,009 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 13,009 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 13,009 |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 13,259 |

The table below presents the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Public placement warrant liability |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 267 |  |  | $ | 267 |
Related party private placement warrant liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 133 |  |  |  | 133 |
Long-term debt, non-current |  |  | - |  |  |  | 13,186 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 13,186 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 13,186 |  |  | $ | 400 |  |  | $ | 13,586 |

Level 3 liability valuations are based on unobservable inputs, which reflect the Company’s own assumptions incorporated in valuation techniques used to determine fair value; further discussion of these assumptions is set forth below. There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the periods presented.

Changes in the fair value measurement of Level 3 liabilities are related mainly to unrealized gains (losses) resulting from remeasurement each period and are reflected in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Public Placement Warrant Liability

In connection with the Merger, the Company assumed the Public Placement Warrants (see Note 7 - Warrants) to purchase the Company’s Common stock. The Company accounts for the Public Placement Warrants as a liability in accordance with ASC 815-40-15 since the Public Placement Warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as liabilities. This liability is subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date until exercised. The fair value of the public placement liability at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The public placement warrant liability represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy as it has been valued using some unobservable inputs.

The key inputs for the Monte Carlo simulation model to value the Public Placement Warrants at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

|  | June 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Stock price |  | $ | 2.82 |  |  | $ | 9.60 |
Exercise price |  | $ | 230.00 |  |  | $ | 230.00 |
Redemption Threshold |  | $ | 360.00 |  |  | $ | 360.00 |
Effective expiration date |  |  | August 13, 2029 |  |  |  | August 13, 2029 |
Term (years) |  |  | 4.1 |  |  |  | 4.6 |
Volatility |  |  | 75 | % |  |  | 80 | %
Risk-free rate |  |  | 3.67 | % |  |  | 4.27 | %

F-15

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

Related Party Private Placement Warrant Liability

In connection with the Merger, the Company assumed the Private Placement Warrants (see Note 7 - Warrants) to purchase the Company’s Common stock, which were issued to the Sponsor, a related party. The Company accounts for the Private Placement Warrants as a liability in accordance with ASC 815-40-15 since the Private Placement Warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as a liability. This liability is subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date until exercised.

On February 14, 2025, pursuant to a settlement agreement with the Sponsor (see Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies), the Company exchanged the 250,000 Private Placement Warrants for a warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of Common stock (the “Sponsor Warrants”) at an exercise price of $10.00 per share. The warrants became exercisable immediately upon issuance and will terminate on the fifth anniversary of the issuance date. The related party private placement warrant liability represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy as it has been valued using unobservable inputs.

The fair value of the Private Placement Warrants at February 14, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The key inputs for the Monte Carlo simulation model to value the Private Placement Warrants at February 14, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

|  | February 14, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Stock price |  | $ | 13.20 |  |  | $ | 9.60 |
Exercise price |  | $ | 230.00 |  |  | $ | 230.00 |
Redemption Threshold |  | $ | 360.00 |  |  | $ | 360.00 |
Effective expiration date |  |  | August 13, 2029 |  |  |  | August 13, 2029 |
Term (years) |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | 4.6 |
Volatility |  |  | 80 | % |  |  | 80 | %
Risk-free rate |  |  | 4.22 | % |  |  | 4.27 | %

The fair value of the Sponsor Warrants at June 30, 2025 and February 14, 2025 was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The key inputs for the Monte Carlo simulation model to value the Sponsor Warrants at June 30, 2025 and February 14, 2025 were as follows:

|  | June 30, 2025 |  |  | February 14, 2025 |
Stock price |  | $ | 2.82 |  |  | $ | 13.20 |
Exercise price |  | $ | 10.00 |  |  | $ | 10.00 |
Effective expiration date |  |  | February 14, 2030 |  |  |  | February 14,2030 |
Term (years) |  |  | 4.6 |  |  |  | 5.0 |
Volatility |  |  | 79 | % |  |  | 84 | %
Risk-free rate |  |  | 3.7 | % |  |  | 4.2 | %

F-16

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

Change in Fair Value of Level 3 Liabilities

The following table presents a reconciliation of the public placement warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025:

|  | Public Placement Warrant Liability |
Balance at January 1, 2025 |  | $ | 267 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | (184 | )
Balance at March 31, 2025 |  | $ | 83 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | (78 | )
Balance at June 30, 2025 |  | $ | 5 |

The change in fair value of the public placement warrant liability is recognized in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as the remeasurement of the public placement warrant liability.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the related party private placement warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025:

|  | Related Party Private Placement Warrant Liability |
Balance at January 1, 2025 |  | $ | 133 |
Change in estimated fair value before modification(1) |  |  | 71 |
Change in fair value for exchange of Sponsor Warrants on February 14, 2025(1) |  |  | 1,816 |
Change in estimated fair value after modification(1) |  |  | (1,276 | )
Balance at March 31, 2025 |  | $ | 744 |
Change in estimated fair value |  | $ | (499 | )
Balance at June 30, 2025 |  | $ | 245 |

(1) | See Note 7 - Warrants for more information on the exchange of warrants with the Sponsor and modification of the related party private placement warrant liability.

The net change in fair value of $0.1 million of the related party private placement warrant liability for the six months ended June 30, 2025 is recognized in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as the remeasurement of private placement warrant liability.

F-17

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

The following table presents a reconciliation of the convertible notes liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2024:

|  | Convertible Notes |
Balance at January 1, 2024 |  | $ | 15,604 |
Note issuance during the period |  |  | 3,457 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | 1,213 |
Balance at March 31, 2024 |  | $ | 20,274 |
Note issuance during the period |  | $ | 10,130 |
Loss on extinguishment |  | $ | 22,183 |
Change in estimated fair value |  | $ | 15,874 |
Balance at June 30, 2024 |  | $ | 68,461 |

The change in fair value of the convertible notes is recognized in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as the remeasurement of the convertible notes. There was no change in fair value attributable to the instrument-specific credit risk for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

There were no convertible notes outstanding as of June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the related party convertible notes liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2024:

|  | Related Party Convertible Notes |
Balance at January 1, 2024 |  | $ | 2,133 |
Note issuance during the period |  |  | 1,449 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | 248 |
Balance at March 31, 2024 |  | $ | 3,830 |
Note issuance during the period |  | $ | 3,635 |
Loss on extinguishment |  | $ | 4,176 |
Change in estimated fair value |  | $ | 5,300 |
Balance at June 30, 2024 |  | $ | 16,941 |

The change in fair value of the related party convertible notes is recognized in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as the remeasurement of related party convertible notes. There was no change in fair value attributable to the instrument-specific credit risk for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

There were no related party convertible notes outstanding as of June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information.

F-18

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

The following table presents a reconciliation of the share-based termination liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2024:

|  | Share-Based Termination Liability |
Balance at January 1, 2024 |  | $ | 6,349 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | (186 | )
Balance at March 31, 2024 |  | $ | 6,163 |
Change in estimated fair value |  | $ | 1,498 |
Balance at June 30, 2024 |  | $ | 7,661 |

The change in fair value of the share-based termination liability is recognized in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as the remeasurement of the share-based termination liability.

There was no share-based termination liability outstanding as of June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Share-based Termination Liability” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the convertible preferred stock warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2024:

|  | Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants Liability |
Balance at January 1, 2024 |  | $ | 203 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | (24 | )
Balance at March 31, 2024 |  | $ | 179 |
Change in estimated fair value |  | $ | (73 | )
Balance at June 30, 2024 |  | $ | 106 |

The change in fair value of the convertible preferred stock warrants is recognized in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as the remeasurement of the convertible preferred stock warrant liability.

There were no convertible preferred stock warrants outstanding as of June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024. See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Warrants” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information.

F-19

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

| 5. | SIGNIFICANT BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | June 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Prepaid expenses |  | $ | 433 |  |  | $ | 1,200 |
Deposits |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 46 |
Other current assets |  |  | 700 |  |  |  | 1,347 |
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | $ | 1,167 |  |  | $ | 2,593 |

The Company has recorded $0.5 million and $1.2 million of Employee Retention Credits (“ERC”) as other current assets, which are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), the ERC is a refundable payroll tax credit for businesses and tax-exempt organizations that were affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eligible businesses, both for-profit and not-for-profit, that experienced a “significant” decline in gross receipts in any quarter (more than 50% decrease in 2020 from 2019, and more than 20% in 2022) could receive a quarterly refundable payroll tax credit. The Company believes it has reasonably assured qualification and submitted for refunds under the ERC program.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consisted entirely of equipment.

Accumulated depreciation as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was immaterial.

Depreciation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was immaterial. The depreciation expense is presented within operating expenses and is excluded from cost of revenue.

Other Non-Current Assets

Other non-current assets at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | June 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Prepaid expenses, non-current |  | $ | 3,456 |  |  | $ | 3,474 |
Total other non-current assets |  | $ | 3,456 |  |  | $ | 3,474 |

The prepaid expenses, non-current balance at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 includes $3.0 million of the remaining balance of the upfront payment made by the Company in October 2022 for future technical services to be provided by Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc. (“Ginkgo”) (see Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies).

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | June 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Accrued professional services |  | $ | 2,229 |  |  | $ | 2,091 |
Accrued payroll and benefits |  |  | 168 |  |  |  | 205 |
Accrued interest expense |  |  | 510 |  |  |  | 659 |
Other accrued expenses |  |  | 414 |  |  |  | 544 |
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | $ | 3,321 |  |  | $ | 3,499 |

F-20

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

Excise Tax Payable

During the second quarter of 2024, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) issued final regulations with respect to the timing and payment of excise tax. Pursuant to those regulations, the Company was required to file a return and remit payment for any liability incurred during the period from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 on or before October 31, 2024.

The Company did not pay its excise tax liability by October 31, 2024, and as of June 30, 2025, owed approximately $2.9 million in excise tax (the “Excise Tax Liability”). The Company is currently making estimated monthly payments over 72 months of $0.04 million to the IRS. As the Company is unable to pay its obligation in full, it is subject to additional interest and penalties which are currently estimated at 9% interest per annum and a 0.5% underpayment penalty per month or portion of a month up to 25% of the total liability for any amount that is unpaid from November 1, 2024 until paid in full. The Company accrued $0.4 million and $0.5 million in interest and penalties as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which has been recorded as part of accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

| 6. | BORROWINGS

Senior Secured Notes

In October 2022, the Company and Ginkgo executed several concurrent agreements including a Senior Secured Note Purchase Agreement (the “Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement”), an amendment to the 2021 Technical Development Agreement (“2021 TDA”), a 2022 Technical Development Agreement (“2022 TDA”), a Pledge and Security Agreement, and Trademark and Patent Security Agreements (see Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies).

Under the terms of the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement, the Company issued and sold to Ginkgo and Ginkgo agreed to purchase senior secured notes (the “Senior Secured Notes”) on October 14, 2022 (the “Notes Issuance Date”), in the aggregate original stated principal amount of $30 million. Upon its execution, the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement required the Company to pay Ginkgo $10.0 million as an upfront payment for future technical services to be provided by Ginkgo under the 2022 TDA. The remainder of the proceeds from the Senior Secured Notes issuance may be used by the Company for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Senior Secured Notes initially matured on October 14, 2024 (the "Maturity Date") or earlier upon an event of default as defined by the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement.

The Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement initially required quarterly interest payments on the outstanding principal amount of the Notes, from the Notes Issuance Date until and including the Maturity Date, at a rate equal to the three-month United States Treasury Security Rate on the date three business days prior to the applicable quarterly payment date (defined as (i) the last business day of each fiscal quarter beginning on the first such date prior to issuance of the Senior Secured Notes and (ii) the Maturity Date), plus six percent. The Senior Secured Notes initially carried a default rate of interest, due upon the occurrence and during events of default, as defined in the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement, of an incremental three percent.

Principal payments were initially due quarterly, starting in the first quarter subsequent to a qualified equity issuance, as defined in the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement, for cash proceeds greater than or equal to $50.0 million (defined as the “Amortization Date”), through the Maturity Date. Senior Secured Notes issued under the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement, once repaid or prepaid, may not be reborrowed. The Senior Secured Notes may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium.

The Senior Secured Notes are collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets, and each of its legal subsidiaries’ tangible and intangible assets. The Senior Secured Notes contain customary covenants and events of default. Additionally, the Senior Secured Notes contains subjective acceleration clauses to accelerate the Maturity Date of the Senior Secured Notes in the event that a material adverse change has occurred within the business, operations, or financial condition of the Company. At June 30, 2025, the Company believes that the likelihood of the acceleration of the Maturity Date due to the subjective acceleration clauses is remote.

F-21

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

In December 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to modify the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement (“Ginkgo NPA Amendment”). Under the terms of the modification, $10.0 million of outstanding principal was exchanged for a $10.0 million convertible note (“Ginkgo Convertible Note”), which was subjected to the terms of a separate note purchase agreement with certain investors ("Bridge NPA") (See Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information about the Bridge NPA). The remaining $20.0 million of outstanding principal, $0.1 million of unamortized issuance costs, and accrued interest of $1.7 million related to the outstanding principal, were exchanged for amended senior secured notes with a principal balance of $11.8 million (the “Amended Senior Note”), a nonexclusive right to license Bolt Threads’ intellectual property relating to Mylo (“IP Transfer”), and a reduction of the prepaid balance relating to the 2022 TDA by $5.4 million (collectively, the “2023 Ginkgo Amendment”). The Amended Senior Note increased the interest rate from the Senior Secured Notes from the existing rate of treasury rate plus 6% per annum to a fixed rate of 12% per annum. In addition, the Amended Senior Note extended the Maturity Date from October 14, 2024 per the Senior Secured Notes to December 31, 2027.

In April 2024, the Company and Ginkgo entered into the second amendment to the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement (the “Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement Amendment No. 2”). Pursuant to the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement Amendment No. 2, the interest from the Ginkgo NPA Amendment effective date until the occurrence of the SPAC transaction was to be paid either entirely in cash or in kind by capitalizing and adding such accrued interest to the principal of the Amended Senior Notes at the option of the Company. In addition, upon the occurrence of the SPAC transaction, the Company was obligated to prepay an aggregate principal amount of the Amended Senior Notes equal to the sum of (i) the product of (x) $250,000 and (y) the number of interest payments that were paid in kind, plus (ii) any accrued but unpaid interest amount. After the Merger consummation in August 2024, the Company paid $0.5 million in principal of the Amended Senior Note in September 2024.

At December 31, 2024, the total outstanding principal balance under the Amended Senior Note was $12.0 million and had an effective interest rate of 8.3%. The carrying value of the Amended Senior Note was $13.2 million at December 31, 2024, and is included in long-term debt, non-current, in the interim condensed consolidated balance sheet.

At June 30, 2025, the total outstanding balance under the Amended Senior Note was $12.0 million and had an effective interest rate of 8.3%. The carrying value of the Amended Senior Note was $13.0 million at June 30, 2025, and is included in long-term debt, non-current, in the interim condensed consolidated balance sheet.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, interest expense recognized on the Amended Senior Note was $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, interest expense recognized on the Amended Senior Note was $0.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was $0.4 million and $0.4 million of accrued interest related to the Amended Senior Note, respectively, that is included within the accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company calculates and records interest expenses on the Amended Senior Note using the effective interest method.

On July 3, 2025, the Company and Ginkgo entered into a waiver agreement to the Amended Senior Note, which deferred the June 30, 2025 interest payment date to July 31, 2025. On August 7, 2025, the Company and Ginkgo entered into a waiver agreement to the Amended Senior Note, which further deferred the June 30, 2025 interest payment date to the earlier of 1) the date that the claims purchase agreement between Ginkgo and Seneca terminates (see Note 12 - Subsequent Events for more information on the Seneca transaction) or 2) August 31, 2025.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, management has represented that the Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants under the Amended Senior Note.

F-22

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the Company’s stated maturities and future scheduled principal repayments for the Amended Senior Note at June 30, 2025 (in thousands):

For the remainder of the year ending December 31, |  | Amount |
2025 |  | $ | - |
2026 |  |  | - |
2027 |  |  | 11,960 |
Total debt principal payments |  | $ | 11,960 |
Add: unamortized debt premium |  |  | 1,049 |
Total Amended Senior Note |  | $ | 13,009 |

| 7. | WARRANTS

Private Warrants

In connection with the Company’s various historical debt and equity financing arrangements, the Company issued convertible preferred stock warrants to purchase shares of its various series of convertible preferred stock.

The convertible preferred stock warrants were initially classified as liabilities, with changes in fair value recorded through earnings, as the underlying convertible preferred shares could be redeemed by the holders of these shares upon the occurrence of certain events that are outside of the control of the Company.

Prior to the consummation of the Merger in August 2024, each issued and outstanding convertible preferred stock warrant to purchase Legacy Bolt convertible preferred stock converted into a warrant to purchase shares of the Company’s Common stock (the "Private Warrants"), with each warrant subject to the same terms and conditions as were applicable to the original warrant and having an exercise price and number of shares of Common stock purchasable based on an exchange ratio and other terms contained in the Merger Agreement (the “Private Warrants Conversion”).

After the Private Warrants Conversion, Private Warrants are indexed to the Company’s own stock and met all other conditions for equity classification, and they were therefore reclassified into equity classified instruments. Prior to the Private Warrants Conversion, the Company remeasured the convertible preferred stock warrant liability resulting in a final warrant value of $0.2 million. Therefore, the convertible preferred stock warrant liability for these warrants was removed and additional paid-in capital was increased by $0.2 million to account for the equity reclassification.

The following table represents the Private Warrants outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

|  | Issued Date |  | Exercise Price |  |  | Number of shares |  |  | Expiration Date
Series A |  | January 2013 |  | $ | 63.36 |  |  |  | 631 |  |  | January 2028
Series B |  | June 2015 |  |  | 229.99 |  |  |  | 434 |  |  | June 2030
Series E |  | July 2022 |  |  | 1,284.95 |  |  |  | 778 |  |  | July 2029
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,843 |  |  |

Public Warrants

In connection with the Company’s Merger in August 2024, the Company assumed warrants to purchase 479,163 shares of the Company’s Common stock (the “Public Placement Warrants”), with an exercise price of $230.00 per share. Additionally, the Company assumed warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of the Company’s Common stock which were issued to the Sponsor, a related party, with an exercise price of $230.00 per share (the “Private Placement Warrants” and together with the Public Placement Warrants, the “Public Warrants”). Public Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares.

The Public Warrants are classified as liabilities in accordance with ASC 815-40-15 since the Public Warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as liabilities. These liabilities are subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date until exercised with changes in fair value recorded through earnings (see Note 4 - Fair Value Measurements).

F-23

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

The Public Warrants became exercisable on the later of (a) 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination and (b) 12 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering. The Public Warrants will expire five years after the completion of a Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. The Company completed the Merger on August 13, 2024. Therefore, all issued and outstanding Public Warrants became exercisable after September 13, 2024. The Public Warrants expire on August 13, 2029.

In addition, the Company has agreed that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 20 business days after the closing of a Merger, the Company would use its commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC, and within 60 business days following a Merger to have declared effective, a registration statement covering the issuance of the shares of Common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and to maintain a current prospectus relating to those shares of Common stock until the warrants expire or are redeemed. Following the Merger consummation, the Company filed such registration statement on September 19, 2024 with the SEC to cover the issuance of the shares of Common stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants.

Notwithstanding the above, if the Common stock is at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that it satisfies the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, the Company may, at its option, require holders of Public Warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event the Company so elects, the Company will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, but will use its commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.

Redemption

Redemption of Public Warrants when the price per share of Common stock equals or exceeds $360.00. The Company may redeem the outstanding Public Warrants (except as described herein with respect to the Private Placement Warrants):

| ● | in whole and not in part.

| ● | at a price of $0.20 per warrant.

| ● | upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption, or 30-day redemption period, to each warrant holder; and

| ● | if, and only if, the last reported sale price of the Common stock equals or exceeds $360.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

When the Public Warrants become redeemable by the Company, the Company may exercise its redemption right even if it is unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws

.

Redemption of Public Warrants when the price per share of Common stock equals or exceeds $200.00.

Commencing ninety days after the Public Warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the outstanding warrants:

| ● | in whole and not in part.

| ● | at a price of $2.00 per warrant if holders will be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis prior to redemption and receive that number of shares of Common stock based on the redemption date and the fair market value of the Common stock.

F-24

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

| ● | upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption.

| ● | if, and only if, the last reported sale price of the Common stock equals or exceeds $200.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) on the trading day prior to the date on which the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

| ● | if, and only if, the Private Placement Warrants are also concurrently called for redemption on the same terms as the outstanding Public Warrants, as described above; and

| ● | if, and only if, there is an effective registration statement covering the issuance of the shares of Common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating thereto available throughout the 30-day period after written notice of redemption is given.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, as described above, its management will have the option to require any holder that wishes to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of Common stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, extraordinary dividend or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, except as described below, the Public Warrants will not be adjusted for issuances of Common stock at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the Public Warrants.

The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Placement Warrants, except that if held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, they (i) may be exercised on a cashless basis and (ii) are not subject to redemption. If the Private Placement Warrants are held by holders other than the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, then the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by the holders on the same basis as Public Placement Warrants, if price per share is less than $360.00. In addition, the Private Placement Warrants (and the shares of Common stock issuable upon exercise of such Private Placement Warrants) may not be transferred, assigned, or sold until 30 days after the completion of the Company’s Merger, subject to certain limited exceptions.

Exchange of Private Placement Warrants

On February 14, 2025, pursuant to a settlement agreement with the Sponsor (see Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies), the Company exchanged the Private Placement Warrants for a new warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of Common stock (the "Sponsor Warrants") at an exercise price of $10.00 per share. The warrants became exercisable immediately upon issuance and will terminate on the fifth anniversary of the issuance date.

If, for any consecutive 10 trading day period while the Sponsor Warrants are outstanding, the closing price of the Company's Common stock is equal to or greater than $17.00 (the “Forced Exercise Triggering Event”), then the Company shall have the right, in its sole discretion and upon written notice given at any time within 20 days of the initial occurrence of the Forced Exercise Triggering Event delivered to the holder of the Sponsor Warrant, to force the holder to cash exercise the Sponsor Warrants with respect to the number of shares of Common stock that represents up to the lesser of (i) 125,000 shares of Common stock or (ii) the unexercised portion of the Sponsor Warrants.

The Company accounted for the exchange as a modification of the Private Placement Warrants liability. The change in fair value as a result of the modification was included in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss within the remeasurement of the private placement warrants liability. The modification did not result in a change to the liability classification, and as such the new Sponsor Warrants will continue to be remeasured at fair value at each balance sheet date until exercised with changes in fair value recorded through earnings as remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability. See Note 4 - Fair Value Measurements for more information on the changes in fair value recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 related to the Private Placement Warrants and Sponsor Warrants.

