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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to ____________

Commission File Number: 001-38907

Sonim Technologies, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 94-3336783
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4445 Eastgate Mall, Suite 200

San Diego, CA 92121

(Address of principal executive offices and Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (650) 378-8100

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock par value $0.001 per share |  | SONM |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☒
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

On May 7, 2025, there were 9,201,563 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001, outstanding.

Table of Contents

|  | Page
| Cautionary Note about Forward-Looking Statements | ii
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholder’s Equity | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 4
| Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 5
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 17
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 23
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 23
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 24
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 24
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 26
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 26
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 26
Item 5. | Other Information | 26
Item 6. | Exhibits | 27
Signatures | 28

i

Cautionary Note about Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report contains statements that we believe are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Those forward-looking statements are intended to enjoy the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by that act as well as protections afforded by other federal securities laws. Generally, words such as “achieve,” “aim,” “ambitions,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “committed,” “continue,” “could,” “designed,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “future,” “goals,” “grow,” “guidance,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “milestone,” “objective,” “on track,” “opportunity,” “outlook,” “pending,” “plan,” “position,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “progress,” “roadmap,” “seek,” “should,” “strive,” “targets,” “to be,” “upcoming,” “will,” “would,” and variations of such words and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, which are not historical in nature. Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this Quarterly Report and other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including without limitation, the following sections:

| (i) | Note 8 “Commitments and Contingencies” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements regarding the possible outcome of, and future effect on our financial condition and results of operations of, certain litigations and other proceedings to which we are a party;
| (ii) | Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” including the statements with regard to the future changes to our business and our expectations regarding our strategy and new lines of products, future cash requirements, assessment of our liquidity, the availability, uses, sufficiency, and cost of capital resources, and sources of funding, and future products, services, and technologies; and
| (iii) | Part I, Item 4. “Controls and Procedures,” including the description of limitations on effectiveness of controls and procedures.

Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following:

| ● | the availability of cash on hand and other sources of liquidity to fund our operations and grow our business;
| ● | our ability to compete effectively depends on multiple factors and we may not be able to continue to develop solutions to address user needs effectively;
| ● | the current interest of third parties and the potential attempt of a hostile takeover or hostile stockholder activism may divert the management’s attention from Sonim’s business and may require significant expenses to address;
| ● | we may be negatively impacted by changes in U.S. trade policy, including the imposition of tariffs;
| ● | we may not be able to continue to develop solutions to address user needs effectively, including our next-generation products, which could materially adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to continue operations;
| ● | a small number of customers account for a significant portion of our revenue;
| ● | failure to meet the Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements and other Nasdaq rules could adversely affect the price of our common stock and make it more difficult for us to sell securities in a future financing or for you to sell our common stock;
| ● | the financial and operational projections that we may provide from time to time are subject to inherent risks;
| ● | our ability to incorporate emerging technologies into our new consumer products given the lengthy development cycle;
| ● | our ability to adapt to shortened customer lead times and tightened inventory controls from our key customers;
| ● | we are materially dependent on some customer relationships that are characterized by product award letters and the loss of such relationships could harm our business and operating results;
| ● | our quarterly results may vary significantly from period to period;
| ● | we rely primarily on third-party contract manufacturers and partners;
| ● | if our products contain defects or errors, we could incur significant unexpected expenses, experience product returns and lost sales, experience product recalls, suffer damage to our brand and reputation, and be subject to product liability or other claims;
| ● | we are required to undergo a lengthy customization and certification process for each wireless carrier customer;
| ● | we are dependent on the continued services and performance of a concentrated and limited group of senior management and other key personnel;
| ● | we face risks related to the impact of various economic, political, environmental, social, and market events beyond our control that can impact our business and results of operations; and
| ● | other risks and uncertainties described in this Quarterly Report, our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and our other filings with the SEC.

We urge investors to consider all of the risks, uncertainties, and other factors disclosed in these filings carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report. We cannot assure you that the results or developments anticipated by us and reflected or implied by any forward-looking statement contained in this Quarterly Report will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that those results or developments will result in the forecasted or expected consequences for us or affect us, our operations or financial performance as we forecasted or expected. As a result of the matters discussed above and other matters, including changes in facts, assumptions not being realized, or other factors, the actual results relating to the subject matter of any forward-looking statement in this Quarterly Report may differ materially from the anticipated results expressed or implied in that forward-looking statement. The forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report are made only as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and we undertake no obligation to update any such statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.

As used herein, “Sonim,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and similar terms include Sonim Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

ii

SONIM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT SHARE AND

PER SHARE AMOUNTS)

|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 2,115 |  |  | $ | 5,343 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 4,849 |  |  |  | 4,339 |
Non-trade receivable |  |  | 6,452 |  |  |  | 7,119 |
Related party receivable |  |  | 181 |  |  |  | 181 |
Inventory |  |  | 8,620 |  |  |  | 10,621 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 4,718 |  |  |  | 4,562 |
Total current assets |  |  | 26,935 |  |  |  | 32,165 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 188 |  |  |  | 227 |
Contract fulfillment assets |  |  | 8,014 |  |  |  | 6,399 |
Other assets |  |  | 821 |  |  |  | 948 |
Total assets |  | $ | 35,958 |  |  | $ | 39,739 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 17,294 |  |  | $ | 22,848 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 15,118 |  |  |  | 20,892 |
Promissory note, net, current portion |  |  | 2,265 |  |  |  | — |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 34,677 |  |  |  | 43,740 |
Promissory note, net |  |  | 566 |  |  |  | — |
Income tax payable |  |  | 1,794 |  |  |  | 1,699 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 37,037 |  |  |  | 45,439 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Stockholders’ equity (deficit) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized; and 6,333,657 and 4,983,868 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 5 |
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, 5,000,000 shares authorized, and no shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 282,065 |  |  |  | 277,903 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (283,150 | ) |  |  | (283,608 | )
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) |  |  | (1,079 | ) |  |  | (5,700 | )
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) |  | $ | 35,958 |  |  | $ | 39,739 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

SONIM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)

(UNAUDITED)

|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 16,721 |  |  | $ | 9,118 |
Related party net revenues |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,658 |
Total net revenues |  |  | 16,721 |  |  |  | 16,776 |
Cost of revenues |  |  | 8,365 |  |  |  | 13,874 |
Gross profit |  |  | 8,356 |  |  |  | 2,902 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 1,633 |  |  |  | 456 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 3,239 |  |  |  | 2,492 |
General and administrative |  |  | 2,839 |  |  |  | 2,643 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 7,711 |  |  |  | 5,591 |
Income (loss) from operations |  |  | 645 |  |  |  | (2,689 | )
Interest expense, net |  |  | (91 | ) |  |  | — |
Other income (expense), net |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | (92 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | 590 |  |  |  | (2,781 | )
Income tax expense |  |  | (132 | ) |  |  | (125 | )
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 458 |  |  | $ | (2,906 | )
Net income (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic(*) |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.65 | )
Diluted(*) |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.65 | )
Weighted-average shares used in computing net income (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic(*) |  |  | 5,839,764 |  |  |  | 4,438,131 |
Diluted(*) |  |  | 5,868,429 |  |  |  | 4,438,131 |

(*) | Adjusted retroactively to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split that became effective on July 17, 2024, see Note 1.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

SONIM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)

(UNAUDITED)

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 |  | Shares (*) |  |  | Common stock (*) |  |  | Additional Paid in Capital (*) |  |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  | Stockholders Equity |
|  | Common stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Stockholders’ |
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 |  | Shares (*) |  |  | Amount (*) |  |  | Capital (*) |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Equity |
Balance at January 1, 2024 |  |  | 4,426,867 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 272,324 |  |  | $ | (249,960 | ) |  | $ | 22,368 |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options |  |  | 12,500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 53 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 324 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 324 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,906 | ) |  |  | (2,906 | )
Balance at March 31, 2024 |  |  | 4,439,367 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 272,701 |  |  | $ | (252,866 | ) |  | $ | 19,839 |

|  | Shares (*) |  |  | Amount |  |  | Additional Paid in Capital |  |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  | Equity |
For the Three Months Ended |  | Common stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Stockholders’ Equity |
March 31, 2025 |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | (Deficit) |
Balance at January 1, 2025 |  |  | 4,983,868 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 277,903 |  |  | $ | (283,608 | ) |  | $ | (5,700 | )
Balance |  |  | 4,983,868 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 277,903 |  |  | $ | (283,608 | ) |  | $ | (5,700 | )
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units |  |  | 2,149 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs |  |  | 1,347,640 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 3,536 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,537 |
Stock-based compensation related to 2024 bonus accrual |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 336 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 336 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 290 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 290 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 458 |  |  |  | 458 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 458 |  |  |  | 458 |
Balance at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 6,333,657 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 282,065 |  |  | $ | (283,150 | ) |  | $ | (1,079 | )
Balance |  |  | 6,333,657 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 282,065 |  |  | $ | (283,150 | ) |  | $ | (1,079 | )

