<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001493152-23-029235.txt : 20230817
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20230817070010
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001493152-23-029235
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20230814
ITEM INFORMATION:		Results of Operations and Financial Condition
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20230817
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20230817

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			SONIM TECHNOLOGIES INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001178697
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH APPARATUS [3661]
		IRS NUMBER:				943336783
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-38907
		FILM NUMBER:		231179777

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		4445 EASTGATE MALL
		STREET 2:		SUITE 200
		CITY:			SAN DIEGO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92121
		BUSINESS PHONE:		650-378-8100

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		4445 EASTGATE MALL
		STREET 2:		SUITE 200
		CITY:			SAN DIEGO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92121
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="text-align: center; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 4pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>UNITED
STATES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><b>Washington,
D.C. 20549</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="text-align: center; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>FORM
<span id="xdx_90A_edei--DocumentType_c20230814__20230814_zwUCYrGb4W83"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2023-08-14" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="text-align: center; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CURRENT
REPORT</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Pursuant
to Section 13 OR 15(d)</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>of
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="text-align: center; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b><span id="xdx_904_edei--EntityRegistrantName_c20230814__20230814_z1yA42JouI4"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2023-08-14" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName">Sonim
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="text-align: center; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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                                            or other jurisdiction</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">of
    incorporation)</span></p></td>
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    Number)</span></p></td>
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                                            Employer</span></p>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_904_edei--EntityAddressAddressLine1_c20230814__20230814_zkr4CuBslxn2"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2023-08-14" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1">4445
Eastgate Mall</ix:nonNumeric></span>, <span id="xdx_90D_edei--EntityAddressAddressLine2_c20230814__20230814_zo97LUNEFHPd"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2023-08-14" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine2">Suite 200</ix:nonNumeric></span>,</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_904_edei--EntityAddressCityOrTown_c20230814__20230814_zJNMhQlNuTB"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2023-08-14" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown">San
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Address
of principal executive offices, including Zip Code)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_908_edei--CityAreaCode_c20230814__20230814_zCCoPSwTeOk6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2023-08-14" name="dei:CityAreaCode">(650)</ix:nonNumeric></span>
<span id="xdx_90D_edei--LocalPhoneNumber_c20230814__20230814_zfiXQ4gckrs"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2023-08-14" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber">378-8100</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Registrant&#8217;s
telephone number, including area code)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span>Not
applicable.</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Former
name or former address, if changed since last report.)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="text-align: center; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Check
the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under
any of the following provisions:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405
of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160;<span id="xdx_906_edei--EntityExTransitionPeriod_c20230814__20230814_zeKgOJ2pxHP7"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2023-08-14" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityExTransitionPeriod">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 2.02</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Results of Operations and Financial Condition.</b></span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 14, 2023, after filing its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2023 (the &#8220;Second Quarter
10-Q&#8221;) with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Sonim Technologies, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) issued a press release
announcing its financial results for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2023 (the &#8220;Press Release&#8221;). A copy of the Press Release
is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Press Release does not contain any information about the Company&#8217;s results of operations or financial condition other than the
disclosure that is made in the Second Quarter 10-Q. This Current Report on Form 8-K is furnished voluntarily.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 9.01</b></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
<span style="text-decoration: underline">Exhibits</span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex99-1.htm">Press Release.</a></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cover