All Public Placement Warrants to purchase 479,163 shares of Common stock were outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. All newly issued Sponsor Warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of Common stock were outstanding at June 30, 2025, and all previously exchanged Private Placement Warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of Common stock were outstanding at December 31, 2024.

F-25

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

Triton Warrants

On February 13, 2025, the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement with Triton Funds ("Triton") related to the purchase of up to $1.5 million of shares of the Company's Common stock between the date a form S-1 registration statement became effective and June 30, 2025. The S-1 registration date became effective on March 27, 2025.

Pursuant to the purchase agreement, the Company also issued to Triton a warrant (the “Triton Warrants”) to purchase up to 150,000 shares of Common stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share, the average closing price of the Company’s Common stock on the five trading days immediately preceding the Company’s entry into the common stock purchase agreement. The Triton Warrants will be exercisable beginning August 13, 2025, subject to a restriction preventing Triton and its affiliates from beneficially owning more than 19.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of Common stock without the Company first obtaining stockholder approval, and will expire on August 13, 2030.

The Company evaluated the Triton Warrants and concluded that they meet all conditions for equity classification. The estimated fair value of the warrants on issuance date of $3.1 million was recorded to additional paid-in capital within stockholders' equity. As the Company did not receive any consideration for the warrants issued, an offsetting entry was recorded to additional paid-in capital within stockholders' equity, resulting in no net impact to stockholders' deficit as of June 30, 2025.

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of the Triton Warrants upon issuance as of February 13, 2025 using the Black-Scholes pricing model:

|  | February 13, 2025 |
Stock price |  | $ | 24.60 |
Exercise price |  | $ | 10.00 |
Effective expiration date |  |  | 8/13/2030 |
Term (years) |  |  | 5.5 |
Volatility |  |  | 84 | %
Risk-free rate |  |  | 4.4 | %

| 8. | COMMON STOCK AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Common Stock

In connection with the Merger, the Company filed its restated amended certificate of incorporation, which authorized the issuance of up to 500,000,000 shares of Common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 500,000,000 shares of Common stock authorized, and 2,061,779 and 1,714,792 shares issued and outstanding, respectively. Holders of Common stock are entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the Board of Directors. Holders of Common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of Common stock held at all meetings of stockholders.

F-26

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

Common stock reserved for issuance at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, was as follows:

|  | June 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Warrants outstanding for future issuance of Common stock |  |  | 881,007 |  |  |  | 729,166 |
Stock options and restricted stock units |  |  | 438,384 |  |  |  | 353,908 |
Stock options and restricted stock units available for future issuance |  |  | 285,341 |  |  |  | 34,934 |
Total shares of Common stock reserved |  |  | 1,604,732 |  |  |  | 1,118,008 |

Triton Financing

On February 13, 2025, the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement with Triton related to the purchase of up to $1.5 million of shares of the Company's Common stock between the date a form S-1 registration statement became effective and June 30, 2025. Triton is a San Diego based entity that makes direct investments in publicly-traded companies. Under the form S-1 registration statement, the Company registered 492,842 shares of Common stock consisting of (a) up to 342,842 shares of Common stock and (b) up to 150,000 shares of Common stock underlying a warrant to purchase the Company's Common stock.

The S-1 registration statement became effective on March 27, 2025. On March 31, 2025, the Company issued 342,842 shares of Common stock to Triton, subject to payment by Triton for the shares. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company received $0.5 million of gross proceeds for the sale of Common stock. The Company recorded the proceeds to Common stock and additional paid-in capital, and recorded $0.2 million of deferred transaction costs to additional paid-in capital for the three months ended June 30, 2025.

Equity Incentive Plan

Under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”), the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), and the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2024 Plan” and together with the 2009 Plan and 2019 Plan, “the Plans”), the Company may grant stock options (both service-based and performance milestone-based) to employees and non-statutory stock options, restricted share awards (“RSAs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees, officers, and non-employee directors and consultants of the Company. Under the Plans, stock options may be immediately exercisable subject to repurchase or may be exercisable as determined by the Board of Directors. The Company has not allowed for early exercises of options under the Plans. Additionally, to date, the Company has not issued RSAs under the Plans. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were options outstanding to purchase a total of 377,134 and 309,351 shares of Common stock under the Plans, respectively, and 61,250 and 44,520 unvested RSUs, respectively. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 285,341 and 34,934 shares of Common stock were available for issuance for either option or RSU grants, respectively, under the 2019 Plan and 2024 Plan.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Under the Company’s 2024 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) eligible employees may contribute a portion of their eligible earnings toward the purchase of our shares of Common stock at a pre-determined discounted price, subject to certain limitations set forth in the ESPP. Employees can purchase stock at a 15% discount applied to the lower of the closing stock prices on the first trading day of the applicable offering period or last trading day of the purchase period for such offering period. The Company commenced its first offering period under the ESPP on May 15, 2025. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, no shares of Common stock have been purchased under the ESPP and stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP was immaterial.

F-27

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

Service-based Stock Options

Option award activity for service-based stock options granted at June 30, 2025, was as follows:

|  | Number of options outstanding |  |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousand) |
Balances at January 1, 2025 |  |  | 304,245 |  |  | $ | 31.60 |  |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | $ | 802 |
Granted |  |  | 70,859 |  |  |  | 5.90 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Exercised |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Expired |  |  | (3,076 | ) |  |  | 87.40 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Forfeited |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Balances at June 30, 2025 |  |  | 372,028 |  |  | $ | 26.16 |  |  |  | 9.2 |  |  | $ | - |
Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2025 |  |  | 179,314 |  |  | $ | 47.17 |  |  |  | 8.9 |  |  | $ | - |

Stock options that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2025, had a weighted-average grant date fair value of $7.15. As reflected in the table above, no service-based options were exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2025. There were 192,714 service-based unvested options at June 30, 2025 and $1.2 million of remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average period of 2.5 years.

Performance Milestone-based Stock Options

Option award activity for performance milestone-based stock options granted at June 30, 2025, was as follows:

|  | Number of options outstanding |  |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) |
Balances at January 1, 2025 |  |  | 5,106 |  |  | $ | 417.00 |  |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | $ | - |
Granted |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Exercised |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Expired |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Forfeited |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Balances at June 30, 2025 |  |  | 5,106 |  |  | $ | 417.00 |  |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | $ | - |
Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2025 |  |  | 1,702 |  |  | $ | 417.00 |  |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | $ | - |

As reflected in the table above, no performance milestone-based options were granted or exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2025. There were no performance milestone-based options that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2025. There were 3,404 of performance milestone-based unvested options and total unrecognized compensation costs were immaterial at June 30, 2025.

F-28

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the Company’s RSU activity and related information is as follows:

|  | Number of RSUs Outstanding |  |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share |
Balances at January 1, 2025 |  |  | 44,520 |  |  | $ | 193.80 |
Granted |  |  | 36,073 |  |  |  | 6.14 |
Vested |  |  | (15,366 | ) |  |  | 86.31 |
Forfeited |  |  | (3,977 | ) |  |  | 180.00 |
Balances at June 30, 2025 |  |  | 61,250 |  |  | $ | 116.75 |

The RSUs have both a service-based condition or a performance milestone-based condition(s) and a liquidity event condition. The total RSU vesting expense was $1.4 million and $3.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had $3.0 million of future expense to be recognized relating to the RSU’s which still require satisfaction of the service condition, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average period of 0.8 years.

Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense recorded in each component of operating expenses in the Company’s interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Research and development |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | - |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | - |
General and administrative |  |  | 1,481 |  |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | 3,476 |  |  |  | 195 |
Total stock-based compensation expense |  | $ | 1,563 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 3,694 |  |  | $ | 195 |

| 9. | INCOME TAXES

The Company’s provision for income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimated annual effective income tax rate. The Company’s quarterly tax provision is subject to variation due to several factors, including variability in pre-tax income (or loss), the mix of jurisdictions to which such income relates, changes in how the Company does business, and tax law developments.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, and the same period in the prior year differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% as a result of stock compensation and our U.S. federal and state losses for which no benefit will be realized. The Company's income tax provision was zero for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. This resulted in an effective tax rate of 0.0% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, and 0.0% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

There were no material changes to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

F-29

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

| 10. | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various litigation and administrative proceedings relating to claims arising from its operations in the normal course of business. Management believes that the ultimate resolution of any such matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position or results of operations of the Company.

Donoghue v. Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC

On June 29, 2025, the Company was named as a nominal defendant in a lawsuit captioned Donoghue v. Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC, Case No. 25-CV-5395-PKC, pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The action asserts claims under Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 against Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC in connection with transactions involving the Company’s securities. The Company has not been accused of wrongdoing and is not a target of the claims in the lawsuit. The Company is cooperating with legal counsel and has taken steps to preserve relevant documents in accordance with a legal hold notice issued in connection with the matter.

Commitments and Contingencies

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

Technical Development Agreement

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company entered into a 2021 TDA with Ginkgo. Under the 2021 TDA, the Company and Ginkgo will collaborate on certain projects that will use Ginkgo’s expertise in strain engineering and lab-scale fermentation processes, referred to as “technical services”. Ginkgo provided the Company with a credit of $5 million to apply against technical services under the 2021 TDA. In December 2023, the Company and Ginkgo entered into a termination agreement to terminate the 2021 TDA.

As disclosed in Note 6 - Borrowings, in October 2022, the Company and Ginkgo executed several concurrent agreements including the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement, the amendment to the 2021 TDA, the 2022 TDA, a Pledge and Security Agreement, and Trademark and Patent Security Agreements.

Under the 2022 TDA, the Company and Ginkgo will continue to collaborate on certain projects using Ginkgo’s expertise in specialized engineering and lab-scale fermentation processes. The 2022 TDA includes a royalty payment obligation based on future net sales if and when the first commercial sale of the products developed and improved under the 2022 TDA occurs. Royalty payments, due in cash, are based on defined royalty rates for each country or jurisdiction in which the sale is made. In certain instances, a lump sum royalty payment may be due for a particular product, in which case no further royalty payments are required. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has not accrued a liability for royalty payment as no payment obligation or commercial sale of the products developed and improved under the 2022 TDA has occurred.

Upon its execution, the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement required the Company to pay Ginkgo $10.0 million as an upfront payment for future technical services to be provided by Ginkgo under the 2022 TDA. As disclosed in Note 6 - Borrowings, in December 2023, the Company and Ginkgo executed the Ginkgo NPA Amendment to reduce the prepaid balance relating to the 2022 TDA by $5.4 million. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $3.0 million and $3.4 million, respectively, in credit remaining to be applied against future technical services under the 2022 TDA, which is recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets and other non-current assets within the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Founder Shares - Related Party

The Sponsor has agreed, subject to limited exceptions, not to transfer, assign or sell any of its 352,375 shares of Common stock (the “Founder Shares”) of the Company until the earlier to occur of (A) one year after the completion of a Merger and (B) subsequent to a Merger, (x) if the last reported sale price of the Common Stock equals or exceeds $240.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after a Merger, or (y) the date on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange or other similar transaction that results in all of the Public Stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Common stock for cash, securities or other property.

F-30

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

Nasdaq Notifications

Nasdaq listing rules require listed securities to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share. On November 6, 2024, the Company received a written notice from Nasdaq (the “Bid Price Notice”) indicating that it was not in compliance with the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) for continued listing. The Bid Price Notice does not result in the immediate delisting of the Company’s common stock from the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Bid Price Notice indicated that the Company had 180 calendar days (or until May 5, 2025) in which to regain compliance. On April 21, 2025, the Company effected the Reverse Stock Split (See Note 1 - Organization and Description of Business) in order to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement by the May 5, 2025 deadline. On May 7, 2025, Nasdaq notified the Company that the Company has regained compliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement for the Company’s common stock for continued listing on Nasdaq.

On February 10, 2025, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that it was not in compliance with the minimum Market Value of Listed Securities requirement as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(b)(2)(A) as the Company has not met the minimum $50 million minimum Market Value of Listed Securities requirement for continued listing. On the same day, the Company also received a letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that it was not in compliance with the minimum Market Value of Publicly Held Shares requirement as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(b)(2)(C) as the Company has not met the minimum $15 million minimum Market Value of Publicly Held Shares requirement for continued listing. These letters had no immediate effect on the listing of the common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. The Company had 180 calendar days from receipt of the letters, or until August 11, 2025, in which to regain compliance.

On August 12, 2025, the Company received a notice of a determination of delisting from Nasdaq. The Company’s hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”) to appeal the delisting determination was held on September 16, 2025, and a decision is forthcoming. As a result, the delisting action has been stayed, pending a final written decision by the Panel. The Company's common stock will remain listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market during the pendency of the hearing process and during any extension period granted by the Panel. At the hearing, the Company presented a compliance plan. There can be no assurance that the Panel will grant the Company's request for continued listing or that the Company will ultimately regain compliance with the applicable Nasdaq listing requirements.

Settlement Agreement and Exchange Agreement

On February 14, 2025, the Company entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with its SPAC-Sponsor, Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC. The Company currently owes approximately $2.9 million in excise tax pursuant to section 4501 of the Internal Revenue Code for redemptions of shares of GAMC Class A common stock in 2023 by the stockholders of GAMC prior to the consummations of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination. The Company has proposed a payment plan to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) whereby the Company would be permitted to pay the Excise Tax Liability over a series of payments over time (the “Payment Plan”).

Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the Sponsor shall (i) use its commercially reasonable efforts to provide or organize financing for us in an amount of $10.0 million to close by August 13, 2025 (the “Financing”) and (ii) (a) in the event that the IRS grants the Payment Plan, the Sponsor shall pay to us 75% of the total amount of each payment due to the IRS thereunder no less than 7 calendar days prior to the due date for each payment (the “Golden Arrow Payment Contribution”) or (b) in the event the IRS denies our request for a Payment Plan, the Sponsor shall either (A) close the Financing by August 13, 2025 or (B) pay to us 75% of the total amount of the then-outstanding Excise Tax Liability as well as all accrued interest on the entire Excise Tax Liability on August 13, 2025. The Golden Arrow Payment Contribution will continue until the earlier of (i) an aggregate amount of at least $6.0 million of Financing is successfully closed or (ii) the Excise Tax Liability is fully paid. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Sponsor’s payments shall be capped at, and shall not exceed, the total amount the Sponsor received from selling 50% of the shares of our Common stock held by the Sponsor on February 14, 2025.

F-31

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

As partial consideration for entering into the Settlement Agreement, on March 5, 2025, the Company exchanged warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of Common stock that are governed by the terms of our Warrant Agreement, dated March 16, 2021 for a warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of Common stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share, the average closing price of its Common stock on the five trading days immediately preceding our entry into the Settlement Agreement. The Warrant will be exercisable immediately upon issuance and will terminate on the fifth anniversary of the issuance date.

If, for any consecutive ten trading day period while the Sponsor Warrants is outstanding, the closing price of the Company's Common stock is equal to or greater than $17.00 (the “Forced Exercise Triggering Event”), then the Company shall have the right, in its sole discretion and upon written notice given at any time within 20 days of the initial occurrence of the Forced Exercise Triggering Event delivered to the holder of the Sponsor Warrant, to force the holder to cash exercise the Sponsor Warrants with respect to the number of shares of Common stock that represents up to the lesser of (i) 125,000 shares of Common stock or (ii) the unexercised portion of the Sponsor Warrants. The Company will issue the foregoing securities under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, as a transaction not requiring registration under Section 5 of the Securities Act. The parties receiving the securities represented their intentions to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution, and appropriate restrictive legends will be affixed to the certificates representing the securities (or reflected in restricted book entry with the Company's transfer agent).

| 11. | BASIC AND DILUTED NET LOSS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and dilutive |  | $ | (4,583 | ) |  | $ | (58,932 | ) |  | $ | (10,542 | ) |  | $ | (65,526 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted |  |  | 2,079,609 |  |  |  | 233,660 |  |  |  | 1,905,837 |  |  |  | 233,660 |
Net loss per share, basic and diluted |  | $ | (2.20 | ) |  | $ | (252.21 | ) |  | $ | (5.53 | ) |  | $ | (280.43 | )

The following securities were excluded due to their anti-dilutive effect on net loss per share attributable to common stockholders recorded in each of the periods:

|  | As of June 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Convertible preferred stock on an as-converted basis |  |  | - |  |  |  | 402,438 |
Warrants to purchase preferred stock on an as-converted basis |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4,344 |
Stock options outstanding |  |  | 377,134 |  |  |  | 26,900 |
Unvested RSU’s |  |  | 61,250 |  |  |  | - |
Warrants to purchase Common stock |  |  | 881,007 |  |  |  | - |
Total |  |  | 1,319,391 |  |  |  | 433,682 |

| 12. | SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Seneca Transaction

On August 1, 2025, the Company signed an agreement with Southern Point Capital (“Seneca”) pursuant to which Seneca entered into claim purchase agreements to purchase up to an aggregate of $1.7 million of our outstanding payables with certain of our vendors (the “Vendor Payables”) and, subject to a court order, exchange such Vendor Payables for a settlement pursuant to Section (3)(a)(10) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Seneca Transaction”). The amount of Vendor Payables were initially convertible at the option of Seneca by the lower of (i) $2.42 per share, the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the agreement with Seneca and (ii) 77% of the average of the three (3) lowest traded prices on which at least 100 shares of common stock were traded during the five-trading day period preceding a conversion notice delivered pursuant to such agreement, subject to a minimum price floor of $0.25 per share. Seneca was not permitted to acquire shares of common stock under the Seneca Transaction if, as a result thereof, Seneca would beneficially own (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 13d-3 thereunder) more than 4.99% of the number of shares of our common stock then outstanding. The agreement also provides that we may not issue, and shall not be obligated to issue, any shares to the extent such issuance would violate our obligations under the Nasdaq Global Select Market, including any requirement that the issuance of such shares would require approval of our stockholders, until such approval has been obtained, which occurred on August 29, 2025. We issued an aggregate of 730,439 shares of common stock pursuant to the Settlement Agreement for the $1.7 million of outstanding payables that were purchased.

August 2025 PIPE Transaction

On August 14, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “PIPE Purchase Agreement”) with the selling stockholders named therein (the “PIPE Selling Stockholders), pursuant to which it agreed to sell and issue to the PIPE Selling Stockholders an aggregate of 913,979 shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“common stock”) for $4.65 per share, consisting of (a) 518,817 shares of common stock (the “Initial August 2025 PIPE Shares”) and (b) up to 395,162 shares of common stock (the “August 2025 Warrant Shares,” and together with the Initial August 2025 PIPE Shares, the “August 2025 PIPE Shares”) issuable upon the exercise of pre-funded warrants held by the PIPE Selling Stockholders (the “August 2025 Warrants”) (the “August 2025 PIPE Transaction”). In September 2025, the August 2025 Warrants were fully exercised for $395.07 cash, and the August 2025 Warrant Shares were issued.

F-32

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

September 2025 Equity Purchase Agreement

On September 12, 2025, the Company entered into an equity purchase agreement (the “September 2025 Purchase Agreement”) with Ascent Partners Fund LLC (“Ascent”), relating to an equity line of credit facility (the “ELOC”). Pursuant to the September 2025 Purchase Agreement, the Company will have the right at its option to sell up to $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“common stock”). Under the September 2025 Purchase Agreement, Ascent shall not be obligated to purchase or acquire any shares of common stock that would result in its beneficial ownership exceeding 9.99% of the Company’s then-outstanding voting power and Ascent shall not be obligated to purchase shares of common stock if the volume weighted average price for the common stock is less than $1.00 (the “Floor Price”). As consideration for Ascent’s irrevocable commitment to purchase the shares of common stock under the September 2025 Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to issue 85,588 shares of common stock to Ascent.

To initiate a purchase, the Company must deliver written notice to Ascent before trading begins on any trading day. The purchase price of the shares will be determined based on the timing and conditions of an advance notice (each, an “Advance Notice”). If an Advance Notice is received before 8:01 a.m. Eastern Time on a trading day and the amount is between $25,000 and $500,000, the price will be 96% of the lowest volume-weighted average price in the ten trading days immediately preceding the delivery of the notice, provided, that if such closing of the Advance Notice happens and 96% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price in the ten trading days following such closing is lower than such Share Price, then the Company shall issue additional shares of common stock to Ascent so that the total number of shares of common stock received by Ascent is equal to the number of shares of common stock it would have received for the aggregate purchase price paid at such closing for such shares if the shares of common stock had been valued at such lower price. Alternatively, if the notice is received between 8:01 a.m. and 9:15 a.m. Eastern Time on a trading day, and the pre-market stock price is at least 150% of the prior day’s closing price, the notice amount must not exceed $5.0 million. In this case, the price will be the lesser of: (i) the average of the daily volume-weighted average price of the common stock on the trading day before the notice is delivered and the volume-weighted average price on the day of the notice, or (ii) 96% of the lowest daily volume-weighted average price over the trading days required for Ascent to fully sell the shares underlying the notice.

Sales of common stock to Ascent under the September 2025 Purchase Agreement, and the timing of any sales, will be determined by the Company in its sole discretion and will depend on a variety of factors, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of shares of common stock and determinations by the Company regarding the use of proceeds of such sales. The net proceeds from any sales under the September 2025 Purchase Agreement will depend on the frequency with, and prices at, which the shares of common stock are sold to Ascent. Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed not to engage in any other “at the market offering” or “equity line of credit” transaction during the term of the September 2025 Purchase Agreement.

The Company has the right to terminate the September 2025 Purchase Agreement at any time after commencement, at no cost or penalty, upon five trading days’ prior written notice. Ascent has the right to terminate the September 2025 Purchase Agreement upon ten trading days’ prior written notice to the Company of an occurrence of a material and uncured breach or default by the Company, and, if such breach or default is capable of being cured, such breach or default is not cured within fifteen trading days after notice of such breach or default is delivered to the Company.

Stock Options Repricing

On August 3, 2025 (the “Repricing Date”), in accordance with the terms of the 2024 Plan, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a stock option repricing (the “Option Repricing”), effective as of the Repricing Date, of all outstanding stock options granted under the 2024 Plan prior to the Repricing Date, including stock options held by the Company’s named executive officers and certain non-employee members of the Board. Pursuant to the Option Repricing, the exercise prices of stock options covering 282,527 shares with an original exercise price of $6.80 per share, and of stock options covering 70,859 shares with an original exercise price of $5.90 per share, were each reduced to an exercise price of $2.42 per share, the closing price of the Common Stock on last business day prior to the Repricing Date.

The Option Repricing will be accounted for as a modification of equity awards. There was no incremental fair value generated as a result of this modification as the fair value of the modified awards immediately after the modification was less than the fair value of the original awards immediately before the modification. As a result, the Company will not record additional stock-based compensation expense related to the modification.

F-33

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors of Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations, has an accumulated deficit, and has stated that substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans regarding these matters are also described in Note 2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Elliott Davis, PLLC

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023.