(*) | Adjusted retroactively to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split that became effective on July 17, 2024, see Note 1.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

SONIM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(IN THOUSANDS)

(UNAUDITED)

|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 458 |  |  | $ | (2,906 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 1,055 |  |  |  | 880 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 290 |  |  |  | 324 |
Release of customer allowance liability |  |  | (5,271 | ) |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | (56 | ) |  |  | 84 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | (649 | ) |  |  | 6,476 |
Non-trade receivable |  |  | 667 |  |  |  | 397 |
Related party receivable |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,817 | )
Inventory |  |  | 2,255 |  |  |  | 1,694 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | (127 | ) |  |  | 38 |
Contract fulfillment assets |  |  | (2,548 | ) |  |  | (1,248 | )
Other assets |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (269 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | (5,554 | ) |  |  | 540 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | (218 | ) |  |  | (404 | )
Income tax payable |  |  | 95 |  |  |  | 43 |
Net cash used in operating activities |  |  | (9,606 | ) |  |  | (168 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of property and equipment |  |  | — |  |  |  | (30 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | — |  |  |  | (30 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs |  |  | 3,537 |  |  |  | — |
Proceeds from promissory note, net of issuance costs |  |  | 2,790 |  |  |  | — |
Proceeds from short-term borrowings, net of repayments |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | — |
Proceeds from stock option exercises |  |  | — |  |  |  | 53 |
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 6,378 |  |  |  | 53 |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (3,228 | ) |  |  | (145 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 5,343 |  |  |  | 9,397 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 2,115 |  |  | $ | 9,252 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | — |
Cash paid for income taxes |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 8 |
Non-cash activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables transferred to satisfy payables (Note 4) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,308 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

SONIM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

(In Thousands, except Share and Per Share Amounts)

NOTE 1 — The Company and Its Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

Sonim Technologies, Inc. was incorporated in the state of Delaware on August 5, 1999, and is headquartered in San Diego, California. The Company offers a robust portfolio that includes rugged handsets, smartphones, wireless internet devices, software, services, and accessories. These products are engineered to deliver reliable communication in challenging and unpredictable environments, serving sectors such as critical communications, first responders, government, industrial, construction, hospitality, and logistics. The Company distributes its products primarily through major wireless carriers. The Company currently has products available at all three U.S. Tier-one carriers – AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon as well as the three primary carriers in Canada – Bell, Telus and Rogers, Telstra in Australia, and multiple carriers throughout Europe. These carriers resell the Company’s products, along with network services, to end customers focusing on two primary end markets: industrial enterprise and the public sector.

The Company is executing a strategic expansion initiative, focusing on broadening its market reach with new products, geographical footprint, and customer segments including enterprise, small and medium business, and prosumers. This strategy is underpinned by a strong emphasis on execution. The Company has introduced new product categories: Connected Solutions featuring wireless internet products, a next-generation rugged smartphone, and a new range of mid and low-tier professional rugged phones, all boasting IP ratings, MIL-STD-810H standards, and elements of Sonim’s Rugged Performance Standards (“RPS”), highlighting the Company’s value proposition to target markets.

During the second half of 2024 and through the filing date of this report, the Company launched the following products:

| ● | Sonim H500-series of 5G mobile hotspots available through Verizon, UScellular, and Bell in North America;
| ● | Sonim H700, the world’s first 5G Release 17 and Wi-Fi 7 rugged mobile hotspot, available through Telstra in Australia;
| ● | Sonim H100 4G mobile hotspot available through Telia Finland and distribution partners in Europe;
| ● | XP100 4G and XP400 5G professional rugged phones available through Deutsche Telekom in Germany and distribution partners in Europe and South Africa;
| ● | XP Pro 5G rugged smartphone available through Verizon in the United States; and
| ● | XP3plus 5G rugged flip phone available through T-Mobile and certified for T-Priority.

Additionally, the XP10 is now available through the Company’s distribution partners in EMEA and Australia. Most of these products are supported by the SonimWare platform and enterprise services. In the first quarter of 2025, the XP Pro 5G and H500 5G each received Verizon Frontline certification. In the first quarter of 2025 we also announced the upcoming launch and availability of the XP Pro Thermal 5G smartphone for Europe which includes an SDK-enabled Sonim IRIS software for custom application development and an integrated thermal camera by FLIR® that benefits a number of vertical trades such as electricians, plumbers, public safety, construction, agriculture, amongst others.

A significant revenue driver in the first quarter of 2024 was a range of low-priced products developed under Sonim’s original design manufacturer (“ODM”) model, emphasizing high-volume and low-margin production tailored to a specific customer’s needs. These sales concluded in the first quarter of 2024 due to its life cycle end. The ODM model does not represent the Company’s core business strategy.

Reverse Stock Split

On July 17, 2024, the Company effected a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). The Company’s common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market on a post-split basis on July 18, 2024. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, each share of common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to July 17, 2024, was automatically converted into one-tenth (1/10) of a share of common stock. The Reverse Stock Split affected all common stockholders uniformly and did not alter any stockholder’s percentage interest in the Company’s equity, except to the extent that the Reverse Stock Split would result in a stockholder owning a fractional share. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Stockholders who otherwise would be entitled to receive a fractional share instead were entitled to receive one whole share in lieu of such fractional share.

The Reverse Stock Split did not change the par value of the common stock or the authorized number of shares of common stock. All outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants entitling their holders to purchase or obtain or convert into shares of our common stock were adjusted, as required by the terms of these securities.

The Company’s stockholders’ equity, in the aggregate, remained unchanged following the Reverse Stock Split. Net income (loss) per share increased because there were fewer shares of common stock outstanding. There were no other accounting consequences, including changes to the amount of stock-based compensation expense to be recognized in any period, that arose as a result of the Reverse Stock Split.

All common share and per-share amounts in this Form 10-Q have been retroactively restated to reflect the effect of the Reverse Stock Split.

5

Liquidity and Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements account for the continuation of its business as a going concern. The Company is subject to the risks and uncertainties associated with the development and release of new products. The Company’s principal sources of liquidity as of March 31, 2025, consist of existing cash and cash equivalents of $2,115. Subsequent to March 31, 2025, the Company received net proceeds of $4,497 from the sale of shares through the Company’s At-The-Market (“ATM”) stock sales program. The Company believes that it can meet its obligations over the next twelve months following the filing date of this report with cash at March 31, 2025 and with the cash that was raised through the ATM subsequent to March 31, 2025.

Basis of presentation and preparation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Sonim Technologies, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively “Sonim” or the “Company”). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Certain prior period amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation. These condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

As discussed above, all per share amounts and common shares amounts have been adjusted on a retroactive basis to reflect the effect of the Reverse Stock Split. Proportionate adjustments were made to the per share exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable under all outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants. In addition, proportionate adjustments have been made to the number of shares of common stock reserved for the Company’s equity incentive awards.

Promissory Notes

The Company accounts for promissory notes in accordance with ASC 470, Debt. Promissory notes are initially recorded at the amount of cash proceeds received, net of any original issue discount and direct issuance costs. Debt discounts and issuance costs are amortized to interest expense over the term of the note using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method. Interest is accrued based on the stated interest rate.

Prior period reclassifications

Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Related Party Transactions

Effective December 15, 2023, in the ordinary course of business, the Company entered into an agreement pursuant to which the Company would execute various statements of work and sell white label phones under the ODM model arrangement with a related party, in which a family member of our director, Jeffrey Wang, holds indirect interest of approximately 40% (the “ODM Arrangement”). Pursuant to the ODM Arrangement, the Company consummated various transactions during the first quarter of 2024.

New accounting pronouncements

Pronouncements adopted in 2025

None.

Pronouncements not yet adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures This guidance requires expanded annual income tax disclosures, including (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation, and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. This guidance is effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for the Company for the annual period ending December 31, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Topic 220): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This guidance requires additional disclosure of certain amounts included in the expense captions presented on the Statement of Operations as well as disclosures about selling expenses. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis, with the option for retrospective application, for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

6

NOTE 2 — Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue primarily from the sale of products, including mobile phones, connected devices, and accessories, and the majority of the Company’s contracts include only one performance obligation, namely the delivery of product. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is defined as the unit of account for revenue recognition under ASC 606. The Company also recognizes revenue from other contracts that may include a combination of products and NRE services or from the provision of solely NRE services. Where there is a combination of products and NRE services, the Company accounts for the promises as individual performance obligations if they are concluded as distinct. Performance obligations are considered distinct if they are both capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract. In determining whether performance obligations meet the criteria for being distinct, the Company considers a number of factors, such as the degree of interrelation and interdependence between obligations, and whether or not the good or service significantly modifies or transforms another good or service in the contract. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, the Company did not have any contracts in which the products and NRE services were concluded to be a single performance obligation. In certain cases, the Company may offer tiered pricing based on volumes purchased for specific model phones. To date, all tiered pricing provisions have fallen into observable ranges of pricing to existing customers, thus, not resulting in any material right which could be concluded as its own performance obligation. In addition, the Company does not offer material post-contract support services to its customers.