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SIGNATURES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SONIM
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>Exhibit
99.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><IMG SRC="ex99-1_001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>Sonim
Reports 125% Revenue Increase to $26.8 Million, Continued Profitability in Second Quarter 2023</B></FONT></P>

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Carrier Activities and Development for Adjacent Markets to Continue Revenue Growth</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><I>New
Series of 5G Phones to Launch with Two Carriers in 2024 Will Expand into Consumer-Durable Market</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>San
Diego, California &ndash; August 14, 2023 &ndash; <U>Sonim Technologies, Inc.</U> (Nasdaq: SONM)</B>, a leading provider of ultra-rugged,
rugged and consumer durable mobile devices including phones, tablets and accessories designed to provide extra protection for users that
demand more durability in their work and everyday lives, reported financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2023.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>Second
Quarter 2023 and Recent Highlights</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Net
    revenues increased 125% year-over-year to $26.8 million, from $12.0 million in the second quarter 2022, and increased sequentially
    from $25.8 million in the first quarter 2023</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Achieved
    positive GAAP net income of $509 thousand, compared to a net loss of $4.2 million in the second quarter of 2022, and a net profit
    of $227 thousand in the first quarter 2023</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Ended
    the quarter with cash and cash equivalents of $9.7 million, accounts receivable of $26.6 million and inventory of $4.7 million, demonstrating
    Sonim&rsquo;s ability to self-fund its organic growth strategy and working capital needs</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Sonim&rsquo;s
    increased market capitalization facilitated inclusion in the Russell Microcap&reg; Index, effective June 2023</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Further
    expanded availability and sales of Sonim&rsquo;s XP10 ultra-rugged 5G smartphone at the top carriers in the U.S. and Canada</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Launched
    FirstNet Ready&trade; XP3plus and XP10 5G ultra rugged smartphones for public safety customers</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Announced
    the new Sonim Connect range of mobile hotspots, USB modems, and fixed wireless access (FWA) solutions targeting adjacent carrier
    markets, the first of which will be available later this year, with additional devices available in 2024</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Announced
    new consumer-centric 5G phones to launch in 2024, already selected for sales by two tier-one carriers in North America</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Readied
    for increased expansion of wireless solutions targeting carriers, enterprises, and consumers in the UK, EMEA and APAC markets with
    the appointment of Simon Rayne as general manager</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Peter
Liu, Sonim&rsquo;s Chief Executive Officer, said: &ldquo;The second quarter demonstrated the strength of our profitable operating model
as we successfully increased sales of our existing rugged products and ODM tablets with leading North American carriers. We are actively
diversifying our market reach through strategic launches in adjacent markets, exemplified by our recent introduction of the new portfolio
of data devices and the upcoming line of consumer-durable phones, set to launch in 2024. Select models of the new phones have already
garnered commitments from two prominent carriers, making them equally exciting milestones. These significant advancements will unlock
tremendous sales potential in a $70 billion market, solidifying Sonim&rsquo;s reputation as a renowned brand for specialized devices
and durable smartphones in the wider consumer market opportunity.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>Second
Quarter 2023 Financial Results</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Revenue
for the second quarter 2023 was $26.8 million, increased 125% from $12.0 million in the second quarter 2022 and increased from $25.8
million in the first quarter 2023. Revenue reflected the continued sales of the Company&rsquo;s tablet products plus expanded availability
of Sonim&rsquo;s fully refreshed rugged mobile device line at a growing list of carrier partners in North America. Sales of Sonim&rsquo;s
new XP10 Rugged 5G Android smartphone increased 51% over prior year quarter XP8 smartphone sales. Sonim expects sales of its smartphones
to further increase in the third quarter as it commences sales at additional top carrier partners. Sonim also continues to win business
in large adjacent markets leveraging its rugged heritage and ODM relationship capabilities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Gross
profit for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, was $4.4 million, or 16.5% of revenues, compared with second quarter 2022 gross profit of
$2.8 million, or 23.8% of revenues, and $4.2 million, or 16.2% of revenues in the preceding quarter. Gross profit margins reflected increased
sales of the newly refreshed rugged products line, and in particular the Company&rsquo;s smartphone devices, offset by lower margin but
higher volume non-Sonim branded ODM tablet shipments. Increased sales of Sonim&rsquo;s updated rugged cell phones, including the updated
XP10 rugged smartphone, are expected to increase unit sales of Sonim&rsquo;s higher margin devices in 2023.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Operating
expenses for the second quarter 2023 were $3.7 million, declining significantly from $7.1 million in the second quarter 2022, and compared
with $3.8 million in the 2023 first quarter. Operating expenses were lower due to lower R&amp;D and legal expenses, among other efficiencies.