PCAOB ID 000149

Charlotte, North Carolina

March 18, 2025, except for Note 1, as to which the date is August 22, 2025, and Note 17, as to which the date is September 26, 2025.

F-34

Consolidated Annual Financial Statements

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 3,512 |  |  | $ | 894 |
Restricted cash, current |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40 |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 870 |  |  |  | — |
Inventory |  |  | 1,760 |  |  |  | 235 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 2,593 |  |  |  | 3,503 |
Total current assets |  |  | 8,735 |  |  |  | 4,672 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | — |
Deferred transaction costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,234 |
Other non-current assets |  |  | 3,474 |  |  |  | 3,368 |
Total assets |  | $ | 12,230 |  |  | $ | 24,274 |
Liabilities, Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Deficit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 413 |  |  | $ | 1,792 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 3,499 |  |  |  | 1,053 |
Excise tax payable |  |  | 2,925 |  |  |  | — |
Convertible notes, current |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15,604 |
Related party convertible notes, current |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,133 |
Operating lease liabilities, current |  |  | — |  |  |  | 359 |
Share-based termination liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,349 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 6,837 |  |  |  | 27,290 |
Operating lease liabilities, non-current |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,093 |
Long-term debt, non-current |  |  | 13,186 |  |  |  | 13,340 |
Public placement warrant liability |  |  | 267 |  |  |  | — |
Related party private placement warrant liability |  |  | 133 |  |  |  | — |
Convertible preferred stock warrant liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | 203 |
Other non-current liabilities |  |  | 417 |  |  |  | — |
Total liabilities |  |  | 20,840 |  |  |  | 42,926 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible preferred stock: $0.0001 par value, none and 12,550,441 shares authorized as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively; none and 8,048,573 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively; and aggregate liquidation preference of none and $222,345 as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively |  |  | — |  |  |  | 93,889 |
Stockholders’ Deficit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock: $0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 shares and 18,858,216 authorized as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 1,714,792 and 166,793 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 453,172 |  |  |  | 283,881 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | (14 | )
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (461,801 | ) |  |  | (396,408 | )
Total stockholders’ deficit |  |  | (8,610 | ) |  |  | (112,541 | )
Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock, and stockholders’ deficit |  | $ | 12,230 |  |  | $ | 24,274 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-35

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 (Revised) |
Revenue |  | $ | 1,373 |  |  | $ | 3,441 |
Cost of revenue |  |  | 1,466 |  |  |  | 4,846 |
Gross loss |  |  | (93 | ) |  |  | (1,405 | )
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 6,245 |  |  |  | 9,632 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 1,989 |  |  |  | 866 |
General and administrative |  |  | 33,281 |  |  |  | 18,757 |
Restructuring costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,973 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 41,515 |  |  |  | 33,228 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (41,608 | ) |  |  | (34,633 | )
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19,285 | )
Lease impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,274 | )
Interest expense |  |  | (1,504 | ) |  |  | (3,503 | )
Gain (loss) on lease termination |  |  | 2,015 |  |  |  | (319 | )
Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes |  |  | (26,359 | ) |  |  | — |
Loss on supply agreement termination |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,211 | )
Remeasurement of convertible preferred stock warrant liability |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 127 |
Remeasurement of public placement warrant liability |  |  | 24,907 |  |  |  | — |
Remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability |  |  | 13,001 |  |  |  | — |
Remeasurement of share-based termination liability |  |  | (979 | ) |  |  | (296 | )
Remeasurement of convertible notes |  |  | (31,664 | ) |  |  | (281 | )
Remeasurement of related party convertible notes |  |  | (3,752 | ) |  |  | (115 | )
Other income, net |  |  | 544 |  |  |  | 5,070 |
Total other income (expense), net |  |  | (23,785 | ) |  |  | (23,087 | )
Loss before income taxes |  |  | (65,393 | ) |  |  | (57,720 | )
Income tax provision |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net loss |  | $ | (65,393 | ) |  | $ | (57,720 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reporting currency translation |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | (21 | )
Comprehensive loss |  | $ | (65,360 | ) |  | $ | (57,741 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, basic |  | $ | (65,393 | ) |  | $ | 158,666 |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, diluted |  | $ | (65,393 | ) |  | $ | (72,108 | )
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 789,338 |  |  |  | 172,187 |
Diluted |  |  | 789,338 |  |  |  | 465,298 |
Net income (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (82.85 | ) |  | $ | 921.47 |
Diluted |  | $ | (82.85 | ) |  | $ | (154.97 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-36

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)

|  | Convertible Preferred Stock |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-In |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  | Total Stockholders’ |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Deficit |
Balances as of January 1, 2023 |  |  | 10,530,907 |  |  | $ | 339,233 |  |  |  | 154,382 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20,259 |  |  | $ | (338,688 | ) |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | (318,422 | )
Extinguishment of convertible preferred stock |  |  |  |  |  |  | (216,386 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 216,386 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 216,386 |
Conversion of convertible preferred stock into common stock |  |  | (2,482,334 | ) |  |  | (28,958 | ) |  |  | 12,411 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,958 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,958 |
Proceeds allocation to Bridge Warrants |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17,635 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17,635 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 643 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 643 |
Reporting currency translation adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (21 | )
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (57,720 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (57,720 | )
Balances as of December 31, 2023 |  |  | 8,048,573 |  |  | $ | 93,889 |  |  |  | 166,793 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 283,881 |  |  | $ | (396,408 | ) |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | (112,541 | )
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of convertible preferred stock |  |  | (8,048,573 | ) |  |  | (93,889 | ) |  |  | 402,428 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 93,889 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 93,889 |
Net exercise of Bridge Warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 66,836 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuance of Common stock upon conversion of Convertible Notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 523,135 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 102,155 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 102,155 |
Issuance of Common stock through the Merger and PIPE Financing, net of redemption and transaction costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 419,663 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (52,801 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (52,801 | )
Conversion of convertible preferred stock warrants to Private Warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 197 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 197 |
Issuance of Common stock to vendor due to contract terminations |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37,500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,327 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,327 |
Issuance of Common stock to vendor due to services provided |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,100 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuance of Common stock through PIPE Financing |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 52,941 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 360 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 360 |
Issuance of vested Restricted Stock Units |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 44,396 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,164 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,164 |
Reporting currency translation adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 33 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (65,393 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (65,393 | )
Balances as of December 31, 2024 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 1,714,792 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 453,172 |  |  | $ | (461,801 | ) |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | (8,610 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-37

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

(IN THOUSANDS)

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (65,393 | ) |  | $ | (57,720 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation expense |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1,088 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 18,164 |  |  |  | 643 |
Amortization of right-of-use assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,050 |
Property and equipment impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19,285 |
Lease impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,274 |
Loss (gain) on lease termination |  |  | (2,015 | ) |  |  | 319 |
Non-cash interest expense |  |  | 1,043 |  |  |  | 1,834 |
Non-cash debt issuance costs |  |  | 11,460 |  |  |  | 3,527 |
Non-cash non-capitalized transaction costs |  |  | 268 |  |  |  | — |
Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes |  |  | 26,359 |  |  |  | — |
Gain on sale of property and equipment |  |  | — |  |  |  | (284 | )
Gain on intellectual property transfer |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,500 | )
Remeasurement of convertible preferred stock warrant liability |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | (127 | )
Remeasurement of public placement warrant liability |  |  | (24,907 | ) |  |  | — |
Remeasurement of related party private placement warrant liability |  |  | (13,001 | ) |  |  | — |
Remeasurement of share-based termination liability |  |  | 979 |  |  |  | 296 |
Remeasurement of convertible notes |  |  | 31,664 |  |  |  | 281 |
Remeasurement of related party convertible notes |  |  | 3,752 |  |  |  | 115 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventory |  |  | (1,525 | ) |  |  | (235 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | (294 | )
Other non-current assets |  |  | (106 | ) |  |  | 713 |
Accounts payable |  |  | (1,023 | ) |  |  | 490 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | (1,522 | ) |  |  | (316 | )
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | (336 | ) |  |  | (5,717 | )
Share-based termination liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,053 |
Other non-current liabilities |  |  | (188 | ) |  |  | — |
Net cash used in operating activities |  |  | (16,147 | ) |  |  | (29,225 | )
Cash used in investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash proceeds from sale of property and equipment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 284 |
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (23 | ) |  |  | (962 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (23 | ) |  |  | (678 | )
Cash provided by financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from the Merger with GAMC |  |  | 5,268 |  |  |  | — |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |  |  | 360 |  |  |  | — |
Payments of deferred transaction costs |  |  | (6,008 | ) |  |  | (1,418 | )
Proceeds from Bridge Financing Notes |  |  | 22,643 |  |  |  | 6,969 |
Payments for Amended Senior Notes |  |  | (538 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from related party notes |  |  | 250 |  |  |  | — |
Payments for related party notes |  |  | (250 | ) |  |  | — |
Payments of related party promissory note |  |  | (648 | ) |  |  | — |
Payments of related party convertible promissory note |  |  | (2,267 | ) |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 18,810 |  |  |  | 5,551 |
Exchange rate effect on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | (62 | ) |  |  | 12 |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  |  | 2,578 |  |  |  | (24,340 | )
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash - Beginning of year |  |  | 934 |  |  |  | 25,274 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - end of year |  | $ | 3,512 |  |  | $ | 934 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-38

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS — (CONTINUED)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

(IN THOUSANDS)

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash information: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year |  | $ | 894 |  |  | $ | 22,932 |
Restricted cash, beginning of year |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 2,342 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of year |  | $ | 934 |  |  | $ | 25,274 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year |  | $ | 3,512 |  |  | $ | 894 |
Restricted cash, end of year |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year |  | $ | 3,512 |  |  | $ | 934 |
Supplementary cash flow disclosures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 472 |  |  | $ | 1,650 |
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred transaction costs in accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | $ | 1,818 |  |  | $ | 708 |
Deferred transaction costs due to Bridge Warrants issuance |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 14,108 |
Convertible note issuance costs due to Bridge Warrants issuance |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 3,527 |
Decrease of deferred transaction costs due to the Merger and PIPE Financing |  | $ | 11,624 |  |  | $ | — |
Issuance of common stock to settle underwriting commission |  | $ | 6,106 |  |  | $ | — |
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of convertible preferred stock |  | $ | 93,889 |  |  | $ | — |
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of convertible bridge notes |  | $ | 102,155 |  |  | $ | — |
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of shared-based termination liability |  | $ | 7,327 |  |  | $ | — |
Conversion of convertible preferred stock warrants to Private Warrants |  | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | — |
Decrease of operating lease right of use assets and liabilities due to remeasurement in connection with lease amendments |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 456 |
Decrease of operating lease liabilities due to lease termination |  | $ | 2,015 |  |  | $ | 21,286 |
Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,958 |
Decrease of prepaid expense due to trouble debt restructuring |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,373 |
Issuance of Gingko Convertible Note due to trouble debt restructuring |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 216,386 |
Issuance of Amended Senior Notes due to trouble debt restructuring |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,340 |
Modification of convertible preferred stock |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,366 |
Decrease of operating lease right of use assets due to lease termination |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,763 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-39

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) develops and produces biomaterials products. Its flagship products from its Vegan Silk Technology Platform, b-silk and xl-silk, are a biodegradable and vegan protein polymer and a replacement for silicone elastomers in beauty and personal care. Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. incorporated in the state of Delaware and is headquartered in California.

Basis of Consolidation and Presentation

On October 4, 2023, Bolt Threads, Inc. (“Legacy Bolt”) and Golden Arrow Merger Corp. (“GAMC”), a Delaware corporation, entered into a Business Combination Agreement (the “Merger Agreement”) with Beam Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of GAMC (the “Merger Sub”). On August 13, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), a merger transaction between Legacy Bolt and GAMC was completed (see Note 4 – Reverse Merger). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, (i) on the Closing Date, the Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Bolt (together with the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Merger” or the “SPAC transaction”), with the Merger Sub ceasing to exist and Legacy Bolt surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of GAMC and (ii) GAMC changed its name to Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to the “Company,” “Bolt”, “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to the business of Bolt Threads, Inc., which became the business of Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries following the Closing Date.

Prior to the Merger, GAMC Class A common stock, and Public Placement Warrants (see Note 9 – Warrants) were listed on the Nasdaq Global Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbols “GAMC” and “GAMCW,” respectively. On August 14, 2024, the Company’s Common stock and Public Warrants (see Note 9 – Warrants) began trading on Nasdaq under the symbols “BSLK” and “BSLKW”, respectively (see Note 4 – Reverse Merger for more information on the Merger transaction).

The Company determined that Legacy Bolt was the accounting acquirer in the Merger based on an analysis of the criteria outlined in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations.

The determination was primarily based on the following facts:

| ● | Former Legacy Bolt stockholders have a controlling voting interest in the Company.

| ● | Legacy Bolt management continues to hold executive management roles for the Company and is responsible for the day-to-day operations; and

| ● | The founders of Legacy Bolt have two out of two non-independent board seats and final approval in the selection of independent seats.

Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Merger was treated as the equivalent of Legacy Bolt issuing stock for the net assets of GAMC, accompanied by a recapitalization. No goodwill or other intangible assets were recorded as a result of the Merger.

Because Legacy Bolt was deemed the accounting acquirer, the historical financial statements of Legacy Bolt became the historical financial statements of the combined company, upon the consummation of the Merger. As a result, the financial statements included herein reflect (i) the historical operating results of Legacy Bolt prior to the Merger; (ii) the combined results of Legacy Bolt and GAMC following the closing of the Merger; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Legacy Bolt at their historical cost; and (iv) the Company’s equity structure for all periods presented.

F-40

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS (cont.)

The equity structure has been retroactively restated in all comparative periods up to the Closing Date, to reflect the number of shares of the Company’s Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, issued to Legacy Bolt shareholders and Legacy Bolt convertible preferred shareholders in connection with the Merger. As such, the shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share related to Legacy Bolt Convertible Preferred Stock (see Note 10 – Convertible Preferred Stock) and Legacy Bolt common stock prior to the Merger have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the Merger.

Reverse Stock Split

On April 21, 2025, Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of its Common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). As previously disclosed, at its special meeting of stockholders held on April 9, 2025 (the “Special Meeting”), the stockholders of the Company approved a proposal to authorize the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”), in its discretion following the Special Meeting, to amend the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) to effect a reverse stock split of all of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, in a ratio within the range from each whole number between and including ten (10) and twenty (20) (the “Reverse Split Ratios”). On April 9, 2025, following the Special Meeting, the Board approved the Reverse Stock Split at a ratio of 1-for-20. On April 21, 2025, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a certificate of amendment (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to amend the Certificate of Incorporation to effect the Reverse Stock Split. The Reverse Stock Split became effective at 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on April 21, 2025.

As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every 20 shares of the Company’s Common stock issued or outstanding were automatically reclassified into one new share of Common stock. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Stockholders who would otherwise have been entitled to receive fractional shares as a result of the Reverse Stock Split received a cash payment in lieu thereof at a price equal to the fraction to which the stockholder would otherwise have been entitled multiplied by the closing sales price per share of the Common stock (as adjusted to give effect to the Reverse Stock Split) on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC on April 21, 2025, the last trading day immediately preceding the effective time of the Reverse Stock Split.

Proportionate adjustments have been made to the number of shares underlying the Company’s outstanding warrants and equity awards, as applicable, as well as to the number of shares issuable under the Company’s equity incentive plans and certain existing agreements, as well as the exercise price, as applicable. The Common stock issued pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split remain fully paid and non-assessable. The Reverse Stock Split did not affect the number of authorized shares of Common stock or the par value of the Common stock.

There was no net effect on total stockholders' equity, and the par value per share of our Common stock remains unchanged at $0.0001 per share after the Reverse Stock Split. Unless otherwise noted, all references made to share or per share amounts relating to the Company's Common stock in the accompanying financial statements and applicable disclosures have been retroactively adjusted for all periods presented to reflect the applicable effects of the Reverse Stock Split. References made to share or per share amounts relating to Legacy Bolt and GAMC securities have not been retroactively adjusted in the accompanying financial statements and applicable disclosures.

F-41

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2. LIQUIDITY AND GOING CONCERN

The Company has not historically been profitable and has had negative cash flow from operations since inception. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company incurred a net loss of $65.4 million and used $16.1 million of cash in operations. As of December 31, 2024 the Company had an accumulated deficit of $461.8 million, a working capital surplus of $1.9 million, and cash and cash equivalents of $3.5 million.

The Company will need substantial capital to support its planned product development and operations. Based upon the Company’s current operating plan, it estimates that its cash and cash equivalents as of the issuance date of the consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus are insufficient for the Company to fund operating, investing, and financing cash flow needs for the twelve months subsequent to the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements. To obtain the capital necessary to fund the operations, the Company expects to obtain funds through equity offerings, debt financing transactions, refinancing or restructuring its current obligations, or any other means.

These uncertainties raise substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of twelve months subsequent to the issuance date of the consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus. Certain elements of the operating plan to alleviate the conditions that raise substantial doubt, including but not limited to the Company’s ability to achieve its expected operating results and the ability to restructure its current debt, are outside of the Company’s control. Accordingly, the Company cannot conclude that management’s plans will be effectively implemented within one year from the date the consolidated financial statements are issued. The consolidated financial statements do not contain any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Correction of an Error

It was identified that certain 2023 expenses previously recorded as general and administrative were related to activities that should be recorded as research and development or sales and marketing. As a result, management has corrected this error by reducing general and administrative expense by $2.6 million, increasing sales and marketing expense by $0.6 million, and increasing research and development by $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This classification adjustment was made to better reflect the nature of the expenses in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The misclassification has no impact on the Company’s total operating expenses, net loss, or net loss per share. The Company analyzed the potential impact of the misclassification error in accordance with the appropriate guidance, from both a qualitative and quantitative perspective, and concluded that the error was not material to any prior year period.

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

F-42

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entity

In December 2020, the Company entered into a contract manufacturing agreement with a third-party supplier to manufacture Mylo. There were no required minimum purchase commitments under the contract manufacturing agreement.

The Company determined that the third-party supplier entity was a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and that the Company was not the primary beneficiary as the Company had no ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. As a result, the Company did not consolidate this entity into its consolidated financial statements. There are no amounts of assets or liabilities related to this entity reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for any periods presented.

In September 2023, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with the third-party supplier to terminate this contract manufacturing agreement in exchange for the termination fee of €0.3 million from the third-party supplier. The Company received the €0.3 million termination fee during the year ended December 31, 2023 and recognized the payment in other income, net within the statement of operations and comprehensive loss during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates and assumptions made by management include, but are not limited to, (i) the estimated fair value of convertible notes, convertible preferred stock, share-based termination liability, convertible preferred stock warrant liability, public placement warrant liability, related party private placement warrant liability and equity awards, and, (ii) estimating the useful lives of fixed assets, and (iii) determining incremental borrowing rates and the accounting for income taxes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Segment Information

Segment reporting is based upon the “management approach,” which is how management organizes the Company’s operating segments for which separate financial information is (1) available and (2) evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer.

The Company has one reportable segment, which is its Vegan Silk Technology Platform. The Vegan Silk Technology Platform segment derives revenues from customers by providing a fully biodegradable, film-forming, versatile and functional ingredient for the beauty industry. The Company’s products are based on its single platform technology that is produced in a similar manner and acquired by customers for a similar purpose, as a beauty product ingredient. The accounting policies of the Vegan Silk Technology Platform segment are the same as those described in this summary of significant accounting policies.

F-43

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

The CODM assesses performance for the segment and decides how to allocate resources based on expenses and net loss that also is reported on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as total consolidated net loss. The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheets as total consolidated assets. Substantially all of the Company’s tangible long-lived assets are located in the United States. As such, long-lived assets by geographic location are not presented. All of the Company’s revenues are generated in the United States.

When evaluating the Company’s financial performance, the CODM reviews the US GAAP financial statements, forecasts, budgets, and the cash position of the Company in deciding whether to reinvest in the Vegan Silk Technology Platform segment or into other parts of the entity, such as making acquisitions or to pay dividends.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company’s future results of operations involve risks and uncertainties. Factors that could affect the Company’s future operating results and cause actual results to vary materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, rapid technological change, continued demand for the Company’s services, the acquisition and retention of significant customers, stability of global financial markets, cybersecurity breaches and other disruptions that could compromise the Company’s information or results, business disruptions that are caused by natural disasters or pandemic events, competition from substitute products and larger companies, government regulations and oversight, patent and other types of litigation, ability to protect proprietary technology, and dependence on key individuals.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and accounts receivable. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held at financial institutions where account balances may at times exceed federally insured limits. Management believes the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial strength of the depository institution in which the cash is held. The Company has no financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk of loss.

In March 2023, Silicon Valley Bank, a division of First Citizens Bank (“SVB”) failed and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) took control of SVB. The Company maintains a significant amount of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in SVB, and the Company’s deposits at this institution exceeds the insured limits. The Federal Reserve subsequently announced that account holders would be made whole and the Company was able to access all of the cash held at SVB. There is no guarantee that the Federal Reserve Board, the U.S. Treasury Department and the FDIC will provide access to uninsured funds in the future in the event of the closure of any other banks or financial institutions in a timely fashion or at all. Any inability to access or delay in accessing these funds could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, and liquidity.

The Company is dependent on a sole supplier for certain manufacturing activities for its Vegan Silk Technology Platform products. An interruption in the supply of these materials could impact the Company’s ability to commercialize and manufacture inventory.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, separate single customers represented 88% and 99% of total revenue, respectively, which the Company attributes primarily to the fact that its commercial sales were in their early stages and total revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1.4 million and $3.4 million, respectively. The Company had $0.9 million and zero outstanding customer accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

Inventory

Inventory consists of finished b-silk powder. Inventory is recorded at the lower of the weighted average cost and net realizable value using the specific identification method based on contractual selling price. Write-downs of b-silk inventory are recognized as a charge to cost of revenue. No impairment was recognized during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The inventory balance at December 31, 2024 and 2023, of $1.8 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

F-44

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

Employee Retention Credits

The Company has accounted for Employee Retention Credits (ERC) as a government grant which analogizes with International Accounting Standards (IAS) 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance. IAS 20 indicates that income is recognized when it is considered that there is reasonable assurance the grant will be received and all necessary qualifying conditions, as stated under the ERC program, are met. Under IAS 20, income is recognized on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grant is intended to compensate. The Company has elected to account for the credits on a gross basis within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Deferred Transaction Costs

Deferred transaction costs consist of direct legal, accounting, filing and other fees and costs directly attributable to the Company’s Merger (see Note 4 — Reverse Merger). The Company capitalized deferred transaction costs prior to the close of the Merger and included within the consolidated balance sheet. In August 2024, the Company reclassified all deferred transaction costs related to the Merger as a reduction to additional paid-in capital to offset the proceeds received upon the closing of the Merger. The deferred transaction costs were zero and $16.2 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Long-Lived Assets and Impairment Assessment

The Company reviews its depreciable long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss may be recognized when the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by a long-lived asset (or asset group) are less than its carrying value. Any required impairment loss would be measured as the amount by which the asset’s (or asset group’s) carrying value exceeds its fair value and would be recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. No impairment charges were recorded on any long-lived assets during the year ended December 31, 2024.