Net revenue for an individual contract is recognized at the related transaction price, which is the amount the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring the goods and/or services. The transaction price for product sales is calculated as the product selling price net of variable consideration which may include estimates for marketing development funds, sales incentives, and price protection and stock rotation rights. The Company generally does not offer a right of return to its customers, except for certain distributors where the company estimates future returns and reduces revenue on sales subject to return and maintains a reserve for returns allowance. Typically, variable consideration does not need to be constrained as estimates are based on specific contract terms. However, the Company continues to assess variable consideration estimates such that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur. The transaction price for a contract with multiple performance obligations is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Standalone selling prices for products are determined based on the prices charged to customers, which are directly observable. The standalone selling price of the professional services are mostly based on time and materials. The Company determines its estimates of variable consideration based on historical collection experience with similar payor classes, aged accounts receivable by payor class, terms of payment agreements, correspondence from payors related to revenue audits or reviews, its historical settlement activity of audited and reviewed claims and current economic conditions using the portfolio approach. Revenue is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the cumulative amount recognized will not occur in future periods.

Revenue is then recognized for each distinct performance obligation as control is transferred to the customer. Revenue attributable to hardware is recognized at the time control of the product transfers to the customer. Control is generally transferred when the Company has a present right to payment and title and the significant risks and rewards of ownership of products or services are transferred to its customers. For most of the Company’s revenue attributable to hardware, control transfers when products are shipped. Revenue attributable to professional services is recognized as the Company performs the professional services for the customer.

The Company maintains agreements with certain customers that include provisions for product allowances under specific conditions. Accruals for these agreements are based on available customer-specific data or, when such data is not available, relevant historical trends. These costs are recognized as a reduction to revenue. Based on the terms of these agreements, any unused accruals are released and recognized as revenue. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company finalized agreements which resulted in the reduction of accruals by approximately $5,271, which was recognized as revenue.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table presents total net revenues disaggregated by product category:

Schedule of Net Revenue Disaggregate by Product Category

|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Smartphones |  | $ | 11,032 |  |  | $ | 5,580 |
Feature Phones |  |  | 4,810 |  |  |  | 3,348 |
Connected Solutions |  |  | 689 |  |  |  | — |
White Label Products (ODM Model) (Related Party) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,658 |
Accessories and Other |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | 188 |
Total net revenues |  | $ | 16,721 |  |  | $ | 16,776 |

Shipping and handling costs

The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill the promise to transfer the associated products.

7

Contract costs

Applying the practical expedient, the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred when the amortization period of the assets that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in sales and marketing expenses.

The non-recurring costs associated with design and development of new products for technical approval represent costs to fulfill a contract pursuant to ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs. Accordingly, the Company capitalizes these contract fulfillment costs and amortizes such costs over the estimated period of time they are expected to be recovered, which is typically three to four years, the estimated life of a particular product model. As of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the net contract fulfillment assets were $8,014 and $6,399, respectively.

NOTE 3 — Significant Balance Sheet Components

The following table presents the components of the Company’s accounts receivable, net:

Schedule of Accounts Receivable

|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Trade receivables |  | $ | 7,555 |  |  | $ | 6,906 |
Allowance for credit losses |  |  | (2,706 | ) |  |  | (2,567 | )
Total accounts receivable |  | $ | 4,849 |  |  | $ | 4,339 |

As of January 1, 2024, accounts receivable, net, was $25,304 and non-trade receivables was $961.

The Company has non-trade receivables from manufacturing vendors resulting from the sale of components to the vendors who manufacture and assemble final products for the Company.

The Company determines the probability of default for each pool of receivables with similar risk characteristics. The probability of loss is applied to the value of the receivables and an allowance for potential credit losses is recorded with the offset to credit loss expense.

One customer accounts for 23% and 33%, respectively, of accounts receivable, net, at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024. Four additional customers account for 17%, 14%, 12%, and 11% of accounts receivable, net, at March 31, 2025. Two additional customers account for 24% and 12% of accounts receivable, net, at December 31, 2024.

In October 2023, the Company stopped sales of the white label products to its customer as the product reached the end of its life cycle. In February 2024, an agreement was executed that transferred $11,308 of the receivables to the manufacturer of the white label products in exchange for relieving the Company of a $11,308 accounts payable liability.

8

The following table presents the components of the Company’s inventory:

Schedule of Inventory

|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Devices – for resale |  | $ | 3,904 |  |  | $ | 4,633 |
Raw materials |  |  | 4,305 |  |  |  | 5,598 |
Accessories |  |  | 411 |  |  |  | 390 |
Inventory, net |  | $ | 8,620 |  |  | $ | 10,621 |

For certain new products, the Company began purchasing raw materials in 2024 that will be used by the third-party manufacturers to build the products. These purchased parts represent most of the raw materials in inventory at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The following table presents the components of the Company’s prepaid expenses and other current assets:

Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Deposits for inventory |  | $ | 2,805 |  |  | $ | 2,697 |
Other |  |  | 1,913 |  |  |  | 1,865 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | $ | 4,718 |  |  | $ | 4,562 |

The following table presents the components of the Company’s accrued liabilities:

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Customer allowances |  | $ | 5,355 |  |  | $ | 11,421 |
Contract fulfillment liabilities |  |  | 3,205 |  |  |  | 2,939 |
Inventory received, not billed |  |  | 2,037 |  |  |  | 1,563 |
Employee-related liabilities |  |  | 2,024 |  |  |  | 2,247 |
Other |  |  | 2,497 |  |  |  | 2,722 |
Accrued liabilities |  | $ | 15,118 |  |  | $ | 20,892 |

Receivables Financing Agreement

On September 23, 2024, the Company entered into an invoice purchase agreement (the “Receivables Financing Agreement”) with LS DE LLC (“LS”), pursuant to which LS will provide receivables factoring to the Company. Pursuant to the terms of the Receivables Financing Agreement, LS will advance 80% of the face value of the receivables being sold by the Company, up to a maximum of $2,500 of eligible customer invoices from the Company. In consideration of the advances, LS is entitled to receive (i) an invoice purchase fee equal to 0.20% of the face amount of each purchased invoice payable at the time of the purchase and (ii) a daily funds usage fee equal to 0.0388%, payable monthly in arrears on the last day of each month. Under the agreement, the Company must repurchase any invoices that LS deems to be uncollectible or no longer qualify as an Eligible Account, as defined in the Receivables Financing Agreement. The Company is accounting for this transaction as a secured borrowing and recognizes a factoring liability for any advances until the accounts receivables are collected. As of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, there was $642 and $591, respectively, outstanding under the Receivables Financing Agreement, which is included in Accrued Liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Receivables Financing Agreement has an initial term of twelve months, subject to automatic annual extension unless terminated. Additionally, under certain circumstances and unless waived by LS, the Company will be obligated to pay a missing notation fee of 15% in the event of its failure to affix a certain legend regarding assignment or a misdirected payment fee in the amount of 15%. In the event of the Company’s default, the Company’s payment obligations will be accelerated, and, in addition to the aforementioned fees payable to LS, the Company will be required to pay the default interest rate of the lesser of 24% per annum or the maximum rate permitted by law until the default is cured or until all Company’s obligations are paid in full.

The Company’s obligations under the Receivables Financing Agreement are secured by a lien on all of the Company’s accounts receivable, inventory, and related property, excluding accounts receivable from certain specified counterparties.

The Receivables Financing Agreement contains representations and warranties by the Company and LS, certain indemnification provisions in favor of LS and customary covenants (including limitations on other debt, liens, acquisitions, investments and dividends), and events of default (including payment defaults, breaches of covenants, a material impairment in LS’s security interest or in the collateral, and events relating to bankruptcy or insolvency). The Receivables Financing Agreement can be terminated by either party upon written notice or by LS upon the occurrence of certain events including the Company’s default.

9

NOTE 4 —Promissory Note

On February 21, 2025, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Streeterville Capital, LLC (the “Lender”) pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to the Lender a promissory note in the original principal amount of $3,300 (the “Note”).