R&amp;D is expected to remain low as Sonim has shifted its approach and now expects its third-party device manufacturers to pay for the
majority of R&amp;D on new products, which they will subsequently pass through as part of future product costs.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Net
profit in the second quarter was $509 thousand, compared with net loss of $4.2 million in the second quarter 2022 and net profit of $227
thousand in the first quarter 2023.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&ldquo;We
are excited to report our second quarter of positive GAAP net income as we advance our strategy to move into additional large adjacent
markets where our core technologies can offer differentiated solutions to top carriers,&rdquo; said Clay Crolius, Chief Financial Officer
of Sonim. &ldquo;We continue to self-fund our new product development and working capital needs, demonstrating the strength of our balance
sheet as we continue to grow the business.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>Balance
Sheet and Working Capital</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Sonim
ended the second quarter with $9.7 million in cash and equivalents and remained essentially debt free. Accounts receivable increased
sequentially to $26.6 million on increased sales, and inventory increased to $4.7 million. The Company continues to self-fund its working
capital and product development needs out of existing cash and cash flows.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>About
Sonim Technologies, Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Sonim
Technologies is a leading U.S. provider of ultra-rugged, rugged and consumer durable mobile devices, including phones, wireless internet
data devices, tablets and accessories designed to provide extra protection for users that demand more durability in their work and everyday
lives. We currently sell our ruggedized mobility solutions to several of the largest wireless carriers in the United States&mdash;including
AT&amp;T, T-Mobile and Verizon&mdash;as well as the three largest wireless carriers in Canada&mdash;Bell, Rogers and TELUS Mobility.
Our ruggedized phones and accessories are also sold through distributors in North America and Europe. Sonim devices and accessories connect
users with voice, data, workflow and lifestyle applications that enhance the user experience while providing an extra level of protection.
For more information, visit <U>www.sonimtech.com</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>Important
Cautions Regarding Forward-Looking Statements</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">This
release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. These
statements relate to, among other things, the projected revenue growth, and the anticipated effect of various events on Sonim&rsquo;s
financial condition. These forward-looking statements are based on Sonim&rsquo;s current expectations, estimates and projections about
its business and industry, management&rsquo;s beliefs and certain assumptions made by Sonim, all of which are subject to change. Forward-looking
statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as, &ldquo;future&rdquo;, &ldquo;believe,&rdquo;
&ldquo;expect,&rdquo; &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;intend,&rdquo; &ldquo;estimate,&rdquo; &ldquo;continue,&rdquo; or
similar expressions or the negative of those terms or expressions. Such statements involve risks and uncertainties, which could cause
actual results to vary materially from those expressed in or indicated by the forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual
results to differ materially include, but are not limited to, the following: Sonim&rsquo;s ability to continue as a going concern and
improve its liquidity and financial position; Sonim&rsquo;s exploration of strategic or financial alternatives may not result in any
transaction or alternative that enhances value; risks related to Sonim&rsquo;s ability to comply with the continued listing standards
of the Nasdaq Stock Market and the potential delisting of Sonim&rsquo;s common stock; Sonim&rsquo;s ability to continue to develop solutions
to address user needs effectively, including its next generation products; anticipated sales levels of both new and legacy products;
Sonim&rsquo;s reliance on its channel partners to generate a substantial majority of its revenues; the limited operating history in Sonim&rsquo;s
markets; Sonim&rsquo;s ongoing restructuring and transformation of its business; the variation of Sonim&rsquo;s quarterly results; the
lengthy customization and certification processes for Sonim&rsquo;s wireless carries customers; the impact of global macroeconomic events,
inflation, and the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the other risk factors described under &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; included in Sonim&rsquo;s
most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent quarterly filings on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(available at www.sec.gov). Sonim cautions you not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the
date hereof. Sonim assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements in order to reflect events or circumstances that may
arise after the date of this release, except as required by law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>Investor
Contact</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Matt
Kreps</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Darrow
Associates Investor Relations</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><U>mkreps@darrowir.com</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">M:
214-597-8200</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>Media
Contact</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Anette
Gaven</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Sonim
Technologies</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">M:
619-993-3058</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><U>pr@sonimtech.com</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>SONIM
TECHNOLOGIES, INC.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>JUNE
30, 2023 AND DECEMBER 31, 2022 (UNAUDITED)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>(IN
THOUSANDS OF U.S. DOLLARS EXCEPT SHARE AND</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>PER
SHARE AMOUNTS)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; color: Black">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">June 30, 2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">December 31, 2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; color: Black">Assets</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%; color: Black; text-align: left">Cash and cash equivalents</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 16%; color: Black; text-align: right">9,720</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 16%; color: Black; text-align: right">13,213</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Accounts receivable, net</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">26,576</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">22,433</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Non-trade receivable</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">1,008</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">2,269</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; color: Black">Inventory</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">4,736</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">3,910</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">1,428</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">1,807</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; color: Black; text-align: left">Total current assets</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">43,468</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">43,632</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Property and equipment, net</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">83</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">168</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Right-of-use assets</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">183</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">66</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Contract fulfillment assets</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">7,028</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">6,848</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other assets</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">2,978</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">2,972</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; color: Black; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total assets</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: right">53,740</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: right">53,686</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Liabilities and stockholders&rsquo; equity</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Current portion of long-term debt</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">74</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">147</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Accounts payable</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">20,913</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">21,126</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Accrued expenses</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">9,475</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">10,692</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Current portion of lease liability</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">183</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">66</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Deferred revenue</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">31</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; color: Black; text-align: left">Total current liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">30,645</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">32,062</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Income tax payable</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">1,446</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">1,429</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Accrued severance</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">150</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; color: Black; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">32,091</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">33,641</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; color: Black; text-align: left">Commitments and contingencies</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; color: Black; text-align: left">Stockholders&rsquo; equity</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized: and 41,110,279 and 40,774,687 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">41</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">41</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, 5,000,000 shares authorized, and no shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Additional paid-in capital</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">270,742</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">269,874</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Accumulated deficit</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">(249,134</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">(249,870</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt; color: Black; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total stockholders&rsquo; equity</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">21,649</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">20,045</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; color: Black; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total liabilities and stockholders&rsquo; equity</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: right">53,740</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: right">53,686</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>SONIM
TECHNOLOGIES, INC.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><B>(IN
THOUSANDS OF U.S. DOLLARS EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Three Months Ended</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Six Months Ended</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">June 30</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">June 30</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="color: Black; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; color: Black; text-align: left">Net revenues</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; color: Black; text-align: right">26,835</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; color: Black; text-align: right">11,955</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; color: Black; text-align: right">52,636</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; color: Black; text-align: right">25,213</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Cost of revenues</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">22,409</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">9,108</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">44,035</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">20,838</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Gross profit</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">4,426</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">2,847</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">8,601</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">4,375</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Operating expenses:</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Research and development</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">2,721</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">105</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">6,889</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Sales and marketing</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">1,827</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">2,073</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">3,584</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">4,243</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">General and administrative</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">1,852</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">2,273</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">3,832</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">4,545</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total operating expenses</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">3,679</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">7,067</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">7,521</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">15,677</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Net income (loss) from operations</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">747</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">(4,220</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">1,080</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">(11,302</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Interest expense</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">(5</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">(35</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">(5</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">(74</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other income (expense), net</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">(161</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">91</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">(154</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">68</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Net income (loss) before income taxes</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">581</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">(4,164</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">921</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">(11,308</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Income tax expense</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">(72</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">(61</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">(185</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">(129</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Net income (loss)</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: right">509</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: right">(4,225</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: right">736</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; color: Black; text-align: right">(11,437</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; color: Black">Net income (loss) per share</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Basic</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">0.01</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">(0.22</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">0.02</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; color: Black; text-align: right">(0.60</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; color: Black">Diluted</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">0.01</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">(0.22</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">0.02</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">(0.60</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">Weighted&ndash;average shares used in computing net income (loss) per share</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; color: Black">Basic</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">41,039,405</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">19,283,496</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">40,973,594</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">19,197,859</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; color: Black">Diluted</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">43,398,189</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">19,283,496</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">41,903,630</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: right">19,197,859</TD><TD STYLE="color: Black; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:to="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Accounting Standard</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:to="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Reporting Standard Item Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Shell Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Public Float</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Bankruptcy Proceedings, Reporting Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140324041187600">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 14, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Aug. 14,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-38907<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Sonim
Technologies, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001178697<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">94-3336783<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">4445
Eastgate Mall<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">San
Diego<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">92121<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(650)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">378-8100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common
    Stock, par value $0.001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">SONM<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod', window );">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if an emerging growth company has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 7A<br> -Section B<br> -Subsection 2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