In April 2023, the Company discontinued the production of Mylo due to the failure of several financing initiatives. As the Company had no alternative use for the Mylo-related assets and expected no resale value, the Company fully impaired these assets. Accordingly, the Company recorded $10.2 million of impairment expense of fixed assets relating to this event during the year ended December 31, 2023.

In May 2023, the Company temporarily discontinued its research and development operations in California due to continuing projected negative cash flows and a lack of alternative sources of financing. The overall assets of the Company were no longer considered to provide future cash flows (with the exception of right-of-use (“ROU”) assets intended to be subleased), and the resale value of the Company’s assets was not considered material. Accordingly, the Company fully impaired its fixed assets. The Company recorded $9.1 million impairment expense of long-lived assets relating to this event during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Embedded Derivative Evaluation

The Company evaluates the terms of its debt instruments to determine if any identified embedded features, including embedded conversion options, are required to be bifurcated and accounted for separately as a derivative financial instrument. In circumstances where a host instrument contains more than one embedded derivative instrument, including a conversion option, that is required to be bifurcated, the bifurcated derivative instruments would be accounted for as a single, compound derivative instrument. Any identified embedded derivatives are initially recorded at fair value and are revalued at each reporting date with changes in the fair value reported as non-operating income or expense. If the debt instrument contains embedded derivative features that are required to be bifurcated and accounted for separately, the total proceeds allocated to the host instruments are first allocated to the fair value of all the bifurcated embedded derivative features. The remaining proceeds, if any, are then allocated to the host instruments themselves, usually resulting in those instruments being recorded at a discount from their face value.

F-45

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

Convertible Notes

Convertible notes are regarded as hybrid instruments, consisting of a liability component and an equity component. The Company determined that it is eligible for the fair value option election in connection with the convertible notes (“Convertible Notes”) under the PIPE Subscriber note purchase agreements (“Bridge NPA”) issued in October 2023, in February 2024, in June 2024, and in July 2024, and the Ginkgo NPA Amendment issued in December 2023 (see Note 8 — Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements) as each instrument met the definition of a “recognized financial liability” which is an acceptable financial instrument eligible for the fair value option under ASC 825-10-15-4 and do not meet the definition of any of the financial instruments found within ASC 825-10-15-5 that are not eligible for the fair value option. Therefore, the Company elected to apply the fair value option to account for the Convertible Notes upon issuance. Accordingly, no features of the Convertible Notes are bifurcated and separately accounted for. At the date of issuance, the fair value for each instrument is derived from the instrument’s implied discount rate at inception. The Convertible Notes will be subsequently remeasured at each reporting period until its maturity, prepayment or conversion. The change in fair value of the convertible notes is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as the remeasurement of the convertible notes. Additionally, all issuance costs incurred in connection with the Convertible Notes were expensed during the period the debt is acquired and were included in general and administrative expenses within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

Shared-Based Termination Liability

The shared-based termination liability is recorded for contract termination costs when the Company terminates a contract or stops using the product or service covered by the contract in exchange for an issuance of the new public company shares. The new public company shares are not considered to be indexed to the Company’s own shares at the time the termination occurred. Therefore, the share-based termination is classified as a liability as it does not qualify for the scope exception for derivative accounting under ASC 815-10. The shared-based termination liability is initially recorded at fair value on the termination date and remeasured at fair value each balance sheet date with the offset adjustments recorded in remeasurement of share-based termination liability within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (see Note 5 — Fair Value Measurements).

Leases

The Company elected the practical expedient related to lease and non-lease components, as an accounting policy election for all asset classes, which allows a lessee to not separate non-lease from lease components and instead account for consideration paid in a contract as a single lease component. As such, base rent along with any additional fixed costs paid to the landlord are capitalized as part of the ROU asset. The Company did not elect the practical expedient related to hindsight analysis which allows a lessee to use hindsight in determining the lease term and in assessing impairment of the entity’s ROU assets.

The Company has made an accounting policy election not to recognize ROU assets and lease obligations for its short-term leases, which are defined as leases with an initial term of 12 months or less. However, the Company will recognize these lease payments in the consolidated statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term and variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation is incurred. Lease payments for month-to-month leases are recognized as incurred.

Convertible Preferred Stock

The Company records convertible preferred stock at fair value on the dates of issuance, net of issuance costs. The convertible preferred stock were recorded outside of stockholders’ deficit because the preferred shares contained liquidation features outside of the Company’s control.

The carrying values of the historical convertible preferred stock are adjusted to their liquidation preferences if and when it becomes probable that such a liquidation event will occur. The Company did not adjust the carrying values of the convertible preferred stock to the liquidation preferences of such shares because it is uncertain whether or when an event would occur that would obligate the Company to pay the liquidation preferences to holders of shares of convertible preferred stock.

F-46

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

The Company also evaluated the features of its convertible preferred stock to determine if the features require bifurcation from the underlying shares by evaluating whether they are clearly and closely related to the underlying shares and if they do, or do not, meet the definition of a derivative.

Immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger in August 2024, each share of Legacy Bolt Convertible Preferred Stock automatically converted into shares of Common stock of Legacy Bolt in accordance with the Merger Agreement (see Note 10 — Convertible Preferred Stock).

Common Stock Warrants

The Company accounts for common stock warrants as equity if the contract requires physical settlement or net physical settlement or if the Company has the option of physical settlement or net physical settlement and the warrants meet the requirements to be classified as equity. Common stock warrants classified as equity are initially measured at fair value using the Black-Scholes-Merton (“Black-Scholes”) option-pricing model using various inputs, including Company estimates of expected stock price volatility, term, risk-free rate and future dividends, on the issuance date and are not subsequently remeasured.

The Company accounts for common stock warrants as a liability if the Company can be required under any circumstances to settle the warrant by transferring cash or other assets. Common stock warrants classified as liabilities are initially recorded at fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the issuance date and remeasured at fair value each balance sheet date with the offset adjustments recorded in remeasurement of common stock warrant liability within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants

The Company records convertible preferred stock warrants issued as freestanding warrants as non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets at their estimated fair value. At initial recognition, the warrants were recorded at their estimated fair value calculated using an option model. The warrants were subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date, and any change in fair value was recognized in the remeasurement of convertible preferred stock warrant liability on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger in August 2024, each issued and outstanding convertible preferred stock warrant to purchase Legacy Bolt Convertible Preferred Stock converted into a warrant to purchase shares of the Company’s Common stock. After the Private Warrants Conversion, Private Warrants are indexed to the Company’s own stock, and they were therefore reclassed into equity classified instruments (see Note 9 — Warrants).

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company determines fair value based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants, as determined by either the principal market or the most advantageous market. The Company uses available market information and other valuation methodologies in assessing the fair value of financial instruments. Judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value and, accordingly, changes in assumptions or the estimation methodologies may affect the fair value estimates. Inputs used in the valuation techniques to derive fair values are classified based on a three-level hierarchy. These levels are:

| Level 1— | Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities.
| Level 2— | Observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable or are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means.
| Level 3— | Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available.

F-47

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

The level in the fair value hierarchy within which a fair value measurement in its entirety falls is based on the lowest-level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

Financial assets and liabilities held by the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2024 include public placement warrant liability, and related party private placement warrant liability. Financial assets and liabilities held by the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2023 include share-based termination liability, convertible notes, convertible preferred stock warrant liability, public placement warrant liability, and related party private placement warrant liability (see Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements).

The Company’s long-term debt, non-current is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and the carrying value approximates the fair values as the interest rate on the term loans are based on a rate, which reflects terms similar to those the Company could currently secure in the open market (see Note 8 — Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements).

For certain other financial assets and liabilities, including cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, prepaid and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, the carrying value approximates fair value due to the relatively short maturity period of these balances.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue contracts represent a single performance obligation to sell its products to customers. Sales are recorded at the time control of the product is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the goods sold. Control is the ability of customers to “direct the use of” and “obtain” the benefit from the Company’s products. In evaluating the timing of the transfer of control of products to customers, the Company considers several control indicators, including significant risks and rewards of products, the Company’s right to payment and the legal title of the products. Based on the assessment of control indicators, sales are generally recognized when products are shipped to customers.

In arrangements where another party is involved in providing products to a customer, the Company evaluates whether it acts as a principal or agent in the transaction. To the extent the Company acts as the principal, revenue is reported on a gross basis. To the extent the Company acts as the agent, revenue is reported on a net basis. In this evaluation, the Company considers if the Company obtains control of the specified goods or services before they are transferred to the customer, as well as other indicators such as the party primarily responsible for fulfillment, inventory risk, and discretion in establishing price. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has determined it is acting as the principal in its revenue arrangements due to the Company being primarily responsible for fulfillment of the arrangement and having discretion in establishing the price.

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers, and these timing differences result in receivables (billed or unbilled), contract assets, or contract liabilities (deferred revenue) on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company records a contract asset when revenue is recognized prior to the right to invoice, or deferred revenue when revenue is recognized subsequent to invoicing. The Company had zero contract assets as of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists of all the costs to manufacture, warehouse, and ship b-silk powder. These costs include contract manufacturers and inbound freight, internal and external quality assessments of work-in-process and finished goods inventory, warehousing, packing and shipping supplies, and inventory impairment. These costs exclude depreciation expense as the Company does not hold any material property and equipment that is directly used to support the manufacturing of the goods sold.

Research and Development

Research and development costs consist primarily of personnel-related costs, including salaries, employee benefits, stock-based compensation, both external research and development costs and external product and operations costs incurred under agreements with contract research and other professional services organizations, lab supplies, software and maintenance, and allocated depreciation of property and equipment and lease expenses for both pilot plant and factory facilities.

F-48

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs, including salaries, employee benefits, and stock-based compensation, marketing expenses, and allocated lease expenses for facilities.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs, including salaries, employee benefits, and stock-based compensation, professional services fees, software, and allocated depreciation of property and equipment and lease expenses for facilities.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company grants options to employees and non-employees with an exercise price equal to the fair value of the shares at the date of grant. The Company recognizes the cost of employee and non-employee services received in exchange for stock options (both service-vested and performance milestone-vested) based on the fair value of those awards at the date of grant over the requisite service period. The fair value of the stock option is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

The Company also grants restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees and non-employees, which were subject to vesting upon the satisfaction of both a service-based condition or performance milestone(s)-based condition and a liquidity event condition. The liquidity event condition was deemed satisfied upon the Closing of the Merger. The fair value of RSUs is determined based on the of the Company’s estimated fair value of common stock at the date of grant. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $17.0 million and zero stock-based compensation expense for the RSUs, respectively. The Company elects to account for forfeitures as they occur and, upon forfeiture of an award prior to vesting, the Company reverses any previously recognized compensation expense related to that award.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its consolidated financial statements or tax returns. In addition, deferred tax assets are recorded for the future benefit of utilizing net operating losses and research and development credit carryforwards. Valuation allowances are provided when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

Significant judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all available evidence, including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income, and the feasibility of tax planning strategies. In the event that the Company changes its determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that can be realized, it will adjust the valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.

The Company applies the authoritative accounting guidance prescribing a threshold and measurement attribute for the financial recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step requires the Company to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement.

F-49

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

Foreign Currency Translation

Functional and reporting currency

Items included in the consolidated financial statements of each of the Company’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“the functional currency”).

The reporting currency for these consolidated financial statements is the U.S. dollar.

Transactions in foreign currency

Transactions made in a currency other than the functional currency are remeasured to the functional currency at the exchange rates on the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are remeasured to the functional currency at the exchange rate on that date and non-monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at historical rates. Foreign exchange gains and losses are recorded within other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded immaterial foreign currency translation gain (loss).

Translation to reporting currency

For the subsidiary whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the year. Reporting currency translation adjustments are recorded within accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders’ deficit.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period, without consideration for potential dilutive securities. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and common share equivalents of potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of the diluted net income (loss) per share calculation, convertible preferred stock, convertible preferred stock warrants, common stock warrants, share-based termination liability, vested not settled RSUs, and common stock options are considered to be potentially dilutive securities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which provides qualitative and quantitative updates to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures, among others, in order to enhance the transparency of income tax disclosures, including consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and disaggregation by jurisdiction of income taxes paid. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is also permitted. The Company is currently in the process of reviewing the guidance and evaluating its impact on its consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

On November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 – Segment Reporting (Topic 280) – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which introduce key amendments to enhance disclosures for public entities’ reportable segments. The amendments require disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided CODM and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, an amount and description of its composition for other segment items to reconcile to segment profit or loss, and the title and position of the entity’s CODM. The amendments also expand the interim segment disclosure requirements. The improved disclosure requirements apply to all public entities that are required to report segment information, including those with only one reportable segment. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted and requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company adopted the guidance in the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2024 and there was no impact on the Company’s reportable segments identified. Additional required disclosures have been added (see Note 3 - Significant Accounting Policies - Segment Disclosures).

F-50

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

4. REVERSE MERGER

Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, certain investors (the “PIPE Subscribers”), including the Sponsor (which refers to Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC), entered into the Original PIPE Subscription Agreements with GAMC pursuant to which the PIPE Subscribers originally committed to purchase in a private placement up to 2,787,457 shares of GAMC Class A common stock (the “PIPE Shares”) at a purchase price of $10.00 per share at an aggregate purchase price of up to $27.9 million (the “PIPE Financing”). The purchase of the PIPE Shares would be conditioned upon, among other things, the consummation of the Merger and would be consummated immediately prior to or substantially concurrently with the Closing Date. Pursuant to the Original PIPE Subscription Agreement executed by the Sponsor, the Sponsor agreed to purchase 800,000 shares of GAMC Class A common stock at a purchase price of $10.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $8.0 million. However, the number of subscribed shares to be purchased thereunder by the Sponsor would be reduced by the number of shares of GAMC Class A common stock that had not been elected for redemption as of the expiration of the redemption period related to the Closing and that were held by certain individuals mutually agreed upon by GAMC and the Company at any time from the date of the execution of the agreement up to immediately prior to the expiration of such redemption period.

In February 2024, concurrently with the execution of the Second Bridge Convertible Notes (see Note 8 – Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements), the PIPE Subscribers, including the Sponsor, entered into the First Amendment to the Original PIPE Subscription Agreements with GAMC. Pursuant to the amendment, the gross proceeds from the Second Bridge Convertible Notes of $5.0 million counted towards the commitments for the purchase of PIPE shares under the Original PIPE Subscription Agreements on a dollar-for-dollar basis.

In June 2024, concurrently with the execution of the Third Bridge Convertible Notes (see Note 8 – Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements), the PIPE Subscribers, including the Sponsor, entered into amendment to the PIPE Subscription Agreements with GAMC. Pursuant to the amendment, the gross proceeds from the Third Bridge Convertible Notes of $17.7 million counted towards the commitments for the purchase of PIPE shares under the Original PIPE Subscription Agreements on a dollar-for-dollar basis.

After the Closing Date, certain PIPE subscribers did not purchase the PIPE Shares related to the PIPE Financing, totaling $0.5 million. The remaining PIPE Subscribers purchased 23,506 shares related to the PIPE Financing for total gross proceeds of $4.7 million.

As discussed in Note 1, the Merger was completed on August 13, 2024. Pursuant to the Company’s restated and amended certificate of incorporation, as amended on August 13, 2024, the Company is authorized to issue 500,000,000 shares of Common stock, par value of $0.0001, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001. The holders of shares of Common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held. The preferred stock is non-voting. No shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024.

As a result of the Merger, among other things: (1) each then issued and outstanding GAMC Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, converted automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into a share of the Company’s Common stock; (2) each then issued and outstanding GAMC Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, converted automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into a share of the Company’s Common stock; and (3) each then issued and outstanding GAMC Public Placement Warrant and Private Placement Warrant to purchase one GAMC Class A common stock converted automatically into the Company’s Public Placement Warrant and the Company’s Private Placement Warrant (see Note 9 – Warrants) to acquire one share of the Company’s Common stock, respectively.

F-51

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

4. REVERSE MERGER (cont.)

Immediately prior to the Effective Time, each share of Legacy Bolt Convertible Preferred Stock and each Legacy Bolt Convertible Note (see Note 8 – Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements) automatically converted into shares of common stock of Legacy Bolt in accordance with the Merger Agreement and the Bridge NPA (see Note 8 - Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements). In addition, each Legacy Bolt Bridge Warrant (see Note 9 – Warrants) was automatically net exercised into shares of common stock of Legacy Bolt in accordance with the Warrant Agreement.

As a result of the Merger, among other things (1) all issued and outstanding shares of Legacy Bolt common stock as of immediately prior to the Closing (including Legacy Bolt common stock resulting from the Legacy Bolt Convertible Preferred Stock conversion, resulting from the Legacy Bolt Convertible Notes conversion, and resulting from the Legacy Bolt Bridge Warrants net exercise), were exchanged at an exchange ratio of 0.29489 (the “Exchange Ratio”) for an aggregate of 1,159,192 shares (after giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split) of the Company’s Common stock; (2) each issued and outstanding warrant to purchase Legacy Bolt Convertible Preferred Stock converted into a warrant to purchase shares of the Company’s Common stock (the “Private Warrant”), with each warrant subject to the same terms and conditions as were applicable to the original warrant and having an exercise price and number of shares of Common stock purchasable based on the Exchange Ratio and other terms contained in the Merger Agreement; (3) each issued and outstanding stock option to purchase Legacy Bolt common stock converted into a stock option to purchase shares of the Company’s Common stock, with each option subject to the same terms and conditions as were applicable to the original Legacy Bolt option and with an exercise price and number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock purchasable based on the Exchange Ratio and other terms contained in the Merger Agreement; and (4) each issued and outstanding Legacy Bolt RSU award converted into a RSU award to receive shares of the Company’s Common stock, with each RSU award subject to the same terms and conditions as were applicable to the Legacy Bolt RSU award, and with the number of shares of the Company’s Common stock to which the RSU award converted based on the Exchange Ratio and other terms contained in the Merger Agreement.

As discussed in Note 1, the Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, GAMC was treated as the acquired company and Legacy Bolt was treated as the accounting acquirer for accounting purposes. Accordingly, all historical financial information presented in the consolidated financial statements represents the accounts of Legacy Bolt and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Net assets were stated at historical cost consistent with the treatment of the Merger as a reverse recapitalization of Legacy Bolt.

In accounting for the Merger and after redemptions, the gross proceeds received by the Company totaled $5.3 million. The table below shows the gross proceeds from the Merger and the PIPE Financing (in thousands):

|  | Amount |
Cash – GAMC trust and cash (net of redemption) |  | $ | 567 |
Cash – PIPE Financing |  |  | 4,701 |
Total gross proceeds |  | $ | 5,268 |

Transaction costs consist of direct legal, accounting and other fees relating to the consummation of the Merger. Legacy Bolt transaction costs specific and directly attributable to the Merger totaled $11.6 million. These costs were initially capitalized as incurred in deferred offering costs on the consolidated balance sheets. Upon the Closing, transaction costs related to the issuance of shares were recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.

F-52

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

4. REVERSE MERGER (cont.)

The number of shares of Common stock issued immediately following the consummation of the Merger was as follows:

Common stock - GAMC Class A common stock, outstanding prior to the Merger |  |  | 7,047,500 |
Common stock - GAMC Class B common stock, outstanding prior to the Merger |  |  | 140,000 |
Common stock - GAMC Class A redeemable common stock, outstanding prior to the Merger |  |  | 577,937 |
Less: redemption of GAMC common stock |  |  | (492,278 | )
Common stock - GAMC common stock |  |  | 7,273,159 |
Common stock - upon of settlement of GAMC liability for underwriting commission |  |  | 625,000 |
Common stock - upon issuance to vendor for services rendered related to the Merger |  |  | 25,000 |
Shares issued in PIPE Financing |  |  | 470,120 |
The Merger and PIPE shares |  |  | 8,393,279 |
Common stock - Legacy Bolt |  |  | 3,335,864 |
Common stock - net exercise of Legacy Bolt Bridge Warrants |  |  | 1,336,723 |
Common stock - upon conversion of Legacy Bolt Preferred Stock |  |  | 8,048,573 |
Common stock - upon conversion of Legacy Bolt Convertible Notes |  |  | 10,451,111 |
Common stock - upon of settlement of Legacy Bolt liability for contract termination |  |  | 750,000 |
Total shares of the Company’s Common stock outstanding immediately after the Merger(1) |  |  | 32,315,550 |

(1) | Presented without giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split. After giving effect to the 1-for-20 Reverse Stock Split discussed in Note 1, the total shares of the Company's Common stock outstanding immediately after the Merger was 1,616,355.

5. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value accounting is applied for all financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis.

The table below presents the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Public placement warrant liability |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 267 |  |  | $ | 267 |
Related party private placement warrant liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 133 |  |  |  | 133 |
Long-term debt, non-current |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,186 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,186 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,186 |  |  | $ | 400 |  |  | $ | 13,586 |

The table below presents the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible notes, current |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,604 |  |  | $ | 15,604 |
Related party convertible notes, current |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,133 |  |  |  | 2,133 |
Shared-based termination liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,349 |  |  |  | 6,349 |
Convertible preferred stock warrant liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 203 |  |  |  | 203 |
Long-term debt, non-current |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 13,340 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,340 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,340 |  |  | $ | 24,289 |  |  | $ | 37,629 |

The Company’s convertible notes, current, related party convertible notes, current, share-based termination liability, public placement warrant liability, related party private placement liability, and preferred stock warrant liabilities are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as the valuations are based on unobservable inputs, which reflect the Company’s own assumptions incorporated in valuation techniques used to determine fair value; further discussion of these assumptions is set forth below. There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the periods presented.

F-53

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

5. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (cont.)

Changes in the fair value measurement of Level 3 liabilities are related mainly to unrealized gains (losses) resulting from remeasurement each period and are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Public Placement Warrant Liability

In connection with the Merger, the Company assumed the Public Placement Warrants (see Note 9 – Warrants) to purchase the Company’s Common stock. The Company accounts for the Public Placement Warrants as a liability in accordance with ASC 815-40-15 since the Public Placement Warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as liabilities. This liability is subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date until exercised. The fair value of the public placement liability at December 31, 2024 was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The public placement warrant liability represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy as it has been valued using some unobservable inputs.