The Purchase Agreement

Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, until all of the Company’s obligations under the Note and all other transaction documents are paid and performed in full, the Company agreed to comply with certain covenants, including but not limited to the following: (i) compliance with its filing requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (ii) maintaining the Company’s listing on a national securities exchange, and (iii) refraining from making any Restricted Issuances (as defined in the Purchase Agreement and described below) without the Lender’s prior written consent, which consent may be granted or withheld in the Lender’s sole discretion.

Subject to certain customary exceptions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, Restricted Issuances include the incurrence or guaranty of any debt obligations other than trade payables in the ordinary course of business, the issuance of any convertible securities in which the number of shares that may be issued pursuant to a conversion right, or the conversion price, varies with the market price of the Company’s common stock, the issuance of any securities with reset provisions and the issuance of any securities in connection with Section 3(a)(9) exchange, a Section 3(a)(10) settlement, or any other similar settlement or exchange. Restricted Issuances do not include ATM facilities, commercial bank loans or lines of credit, leases, grants pursuant to the Company’s incentive plans, and change-in-control transactions that result in full repayment of the Note upon consummation.

The Purchase Agreement also contains a “most favored nation” clause. Under this provision, for as long as the Note remains outstanding, if the Company issues any debt security with more favorable economic terms or conditions not similarly provided to the Lender, the Company must notify the Lender. At the Lender’s option, such favorable terms will become part of the Note and related transaction documents.

The Note

The Note carries an original issue discount of $270, and the Company agreed to pay $30 to the Lender to cover its legal fees, accounting costs, due diligence, monitoring, and other transaction costs, each of which was deducted from the proceeds of the Note received by the Company resulting in a purchase price of $3,000 received by the Company. The Company incurred additional issuance costs of approximately $210, which consisted of legal costs and placement fees.

If the Note remains outstanding on the 90-day anniversary of the issuance, the Company will incur a one-time monitoring fee equal to the difference between (i) the outstanding balance of the Note divided by 0.85 (as minuend), and (ii) the outstanding balance of the Note (as subtrahend).

Interest under the Note accrues at a rate of 9% per annum. The unpaid amount of the Note, any interest, fees, charges, and late fees are due 18 months following the date of issuance. The Company may prepay all or any portion of the outstanding balance of the Note. If the Company elects to prepay the Note in part, it will be required to pay to the Lender an amount in cash equal to 110% of the portion of the outstanding balance the Company elects to prepay.

Commencing six months after the date of issuance of the Note and at any time thereafter until the Note is paid in full, the Lender will have the right to redeem up to $330 under the Note per calendar month. The Company must pay the redeemed amount in cash within three trading days of receiving a redemption notice. On three separate occasions and not more than once every 90 calendar days, the Company may defer any redemptions the Lender could otherwise make during a calendar month, provided, however, that each deferral increases the outstanding balance of the Note by 1%.

10

At any time following the occurrence of a Major Trigger Event or Minor Trigger Event (each as defined in the Note), the Lender may increase the outstanding balance of the Note by 15% for each occurrence of any Major Trigger Event and 5% for each occurrence of any Minor Trigger Event (the “Trigger Effect”), provided that the Trigger Effect may only be applied three times with respect to Major Trigger Events and three times with respect to Minor Trigger Events.

Subject to certain exceptions described below, if the Company fails to cure a Trigger Event within five trading days following the date of transmission of written demand notice by the Lender, the Trigger Event will automatically become an Event of Default (as defined in the Note). Following the occurrence of any Event of Default, the Lender may, upon written notice to the Company, (i) accelerate the Note, with the outstanding balance of the Note following application of the Trigger Effect (the “Mandatory Default Amount”) becoming immediately due and payable in cash, and (ii) cause interest on the outstanding balance of the Note beginning on the date the applicable Event of Default occurred to accrue at an interest rate equal to the lesser of 22% per annum or the maximum rate permitted under applicable law. However, certain Trigger Events, such as bankruptcy or insolvency, automatically result in an Event of Default, making the outstanding balance immediately payable at the Mandatory Default Amount without notice.

The following table presents the components of the net carrying amount of the Note as of March 31, 2025:

Schedule of Components of Net Carrying Amount

Principal |  | $ | 3,300 |
Less: unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs |  |  | (469 | )
Long term debt |  | $ | 2,831 |
Current portion |  | $ | 2,265 |
Long-term portion |  | $ | 566 |

The effective interest rate on the Note was 24.5% for the period from the date of issuance through March 31, 2025. The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Note:

Schedule of Interest Expense

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 |
Contractual interest expense |  | $ | 30 |
Amortization of debt discount |  |  | 19 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs |  |  | 22 |
Interest expense |  | $ | 71 |

NOTE 5 — Stockholders’ Equity

Equity Financing

On April 29, 2024, the Company closed on a capital investment of 350,000 shares of common stock and warrants, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, with a single investor for an aggregate purchase price of $3,850. In connection with the closing, the Company incurred approximately $66 in issuance costs, which was offset against the proceeds.

Each warrant has an exercise price of $11.00 per share, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, is immediately exercisable, will expire in five years from the date of issuance, and is subject to customary adjustments for certain transactions affecting the Company’s capitalization. The warrants may not be exercised if the aggregate number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by the investor subsequent to the exercise exceeds the specified beneficial ownership limitation provided therein (which is currently 9.99% and may be adjusted upon advance notice).

11

ATM Offering

On August 6, 2024, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (“Roth”). Pursuant to the Sales Agreement, the Company may sell, at its option, shares of common stock through Roth, as sales agent. Sales of shares of the Company’s common stock made pursuant to the Sales Agreement are being made under the Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on April 9, 2024 (File No. 333-278577) (the “Registration Statement”), which was declared effective by the SEC on May 3, 2024. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, Roth may sell the shares, if any, only by methods deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act. Roth will be entitled to compensation at a commission rate of 3% of the gross sales price per share sold through it under the Sales Agreement. The Company agreed to provide Roth with customary indemnification and contribution rights, including for liabilities under the Securities Act. In addition, the Company is required to reimburse Roth for certain specified expenses in connection with entering into the Sales Agreement.

The Company has no obligation to sell shares under the Sales Agreement, but it may do so from time to time. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, a total of 1,349,840 shares of common stock were sold under the Sales Agreement for net proceeds of $3,731 after payment of commission fees and other related expenses of $119. Additional shares of the Company’s common stock were sold after March 31, 2025. See Note 11, Subsequent Events.

NOTE 6 — Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is as follows:

Schedule of Stock Based Compensation Expense

|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Cost of revenues |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 12 |
Research and development |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 7 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 86 |
General and administrative |  |  | 221 |  |  |  | 219 |
Stock-based compensation expenses |  | $ | 290 |  |  | $ | 324 |

Stock-based compensation in Cost of Revenues relates to employees who focus on supply chain management.

Stock Options

Stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025, is set forth in the table below:

Summary of Stock Option Activity

|  | Options |  |  | Weighted average exercise price per share |  |  | Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value* |
Outstanding at January 1, 2025 |  |  | 755,494 |  |  | $ | 6.48 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited and Expired |  |  | (35,319 | ) |  |  | 4.69 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 720,175 |  |  | $ | 6.57 |  |  |  | 8.00 |  |  | $ | — |
Vested and Expected to Vest at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 720,175 |  |  | $ | 6.57 |  |  |  | 8.00 |  |  | $ | — |
Exercisable at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 360,950 |  |  | $ | 7.83 |  |  |  | 7.53 |  |  | $ | — |

* | The intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of the common stock on the balance sheet date.

As of March 31, 2025, there was approximately $1,262 of unamortized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.63 years.

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Restricted Stock Units

Restricted Stock Unit (“RSU”) activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025, is set forth in the table below:

Schedule of Outstanding Restricted Stock Units

|  | RSUs |
Outstanding at January 1, 2025 |  |  | 67,962 |
Granted |  |  | 555,845 |
Released |  |  | (2,149 | )
Forfeited |  |  | — |
Outstanding at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 621,658 |

As of March 31, 2025, there was approximately $1,255 of unamortized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.31 years. Approximately $806 of this unamortized stock-based compensation cost was included in accrued liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and this liability will be released as the related stock-based compensation is recognized.

Additional RSU grants for shares of the Company’s common stock were issued after March 31, 2025, as well as accelerated vesting for all outstanding RSUs. See Note 11, Subsequent Events.

NOTE 7 — Income Taxes

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, the Company recorded provisions for income taxes of $132 and $125 respectively. The Company’s effective income tax rate is 22.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to negative 4.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 differs from the tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 due to the Company reporting consolidated pretax book income for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and a consolidated pretax book loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024, for which the Company could not report a tax benefit due to the Company’s full valuation allowance in the U.S.

