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Commitments and contingencies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Commitments and contingencies | 22 Commitments and contingencies (i) Banking facilities As at December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Group had various banking facilities available for overdraft and import and export credits from which the Group can draw up to approximately US$897,000 and US$897,000 respectively, of which approximately US$605,000 and US$596,000 were utilised for issuance of bank guarantees as security for the performance of various contracts with customers and import loans. The various banking facilities are secured by a bank deposit of approximately US$897,000 and various blanket counter indemnities and counter indemnities. The Group undertakes to maintain its tangible net worth not at any time less than approximately US$3,846,000 and was in compliance with the covenant. The weighted average interest rate for import loans as at December 31, 2021 was 5% per annum (December 31, 2020: 4.9% per annum). For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the average dollar amount of the bank borrowings was approximately US$219,000 and US$457,000 respectively and average interest rates were approximately 5% and 4.9% per annum respectively for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. (ii) Non-controlling interest put option The Group granted the non-controlling interest of Yixing Pact Environmental Technology Co., Ltd. and Pact Asia Pacific Limited a put option, which is effective from 2009, requiring the Group to acquire part or all remaining shares of these two companies at a purchase price per share calculated by 5.2 times of their average net income for the three prior fiscal years divided by total number of shares outstanding at the time of exercise of such option. Such put option did not have an expiry date. (iii) Insurance The Group carries insurance policies to cover various risks, primarily general liability, automobile liability, workers’ compensation and employee medical expenses under which we are liable to reimburse the insurance company for a portion of each claim paid. (iv) Purchase commitments To manage the risk of changes in material prices and subcontracting costs used in tendering bids for engineering contracts, most of the time, the Group obtains firm quotations from suppliers and subcontractors before submitting a bid. These quotations do not include any quantity guarantees. As soon as the Group is advised that its bid is successful, the Group enters into firm contracts with most of its materials suppliers and sub-contractors, thereby mitigating the risk of future price variations affecting the contract costs. (v) Litigations The Group is now and may in the future be involved as a party to various legal proceedings that are incidental to the ordinary course of business. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not believe that the outcome of these actions will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Group. There are no significant unresolved legal issues as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. (vi) Contingencies The Group accounts for loss contingencies in accordance with ASC Topic 450 and other related guidelines. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Group’s management is of the opinion that there are no commitments and contingencies to account for.
ZHEJIANG TIANLAN |
Commitments and contingencies | 21 Commitments and contingencies (i) Insurance The Group carries insurance policies to cover various risks, primarily general liability, automobile liability, workers’ compensation and employee medical expenses under which we are liable to reimburse the insurance company for a portion of each claim paid. (ii) Purchase commitments To manage the risk of changes in material prices and subcontracting costs used in tendering bids for contracts, most of the time, the Group obtains firm quotations from suppliers and subcontractors before submitting a bid. These quotations do not include any quantity guarantees. As soon as the Group is advised that its bid is successful, the Group enters into firm contracts with most of its materials suppliers and sub-contractors, thereby mitigating the risk of future price variations affecting the contract costs. (iii) Litigation The Group is now and may in the future be involved as a party to various legal proceedings that are incidental to the ordinary course of business. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not believe that the outcome of these actions will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Group. There are no significant unresolved legal issues as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. (v) Contingencies The Group accounts for loss contingencies in accordance with ASC Topic 450 and other related guidelines. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Group’s management is of the opinion that there are no commitments and contingencies to account for. (vi) Operating leases The Group has no operating leases expense during the year ended December 31, 2021 (2020 and 2019: RMB Nil). At December 31, 2021, the Group has no future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for commitments and contingencies. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 440 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144648 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 954 -SubTopic 440 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6491277&loc=d3e6429-115629 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 450 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2127136 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 440 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -Subparagraph (c) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123406679&loc=d3e25336-109308 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 440 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -Subparagraph (a) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123406679&loc=d3e25336-109308 + Details
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