Related Party Private Placement Warrant Liability

In connection with the Merger, the Company assumed the Private Placement Warrants (see Note 9 – Warrants) to purchase the Company’s Common stock, which were issued to the Sponsor, a related party. The Company accounts for the Private Placement Warrants as a liability in accordance with ASC 815-40-15 since the Private Placement Warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as liabilities. This liability is subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date until exercised. The fair value of the related party private placement warrant liability at December 31, 2024 was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The related party private placement warrant liability represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy as it has been valued using unobservable inputs.

Convertible notes

The Company concluded that the Convertible Notes and its related features are within the scope of ASC 825, Financial Instruments, as a combined financial instrument, and the Company elected the fair value option where changes in fair value of the convertible notes are measured through the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss until settlement. The Convertible Notes liability represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy as it has been valued using certain unobservable inputs. These inputs include the underlying fair value of the equity instrument into which the Convertible Notes are convertible. The fair value is based on significant inputs not observable in the market, namely potential financing scenarios, the likelihood of such scenarios, the expected time for each scenario to occur, and the required market rates of return utilized in modeling these scenarios.

Share-based termination liability

The fair value of the share-based termination liability at December 31, 2023 was determined based on the expected exchange fair value of the Company’s common stock using the probability weighted expected return method (“PWERM”). The PWERM method is a scenario-based methodology that estimates the fair value of equity securities based upon an analysis of future values of the Company, assuming various outcomes. The significant inputs to the PWERM methodology included rights and preferences of each class of Company’s shares, the Company’s assumptions related to the expected timing of a liquidation event, lack of marketability and the Company’s estimated equity value and volatility on the valuation date, which are based on management’s analysis of comparable publicly traded peer companies. There was no shared-based termination liability as of December 31, 2024.

Convertible preferred stock warrant liability

The fair value of the convertible preferred stock warrant liability as of December 31, 2023 was determined using the PWERM. There was no convertible preferred stock warrant liability as of December 31, 2024.

F-54

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

5. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (cont.)

Change in fair value of Level 3 liabilities

The change in the fair value of the Level 3 liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was as follows (in thousands):

|  | Public placement warrant liability |
Balance at January 1, 2024 |  | $ | — |
Warrants assumed from the Merger |  |  | 25,174 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | (24,907 | )
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 267 |

The change in fair value of the Public Placement Warrants is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as the remeasurement of the public placement warrant liability of $24.9 million and zero for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

|  | Related party private placement warrant liability |
Balance at January 1, 2024 |  | $ | — |
Warrants assumed from the Merger |  |  | 13,134 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | (13,001 | )
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 133 |

The change in fair value of the Private Placement Warrants is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as the remeasurement of the related party private placement warrant liability of $13.0 million and zero for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

|  | Convertible notes, current |
Balance at January 1, 2023 |  | $ | — |
Note issuance during the period |  |  | 15,323 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | 281 |
Balance at January 1, 2024 |  | $ | 15,604 |
Note issuance during the period |  |  | 17,559 |
Loss on extinguishment |  |  | 22,183 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | 31,664 |
Conversion into common stock |  | $ | (87,010 | )
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  | $ | — |

F-55

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

5. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (cont.)

The change in fair value of the convertible notes is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as the remeasurement of the convertible notes totaling loss of $31.7 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There was no change in fair value attributable to the instrument-specific credit risk for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

|  | Related party convertible notes, current |
Balance at January 1, 2023 |  | $ | — |
Note issuance during the period |  |  | 2,018 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | 115 |
Balance at January 1, 2024 |  | $ | 2,133 |
Note issuance during the period |  |  | 5,084 |
Loss on extinguishment |  |  | 4,176 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | 3,752 |
Conversion into common stock |  |  | (15,145 | )
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  | $ | — |

The change in fair value of the related party convertible notes is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as the remeasurement of the related party convertible notes totaling loss of $3.8 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There was no change in fair value attributable to the instrument-specific credit risk for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

|  | Share-based termination liability |
Balance at January 1, 2023 |  | $ | — |
Addition during the period |  |  | 6,053 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | 296 |
Balance at January 1, 2024 |  | $ | 6,349 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | 979 |
Liability settlement due to issuance of common stock |  | $ | (7,328 | )
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  | $ | — |

The change in fair value of the share-based termination liability is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as the remeasurement of the share-based termination liability totaling loss of $1.0 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

|  | Convertible preferred stock warrants liability |
Balance at January 1, 2023 |  | $ | 330 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | (127 | )
Balance at January 1, 2024 |  | $ | 203 |
Change in estimated fair value |  |  | (6 | )
Conversion into Private Warrants |  |  | (197 | )
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  |  | — |

F-56

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

5. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (cont.)

The change in fair value of the convertible preferred stock warrants is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as the remeasurement of the convertible preferred stock warrant liability totaling a gain of $0.01 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

6. SIGNIFICANT BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Prepaid expenses |  | $ | 1,200 |  |  | $ | 1,461 |
Deposits |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 149 |
Other current assets |  |  | 1,347 |  |  |  | 1,893 |
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | $ | 2,593 |  |  | $ | 3,503 |

The Company has recorded $1.2 million and $1.8 million of Employee Retention Credits (“ERC”) as other current assets, which are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively; and zero and $1.8 million in other income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), the ERC is a refundable payroll tax credit for businesses and tax-exempt organizations that were affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eligible businesses, both for-profit and not-for-profit, that experienced a “significant” decline in gross receipts in any quarter (more than 50% decrease in 2020 from 2019, and more than 20% in 2021) could receive a quarterly refundable payroll tax credit. The Company believes it has reasonably assured qualification and submitted for refunds under the ERC program.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Equipment |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | — |
Total property and equipment |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | — |
Less accumulated depreciation |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | — |
Total property and equipment, net |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | — |

Depreciation expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 was immaterial and for year ended December 31, 2023, was $1.1 million. The depreciation expense is presented within operating expenses. Depreciation expense is excluded from cost of revenue.

Other Non-Current Assets

Other non-current assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Prepaid expenses, non-current |  | $ | 3,474 |  |  | $ | 3,368 |
Total other non-current assets |  | $ | 3,474 |  |  | $ | 3,368 |

F-57

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

6. SIGNIFICANT BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS (cont.)

The prepaid expenses, non-current balance as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 primarily represents the remaining balance of the upfront payment made by the Company in October 2022 for future technical services to be provided by Gingko Bioworks, Inc. (“Gingko”) (see Note 8 — Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements).

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Accrued professional services |  | $ | 2,091 |  |  | $ | 714 |
Accrued payroll and benefits |  |  | 205 |  |  |  | 304 |
Accrued interest expense |  |  | 659 |  |  |  | 9 |
Other accrued expenses |  |  | 544 |  |  |  | 26 |
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | $ | 3,499 |  |  | $ | 1,053 |

7. SHARE-BASED TERMINATION LIABILITY

In September 2023, the Company negotiated a contingent lease termination agreement with its landlord for the Berkeley facility lease (see Note 13 — Leases). As a result of the Company issuing 30,000 shares of the new public company to its landlord after the closing of the merger transaction with GAMC, the Berkeley lease facility was considered terminated as of September 10, 2023 pursuant to the lease termination agreement.

In October 2023, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with a supplier (see Note 14 — Commitments and Contingencies). As a result of the Company paying the supplier $1.0 million and issuing 7,500 shares of the new public company to the supplier after the closing of the merger transaction with GAMC, the Supply Agreement was considered terminated as of July 13, 2023 pursuant to the settlement agreement.

After the Merger consummation in August 2024, the Company issued the 37,500 shares of Common stock to its landlord and its supplier to settle the share-based termination liability during the year ended December 31, 2024.

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of the share-based termination liability as of December 31, 2023:

|  | December 31, 2023 |
Fair value of common stock(1) |  | $ | 4.08 |
Discount rate(2) |  |  | 15 | %
Probability(3) |  |  | 10% – 90 | %
Exchange ratio(4) |  |  | 0.482 |

(1) | The fair value of Common Stock was determined by management with the assistance of an independent third-party valuation specialist.

(2) | The discount rate was the expected rate of return and was determined by management with the assistance of an independent third-party valuation specialist.

(3) | Scenario probability based on timing expectations of management that a qualified offering occurring as of December 31, 2023 was estimated at 90% and no qualified offering occurred was estimated at 10%.

(4) | The exchange ratio, as defined in the Company’s business combination agreement, represents the number of new public company shares to be provided in exchange for the shares owned by existing Company shareholders. The exchange ratio is calculated based on the number of shares of the new public company divided by the number of fully diluted shares of the Company.

F-58

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

8. BORROWINGS AND OTHER FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

Senior Secured Notes

In October 2022, the Company and Ginkgo executed several concurrent agreements including a Senior Secured Note Purchase Agreement (the “Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement”), an amendment to the 2021 Technical Development Agreement (“2021 TDA”), a 2022 Technical Development Agreement (“2022 TDA”), a Pledge and Security Agreement, and Trademark and Patent Security Agreements (see Note 14 — Commitments and Contingencies).

Under the terms of the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement, the Company issued and sold to Ginkgo and Ginkgo agreed to purchase senior secured notes (the “Senior Secured Notes”) on October 14, 2022 (the “Notes Issuance Date”), in the aggregate original stated principal amount of $30 million. Upon its execution, the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement required the Company to pay Ginkgo $10.0 million as an upfront payment for future technical services to be provided by Ginkgo under the 2022 TDA. The remainder of the proceeds from the Senior Secured Notes issuance may be used by the Company for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Senior Secured Notes initially matured on October 14, 2024 (the “Maturity Date”) or earlier upon an event of default as defined by the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement.

The Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement initially required quarterly interest payments on the outstanding principal amount of the Notes, from the Notes Issuance Date until and including the Maturity Date, at a rate equal to the three-month United States Treasury Security Rate on the date three business days prior to the applicable quarterly payment date (defined as (i) the last business day of each fiscal quarter beginning on the first such date prior to issuance of the Senior Secured Notes and (ii) the maturity date), plus six percent. The Senior Secured Notes initially carried a default rate of interest, due upon the occurrence and during events of default, as defined in the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement, of an incremental three percent.

Principal payments were initially due quarterly, starting in the first quarter subsequent to a qualified equity issuance, as defined in the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement, for cash proceeds greater than or equal to $50.0 million (defined as the “Amortization Date”), through the Maturity Date. As of December 31, 2024, $0.5 million in principal payments have been made under the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement. Senior Secured Notes issued under the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement, once repaid or prepaid, may not be reborrowed. The Senior Secured Notes may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium.

The Senior Secured Notes are collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets, and each of its legal subsidiaries’ tangible and intangible assets. The Senior Secured Notes contain customary covenants and events of default. Additionally, the Senior Secured Notes contains subjective acceleration clauses to accelerate the maturity date of the Senior Secured Notes in the event that a material adverse change has occurred within the business, operations, or financial condition of the Company. As of December 31, 2024, the Company believes that the likelihood of the acceleration of the maturity date due to the subjective acceleration clauses is remote.

In December 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to modify the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement (“Ginkgo NPA Amendment”). Under the terms of the modification, $10.0 million of outstanding principal was exchanged for a $10.0 million convertible note (“Gingko Convertible Note”), which is subjected to the terms of the Bridge NPA as discussed in the next section. The remaining $20.0 million of outstanding principal, $0.1 million of unamortized issuance costs, and accrued interest of $1.7 million related to the outstanding principal, were exchanged for amended senior secured notes with a principal balance of $11.8 million (the “Amended Senior Note”), a nonexclusive right to license the Company’s intellectual property relating to Mylo (“IP Transfer”), and a reduction of the prepaid balance relating to the 2022 TDA by $5.4 million (collectively, the “2023 Ginkgo Amendment”). The Amended Senior Note increased the interest rate from the Senior Secured Notes from the existing rate of treasury rate plus 6% per annum to a fixed rate of 12% per annum. In addition, the Amended Senior Note extended the maturity date from October 14, 2024 per the Senior Secured Notes to December 31, 2027. The Company evaluated the Ginkgo NPA Amendment and determined that it was required to be accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring in accordance with ASC 470-60, Debt — Troubled Debt Restructurings by Debtors. As a result of the IP Transfer, the Company recognized a gain of $2.5 million in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss during the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company recorded the Amended Senior Note at its net carrying value, which was calculated by taking the carrying value of the Senior Secured Notes immediately prior to the 2023 Ginkgo Amendment and reducing it by the fair value of assets transferred. The future undiscounted cash payments related to principal and interest exceed the carrying value of the Amended Senior Note upon issuance. Therefore, the Company did not record a gain on the restructuring of the Senior Secured Notes, and fees paid to third parties were expensed as incurred. The Company calculates and records interest expense on the Amended Senior Note using the effective interest method.

F-59

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

8. BORROWINGS AND OTHER FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS (cont.)

On March 10, 2023, the Company entered into a Limited Waiver to Senior Secured Note Purchase Agreement (the “Initial Waiver”) to: (i) provide a waiver for the violation in which the Company failed to deliver the audited financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2022, and (ii) provide a waiver for the violation in which the Company failed to deliver the compliance certificate for the year ended December 31, 2022 during the period commencing as of June 30, 2023 and ending September 30, 2023.

On November 2, 2023, the Company entered into a Limited Waiver to Senior Secured Note Purchase Agreement (the “Second Waiver”) to extend the waiver period of the Initial Waiver through December 31, 2023. On January 30, 2024, the Company entered into a Limited Waiver to Senior Secured Note Purchase Agreement (the “Third Waiver”) to extend the waiver period of the Second Waiver through February 29, 2024. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company was not aware of any other violations of the covenants.

In April 2024, the Company and Ginkgo entered into the second amendment to the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement (the “Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement Amendment No. 2”). Pursuant to the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement Amendment No. 2, the interest from the Ginkgo NPA Amendment effective date until the occurrence of the SPAC transaction (see Note 4 — Reverse Merger) shall be paid either entirely in cash or in kind by capitalizing and adding such accrued interest to the principal of the Amended Senior Notes at the option of the Company. In addition, upon the occurrence of the SPAC transaction, the Company shall prepay an aggregate principal amount of the Amended Senior Notes equal to the sum of (i) the product of (x) $250,000 and (y) the number of interest payments that were paid in kind, plus (ii) any accrued but unpaid interest amount. After the Merger consummation in August 2024, the Company paid $0.5 million in principal of the Amended Senior Notes in September 2024.

As of December 31, 2023, the total outstanding principal balance under the Amended Senior Note was $11.8 million and had an effective interest rate of 8.3%. The carrying value of the Amended Senior Note was $13.3 million at December 31, 2023 and is included in long-term debt, non-current, in the consolidated balance sheet.

At December 31, 2024, the total outstanding principal balance under the Amended Senior Note was $12.0 million and had an effective interest rate of 8.3%. The carrying value of the Amended Senior Note was $13.2 million at December 31, 2024, and is included in long-term debt, non-current, in the consolidated balance sheet.

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, interest expense recognized on the Senior Secured Notes and Amended Senior Note was $1.1 million and $3.5 million, respectively. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was $0.4 million and immaterial accrued interest, respectively, that is included within the accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table summarizes the Company’s stated debt maturities and future scheduled principal repayments for the Amended Senior Note as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

For the year ending December 31, |  | Amount |
2025 |  | $ | — |
2026 |  |  | — |
2027 |  |  | 11,960 |
Total debt principal payments |  |  | 11,960 |
Add: unamortized debt premium |  | $ | 1,226 |
Total Amended Senior Notes |  | $ | 13,186 |

F-60

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

8. BORROWINGS AND OTHER FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS (cont.)

Bridge Financing Notes

In October 2023, the Company entered into a Merger Agreement with GAMC and Beam Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of GAMC (see Note 14 — Commitments and Contingencies). Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, certain investors (the “PIPE Subscribers”), including the Sponsor (which refers to Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC), entered into subscription agreements (the “Original PIPE Subscription Agreements”) with GAMC (see Note 14 — Commitments and Contingencies). In addition, each of the PIPE Subscribers also entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (“Bridge NPA”) with the Company. Pursuant to the Bridge NPA, the Company issued each PIPE Subscriber convertible promissory notes (each, a “Bridge Convertible Note”) in the aggregate original stated principal amount of $7.0 million, out of which $2.0 million was issued to three related parties. The Bridge Convertible Notes accrue interest at 8% per annum, which is compounded quarterly. The Bridge Convertible Notes matured on October 4, 2024.

Upon the closing of a non-qualified financing, the outstanding principal and unpaid accrued interest of each Bridge Convertible Note shall, at the election of the majority Bridge Convertible Note holders, be converted into conversion shares. Upon the closing or series of related closings of a qualified financing, the outstanding principal and unpaid accrued interest of each Bridge Convertible Note shall be automatically and without requiring any PIPE Subscriber’s prior consent or approval converted into conversion shares. Immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger, the outstanding principal and unpaid accrued interest of each Bridge Convertible Note automatically and without requiring any PIPE Subscriber’s prior consent or approval converted into conversion shares. In connection with a Merger transaction, all interest on the Bridge Convertible Notes shall cease to accrue as of a date selected by the Company that is no more than 30 days prior to the consummation of the Merger, which was July 30, 2024.

The conversion price under the non-qualified financing conversion or qualified financing conversion is 80% of the lowest price paid per share for the equity securities sold by the Company in non-qualified financing or qualified financing. The conversion price under the Merger transaction is calculated by dividing 80% of the Company’s equity value of $250.0 million by the Company’s fully-diluted shares.

In connection with the Bridge NPA, the Company also issued to certain PIPE Subscribers whose commitment is more than the Pro Rata Share with respect to such PIPE Subscribers a total of 1,336,723 warrants (the “Bridge Warrants”) to purchase shares of Common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.00339 per share. The Bridge Warrants were classified as a component of permanent stockholders’ equity within additional paid-in-capital and were recorded at the issuance date using a relative fair value allocation method in accordance with ASC 470-20. The Bridge Warrants were equity classified because they were freestanding financial instruments that were legally detachable and separately exercisable from the Bridge Convertible Notes, were immediately exercisable, did not embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its shares, permit the holders to receive a fixed number of common shares upon exercise, are indexed to the Company’s Common stock and meet the equity classification criteria. In addition, such Warrants do not provide any guarantee of value or return.

As the proceeds received from this transaction are not representative of the aggregate fair value of the Bridge Convertible Notes and Bridge Warrants, the Company recorded the Bridge Convertible Notes at fair value of $7.0 million upon issuance and did not allocate any of the proceeds to the Bridge Warrants. In addition, the Company determined that the Bridge Warrants were issued to the counterparties in return for both (1) the purchase of the Bridge Convertible Notes upon issuance in October 2023, and (2) the binding commitment to purchase PIPE securities in the future. As a result, the Warrants were considered a cost incurred to entice the counterparties to participate in the Bridge Convertible Notes financing transaction and a future PIPE transaction. Therefore, the $17.6 million fair value of the Warrants was accounted for as issuance costs of $3.5 million and deferred financing costs of $14.1 million based on a relative fair value of the Bridge Convertible Notes and the PIPE transaction, respectively.

In February 2024, the Company issued to certain PIPE Subscribers convertible promissory notes (each, a “Second Bridge Convertible Note”) in the aggregate original stated principal amount of $5.0 million. The Second Bridge Convertible Notes are subject to the terms of the Bridge NPA. In addition, amounts of Second Bridge Convertible Notes reduced, on a dollar-for-dollar basis, the respective commitments of the PIPE Subscribers under the Original PIPE Subscription Agreements (see Note 4 — Reverse Merger). As such, $2.5 million of deferred transaction costs was recognized as issuance costs in general and administrative expenses within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss based on a relative fair value of the Bridge Convertible Notes, the PIPE transaction, and the Second Bridge Convertible Notes.

F-61

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

8. BORROWINGS AND OTHER FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS (cont.)

In June 2024, the Company agreed to issue and sell to certain PIPE Subscribers convertible promissory notes (each, a “Third Bridge Convertible Note”) in the aggregate original stated principal amount of $17.7 million, (including the purchase of an additional $1.4 million of the Third Bridge Convertible Notes by the Sponsor, which was funded on July 1, 2024, and the purchase of an additional $2.4 million of the Third Bridge Convertible Notes by the Sponsor, which was funded on July 24, 2024). The Third Bridge Convertible Notes are subject to the terms of the Bridge NPA and have substantially the same terms as the Bridge Convertible Notes and Second Bridge Convertible Notes, except that the conversion price under the SPAC conversion is calculated by dividing 40% of the Company Value by the Fully-Diluted Shares immediately prior to the conversion. The Company issued and sold to certain PIPE Subscribers, including the Sponsor, the Third Bridge Convertible Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $13.7 million and $4.0 million in June 2024 and July 2024, respectively. In addition, amounts of Third Bridge Convertible Notes reduced, on a dollar-for-dollar basis, the respective commitments of the PIPE Subscribers under the Original PIPE Subscription Agreements and the 2024 PIPE Subscription Agreements (see Note 4 — Reverse Merger). As such, $8.9 million of deferred transaction costs was recognized as issuance costs in general and administrative expenses within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss based on a relative fair value of the Bridge Convertible Notes, the PIPE transaction, the Second Bridge Convertible Notes, and the Third Bridge Convertible Notes.

In June 2024, the Company entered into the Second Amendment to the Note Purchase Agreement (“Second Bridge NPA”). Pursuant to the Second Bridge NPA, the conversion price for the First Bridge Notes, the Gingko Bridge Note, and the Second Bridge Notes under the SPAC conversion was automatically adjusted from 80% to 40%. The Company evaluated the Second Bridge NPA in accordance with ASC 470-50 and concluded that the amendment should be accounted for as a debt extinguishment because of a substantial change to the conversion feature. The total fair value of the Bridge Convertible Notes, the Gingko Convertible Note, and the Second Bridge Convertible Notes on the date of the amendment was approximately $52.7 million, which resulted in the recognition of a loss on extinguishment of approximately $26.4 million on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024.

As discussed in Note 4, immediately prior to the Effective Time, each Convertible Note automatically converted into shares of Common stock in accordance with the Merger Agreement and the Bridge NPA. Prior to this conversion, the Company remeasured the fair value of the Convertible Notes resulting in a final fair value of $102.2 million by using the conversion price under the Second Bridge NPA. After this conversion, the converted shares reclassed into equity classified instruments. Therefore, the balances for Convertible notes, current and Related party convertible notes, current were removed, and additional paid-in capital was increased by $102.2 million to account for the conversion of the Convertible Notes.

At December 31, 2023, the fair value of the convertible notes and the related party convertible notes was $15.6 million and $2.1 million, respectively. There were no convertible notes or related party convertible notes as of December 31, 2024.