The Company’s material income tax jurisdictions are the United States (federal and California), China and India. As a result of net operating loss and credit carryforwards, the Company is subject to audit for tax years 2017 and forward for federal and 2015 and forward for California purposes. The China and India tax years are open under the statute of limitations from 2014 and 2020, respectively, and forward.

The Company is subject to ongoing tax examinations of its tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities in various jurisdictions. In accordance with the guidance on the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, the Company regularly assesses the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of its provision for income taxes. These assessments can require considerable estimates and judgments. As of March 31, 2025, the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits was approximately $1,506. If the Company’s estimates of income tax liabilities prove to be less than the ultimate assessment, then a further charge to expense would be required. If events occur and the payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period in which we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. The Company does not anticipate any material changes to its uncertain tax positions during the next twelve months.

NOTE 8 — Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase Commitments — The aggregate amount of noncancelable purchase orders as of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, was approximately $17,057 and $15,753, respectively, and were related to the purchase of inventory and components for the Company’s devices, and certification services.

Royalty payments — The Company is required to pay per unit royalties to wireless essential patent holders and other providers of integrated technologies on mobile devices delivered, which, in aggregate, amount to less than 5% of net revenues associated with each unit and expire between 2025 and 2033. Royalty expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024 was $233 and $230, respectively. Royalty expense is included in Cost of Revenues. The Company may be required to pay additional royalties to additional patent holders and technology providers on future products.

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General litigation — The Company is involved in various legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. The Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these other matters will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

AJP and Orbic Litigation

On April 24, 2025, AJP Holding Company, LLC (“AJP”) on behalf of itself and Orbic North America, LLC (“Orbic”), filed a complaint in the Delaware Court of Chancery against the Company and directors Mike Mulica, James Cassano, Peter Liu, and Jack Steenstra (the “Complaint”). The Complaint alleges that the individual defendants breached their fiduciary duties and seeks, among other relief, a declaration to that effect and an injunction prohibiting enforcement of certain provisions of the Company’s amended and restated bylaws (the “Bylaws”) in connection with the purported notice of nomination (the “Notice”) of proposing a competing slate of directors for election at the Company’s 2025 annual meeting, as more fully described in the Complaint.

The Notice was submitted on the evening of Thursday, March 20, 2025—fewer than two business days before the nomination deadline of Saturday, March 22, 2025—and was determined to be deficient for failing to include all information required under the Bylaws.

AJP beneficially owns approximately 21.5% of the Company’s outstanding common stock. Its sole manager, Jeffrey Wang, is a director of the Company. Orbic, which is a competitor of the Company and an affiliate of Reliance Communications, LLC (“Reliance”), exercises full voting control over AJP’s shares pursuant to an irrevocable proxy agreement. The Company and Reliance are currently involved in litigation in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Case No. 24-CV-4433), in which each party has asserted claims against the other arising out of allegations by Reliance regarding purported intellectual property violations by the Company, which the Company disputes. On March 18, 2025, Orbic, AJP, and certain affiliates filed a Schedule 13D announcing the formation of a group under Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Orbic and AJP also filed a motion for expedited proceedings with their complaint. The Delaware Court of Chancery granted the motion for expedited proceedings on May 2, 2025.

The results of any future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty and, regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management time and resources and other factors.

Indemnification — Under the terms of its agreements with wireless carriers and other partners, the Company has agreed to provide indemnification for intellectual property infringement claims related to the Company’s products sold by them to their end customers. From time to time, the Company receives notices from these wireless carriers and other partners of a claim for infringement of intellectual property rights potentially related to their products. These infringement claims have been settled, dismissed, have not been further pursued by the customers, or are pending further action by the Company.

NOTE 9 — Net Income (Loss) Per Share

The dilutive effect of outstanding RSUs and other contingently issuable shares is reflected in diluted net income per share by application of the treasury stock method. The following table sets forth the computation of the Company’s basic and diluted net income (loss) per share. Amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2024, have been adjusted retrospectively for the Reverse Stock Split.

Schedule of Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 458 |  |  | $ | (2,906 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares used in computing net income (loss) per share, basic |  |  | 5,839,764 |  |  |  | 4,438,131 |
Net income (loss) per share, basic |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.65 | )
Weighted-average shares used in computing net income (loss) per share, diluted |  |  | 5,868,429 |  |  |  | 4,438,131 |
Net income (loss) per share, diluted |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.65 | )

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The potentially dilutive common shares that were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share because their effect would have been antidilutive are as follows. Share amounts as of March 31, 2024, have been adjusted retroactively for the Reverse Stock Split.

Summary of Dilutive Common Shares were Excluded from Calculation of Diluted

|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Shares subject to options to purchase common stock |  |  | 720,175 |  |  |  | 516,925 |
Unvested restricted stock units |  |  | — |  |  |  | 68,073 |
Shares subject to warrants to purchase common stock |  |  | 350,000 |  |  |  | 1 |
Total |  |  | 1,070,175 |  |  |  | 584,999 |

Additional shares of the Company’s common stock were issued after March 31, 2025. See Note 11, Subsequent Events.

NOTE 10 — Entity Level Information

Segment Information—The Company operates in one reporting segment.

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The Company’s CODM primarily uses consolidated net income (loss) to allocate resources and assess Company performance, primarily through periodic budgeting and Company performance reviews. The CODM utilizes discrete financial information at the consolidated level, including profit and loss statements, cash flow and revenue forecasts, inventory reports, and vendor payment plans.

The following table details the revenues, significant expenses and other segment items regularly provided to and reviewed by the CODM:

Schedule of Revenue Significant Expenses and Other Segment Items

|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Revenues |  | $ | 16,721 |  |  | $ | 16,776 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales |  |  | 6,639 |  |  |  | 12,489 |
Amortization of contract fulfillment assets |  |  | 933 |  |  |  | 869 |
Other cost of sales |  |  | 793 |  |  |  | 516 |
Research and development |  |  | 1,633 |  |  |  | 456 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 3,239 |  |  |  | 2,492 |
General and administrative, excluding legal fees |  |  | 2,425 |  |  |  | 2,390 |
Legal fees |  |  | 414 |  |  |  | 253 |
Interest expense, net |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | — |
Other (income) expense, net |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | 92 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 132 |  |  |  | 125 |
Consolidated segment net income (loss) |  | $ | 458 |  |  | $ | (2,906 | )
Reconciliation of profit or loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustments and reconciling items |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Consolidated net income (loss) |  | $ | 458 |  |  | $ | (2,906 | )

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The following table summarizes total net revenues by region based on ship-to destinations:

Schedule of Revenue by Region

|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
United States |  | $ | 12,768 |  |  | $ | 7,266 |
Asia Pacific |  |  | 529 |  |  |  | 7,663 |
Canada |  |  | 2,382 |  |  |  | 1,806 |
Europe and Middle East |  |  | 1,042 |  |  |  | 41 |
Total net revenues |  | $ | 16,721 |  |  | $ | 16,776 |

Long-lived assets, substantially comprised of contract fulfillment assets, located in the United States and Asia Pacific region were $8,843 and $180 as of March 31, 2025, respectively, and $7,384 and $187 as of December 31, 2024, respectively.

Inventory located in the United States and Asia Pacific region was $3,467 and $5,153 as of March 31, 2025, respectively, and $3,383 and $7,238 as of December 31, 2024, respectively.

Concentrations of Revenue Risk— One customer accounted for 60% and 31% of total net revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. One additional related party customer accounted for 46% of total net revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Operating Segments Maximum Customer Concentration Risk Accounts Receivable Revenue Benchmark

NOTE 11 — Subsequent Events

Subsequent to March 31, 2025, a total of 2,130,437 shares of common stock were sold under the Sales Agreement for net proceeds of $4,497 after payment of commission fees and other related expenses of $139. As of the filing date of this report, the Company has completed its sales of shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement and the ATM program has been terminated.

On April 17, 2025, to promote retention and to incentivize employees’ efforts, the compensation committee of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved the acceleration of vesting for all outstanding RSUs. A total of 733,157 RSUs vested as of April 17, 2025. There are no outstanding RSUs as of the filing date of this report.

Shareholder Rights Plan

On April 21, 2025, the Board declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right (“Right”) for each outstanding share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company, and adopted a stockholder rights plan, as set forth in the Rights Agreement, dated as of April 21, 2025 (the “Rights Agreement”), by and between the Company and Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, a New York limited liability company, as rights agent. The dividend is payable to stockholders of record of the Company as of the close of business on May 2, 2025.

Each Right will allow its holder to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Shares”), par value $0.001 per share, for $4.00 (the “Purchase Price”), once the Rights become exercisable. The Purchase Price payable, and the number of Preferred Shares or other securities or other property issuable upon exercise of the Rights will be subject to adjustment from time to time to prevent dilution in the event of a stock dividend on, or a subdivision, combination or reclassification of, the Preferred Shares. The Rights are exercisable only if a person or group acquires 15.5% or more of the Company’s outstanding common stock (an amount of “less than 20%” in the case of a passive institutional investor as described in the Rights Plan), commences tender or exchange offer, or a similar event, as described in detail in the Purchase Agreement.

Additional information regarding the Rights Agreement is contained in a Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC. To date, the adoption of the shareholder rights plan described above had no impact on the financial position of the Company.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-Looking Statements

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with “Cautionary Note About Forward-Looking Statements” and our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report as well as our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 as amended, including Part 1, Item 1A “Risk Factors.”

Company Overview

Sonim Technologies, based in the United States, is a leading provider of enterprise 5G solutions, offering a robust portfolio that includes rugged handsets, smartphones, wireless internet devices, software, services, and accessories. These products are engineered for reliable communication in challenging and unpredictable environments, serving sectors such as critical communications, first responders, government, industrial, construction, hospitality, and logistics. We currently have products available at all three U.S. Tier-one carriers – AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon as well as the three primary carriers in Canada – Bell, Telus and Rogers, and Telstra in Australia. These carriers then resell our products, along with network services, to end customers focusing on two primary end markets: industrial enterprise and public sector. We also sell our products through distributors and resellers in various markets, including Europe and South Africa.

In 2023, Sonim announced a strategic expansion initiative, focusing on broadening its market reach with new products, geographical markets, and customer segments including enterprise, small and medium business, and prosumers. This strategy is underpinned by a strong emphasis on execution. We have introduced new product categories: Connected Solutions featuring wireless internet products, a next-generation rugged smartphone, and a new range of mid and low-tier professional rugged phones, all boasting IP ratings, MIL-STD-810H standards, and elements of Sonim’s RPS, highlighting our value proposition to target markets.

During the second half of 2024 and through the filing date of this report, Sonim launched the following products:

| ● | Sonim H500-series of 5G mobile hotspots available through Verizon, UScellular, and Bell in North America;
| ● | Sonim H700, the world’s first 5G Release 17 and Wi-Fi 7 rugged mobile hotspot, available through Telstra in Australia;
| ● | Sonim H100 4G mobile hotspot available through Telia Finland and distribution partners in Europe;
| ● | XP100 4G and XP400 5G professional rugged phones available through Deutsche Telekom in Germany and distribution partners in Europe and South Africa;
| ● | XP Pro 5G rugged smartphone available through Verizon in the United States; and
| ● | XP3plus 5G rugged flip phone available through T-Mobile and certified for T-Priority.

Additionally, the XP10 is now available through our distribution partners in EMEA and Australia. Most of these products are supported by the SonimWare platform and enterprise services. In the first quarter of 2025, the XP Pro 5G and H500 5G each received Verizon Frontline certification. In the first quarter of 2025 we also announced the upcoming launch and availability of the XP Pro Thermal 5G smartphone for Europe which includes an SDK-enabled Sonim IRIS software for custom application development and an integrated thermal camera by FLIR® that benefits a number of vertical trades such as electricians, plumbers, public safety, construction, agriculture, amongst others.

Geographic market expansion continues with agreements and product availability through new distribution partners in Europe and South Africa, catering to carrier, reseller, and enterprise sales channels. New partners include TCCM, Brodos, Modino, Ingram Micro, and Cernotech, which bolster our presence in these regions. This strategic alignment supports our commitment to offering reliable solutions and expanding our customer base.

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With the primary sales channels in the U.S. and Canada consisting of large wireless carriers, the Company’s customer base is highly concentrated. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, wireless carriers contributed 84% of our total net revenues, 32% of which related to the expiration of customer allowance agreements as three of our legacy phones approach end-of-life, with our top three carrier customers accounting for 74% of our total net revenues, 32% of which related to the expiration of customer allowance agreements. Our rugged smartphones represented 66% of our total net revenues, 30% of which related to the expiration of customer allowance agreements, while feature phones were 29% of our total net revenues, and connected solutions were 4% of our total net revenues.

In alignment with Sonim Technologies’ commitment to quality, reliability, and regulatory compliance, we have prioritized our Trade Agreements Act (“TAA”) initiatives. TAA compliance is crucial in enhancing our market strategy, particularly in expanding opportunities within government and enterprise markets, which demand stringent adherence to regulatory standards. By ensuring our products meet TAA requirements, we reinforce our position as a trusted provider of enterprise 5G solutions.

This initiative underscores our dedication to delivering products that not only meet industry-leading standards but also comply with U.S. federal procurement regulations, thereby enhancing our competitiveness in securing government contracts.

Looking ahead, Sonim is focused on bringing our new products and solutions offering to our expanded portfolio throughout 2025.

Recent Developments

Recent Product Awards

The first step in selling our products through wireless telecommunications carriers is to receive a product award from the carrier. The award documents the intent of the carrier to carry the proposed product and offer it to customers through their stores or online. The carrier and Sonim agree to a launch date that is generally nine months or longer from the date of the product award. After the product award, the Company and its partners complete the design that includes the unique specifications from the carrier, test the device, obtain certification from the carrier to sell the device, and begin full scale manufacturing of the product based on purchase orders issued by the carrier.

As of the filing date of this report, Sonim is completing the development, testing and certification of new products that it expects to launch in the second or third quarter of 2025 with various carriers.

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Equity Financing

On April 29, 2024, we consummated a private placement with a single investor and sold 350,000 shares of our common stock (as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split) and warrants to purchase up to 350,000 shares of our common stock for an exercise price of $11.00 per share (as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split) for an aggregate purchase price of $3.85 million. We used the net proceeds from the private placement for working capital and general corporate purposes. The shares of our common stock sold in the private placement (including those underlying the warrants) are subject to registration rights and may not be transferred or sold until 180 days after the closing, or ‎‎October‎ ‎29‎, ‎2024, subject to customary limited exceptions.

ATM Offering

On August 6, 2024, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (“Roth”). Pursuant to the Sales Agreement, the Company may sell, at its option, up to an aggregate of $8.9 million in shares of common stock through Roth, as sales agent. Sales of shares of our common stock made pursuant to the Sales Agreement are being made under the effective Registration Statement on Form S-3. Roth is entitled to compensation at a commission rate of 3% of the gross sales price per share. For additional information, refer to Note 5 — Stockholders’ Equity to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained within this report under the title “ATM Offering.”

We have no obligation to sell shares under the Sales Agreement, and we have sold shares from time to time. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, a total of 1,349,840 shares of common stock were sold under the Sales Agreement for net proceeds of $3.7 million after payment of commission fees and other related expenses of $0.1 million. Subsequent to March 31, 2025, a total of 2,130,437 shares of common stock were sold under the Sales Agreement for net proceeds of $4.5 million after payment of commission fees and other related expenses of $0.1 million. As of the filing date of this report, the Company has completed its sales of shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement and the ATM program has been terminated.

Receivables Financing Agreement

To improve its liquidity, on September 23, 2024, the Company entered into an invoice purchase agreement (the “Receivables Financing Agreement”) with LS DE LLC (“LS”), pursuant to which LS will provide receivables factoring to the Company, pursuant to which LS will advance 80% of the face value of the receivables being sold by the Company, up to a maximum of $2.5 million of eligible customer invoices from the Company. As of March 31, 2025, there was $0.6 million outstanding under the Receivables Financing Agreement, which is included in Accrued Liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For additional information, refer to Note 1—The Company and Its Significant Accounting Policies to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained within this report under the title “Receivables Financing Agreement.”

Promissory Note

On February 21, 2025, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement with the Lender pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to the Lender the Note. Starting on August 21, 2025, the Lender may exercise its right to redeem up to $330,000 of the Note per calendar month. If the Lender exercises this right, the Company’s liquidity will decrease. For additional information, refer to Note 4 — Promissory Note to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained within this report.

Macroeconomic Events

Worldwide economic and political uncertainties and negative trends, including tariffs and increasing trade protectionism, inflation, tensions between the U.S. and China, financial and credit market fluctuations, recession risks, labor shortages, supply chain disruptions, political election cycles, changes in laws and interpretations of laws, changes in the volume and relative mix of U.S. government spending, cost-cutting and efficiency initiatives and potential disruptions from international conflicts and acts of terrorism, have impacted and may continue to impact our business and the business of our customers, while also disrupting sales channels and advertising and marketing activities. See “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Form 10-Q for further discussion of the possible impact of these factors and other risks on our business.