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of the 2023 Convertible Notes as of December 31, 2023:

|  | Scenario 1 |  |  | Scenario 2 |
Probability of each scenario(1) |  |  | 90 | % |  |  | 10 | %
Expected remaining term (years)(2) |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | 0.76 |
Implied discount rate(3) |  |  | 25.8 | % |  |  | 25.8 | %

(1) | The probability of each scenario is based on timing expectations of management that a qualified offering occurring as of December 31, 2023 was estimated at 90% and no qualified offering occurred was estimated at 10%.

(2) | The expected remaining term represents the period of time that Bridge Convertible Notes are expected to be converted.

(3) | The implied discount rate was the expected rate of return and was determined by management with the assistance of an independent third-party valuation specialist.

F-62

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

8. BORROWINGS AND OTHER FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS (cont.)

Promissory Note — Related Party

In connection with the Merger, the Company assumed an unsecured promissory note (“Promissory Note”) issued to the Sponsor, a related party, in the aggregate amount of $0.6 million. The Promissory Note bears no interest and the principal balance is payable on the date of the consummation of the initial business combination. In August 2024, the Company repaid the entire outstanding balance of $0.6 million.

Convertible Promissory Note — Related Party

In connection with the Merger, the Company assumed a convertible promissory note (“Convertible Promissory Note”) issued to the Sponsor, a related party, in the aggregate amount of $2.3 million. The Convertible Promissory Note bears no interest and the principal balance is payable on the date of the consummation of the initial business combination. At the Sponsor’s discretion, the promissory note may be converted into warrants of the post-Business Combination entity at a price of $1.50 per warrant, provided that the aggregate of such warrants does not exceed 1,000,000 warrants. The warrants would be identical to the Private Placement Warrants (see Note 9 – Warrants). In August 2024, the Company repaid the entire outstanding balance of $2.3 million.

Securities Purchase Agreement

On November 25, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Daniel Widmaier, David Breslauer, Randy Befumo, Jeri Finard, and an entity affiliated with Jerry Fiddler (collectively, the “Purchasers”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company sold an aggregate of 52,941 shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, to the Purchasers for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $360,000 before deducting any offering expenses. The purchase price for each share was $6.80, which was equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on Nasdaq on the date the Purchase Agreement was entered.

9. WARRANTS

Bridge Warrants

In connection with the Bridge Convertible Notes issued in October 2023 (see Note 8 — Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements), the Company issued warrants to purchase 1,336,723 shares of common stock exercisable at $0.00339 per share. The Bridge Warrants are classified as a component of equity and are immediately exercisable. The warrants expire on the earlier of: (1) the fifth anniversary; (2) immediately prior to the consummation of a change of control; or (3) immediately prior to the consummation of a SPAC transaction.

All issued Bridge Warrants were outstanding at December 31, 2023. As discussed in Note 4, immediately prior to the closing of the Merger in August 2024, all issued and outstanding Bridge Warrants were net exercised into shares of the Company’s common stock.

Private Warrants

In connection with the Company’s various historical debt and equity financing arrangements, the Company issued convertible preferred stock warrants to purchase shares of its various Series of convertible preferred stock.

The convertible preferred stock warrants are classified as liabilities, with changes in fair value recorded through earnings, as the underlying convertible preferred shares can be redeemed by the holders of these shares upon the occurrence of certain events that are outside of the control of the Company.

F-63

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

9. WARRANTS (cont.)

As discussed in Note 4, immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger in August 2024, each issued and outstanding convertible preferred stock warrant to purchase Legacy Bolt Convertible Preferred Stock converted into a warrant to purchase shares of the Company’s Common stock, with each warrant subject to the same terms and conditions as were applicable to the original warrant and having an exercise price and number of shares of Common stock purchasable based on the Exchange Ratio and other terms contained in the Merger Agreement (the “Private Warrants Conversion”).

After the Private Warrants Conversion, Private Warrants are indexed to the Company’s own stock, and they were therefore reclassed into equity classified instruments. Prior to the Private Warrants Conversion, the Company remeasured the convertible preferred stock warrant liability resulting in a final warrant value of $0.2 million. Therefore, the convertible preferred stock warrant liability for these warrants was removed and additional paid-in capital was increased by $0.2 million to account for the equity reclassification.

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of the convertible preferred stock warrant liability as of December 31, 2023 under PWERM:

|  | December 31, 2023 |
Fair value of common stock(1) |  | $ | 4.08 |
Discount rate(2) |  |  | 15 | %
Probability(3) |  |  | 10%—90 | %
Exercise Price(4) |  | $ | 0.00—$4.35 |
Expected term (in years)(5) |  |  | 0.50 years |

(1) | The fair value of Legacy Bolt Common Stock was determined by management with the assistance of an independent third-party valuation specialist.

(2) | The discount rate was the expected rate of return and was determined by management with the assistance of an independent third-party valuation specialist.

(3) | Scenario probability based on timing expectations of management that a qualified offering occurring as of December 31, 2023 was estimated at 90% and no qualified offering occurred was estimated at 10%.

(4) | The warrants have varying exercise prices, with certain warrants having an exercise price higher than the value of the Company’s common shares at the time of valuation.

(5) | The expected term represents the period of time that warrants granted are expected to be outstanding.

The following table represents the Private Warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2024:

|  | Issued Date |  | Exercise Price |  |  | Number of shares |  |  | Expiration Date
Series A |  | January 2013 |  | $ | 63.36 |  |  |  | 631 |  |  | January 2028
Series B |  | June 2015 |  |  | 229.99 |  |  |  | 434 |  |  | June 2030
Series E |  | July 2022 |  |  | 1,284.95 |  |  |  | 778 |  |  | July 2029
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,843 |  |  |

The following table represents the convertible preferred stock warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2023:

|  | Issued Date |  | Exercise Price |  |  | Number of shares |  |  | Expiration Date
Series A |  | January 2013 |  | $ | 63.36 |  |  |  | 631 |  |  | January 2028
Series B |  | June 2015 |  |  | 229.98 |  |  |  | 434 |  |  | June 2030
Series C |  | July 2017 |  |  | 574.55 |  |  |  | 293 |  |  | July 2024
Series D |  | September 2017 |  |  | 1,087.80 |  |  |  | 2,206 |  |  | September 2024
Series E |  | July 2022 |  |  | 1,284.95 |  |  |  | 778 |  |  | July 2029
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,342 |  |  |

F-64

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

9. WARRANTS (cont.)

Public Warrants

Private Placement Warrants – Related Party

In connection with the Company’s Merger in August 2024 (see Note 4 – Reverse Merger), the Company assumed warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of the Company’s Common stock (the “Private Placement Warrants”), which were issued to the Sponsor, a related party, with an exercise price of $230.00 per share.

The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Placement Warrants discussed in the next section, except that if held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, they (i) may be exercised on a cashless basis and (ii) are not subject to redemption. If the Private Placement Warrants are held by holders other than the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, then the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by the holders on the same basis as Public Placement Warrants, if price per share is less than $360.00. In addition, the Private Placement Warrants (and the shares of Common stock issuable upon exercise of such Private Placement Warrants) may not be transferred, assigned, or sold until 30 days after the completion of the Company’s Merger, subject to certain limited exceptions.

Public Placement Warrants

In connection with the Company’s Merger in August 2024 (see Note 4 – Reverse Merger), the Company assumed warrants to purchase 479,163 shares of the Company’s Common stock (the “Public Placement Warrants” and together with the Private Placement Warrants, the “Public Warrants”), with an exercise price of $230.00 per share. Public Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares.

The Public Warrants would become exercisable on the later of (a) 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination and (b) 12 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering. The Public Warrants would expire five years after the completion of a Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. As discussed in Note 4, the Company completed the Merger on August 13, 2024. Therefore, all issued and outstanding Public Warrants become exercisable after September 13, 2024. The Public Warrants expire on August 13, 2029.

In addition, the Company has agreed that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 20 business days after the closing of a Merger, the Company would use its commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC, and within 60 business days following a Merger to have declared effective, a registration statement covering the issuance of the shares of Common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and to maintain a current prospectus relating to those shares of Common stock until the warrants expire or are redeemed. Following the Merger consummation, the Company filed such registration statement on September 19, 2024 with the SEC to cover the issuance of the shares of Common stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants.

Notwithstanding the above, if the Common stock is at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that it satisfies the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, the Company may, at its option, require holders of Public Warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event the Company so elects, the Company will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, but will use its commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.

Redemption

Redemption of Public Warrants when the price per share of Common stock equals or exceeds $360.00. The Company may redeem the outstanding Public Warrants (except as described herein with respect to the Private Placement Warrants):

| ● | in whole and not in part.

| ● | at a price of $0.01 per warrant.

| ● | upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption, or 30-day redemption period, to each warrant holder; and

F-65

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

9. WARRANTS (cont.)

| ● | if, and only if, the last reported sale price of the Common stock equals or exceeds $360.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

When the Public Warrants become redeemable by the Company, the Company may exercise its redemption right even if it is unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws.

Redemption of Public Warrants when the price per share of Common stock equals or exceeds $200.00. Commencing ninety days after the Public Warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the outstanding warrants:

| ● | in whole and not in part.

| ● | at a price of $0.10 per warrant if holders will be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis prior to redemption and receive that number of shares of Common stock based on the redemption date and the fair market value of the Common stock.

| ● | upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption.

| ● | if, and only if, the last reported sale price of the Common stock equals or exceeds $200.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) on the trading day prior to the date on which the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

| ● | if, and only if, the Private Placement Warrants are also concurrently called for redemption on the same terms as the outstanding Public Warrants, as described above; and

| ● | if, and only if, there is an effective registration statement covering the issuance of the shares of Common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating thereto available throughout the 30-day period after written notice of redemption is given.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, as described above, its management will have the option to require any holder that wishes to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the Warrant Agreement. The exercise price and number of Common stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, extraordinary dividend or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, except as described below, the Public Warrants will not be adjusted for issuances of Common stock at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the Public Warrants.

The Public Placement Warrants and Private Placement Warrants are classified as public placement warrant liability and related party private placement warrant liability, respectively, in accordance with ASC 815-40-15 since the Public Warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as liabilities. These liabilities are subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date until exercised with changes in fair value recorded through earnings (see Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements).

As of December 31, 2024, there were 14,588,333 Public Warrants outstanding, each for 1/20th of a share of Common stock.

F-66

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

9. WARRANTS (cont.)

The key inputs for the Monte Carlo simulation model to value the Public Warrants at December 31, 2024 were as follows:

|  | December 31, 2024 |
Stock price |  | $ | 9.60 |
Exercise price for whole share of common stock |  | $ | 230.00 |
Redemption threshold |  | $ | 360.00 |
Effective expiration date |  |  | August 13, 2029 |
Term (years) |  |  | 4.62 |
Volatility |  |  | 80.4 | %
Risk-free rate |  |  | 4.27 | %

10. CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

In October 2023, the Company amended and restated the articles of incorporation to add a conversion feature to the convertible preferred stock. Pursuant to the amendment, all outstanding convertible preferred stock automatically converted into the same number of shares of Common stock upon the consummation of a Merger with GAMC. In addition, if any holder of shares of convertible preferred stock did not participate in a financing event within the time specified by the Company by (i) purchasing the Bridge Convertible Notes (see Note 8 — Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements) equal to at least 20% of such holder’s Pro Rata Share and (ii) entering into the Original PIPE Subscription Agreement (see Note 4 — Reverse Merger) equal to at least 80% of such holder’s Pro Rata Share (collectively, the sum of (i) and (ii) is referred to as the “Commitment” with respect to each such holder), then the applicable portion of the shares of convertible preferred stock held by such holder automatically converted into shares of common stock at a ratio of one share of common stock for every ten shares of convertible preferred stock, with any remaining fraction being cancelled. The applicable portion of the shares of convertible preferred stock was calculated by multiplying the aggregate number of shares of convertible preferred stock held by such holder immediately prior to the initial closing of the financing of the Bridge Convertible Notes by a fraction, the numerator of which was equal to the dollar amount, if positive, by which such holder’s Pro Rata Share exceeds such holder’s Commitment, and the denominator of which was equal to such holder’s Pro Rata Share.

This amendment of the conversion feature was determined to be significant using the qualitative approach. As such, the Company accounted for the amendment as an extinguishment of the outstanding convertible preferred stock and recorded a gain on extinguishment of $216.4 million on the date of the filing of amended and restated articles of incorporation. The gain on the extinguishment of the convertible preferred stock was calculated by taking the difference between the net carrying value of $339.2 million of convertible preferred stock immediately prior to the amendment of the conversion feature and the fair value of $122.8 million of the new convertible preferred stock that for accounting purposes was deemed to be issued in connection with the amended and restated articles of incorporation. The gain on extinguishment was recorded as a deemed contribution in equity and was recorded as a decrease to the net loss attributable to common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2023 and as an increase to additional paid-in capital.

In November 2023, the time for convertible preferred stockholders to participate in a financing event elapsed, which resulted in 8,418,087 shares of convertible preferred stock converted into 841,785 shares of Common stock during the year ended December 31, 2023.

As discussed in Note 4, immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger in August 2024, each share of Legacy Bolt Convertible Preferred Stock automatically converted into shares of Common stock of Legacy Bolt in accordance with the Merger Agreement. In addition, the Company filed its restated amended certificate of incorporation, which authorized the issuance of up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share.

F-67

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

10. CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK (cont.)

As of December 31, 2023, the authorized, issued, and outstanding convertible preferred stock (collectively, the “Convertible Preferred Stock”) consisted of the following (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

|  | Shares authorized |  |  | Shares issued and outstanding |  |  | Original Issue Price |  |  | Net proceeds |  |  | Aggregate liquidation preference |
Series A(1) |  |  | 1,631,226 |  |  |  | 1,573,999 |  |  |  | 3.1680 |  |  | $ | 4,924 |  |  | $ | 4,986 |
Series B |  |  | 2,834,955 |  |  |  | 2,511,007 |  |  |  | 11.4994 |  |  | $ | 28,785 |  |  | $ | 28,875 |
Series C |  |  | 1,708,298 |  |  |  | 1,498,516 |  |  |  | 28.7280 |  |  | $ | 42,921 |  |  | $ | 43,049 |
Series D |  |  | 2,424,334 |  |  |  | 1,312,722 |  |  |  | 54.3907 |  |  | $ | 69,453 |  |  | $ | 71,400 |
Series E(2) |  |  | 3,951,628 |  |  |  | 1,152,329 |  |  |  | 64.2483 |  |  | $ | 73,092 |  |  | $ | 74,035 |
|  |  | 12,550,441 |  |  |  | 8,048,573 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 219,175 |  |  | $ | 222,345 |

(1) | Includes 56,080 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock issued at a price of $3.01 per share, representing a 5% discount from the original issuance price, from simultaneous extinguishment of convertible notes.

(2) | Includes 838,702 shares of Series E convertible preferred stock issued at a price of $54.61 per share, representing a 15% discount from the original issuance price, from simultaneous extinguishment of convertible notes.

11. COMMON STOCK AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Common Stock

As discussed in Note 4, in connection with the Merger consummation, the Company filed its restated amended certificate of incorporation, which authorized the issuance of up to 500,000,000 shares of Common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were 500,000,000 and 18,858,216 shares of Common stock authorized, respectively, and 1,714,792 and 166,793 shares issued and outstanding, respectively. Holders of Common stock are entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the Board of Directors, subject to the priority rights of holders of all series of convertible preferred stock outstanding. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held at all meetings of stockholders.

Common stock reserved for issuance as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, is as follows:

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Series A convertible preferred stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | 78,699 |
Series B convertible preferred stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | 125,550 |
Series C convertible preferred stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | 74,925 |
Series D convertible preferred stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | 65,636 |
Series E convertible preferred stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | 57,616 |
Warrants outstanding for future issuance of convertible preferred stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,343 |
Warrants outstanding for future issuance of Common stock |  |  | 729,166 |  |  |  | 66,858 |
Stock options and restricted stock units |  |  | 353,908 |  |  |  | 82,850 |
Stock options and restricted stock units available for future issuance |  |  | 34,934 |  |  |  | 33,523 |
Total shares of common stock reserved |  |  | 1,118,008 |  |  |  | 590,000 |

F-68

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

11. COMMON STOCK AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (cont.)

Equity Incentive Plans

The Company has previously maintained the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”) and the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), under which the Company previously granted stock options (both service-based and milestone-based) and RSUs. The Company currently maintains the 2024 Incentive Award Plan (the “2024 Plan” and together with the 2009 Plan and 2019 Plan, “the Plans”), under which the Company may grant incentive stock options to employees of the Company and non-statutory stock options, restricted share awards, RSUs and other stock-based and cash-based awards to employees, officers, and non-employee directors and consultants of the Company. No further awards have been or will be issued under the 2009 Plan or 2019 Plan following the Closing of the Merger.

The Company recognizes compensation costs for service-based option awards on a straight-line basis over the expected requisite service period of the employee or non-employee, which is the award’s vesting term, generally, over four years. The performance milestone-vested option awards vest upon the achievement of a single award specific performance condition. At the grant date, the Company estimates the implicit requisite service period based on the expected achievement of the performance condition. This implicit requisite service period is reviewed at each reporting date as the achievement of the performance condition might occur at a point in time different than originally estimated. The Company recognizes compensation costs for the performance option awards ratably over the implicit service period when it is deemed probable that the performance condition will be met. The options expire ten years from the date of grant.

The exercise price for stock options granted under the Plans must generally be equal to at least 100% of the Company’s estimated fair value of common stock at the date of grant, as determined by the Board of Directors. The exercise price of an incentive stock option granted under the Plans to a ten percent stockholder must be at least equal to 110% of the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant, as determined by the Board of Directors.

Prior to the Closing of the Merger, the Company granted RSUs, which were subject to vesting upon the satisfaction of both a service-based or performance milestone(s)-based condition and a liquidity event condition. The liquidity event condition for RSUs would generally be satisfied upon the earlier of an initial public offering or an acquisition, and was deemed satisfied upon Closing of the Merger. Such RSUs expire ten years from the date of grant. The fair value of RSUs is determined based on the Company’s estimated fair value of common stock at the date of grant, as determined by the Board of Directors.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were options outstanding to purchase a total of 309,351 and 26,899 shares of common stock under the Plans, respectively, and 44,520 and 55,891 unvested RSUs, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, 34,934 shares of common stock were available for issuance pursuant to awards under the 2024 Plan.

F-69

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

11. COMMON STOCK AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (cont.)

Service-based Stock Options

Option award activity for service-based stock options granted as of December 31, 2024, was as follows:

|  | Number of options outstanding |  |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousand) |
Balances as of January 1, 2023 |  |  | 48,506 |  |  | $ | 355.40 |  |  |  | 6.1 |  |  | $ | 2,561 |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Exercised |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Expired |  |  | (19,045 | ) |  |  | 319.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Forfeited |  |  | (7,668 | ) |  |  | 457.40 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Balances as of December 31, 2023 |  |  | 21,793 |  |  | $ | 352.00 |  |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | $ | 754 |
Granted |  |  | 282,528 |  |  |  | 6.80 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Exercised |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Expired |  |  | (76 | ) |  |  | 87.40 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Forfeited |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Balances as of December 31, 2024 |  |  | 304,245 |  |  | $ | 31.60 |  |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | $ | 802 |
Options vested and exercisable at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 155,366 |  |  | $ | 54.20 |  |  |  | 9.1 |  |  | $ | 380 |

The aggregate intrinsic value of service-based options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was zero.

As reflected in the table above, 282,528 service-based options were granted during the year ended December 31, 2024. No service-based options were granted during the year ended December 31, 2023. No service-based options were exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $6.80. The total grant date fair value of options that vested during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $1.7 million and $0.6 million.

There were 148,879 outstanding unvested service-based options as of December 31, 2024 and $1.3 million of remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average period of 2.9 years.

F-70

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

11. COMMON STOCK AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (cont.)

Performance Milestone-based Stock Options

A summary of the Company’s performance milestone-based stock options activity and related information is as follows:

|  | Number of options outstanding |  |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) |
Balances as of January 1, 2023 |  |  | 5,254 |  |  | $ | 417.00 |  |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | $ | 463 |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Exercised |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Expired |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Forfeited |  |  | (148 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Balances as of December 31, 2023 |  |  | 5,106 |  |  | $ | 417.00 |  |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | $ | — |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Exercised |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Expired |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Forfeited |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Balances as of December 31, 2024 |  |  | 5,106 |  |  | $ | 417.00 |  |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | $ | — |
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 1,702 |  |  | $ | 417.00 |  |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | $ | — |

As reflected in the table above, no performance milestone-based options were granted or exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The total grant date fair value of performance milestone-based options that vested during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was immaterial. There were 3,404 of performance milestone-based unvested options outstanding as of December 31, 2024. Total unrecognized compensation costs were $0.1 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the Company’s RSU activity and related information is as follows:

|  | Number of RSUs Outstanding |  |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share |
Balances as of January 1, 2023 |  |  | 31,037 |  |  | $ | 442.20 |
Granted |  |  | 50,584 |  |  |  | 199.00 |
Vested |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Forfeited |  |  | (25,730 | ) |  |  | 327.80 |
Balances as of December 31, 2023 |  |  | 55,891 |  |  | $ | 272.80 |
Granted |  |  | 49,548 |  |  |  | 190.80 |
Vested |  |  | (53,110 | ) |  |  | 272.80 |
Forfeited |  |  | (7,809 | ) |  |  | 182.60 |
Balances as of December 31, 2024 |  |  | 44,520 |  |  | $ | 193.80 |

F-71

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

11. COMMON STOCK AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (cont.)

The RSUs granted prior to the Closing of the Merger vested based on the satisfaction of both a service-based or a performance milestone(s)-based condition and a liquidity event condition, and the liquidity event condition was deemed satisfied upon the Closing of the Merger. The total RSU vesting expense was $17.0 million year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $6.3 million of future expense to be recognized relating to the RSU’s which still require satisfaction of the service condition, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average period of 1.1 years.

Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense recorded in each component of operating expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (in thousands):

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Research and development |  | $ | 3,000 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 1,446 |  |  |  | 1 |
General and administrative |  |  | 13,718 |  |  |  | 638 |
Total stock-based compensation expense |  | $ | 18,164 |  |  | $ | 643 |

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the grant-date fair value of stock options. The determination of the fair value of stock options on the grant date is affected by the estimated underlying common stock price, as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rates, and expected dividends.

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of employee service-based option grants made during the year ended December 31, 2024:

|  |  | 2024 |
Expected dividend yield(1) |  |  | — |
Risk-free interest rate(2) |  |  | 4.17% - 4.20 | %
Expected volatility(3) |  |  | 85.00%- 86.20 | %
Expected life (in years)(4) |  |  | 0.76 - 6.50 |
Fair value of common stock |  | $ | 6.80 – 180.00 |

(1) | The Company has no history or expectation of paying cash dividends on its common stock and, thus, has assumed a zero-dividend rate.

(2) | The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield for a term consistent with the expected life of the awards in effect at the time of grant.