We have implemented and continue to implement measures to address those challenges. We also continue to actively manage our inventory and establish a relationship with third-party manufacturers in an effort to minimize supply chain disruptions. Nevertheless, the above-described events had and will continue to impact the global macroeconomic and geopolitical environments, capital and commodity markets, and global supply chains, which may have an adverse impact on our operations and hinder our ability to access capital, if needed. Our cost of revenue may increase if the component prices increase.

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Results of Operations

The results of operations for the first quarter of 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for the full year or in any future period. Historically, we have experienced higher revenues following the release of new products and start of sales with additional carriers and distributors.

The following tables present key components of our results of operations (dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Increase (Decrease) |  |  | % |
Net revenues |  | $ | 16,721 |  |  | $ | 9,118 |  |  | $ | 7,603 |  |  |  | 83 | %
Related party net revenues |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,658 |  |  |  | (7,658 | ) |  |  | (100 | )%
Total net revenues |  |  | 16,721 |  |  |  | 16,776 |  |  |  | (55 | ) |  |  | — | %
Cost of revenues |  |  | 8,365 |  |  |  | 13,874 |  |  |  | (5,509 | ) |  |  | (40 | )%
Gross profit |  |  | 8,356 |  |  |  | 2,902 |  |  |  | 5,454 |  |  |  | 188 | %
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 1,633 |  |  |  | 456 |  |  |  | 1,177 |  |  |  | 258 | %
Sales and marketing |  |  | 3,239 |  |  |  | 2,492 |  |  |  | 747 |  |  |  | 30 | %
General and administrative |  |  | 2,839 |  |  |  | 2,643 |  |  |  | 196 |  |  |  | 7 | %
Total operating expenses |  |  | 7,711 |  |  |  | 5,591 |  |  |  | 2,120 |  |  |  | 38 | %
Income (loss) from operations |  |  | 645 |  |  |  | (2,689 | ) |  |  | 3,334 |  |  |  | (124 | )%
Interest expense, net |  |  | (91 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (91 | ) |  |  | N/A |
Other income (expense), net |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | (92 | ) |  |  | 128 |  |  |  | (139 | )%
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | 590 |  |  |  | (2,781 | ) |  |  | 3,371 |  |  |  | (121 | )%
Income tax expense |  |  | (132 | ) |  |  | (125 | ) |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | 6 | %
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 458 |  |  | $ | (2,906 | ) |  | $ | 3,364 |  |  |  | (116 | )%

Total Net Revenues

Total net revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025, decreased slightly by $0.1 million compared to 2024. The three months ended March 31, 2025, included $5.3 million related to the expiration of customer allowance agreements as three of our legacy phones approach end-of-life. The three months ended March 31, 2024, included $7.7 million in revenue from white label products sold to a related party. We discontinued our white label program during the first quarter of 2024. Sales of our feature phones increased $1.5 million period over period and hotspot sales from products that were launched after the first quarter of 2024 were $0.7 million in 2025. Excluding the impact of the expiration of customer allowance agreements mentioned above, we expect revenue to increase significantly in the second quarter of 2025 due to increasing sales of our hotspots in the U.S. and our phones in EMEA.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025, decreased by $5.5 million as compared to 2024. The first quarter of 2024 included white label phones with cost of revenues of $7.2 million. The decrease resulting from the loss of this revenue was partially offset by higher cost of revenues in the first quarter 2025 because of higher revenue from feature phones and hotspots.

Gross Profit and Margin

Gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2025, increased by $5.5 million compared to 2024 because of the $5.3 million adjustment to revenue from the expiration of customer allowance agreements in the first quarter of 2025. Gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2025, was 50%, which reflects the positive impact from the expiration of customer allowance agreements that has no related cost of sales, compared to 17% in the first quarter of 2024, which reflects the negative impact of white label products that had a gross margin of approximately 6%.

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Research and Development

R&D expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025, increased by $1.2 million compared to 2024, primarily due to there being limited R&D projects during the first half of 2024. In 2025 R&D expenses were primarily from internal work on the development of new variants of our XP Pro, including a version with a thermal camera, the HPUE hotspot, the XP400 phone for Europe, and the updated 5G version of our XP3plus. In the second quarter of 2025 we expect to continue to incur R&D expenses for these products.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025, increased by $0.7 million compared to 2024 primarily due to an increase in marketing spend to support new products in 2025, compliance work for Europe, as well as an increase in compensation primarily related to sales in Europe.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025, increased by $0.2 million compared to 2024 primarily due to an increase in legal expenses.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, we have funded operations from a combination of public and private equity financings, and through the issuance of debt. During the first quarter of 2025 we received net proceeds of $3.5 million from the sale of our stock through our ATM program, and we received net proceeds of $2.8 million from the issuance of the Note.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we reported net income of $0.5 million and used $9.6 million in operating cash flow. As of March 31, 2025, our principal source of liquidity consisted of cash and cash equivalents totaling $2.1 million. Subsequent to March 31, 2025, we have received $4.5 million in proceeds from the sale of equity through our ATM program. We also have access to up to $2.5 million under our Receivables Financing Agreement. We plan to continue to leverage multiple sources of liquidity to maintain flexibility in regard to meeting our capital needs. We expect these sources of liquidity to be sufficient to offset any future operating losses and to fund the development of new products over the next year. Increased revenue from new products is expected to further improve cash flow over the next year. We expect to meet all obligations with existing cash and operating cash flow for a period of at least one year from the date of release of the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for the periods presented (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net cash used in operating activities |  | $ | (9,606 | ) |  | $ | (168 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | — |  |  |  | (30 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 6,378 |  |  |  | 53 |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | (3,228 | ) |  | $ | (145 | )

Cash flows from operating activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, cash used in operating activities was $9.6 million, primarily attributable to net cash used in a change in net operating assets and liabilities of $6.1 million and net income of $0.5 million, excluding net non-cash operating activity of $4.0 million. The change in net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to net payments made on accounts payable and an increase in contract fulfillment assets, which are capitalized costs for product certifications, partially offset by a decrease in inventory. Non-cash charges primarily consist of $5.3 million related to the expiration of customer allowance agreements, $1.1 million in depreciation and amortization and $0.3 million for stock-based compensation.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash used in operating activities was $0.2 million, primarily attributable to a net loss of $2.9 million, partially offset by net cash provided by a change in our operating assets and liabilities of $1.5 million and net non-cash charges of $1.3 million. The change in net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts receivable and inventory, partially offset by an increase in contract fulfillment assets. Non-cash charges primarily consist of $0.9 million in depreciation and amortization and $0.3 million for stock-based compensation.

Cash flows from investing activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, there were no significant investing activities.

Cash flows from financing activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company received $3.5 million in cash, net of issuance costs, from ATM sales, as well as $2.8 million in net proceeds from the issuance of the Note.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no significant financing activities.

Material Cash Requirements

There have been no material changes to our material cash requirements from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Certain accounting policies and estimates are particularly important to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations and require the application of significant judgment by our management or can be materially affected by changes from period to period in economic factors or conditions that are outside of our control. As a result, they are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. In applying these policies, our management uses their judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of certain estimates. Those estimates are based on our historical operations, our future business plans and projected financial results, the terms of existing contracts, our observance of trends in the industry, information provided by our customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate.

A description of our critical accounting policies that represent the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements was provided in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates described in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, that have had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Segment Information

We have one business activity and operate in one reportable segment.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information under this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, prior to filing this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance, and not absolute assurance, that the desired control objectives of the system are met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events. Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals in all future circumstances. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system are met.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2025, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

For information regarding our material legal proceedings, see “Note 8 — Commitments and Contingencies” in the accompanying “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There are no material changes to the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, except as set forth below.

The risk factor titled “We may become a ‘controlled company’ within the meaning of the applicable rules of Nasdaq and, as a result, may qualify for exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. If we rely on these exemptions, our stockholders will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to such requirements” is deleted in its entirety.

The risk factor titled “Changes in U.S. trade policy, including the imposition of tariffs and restrictions and the resulting consequences, may have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition” is amended and restated as follows:

Changes in U.S. trade policy, including the imposition of tariffs and restrictions and the resulting consequences, may have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

We cannot predict what changes to trade policy will be made, or the economic impact that changes to trade policy will have, including significant increases in tariffs on goods imported into the United States, particularly tariffs on products manufactured abroad, including China and other countries, and the length of time such tariffs may remain in place, or whether the entry into new bilateral or multilateral trade agreements will occur. As of the filing date of this prospectus, the U.S. has imposed tariffs on foreign imports into the United States, including, most relevant to us, an additional 145% tariff on all imports from China, provided, that an exemption was granted to smartphones and certain other items. These tariffs may further increase the cost of our products and could negatively impact our results of operations. At this time, it remains unclear what additional actions, if any, will be taken by the U.S. or other governments with respect to international trade agreements, the imposition of additional tariffs on goods imported into the U.S., tax policy related to international commerce, increased export control, sanctions and investment restrictions, or other trade matters. Although the ultimate scope and timing of any such actions is currently indeterminable, if implemented, they could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. If further tariffs are imposed on a broader range of imports, further retaliatory trade measures are taken by various countries in response to tariffs, or efforts are made to withdraw from or substantially modify such agreements, then we may be required to raise our prices or incur additional expenses.