(3) | To determine the expected volatility used above, the Company used the average volatility of a peer group of representative public companies.

(4) | The expected life or term of the options represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding and is determined using the simplified method (based on the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term).

F-72

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

11. COMMON STOCK AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (cont.)

Modification of Stock-Based Compensation Awards

In November 2024, 3,750 RSUs awarded to two individuals in August of 2024 were modified (the “Modification”), whereby the grants were modified and made as a grant of 3,750 stock options rather than RSUs. Because the original RSU awards were cancelled and replaced by stock options simultaneously, this is considered a modification of the original award. The modified stock options were granted for the same quantity of shares as the original RSU grant and will vest according to the original vesting schedules. There was no incremental fair value generated as a result of this modification as the fair value of the modified awards immediately after the modification was less than the fair value of the original awards immediately before the modification. There was no incremental fair value and as a result the Company recorded no additional stock-based compensation expense.

12. INCOME TAXES

The components of loss before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, are as follows (in thousands):

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Federal |  | $ | (66,330 | ) |  | $ | (56,745 | )
Foreign |  |  | 937 |  |  |  | (975 | )
Total loss before taxes |  | $ | (65,393 | ) |  | $ | (57,720 | )

The Company’s income tax provision was zero for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The differences between the Company’s statutory federal income tax rate and the effective tax rates are summarized as follows:

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Statutory federal tax rate |  |  | 21.00 | % |  |  | 21.00 | %
Increase (decrease) resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State taxes |  |  | (3.78 | )% |  |  | 6.79 | %
Loss on debt modification |  |  | (8.46 | )% |  |  | 0.00 | %
Stock-based compensation |  |  | (4.94 | )% |  |  | 0.00 | %
Debt issuance costs |  |  | (3.68 | )% |  |  | 0.00 | %
Other items |  |  | (0.58 | )% |  |  | 1.25 | %
Valuation allowance |  |  | 0.44 | % |  |  | (29.04 | )%
Effective tax rate |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.00 | %

F-73

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

12. INCOME TAXES (cont.)

The components of net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Deferred income tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforwards |  | $ | 91,305 |  |  | $ | 89,335 |
Accruals, deferrals, and reserves |  |  | 748 |  |  |  | 1,445 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 981 |  |  |  | 721 |
Fixed assets and intangibles |  |  | 4,421 |  |  |  | 3,833 |
Lease liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | 633 |
Credit and carry forwards |  |  | 4,707 |  |  |  | 4,707 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 861 |
Total deferred income tax assets |  |  | 102,162 |  |  |  | 101,535 |
Deferred income tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  |  | (343 | ) |  |  | — |
Total deferred income tax liabilities |  |  | (343 | ) |  |  | — |
Net deferred income assets before valuation allowance |  | $ | 101,819 |  |  | $ | 101,535 |
Less: valuation allowance |  |  | (101,819 | ) |  |  | (101,535 | )
Net deferred income tax assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has recognized a valuation allowance against its U.S. federal and state net deferred tax assets. The Company evaluated the realizability of its net deferred tax assets based on all available evidence, both positive and negative, which existed as of the end of calendar years 2024 and 2023. The Company’s conclusion to maintain a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets is based upon its ability to generate sufficient future taxable income. The Company considered the four possible sources of taxable income that are available under the tax law to realize a tax benefit for deductible temporary differences: Future reversals of deferred tax liabilities; Future forecasts of income; Taxable income in prior carryback year(s) if carryback is permitted under the tax law; and Tax planning strategies.

To the extent that the four sources of income are not sufficient to realize the deferred tax asset, the Company will recognize a valuation allowance to reduce such deferred tax asset to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized in the future. Based upon the positive and negative evidence that exists, as well as the sources of future taxable income, the Company believes it is appropriate to recognize a valuation allowance against the U.S. federal and state net deferred tax asset for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The increase of $ $0.3 million in the valuation allowance in the years ended December 31, 2024 relates primary to net operating loss and fixed assets.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had gross operating loss carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $359.5 million and $222.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had gross operating loss carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $341.0 million and $258.4 million, respectively. The federal net operating losses of $73.3 million generated prior to 2018 and state net operating losses will begin to expire December 31, 2030. The federal net operating losses generated in 2018 and future years will be carried forward indefinitely.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had federal research and development tax credit carryforwards of approximately $3.5 million and California research and development tax credit carryforwards of approximately $3.5 million. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had federal research and development tax credit carryforwards of approximately $3.5 million and California research and development tax credit carryforwards of approximately $3.5 million. The federal research and development tax credit carryforwards will begin to expire in 2032 while the California research and development tax credit carry forwards have an indefinite life.

F-74

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

12. INCOME TAXES (cont.)

Pursuant to Section 382 and Section 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the Company’s ability to use net operating loss and research and development tax credit carryforwards (“tax attribute carryforwards”) to offset future taxable income may be limited if the Company experienced a cumulative change in ownership by certain stockholders or groups of stockholders of more than 50 percentage points within a three-year testing period. The Company determined there may be an ownership change through December 31, 2024 but the resulting impact would not be material to the financial statements with respect to the Company’s ability to use tax attribute carryforwards. Due to the existence of a valuation allowance, impacts to the Company’s deferred tax assets would not impact the Company’s effective tax rate.

As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was $1.6 million in connection with its research and development tax credit carryforwards, including zero interest and penalties. As of December 31, 2024, none of the total unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would have an impact on the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company estimates that there will be no material changes in its uncertain tax positions in the next 12 months. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

The Company files income tax returns in the US federal, various state, and foreign jurisdictions with varying statutes of limitations. The Company is generally no longer subject to tax examinations for years prior to 2021 for federal purposes and 2020 for state purposes, except in certain limited circumstances.

13. LEASES

During September 2023, the Company negotiated a contingent lease termination agreement with its landlord for the Berkeley facility lease. If the Company issues 30,000 shares of the new public company to its landlord after the closing of the merger transaction with GAMC, the Berkeley lease facility will be considered terminated as of September 10, 2023 pursuant to the lease termination agreement. The Company recognized $4.8 million as a liability owed by the Company to its landlord in exchange for terminating its lease agreement early upon the execution of the agreement. As discussed in Note 7, the Company issued 30,000 shares to its landlord after the Closing Date to settle the share-based termination liability during 2024.

In August 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with its landlord in the Netherlands to terminate its remaining operating leases, by agreeing to pay $0.2 million to terminate the remaining term of its leases. Pursuant to the termination, the Company recognized a gain on lease termination of $2.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and derecognized all the remaining operating lease liabilities on the consolidated statements of balance sheets at December 31, 2024.

Finance leases were not material at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The components of the net lease costs reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Operating lease costs |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 2,670 |
Variable lease costs |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 1,249 |
Short-term lease costs |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 158 |
Total lease costs |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 4,077 |

F-75

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

13. LEASES (cont.)

The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate related to the Company’s ROU assets and lease liabilities for its operating leases as of December 31, 2023, were as follows:

|  | 2023 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) |  |  | 8.75 |
Weighted-average discount rate |  |  | 6.8 | %

Supplemental information concerning the cash flow impact arising from the Company’s leases recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows is detailed in the following table for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities |  | $ | 208 |  |  | $ | 2,479 |

14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various litigation and administrative proceedings relating to claims arising from its operations in the normal course of business. Management believes that the ultimate resolution of any such matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position or results of operations of the Company.

Commitments and Contingencies

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

Technical Development Agreement

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company entered into a 2021 TDA with Ginkgo. Under the 2021 TDA, the Company and Ginkgo will collaborate on certain projects that will use Ginkgo’s expertise in strain engineering and lab-scale fermentation processes, referred to as “technical services”. Ginkgo provided the Company with a credit of $5.0 million to apply against technical services under the 2021 TDA. In December 2023, the Company and Gingko entered into a termination agreement to terminate the 2021 TDA. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had no remaining credit to be applied against future technical services under the 2021 TDA.

As disclosed in Note 8 — Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements, in October 2022, the Company and Ginkgo executed several concurrent agreements including the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement, the amendment to the 2021 TDA, the 2022 TDA, a Pledge and Security Agreement, and Trademark and Patent Security Agreements.

Under the 2022 TDA and the amendment to the 2021 TDA, (collectively the “TDAs”), the Company and Ginkgo will continue to collaborate on certain projects using Ginkgo’s expertise in specialized engineering and lab-scale fermentation processes, for both b-silk and Mylo products. The TDAs include a royalty payment obligation based on future net sales if and when the first commercial sale of the products developed and improved under the TDAs occurs. Royalty payments, due in cash, are based on defined royalty rates for each country or jurisdiction in which the sale is made. In certain instances, a lump sum royalty payment may be due for a particular product, in which case no further royalty payments is required. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has not accrued a liability for royalty payment as no payment obligation or commercial sale of the products developed and improved under the TDAs has occurred.

Upon its execution, the Ginkgo Note Purchase Agreement required the Company to pay Ginkgo $10.0 million as an upfront payment for future technical services to be provided by Ginkgo under the 2022 TDA. As disclosed in Note 8 — Borrowings and Other Financing Arrangements, in December 2024, the Company and Ginkgo executed the Ginkgo NPA Amendment to reduce the prepaid balance relating to the 2022 TDA by $5.4 million. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $3.4 million and $4.1 million, respectively, in credit remaining to be applied against future technical services under the 2022 TDA, which is recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets within the consolidated balance sheets.

F-76

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)

Founder Shares – Related Party

The Sponsor has agreed, subject to limited exceptions, not to transfer, assign or sell any of its 352,375 shares of Common stock (the “Founder Shares”) of the Company until the earlier to occur of (A) one year after the completion of a Merger and (B) subsequent to a Merger, (x) if the last reported sale price of the Common Stock equals or exceeds $240.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock capitalization, reorganizations, recapitalization and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after a Merger, or (y) the date on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange or other similar transaction that results in all of the holders of shares of GAMC Class A common stock having the right to exchange their shares of Common stock for cash, securities or other property.

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IR Act”) was signed into federal law. The IR Act provides for, among other things, a new U.S. federal 1% excise tax on certain repurchases of stock by publicly traded U.S. domestic corporations and certain U.S. domestic subsidiaries of publicly traded foreign corporations occurring on or after January 1, 2023. The excise tax is imposed on the repurchasing corporation itself, not its shareholders from which shares are repurchased. The amount of the excise tax is generally 1% of the fair market value of the shares repurchased at the time of the repurchase. However, for purposes of calculating the excise tax, repurchasing corporations are permitted to net the fair market value of certain new stock issuances against the fair market value of stock repurchases during the same taxable year. In addition, certain exceptions apply to the excise tax. The U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “Treasury”) has been given authority to provide regulations and other guidance to carry out and prevent the abuse or avoidance of the excise tax.

Any redemption or other repurchase that occurs after December 31, 2022, in connection with a Merger, extension vote or otherwise, may be subject to the excise tax. Whether and to what extent the Company would be subject to the excise tax in connection with a Merger, extension vote or otherwise would depend on a number of factors, including (i) the fair market value of the redemptions and repurchases in connection with the Merger, extension or otherwise, (ii) the structure of a Merger, (iii) the nature and amount of any “PIPE” or other equity issuances in connection with a Merger (or otherwise issued not in connection with a Merger but issued within the same taxable year of a Merger) and (iv) the content of regulations and other guidance from the Treasury.

Excise Tax Obligation

During the second quarter, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) issued final regulations with respect to the timing and payment of the excise tax. Pursuant to those regulations, the Company was required to file a return and remit payment for any liability incurred during the period from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 on or before October 31, 2024.

The Company did not pay the excise tax payable of $2.9 million by October 31, 2024. The Company is currently making estimated monthly payments over 72 months of $0.04 million to the IRS towards the excise tax obligation. As the Company is unable to pay its obligation in full, it is subject to additional interest and penalties which are currently estimated at 9% interest per annum and a 0.5% underpayment penalty per month or portion of a month up to 25% of the total liability for any amount that is unpaid from November 1, 2024 until paid in full. The Company accrued $0.5 million in interest and penalties as of December 31, 2024, which has been recorded as part of the excess tax liability.

Cost Reduction Plan

On January 24, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a reduction in force of the Company’s workforce (“Cost Reduction Plan”), effective on February 3, 2023. Employees affected by the Cost Reduction Plan obtained involuntary termination benefits that are provided pursuant to a one-time benefit arrangement.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred restructuring costs of $4.0 million consisting of employee related costs, including severance, benefits, equity compensation, contract termination costs, and other costs. Of the total costs, $0.1 million are non-cash expenses related to the extension of post termination exercise periods of stock options.

F-77

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (cont.)

The following table summarizes the Company’s restructuring liability as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Restructuring liability |
Balance at January 1, 2024 |  | $ | 240 |
Amounts paid or otherwise settled during the period |  |  | (240 | )
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  | $ | — |

During the period ended December 31, 2024, the Company paid all the remaining restructuring liability.

Supply Agreement

In August 2022, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Manufacturing and Supply Agreement, referred to as the “Supply Agreement” with a supplier to procure appropriate raw materials, including pasteurized plant-based organic substrate. Under this Supply Agreement, the supplier rented an additional farm in the Netherlands beginning in 2023. During the test and commissioning phase of this farm, the Company has agreed to pay the supplier a fixed amount of $0.1 million per week for compensation of startup costs. These startup funding payments are capped at $1.1 million in the aggregate.

On October 19, 2023, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with its supplier. If the Company pays the supplier $1.0 million and issues 7,500 shares of the new public company to the supplier after the closing of the merger transaction with GAMC, the Supply Agreement will be considered terminated as of July 13, 2023 pursuant to the settlement agreement. The Company recognized $1.2 million as a share-based termination liability owed by the Company to its supplier in exchange for terminating its Supply Agreement early upon the execution of the agreement during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2023. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company paid $0.4 million and $0.6 million related to this agreement, respectively.

The Company also recognized a loss on supply agreement termination of $2.2 million, which is included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss when the termination occurred during the fourth quarter of 2023. As of December 31, 2023 the supply agreement termination liability is included in accounts payable and share-based termination liability on the consolidated balance sheets for $1.3 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 7,500 shares to the supplier. As of December 31, 2024, the related supply agreement termination liability is zero.

Nasdaq Notification

Nasdaq listing rules require listed securities to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share. On November 6, 2024, the Company received a written notice from Nasdaq (the “Bid Price Notice”) indicating that it was not in compliance with the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) for continued listing. The Bid Price Notice does not result in the immediate delisting of the Company’s Common stock from the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Bid Price Notice indicated that the Company has 180 calendar days (or until May 5, 2025) in which to regain compliance. In the event the Company does not regain compliance by May 5, 2025, the Company may be eligible for an additional 180-calendar-day compliance period. There can be no assurance that the Company would be granted additional time to regain compliance following the initial 180-day period, if needed, or that Nasdaq would grant a request by the Company for continued listing subsequent to any delisting notification. If our common stock is delisted, it may be difficult for our stockholders to sell their common stock without depressing the market price for our common stock, or at all.

F-78

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

15. BASIC AND DILUTED NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Loss |  | $ | (65,393 | ) |  | $ | (57,720 | )
Add: Gain on extinguishment of convertible preferred stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | 216,386 |
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, basic |  |  | (65,393 | ) |  |  | 158,666 |
Less: Warrants, series with dilutive impact only |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Less: Convertible preferred stock, series with dilutive impact only |  |  | — |  |  |  | (230,774 | )
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, dilutive |  | $ | (65,393 | ) |  | $ | (72,108 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic |  |  | 789,338 |  |  |  | 172,187 |
Add: Warrants, series with dilutive impact only |  |  | — |  |  |  | 291,519 |
Add: Options, with dilutive impact only |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,592 |
Add: Convertible preferred stock, series with dilutive impact only |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Weighted-average shares outstanding, dilutive |  |  | 789,338 |  |  |  | 465,298 |

The following securities were excluded due to their anti-dilutive effect on net loss per share attributable to common stockholders recorded in each of the periods:

|  | As of December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Warrants to purchase preferred stock on an as-converted basis |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,344 |
Convertible preferred stock on an as-converted basis |  |  | — |  |  |  | 204,253 |
Stock options outstanding |  |  | 309,369 |  |  |  | 25,308 |
Unvested RSU’s |  |  | 44,539 |  |  |  | — |
Warrants to purchase common stock |  |  | 731,010 |  |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | 1,084,918 |  |  |  | 233,905 |

As of December 31, 2023, no RSUs were vested as they did not meet the performance condition at the reporting period. In addition, outstanding stock options with performance conditions were not vested as the performance conditions were not met at December 31, 2024 and 2023. As the conditions were not satisfied at the end of each reporting period, the unvested shares were excluded when calculating diluted EPS.

16. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN

The Company sponsors a 401(k) savings plan (the “Savings Plan”). All employees are eligible to participate in the Savings Plan after meeting certain eligibility requirements. Participants may elect to have a portion of their salary deferred and contributed to the Savings Plan up to the limit allowed by the applicable income tax regulations. The Company’s current policy is to match employee contributions up to certain overall limits. The Company made matching contributions of $0.1 million and $0.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

F-79

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Nasdaq Notification

On February 10, 2025, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that it was not in compliance with the Minimum Value of Listed Securities requirement as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(b)(2)(A) as the Company has not met the minimum $50 million requirement for continued listing. On the same day, the Company also received a letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that it was not in compliance with the minimum Market Value of Publicly Held Shares requirement as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(b)(2)(C) as the Company has not met the minimum $15 million requirement for continued listing. These letters have no immediate effect on the listing of the common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Company has 180 calendar days from receipt of the letters, or until August 11, 2025, in which to regain compliance.

On August 12, 2025, the Company received a notice of a determination of delisting from Nasdaq. The Company’s hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”) to appeal the delisting determination was held on September 16, 2025, and a decision is forthcoming. As a result, the delisting action has been stayed, pending a final written decision by the Panel. The Company's common stock will remain listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market during the pendency of the hearing process and during any extension period granted by the Panel. At the hearing, the Company presented a compliance plan. There can be no assurance that the Panel will grant the Company's request for continued listing or that the Company will ultimately regain compliance with the applicable Nasdaq listing requirements.

Triton Financing

On February 13, 2025, the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement with Triton related to the purchase of up to $1.5 million shares of the Company’s Common stock between the date a form S-1 registration statement became effective and June 30, 2025. Triton is a San Diego based entity that makes direct investments in publicly-traded companies. Under the form S-1 registration statement, the Company registered 492,842 shares of Common stock consisting of (A) up to 342,842 shares of Common stock and (b) up to 150,000 shares of Common stock underlying a warrant to purchase the Company’s Common stock.

The S-1 registration statement became effective on March 27, 2025. On March 31, 2025, the Company issued 342,842 shares of Common stock to Triton, subject to payment by Triton for the shares. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company received $0.5 million of gross proceeds for the sale of Common stock. The Company recorded the proceeds to Common stock and additional paid-in capital, and recorded $0.2 million of deferred transaction costs to additional paid-in capital for the three months ended June 30, 2025.

Settlement Agreement and Exchange Agreement

On February 14, 2025, the Company entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with its SPAC-Sponsor, Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC. The company currently owes approximately $2.9 million in excise tax liability (the “Excise Tax Liability”) pursuant to Section 4501 of the Internal Revenue Code for redemptions of shares of GAMC Class A common stock in 2023 by the stockholders of GAMC prior to the consummations of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination. The Company has proposed a payment plan to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) whereby the Company would be permitted to pay the Excise Tax Liability over a series of payments over time (the “Payment Plan”).

Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the Sponsor shall (i) use its commercially reasonable efforts to provide or organize financing for us in an amount of $10 million to close by August 13, 2025 (the “Financing”) and (ii) (a) in the event that the IRS grants the Payment Plan, the Sponsor shall pay to us 75% of the total amount of each payment due to the IRS thereunder no less than 7 calendar days prior to the due date for each payment (the “Golden Arrow Payment Contribution”) or (b) in the event the IRS denies our request for a Payment Plan, the Sponsor shall either (A) close the Financing by August 13, 2025 or (B) pay to us 75% of the total amount of the then-outstanding Excise Tax Liability as well as all accrued interest on the entire Excise Tax Liability on August 13, 2025. The Golden Arrow Payment Contribution will continue until the earlier of (i) an aggregate amount of at least $6 million of Financing is successfully closed or (ii) the Excise Tax Liability is fully paid. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Sponsor’s payments shall be capped at, and shall not exceed, the total amount the Sponsor received from selling 50% of the shares of our common stock held by the Sponsor on February 14, 2025. In August 2025, the Company received $0.4 million from the Sponsor.

As partial consideration for entering into the Settlement Agreement, on March 5, 2025, the Company exchanged warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of Common stock (the “Old Warrants”) that are governed by the terms of our Warrant Agreement, dated March 16, 2021 for a warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of common stock (the “Sponsor Warrant”) at an exercise price of $10.00 per share, the average closing price of its common stock on the five trading days immediately preceding our entry into the Purchase Agreement. The Sponsor Warrant is exercisable immediately upon issuance and will terminate on the fifth anniversary of the issuance date.

If, for any consecutive ten trading day period while the Sponsor Warrants is outstanding, the closing price of the Company’s common stock is equal to or greater than $17.00 (the “Forced Exercise Triggering Event”), then the Company shall have the right, in its sole discretion and upon written notice given at any time within 20 days of the initial occurrence of the Forced Exercise Triggering Event delivered to the holder of the Sponsor Warrant, to force the holder to cash exercise the Sponsor Warrants with respect to the number of shares of common stock that represents up to the lesser of (i) 125,000 shares of common stock or (ii) the unexercised portion of the Sponsor Warrants. The Company will issue the foregoing securities under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, as a transaction not requiring registration under Section 5 of the Securities Act. The parties receiving the securities represented their intentions to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution, and appropriate restrictive legends will be affixed to the certificates representing the securities (or reflected in restricted book entry with the Company’s transfer agent).

F-80

BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (cont.)

Seneca Transaction

On August 1, 2025, the Company signed an agreement with Southern Point Capital (“Seneca”) pursuant to which Seneca entered into claim purchase agreements to purchase up to an aggregate of $1.7 million of our outstanding payables with certain of our vendors (the “Vendor Payables”) and, subject to a court order, exchange such Vendor Payables for a settlement pursuant to Section (3)(a)(10) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Seneca Transaction”). The amount of Vendor Payables were initially convertible at the option of Seneca by the lower of (i) $2.42 per share, the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the agreement with Seneca and (ii) 77% of the average of the three (3) lowest traded prices on which at least 100 shares of common stock were traded during the five-trading day period preceding a conversion notice delivered pursuant to such agreement, subject to a minimum price floor of $0.25 per share. Seneca was not permitted to acquire shares of common stock under the Seneca Transaction if, as a result thereof, Seneca would beneficially own (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 13d-3 thereunder) more than 4.99% of the number of shares of our common stock then outstanding. The agreement also provides that we may not issue, and shall not be obligated to issue, any shares to the extent such issuance would violate our obligations under the Nasdaq Global Select Market, including any requirement that the issuance of such shares would require approval of our stockholders, until such approval has been obtained, which occurred on August 29, 2025. We issued an aggregate of 730,439 shares of common stock pursuant to the Settlement Agreement for the $1.7 million of outstanding payables that were purchased.