In addition, the FCC rules prohibit communications equipment deemed to pose an unacceptable risk to national security from obtaining the equipment authorization that allows the products to be imported, marketed, or sold in the U.S. If any of our product components were to be classified under these restrictions, we could face regulatory hurdles, supply chain disruptions, and lost revenue opportunities, which could have a material impact on our operations and financial results. Additionally, evolving national security policies and heightened scrutiny of foreign-manufactured telecommunications equipment may further increase compliance costs and restrict our market access.

The adoption or expansion of trade restrictions, the escalation of a trade war, or other governmental actions related to tariffs, trade agreements, or prohibition of components of communication equipment, could negatively impact demand for our products, increase costs, disrupt our supply chain, and adversely affect our customers and suppliers. Any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

The risk factor titled “Our business and operations could be negatively affected if we become subject to stockholder activism or hostile bids, which could cause us to incur significant expense, hinder execution of our business strategy and impact our stock price” is amended and restated as follows:

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Our business and operations could be negatively affected if we become subject to stockholder activism or hostile bids, which could cause us to incur significant expense, hinder execution of our business strategy and impact our stock price.

Stockholder activism—ranging from proxy contests and hostile bids to public campaigns and litigation—has become increasingly prevalent. Declines in our stock price may heighten our vulnerability to unsolicited approaches, potentially disrupting our business strategy and operations.

In January 2025, Orbic North America, LLC (“Orbic”), an affiliate of a competitor currently engaged in intellectual property litigation against us, announced an “agreement in principle” with AJP Holding Company, LLC (“AJP”), our largest stockholder, to acquire a portion of AJP’s shares. AJP is controlled by our director Jeffrey Wang, who beneficially owns approximately 21.5% of our outstanding common stock. Following this announcement, our board formed a Special Committee to evaluate strategic alternatives. Thereafter, AJP, Orbic, and their affiliates formed a group pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act (the “Orbic Group”), and Orbic entered into an irrevocable proxy agreement granting it control over all of AJP’s voting power. The Orbic Group submitted a purported acquisition proposal and a purported notice to nominate an alternative slate of director candidates for election at our 2025 annual meeting (the “Notice”). Our board rejected the Notice as deficient, and AJP and Orbic subsequently initiated litigation against the Company and all of our directors except for Mr. Wang, as described in “Note 8 — Commitments and Contingencies” to our Condensed Consolidated Unaudited Financial Statements.

Responding to such actions by activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations, and divert the attention of management and our board of directors. If AJP and Orbic are successful in the litigation and proxy contest, they could gain control of our board of directors, potentially pursuing actions advanced by our competitor that conflict with our long-term strategic objectives. Actions of AJP and Orbic may also discourage or deter a potential acquirer of Sonim from considering Sonim as a desirable acquisition target. The presence of an activist stockholder or the perception of a potential hostile takeover may create uncertainty regarding our future direction, strain relationships with business partners, and impact our ability to attract and retain key personnel. In fact, Sonim has already had to dispel market rumors regarding potential hostile actions by Orbic, which has required management’s time and effort.

The risk factor titled “We are required to meet the Nasdaq continued listing requirements and other Nasdaq rules, or we may risk delisting. Delisting could negatively affect the price of our common stock, which could make it more difficult for us to sell securities in a future financing or for you to sell our common stock.” is amended and restated as follows:

We are required to meet the Nasdaq continued listing requirements and other Nasdaq rules, or we may risk delisting. Delisting could negatively affect the price of our common stock, which could make it more difficult for us to sell securities in a future financing or for you to sell our common stock.

We are required to meet the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq and other Nasdaq rules, including those regarding director independence and independent committee requirements, minimum stockholders’ equity, minimum share price and certain other corporate governance requirements. In particular, we are required to maintain a minimum bid price for our listed common stock of $1.00 per share (which we previously failed to meet resulting in two reverse stock splits in a five-year period in order to regain compliance) and either a minimum stockholders’ equity of $2,500,000, or a minimum market value of our common stock of at least $35,000,000. If we do not meet these continued listing requirements, our common stock could be delisted. We have a history of receiving deficiency letters from Nasdaq.

If Nasdaq delists our common stock from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our common stock on another national securities exchange, we expect our common stock could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

● | a limited availability of market quotations for our common stock;
● | reduced liquidity for our common stock;
● | a determination that our common stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;
● | negative publicity;
● | a limited amount of news and analyst coverage;
● | loss of eligibility to register the sale or resale of our securities on Form S-3; and
● | a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

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The risk factor titled “Some provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may delay or prevent a change in control and may discourage bids for our common stock at a premium over its market price” is amended and restated as follows:

Some provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and the adoption of the rights plan may delay or prevent a change in control and may discourage bids for our common stock at a premium over its market price.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide for, among other things:

● | the authorization of undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without stockholder approval;
● | advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals; and
● | certain limitations on convening special stockholder meetings.

These anti-takeover defenses could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our company or changes in our management, including transactions in which our stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their common stock over then current market prices. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions than you desire.

Additionally, we are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (“DGCL”), which prohibit a publicly-held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder, generally a person which together with its affiliates owns, or within the last three years has owned, 15% of our voting stock, for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. These provisions of DGCL may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control, and may discourage bids for our common stock at a premium over its market price.

Additionally, in April of 2025, we entered into the Rights Agreement, which was previously approved by our board. In connection with the Rights Agreement, a dividend was declared of one preferred stock purchase right for each share of the Common Stock of the Company outstanding at the Record Date (individually, a “Right” and collectively, the “Rights”). In general terms, the Rights Agreement imposes a significant penalty upon any person or group that acquires beneficial ownership of 15.5% (or, in the case of passive institutional investors, an amount of “less than 20%”) or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock without the approval of the Board. The Rights will expire on April 21, 2026

The Rights Agreement could have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in management or control over us. While there is no plan to do so at this time, our board may choose to extend the current Rights Agreement or adopt a new rights agreement in the future.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K) during the quarterly period covered by this report.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

|  |  |  | Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number |  | Description |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Exhibit Number |  | Filing Date
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant. |  | 8-K |  | 001-38907 |  | 3.1 |  | May 17, 2019
3.2 |  | Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, effective September 15, 2021. |  | 8-K |  | 001-38907 |  | 3.1 |  | September 15, 2021
3.3 |  | Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, effective July 17, 2024 |  | 8-K |  | 001-38907 |  | 3.1 |  | July 18, 2024
3.4 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Sonim Technologies, Inc., as amended and restated as of June 14, 2024 |  | 8-K |  | 001-38907 |  | 3.1 |  | June 14, 2024
3.5 |  | Certificate of Designation of Rights, Preferences and Privileges of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on April 21, 2025 |  | 8-K |  | 001-38907 |  | 3.1 |  | April 21, 2025
4.1 |  | Promissory note dated as of February 21, 2025 |  | 8-K |  | 001-38907 |  | 4.1 |  | February 21, 2025
4.2 |  | Rights Agreement, dated as of April 21, 2025, by and between Sonim Technologies Inc. and Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, which includes the form Certificate of Designation as Exhibit A, the form of Right Certificate as Exhibit B, and the Summary of Rights to Purchase Preferred Shares as Exhibit C |  | 8-K |  | 001-38907 |  | 4.1 |  | April 21, 2025
10.1† |  | Sonim Technologies, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated as of January 1, 2025, and forms of agreements thereunder |  | S-8 |  | 333-284211 |  | 99.1 |  | January 10, 2025
10.2 |  | Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 21, 2025, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and Streeterville Capital, LLC |  | 8-K |  | 001-38907 |  | 10.1 |  | February 21, 2025
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
32.1* |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
32.2* |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document). |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

* | The certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are deemed furnished and not filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
† | Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
# | Portions of this exhibit have been redacted in compliance with Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish supplementally an unredacted copy of the exhibit to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon its request.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| SONIM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Date: May 12, 2025 | By: | /s/ Hao Liu
|  | Hao (Peter) Liu
|  | Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 12, 2025 | By: | /s/ Clay Crolius
|  | Clay Crolius
|  | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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