August 2025 PIPE Transaction

On August 14, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “PIPE Purchase Agreement”) with the selling stockholders named therein (the “PIPE Selling Stockholders), pursuant to which it agreed to sell and issue to the PIPE Selling Stockholders an aggregate of 913,979 shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“common stock”) for $4.65 per share, consisting of (a) 518,817 shares of common stock (the “Initial August 2025 PIPE Shares”) and (b) up to 395,162 shares of common stock (the “August 2025 Warrant Shares,” and together with the Initial August 2025 PIPE Shares, the “August 2025 PIPE Shares”) issuable upon the exercise of pre-funded warrants held by the PIPE Selling Stockholders (the “August 2025 Warrants”) (the “August 2025 PIPE Transaction”). In September 2025, the August 2025 Warrants were fully exercised for $395.07 cash, and the August 2025 Warrant Shares were issued.

September 2025 Equity Purchase Agreement

On September 12, 2025, the Company entered into an equity purchase agreement (the “September 2025 Purchase Agreement”) with Ascent Partners Fund LLC (“Ascent”), relating to an equity line of credit facility (the “ELOC”). Pursuant to the September 2025 Purchase Agreement, the Company will have the right at its option to sell up to $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“common stock”). Under the September 2025 Purchase Agreement, Ascent shall not be obligated to purchase or acquire any shares of common stock that would result in its beneficial ownership exceeding 9.99% of the Company’s then-outstanding voting power and Ascent shall not be obligated to purchase shares of common stock if the volume weighted average price for the common stock is less than $1.00 (the “Floor Price”). As consideration for Ascent’s irrevocable commitment to purchase the shares of common stock under the September 2025 Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to issue 85,588 shares of common stock to Ascent.

To initiate a purchase, the Company must deliver written notice to Ascent before trading begins on any trading day. The purchase price of the shares of common stock will be determined based on the timing and conditions of an advance notice (each, an “Advance Notice”). If an Advance Notice is received before 8:01 a.m. Eastern Time on a trading day and the amount is between $25,000 and $500,000, the price will be 96% of the lowest volume-weighted average price in the ten trading days immediately preceding the delivery of the notice, provided, that if such closing of the Advance Notice happens and 96% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price in the ten trading days following such closing is lower than such Share Price, then the Company shall issue additional shares of common stock to Ascent so that the total number of shares of common stock received by Ascent is equal to the number of shares of common stock it would have received for the aggregate purchase price paid at such closing for such shares if the shares of common stock had been valued at such lower price. Alternatively, if the notice is received between 8:01 a.m. and 9:15 a.m. Eastern Time on a trading day, and the pre-market stock price is at least 150% of the prior day’s closing price, the notice amount must not exceed $5.0 million. In this case, the price will be the lesser of: (i) the average of the daily volume-weighted average price of the common stock on the trading day before the notice is delivered and the volume-weighted average price on the day of the notice, or (ii) 96% of the lowest daily volume-weighted average price over the trading days required for Ascent to fully sell the shares underlying the notice.

Sales of common stock to Ascent under the September 2025 Purchase Agreement, and the timing of any sales, will be determined by the Company in its sole discretion and will depend on a variety of factors, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of shares of common stock and determinations by the Company regarding the use of proceeds of such sales. The net proceeds from any sales under the September 2025 Purchase Agreement will depend on the frequency with, and prices at, which the shares of common stock are sold to Ascent. Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed not to engage in any other “at the market offering” or “equity line of credit” transaction during the term of the September 2025 Purchase Agreement.

The Company has the right to terminate the September 2025 Purchase Agreement at any time after commencement, at no cost or penalty, upon five trading days’ prior written notice. Ascent has the right to terminate the September 2025 Purchase Agreement upon ten trading days’ prior written notice to the Company of an occurrence of a material and uncured breach or default by the Company, and, if such breach or default is capable of being cured, such breach or default is not cured within fifteen trading days after notice of such breach or default is delivered to the Company.

Stock Options Repricing

On August 3, 2025 (the “Repricing Date”), in accordance with the terms of the 2024 Plan, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a stock option repricing (the “Option Repricing”), effective as of the Repricing Date, of all outstanding stock options granted under the 2024 Plan prior to the Repricing Date, including stock options held by the Company’s named executive officers and certain non-employee members of the Board. Pursuant to the Option Repricing, the exercise prices of stock options covering 282,527 shares with an original exercise price of $6.80 per share, and of stock options covering 70,859 shares with an original exercise price of $5.90 per share, were each reduced to an exercise price of $2.42 per share, the closing price of the Common Stock on last business day prior to the Repricing Date.

The Option Repricing will be accounted for as a modification of equity awards. There was no incremental fair value generated as a result of this modification as the fair value of the modified awards immediately after the modification was less than the fair value of the original awards immediately before the modification. As a result, the Company will not record additional stock-based compensation expense related to the modification.

F-81

Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc.

Up to 20,085,588 shares of common stock

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

The following table sets forth the estimated expenses to be borne by the registrant in connection with the issuance and distribution of the shares of common stock being registered hereby.

Expense |  | Estimated Amount |
Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee |  | $ | 11,316 |
Accounting fees and expenses |  |  | 50,000 |
Legal fees and expenses |  |  | 50,000 |
Financial printing and miscellaneous expenses |  |  | 5,000 |
Total |  | $ | 116,316 |

Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

Section 102 of the DGCL permits a corporation to eliminate the personal liability of directors or officers of a corporation to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for a breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer, except where the director or officer breached his or her duty of loyalty, failed to act in good faith, engaged in intentional misconduct or knowingly violated a law, obtained an improper personal benefit, and in the case of a director, authorized the payment of a dividend or approved a stock repurchase in violation of Delaware corporate law, and in the case of an officer, a breach of fiduciary duty in any action by or in the right of the corporation. Our certificate of incorporation provides that no director or officer of Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. shall be personally liable to it or its stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer, notwithstanding any provision of law imposing such liability, except to the extent that the DGCL prohibits the elimination or limitation of liability of directors or officers for breaches of fiduciary duty.

Section 145 of the DGCL provides that a corporation has the power to indemnify a director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation, or a person serving at the request of the corporation for another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise in related capacities against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with an action, suit, or proceeding to which he or she was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative, by reason of such position, if such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, in any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful, except that, in the case of actions brought by or in the right of the corporation, no indemnification shall be made with respect to any claim, issue, or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or other adjudicating court determines that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all of the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide indemnification for our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as it now exists or may in the future be amended. We will indemnify each person who was or is a party or threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit or proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of us) by reason of the fact that he or she is or was, or has agreed to become, a director, or officer, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve, at our request as a director, officer, partner, employee, or trustee of, or in a similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise (all such persons being referred to as an “Indemnitee”), or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against all expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such action, suit, or proceeding and any appeal therefrom, if such Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, our best interests, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, he or she had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that we will indemnify any Indemnitee who was or is a party to an action or suit by or in the right of us to procure a judgment in our favor by reason of the fact that the Indemnitee is or was, or has agreed to become, a director or officer, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve, at our request as a director, officer, partner, employee, or trustee of, or in a similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against all expenses (including attorneys’ fees) and, to the extent permitted by law, amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such action, suit, or proceeding, and any appeal therefrom, if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, our best interests, except that no indemnification shall be made with respect to any claim, issue, or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to us, unless a court determines that, despite such adjudication but in view of all of the circumstances, he or she is entitled to indemnification of such expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that any Indemnitee has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, he or she will be indemnified by us against all expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred in connection therewith. Expenses must be advanced to an Indemnitee under certain circumstances.

II-1

We entered into separate indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. Each indemnification agreement provides, among other things, for indemnification to the fullest extent permitted by law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws against any and all expenses, judgments, fines, penalties, and amounts paid in settlement of any claim. The indemnification agreements provide for the advancement or payment of all expenses to the indemnitee and for the reimbursement to us if it is found that such indemnitee is not entitled to such indemnification under applicable law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws.

We maintain a general liability insurance policy that covers certain liabilities of directors and officers of our corporation arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or officers.

Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

Set forth below is information regarding shares of capital stock issued by us within the past three years. Also included is the consideration received by us for such shares and information relating to the section of the Securities Act, or rule of the Securities and Exchange Commission, under which exemption from registration was claimed.

| ● | On August 13, 2024, we issued 23,506 shares of Common Stock in a private placement pursuant to subscription agreements with certain former securityholders of Bolt Threads, Inc. for $200.00 per share of common stock, generating total gross proceeds of $4,701,200.

| ● | On August 13, 2024, in connection with settlements we issued 30,000 shares of common stock to a former landlord and 7,500 shares of common stock to a former supplier.

| ● | On September 6, 2024, we issued an aggregate of 32,500 shares of our common stock to certain of our advisors from our IPO and Business Combination as partial compensation for services rendered.

| ● | On September 18, 2024, we issued an aggregate of 1,100 shares of our common stock to an advisor from our Business Combination as partial compensation for services rendered.
| ● | On November 25, 2024, we issued 52,941 shares of common stock in a private placement pursuant to a securities purchase agreement with certain of our directors and officers for $6.80 per share of common stock, generating total gross proceeds of $360,000.

| ● | On February 13, 2025, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement with Triton, pursuant to which we issued and sold 342,842 shares of our common stock and warrants for up to 150,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share. On March 31, 2025, we sold the 342,842 shares of our common stock pursuant to this agreement in exchange for $515,137.24 in gross proceeds.

| ● | On February 14, 2025, we entered into an exchange agreement with Golden Arrow Sponsor LLC pursuant to which we exchanged private placement warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of our common stock and that were governed by the terms of our warrant agreement, dated March 16, 2021, for a warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share.

| ● | On August 1, 2025, we entered into a settlement agreement with Southern Point Capital Corporation (“Seneca”), pursuant to which we agreed to issue shares of our common stock in exchange for their acquisition of our outstanding liabilities in a principal amount of $1,746,358.41. An aggregate of 730,439 shares were issued pursuant to such settlement agreement. Such shares were issued pursuant to Section 3(a)(10) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

| ● | On August 14, 2025, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with the investors named therein, pursuant to which we agreed to sell and issue an aggregate of 913,979 shares of common stock for $4.65 per share, consisting of (i) 518,817 shares of common stock and (b) up to 395,162 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of pre-funded warrants held by such investors. Gross proceeds to the registrant were approximately $4.25 million. Rodman & Renshaw LLC acted as placement agent in connection with the transaction, for which it received a total cash fee equal to 7.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds of the transaction and $65,000 for non-accountable expenses and for fees and expenses of its legal counsel. In September 2025, the pre-funded warrants were fully exercised for $395.07 cash, and the warrant shares were issued.

| ● | On September 12, 2025, we issued 85,588 Commitment Shares to the Selling Stockholder as consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of our common stock from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement establishing the ELOC.

No underwriting discounts or commissions were paid with respect to any of the foregoing sales.

Except as provided for above, each of the foregoing securities were issued or will be issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided for by Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder; provided, however, that any securities to be issued upon cashless exercise of any warrants above will be issued in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

II-2

Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

The following exhibits are filed as part of this registration statement:

|  |  |  | Incorporated by Reference |  | Filed/ |
Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit Description |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date |  | Furnished Herewith |
2.1+ |  | Business Combination Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2023, by and among the Company, Beam Merger Sub, Inc. and Bolt Threads, Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 333-276849 |  | 2.1 |  | 7/10/2024 |  |  |
2.2+ |  | Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of June 10, 2024, by and among the Company, Beam Merger Sub, Inc. and Bolt Threads, Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 2.1 |  | 6/13/2024 |  |  |
3.1 |  | Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated as of August 13, 2024. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 3.1 |  | 8/19/2024 |  |  |
3.2 |  | Certificate of Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc., dated April 21, 2025. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 3.1 |  | 4/22/2025 |  |  |
3.3 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws, dated as of August 13, 2024. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 3.2 |  | 8/19/2024 |  |  |
4.1 |  | Specimen Common Stock Certificate. |  | S-1 |  | 333-282014 |  | 4.1 |  | 9/9/2024 |  |  |
4.2 |  | Specimen Warrant Certificate. |  | S-1/A |  | 333-253465 |  | 4.3 |  | 3/5/2021 |  |  |
4.3 |  | Warrant Agreement between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, dated as of March 16, 2021. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 4.1 |  | 3/22/2021 |  |  |
4.4 |  | Common Stock Purchase Warrant, between the Company and Triton Funds LP, dated as of February 13, 2025. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 4.1 |  | 2/14/2025 |  |  |
4.5 |  | Warrant Agreement between the Company and Golden Arrow Sponsor LLC, dated as of March 5, 2025. |  | 10-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 4.5 |  | 3/18/2025 |  |  |
5.1 |  | Opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | * |
10.1 |  | Amended and Restated Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement, dated as of August 13, 2024, by and between the Company and each of the executive officers and directors of the Registrant. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.7 |  | 8/19/2024 |  |  |
10.2 |  | Investment Management Trust Agreement between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, dated as of March 16, 2021. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.2 |  | 3/22/2021 |  |  |
10.3 |  | Amendment to Investment Management Trust Agreement between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, dated as of March 15, 2023. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.1 |  | 3/22/2023 |  |  |
10.4 |  | Amended and Restated Promissory Note, dated as of March 18, 2022, issued to Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC. |  | 10-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.8 |  | 3/31/2022 |  |  |
10.5 |  | Promissory Note, dated as of February 25, 2022, issued to Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC. |  | 10-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.9 |  | 3/31/2022 |  |  |
10.6 |  | Promissory Note, dated as of August 26, 2022, issued to Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.1 |  | 9/1/2022 |  |  |
10.7 |  | Promissory Note, dated as of March 8, 2023, issued to Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.1 |  | 3/10/2023 |  |  |
10.8 |  | Promissory Note, dated as of March 17, 2023, issued to Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.2 |  | 3/22/2023 |  |  |
10.9 |  | Promissory Note, dated as of December 18, 2023, issued to Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.1 |  | 12/18/2023 |  |  |
10.10 |  | Promissory Note, dated as of April 3, 2024, issued to Golden Arrow Sponsor, LLC. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.1 |  | 4/5/2024 |  |  |

II-3

10.11# |  | Bolt Threads, Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended. |  | S-8 |  | 333-283288 |  | 99.3 |  | 11/18/2024 |  |  |
10.12# |  | Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. |  | S-8 |  | 333-283288 |  | 99.4 |  | 11/18/2024 |  |  |
10.13# |  | Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. 2024 Incentive Award Plan. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.18 |  | 8/19/2024 |  |  |
10.14# |  | Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. 2024 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.19 |  | 8/19/2024 |  |  |
10.15# |  | Bolt Project Holdings, Inc. Non-Employee Director Compensation Program. |  | 10-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.15 |  | 3/18/2025 |  |  |
10.16# |  | Consulting Agreement, dated as of April 23, 2023, by and between Bolt Threads, Inc. and Randy Befumo. |  | S-4 |  | 333-276849 |  | 10.18 |  | 02/02/2024 |  |  |
10.17# |  | Amendment to Consulting Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2024, by and between Bolt Threads, Inc. and Randy Befumo. |  | S-4/A |  | 333-276849 |  | 10.25 |  | 7/10/2024 |  |  |
10.18 |  | Offer Letter, dated as of December 16, 2021 by and between Bolt Threads, Inc. and Cintia Nardi. |  | 10-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.18 |  | 3/18/2025 |  |  |
10.19 |  | Form of Stock Option Agreement (Bolt Threads, Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended). |  | S-8 |  | 333-283288 |  | 99.3(a) |  | 11/18/2024 |  |  |
10.20 |  | Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Stock Option Agreement (Bolt Threads, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan). |  | S-8 |  | 333-283288 |  | 99.4(a) |  | 11/18/2024 |  |  |
10.21 |  | Form of Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement (Bolt Threads, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan). |  | S-8 |  | 333-283288 |  | 99.4(b) |  | 11/18/2024 |  |  |
10.22 |  | Form of Restricted Stock Units Global Grant Notice and Global Restricted Stock Units Agreement (Bolt Threads, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan). |  | S-8 |  | 333-283288 |  | 99.4(c) |  | 11/18/2024 |  |  |
10.23 |  | Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Stock Option Agreement (Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. 2024 Incentive Award Plan). |  | S-8 |  | 333-283288 |  | 99.1(a) |  | 11/18/2024 |  |  |
10.24 |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Grant Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. 2024 Incentive Award Plan). |  | S-8 |  | 333-283288 |  | 99.1(b) |  | 11/18/2024 |  |  |
10.25 |  | Amendment No. 1 to Senior Secured Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 29, 2023, by and between Bolt Threads, Inc. and Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 333-276849 |  | 10.19 |  | 02/02/2024 |  |  |
10.26 |  | Amendment No. 2 to Senior Secured Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 3, 2024, by and between Bolt Threads, Inc. and Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 333-276849 |  | 10.21 |  | 7/10/2024 |  |  |
10.27 |  | Amendment No. 3 to Senior Secured Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 31, 2024, by and between Bolt Threads, Inc. and Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 333-276849 |  | 10.27 |  | 7/10/2024 |  |  |
10.28 |  | Amended and Restated Note, dated as of December 29, 2023, by and between Bolt Threads, Inc. and Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 333-276849 |  | 10.20 |  | 02/02/2024 |  |  |
10.29 |  | Convertible Note, dated as of December 29, 2023, by and between Bolt Threads, Inc. and Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 333-276849 |  | 10.21 |  | 02/02/2024 |  |  |
10.30 |  | Service Agreement, dated as of August 12, 2021, by and between Bolt Threads, Inc. and Laurus Bio Private Limited. |  | S-4 |  | 333-276849 |  | 10.22 |  | 02/02/2024 |  |  |

II-4

10.31 |  | Service Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2024, by and between Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc. and Laurus Bio Private Limited. |  | 10-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.31 |  | 3/18/2025 |  |  |
10.32 |  | Supply and License Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2021, by and between Bolt Threads, Inc. and Vegamour, Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.27 |  | 8/19/2024 |  |  |
10.33 |  | Amendment No. 1 to Supply and License Agreement, dated as of August 19, 2022, by and between Bolt Threads, Inc. and Vegamour, Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 333-276849 |  | 10.26(a) |  | 7/10/2024 |  |  |
10.34 |  | Amendment No. 2 to Supply and License Agreement, dated as of April 18, 2023, by and between Bolt Threads, Inc. and Vegamour, Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 333-276849 |  | 10.26(b) |  | 7/10/2024 |  |  |
10.35 |  | Form of Director and Officer Indemnification Agreement. |  | S-4/A |  | 333-276849 |  | 10.28 |  | 7/10/2024 |  |  |
10.36 |  | Common Stock Purchase Agreement, dated February 13, 2025, between the Company and Triton Funds LP. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.1 |  | 2/14/2025 |  |  |
10.37 |  | Settlement Agreement, dated February 14, 2025, between the Company and Golden Arrow Sponsor LLC. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.1 |  | 2/14/2025 |  |  |
10.38 |  | Exchange Agreement, dated February 14, 2025, by and between the Company and Golden Arrow Sponsor LLC. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.2 |  | 2/14/2025 |  |  |
10.39 |  | Settlement Agreement and Stipulation, dated as of August 1, 2025, by and between the Company and Southern Point Capital Corporation. |  | S-1 |  | 333-288742 |  | 10.39 |  | 8/22/2025 |  |  |
10.40 |  | Form of Purchase Agreement (August 2025 PIPE Transaction) |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.1 |  | 8/19/2025 |  |  |
10.41 |  | Form of Registration Rights Agreement (August 2025 PIPE Transaction) |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.2 |  | 8/19/2025 |  |  |
10.42 |  | Equity Purchase Agreement, dated September 12, 2025, by and between the Company and Ascent Partners Fund LLC |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.1 |  | 9/15/2025 |  |  |
10.43 |  | Registration Rights Agreement, dated September 12, 2025, by and between the Company and Ascent Partners Fund LLC |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 10.2 |  | 9/15/2025 |  |  |
21.1 |  | List of Subsidiaries. |  | 8-K |  | 001-40223 |  | 21.1 |  | 8/19/2024 |  |  |
23.1 |  | Consent from Elliott Davis, PLLC, independent registered public accounting firm. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | * |
23.2 |  | Consent of Latham & Watkins LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | * |
24.1 |  | Power of Attorney |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | * |
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | * |
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | * |
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | * |
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | * |
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | * |
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | * |
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | * |
107 |  | Filing Fee Table |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | * |

+ | Schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Registrant agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request.

# | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

II-5

Item 17. Undertakings.

The undersigned registrant, hereby undertakes:

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(a) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;

(b) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

(c) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.

Provided, however, that paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-1 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(a) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(b) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(c) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(d) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

II-6

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Francisco, State of California, on the 26th day of September, 2025.

| BOLT PROJECTS HOLDINGS, INC.
| By: | /s/ Daniel Widmaier
| Name: | Daniel Widmaier
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer

SIGNATURES AND POWER OF ATTORNEY

We, the undersigned officers and directors of Bolt Projects Holdings, Inc., hereby severally constitute and appoint Daniel Widmaier and Randy Befumo, and each of them singly (with full power to each of them to act alone), our true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and re-substitution in each of them for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, and in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement (or any other registration statement for the same offering that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in and about the premises, as full to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or their or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement on Form S-1 has been signed by the following persons in the capacities held on the dates indicated.

Name |  | Title |  | Date
/s/ Daniel Widmaier |  | Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) |  | September 26, 2025
Daniel Widmaier |  |  |
/s/ Randy Befumo |  | Interim Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |  | September 26, 2025
Randy Befumo |  |  |
/s/ David Breslauer |  | Chief Technology Officer & Chief Product Officer and Director |  | September 26, 2025
David Breslauer |  |  |
/s/ Ransley Carpio |  | Director |  | September 26, 2025
Ransley Carpio |  |  |
/s/ Jeri Finard |  | Director |  | September 26, 2025
Jeri Finard |  |  |
/s/ Sami Naffakh |  | Director |  | September 26, 2025
Sami Naffakh |  |  |
/s/ Jerry Fiddler |  | Director |  | September 26, 2025
Jerry Fiddler |  |  |
/s/ Christine Battist |  | Director |  | September 26, 2025
/Christine Battist |  |  |  |
/s/ Lorne Lucree |  | Director |  | September 26, 2025
Lorne Lucree |  |  |  |
/s/ Gail Zauder |  | Director |  | September 26, 2025
Gail Zauder |  |  |  |

II-7

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